Thematische Bibliographien / Law in England

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Law in England“

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Veröffentlicht am 26. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Law in England"

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Graham, Cosmo. „England – English Public Law“. European Public Law 1, Issue 2 (01.06.1995): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro1995025.

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Simon, Jonathan. „Uncommon Law: America's Excessive Criminal Law & Our Common-Law Origins“. Daedalus 143, Nr. 3 (Juli 2014): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00288.

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This essay explores the role that U.S. criminal courts play in shaping the uniquely punitive social order of the United States. U.S. courts have long been defined against the common law of England, from which they emerged. In this essay, I consider the English legacy and suggest that while the United States does draw heavily from common-law traditions, it has also innovated to alter them, a process that has established a criminal justice system even more punitive than that of England.
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Sheehan, Michael M., und R. H. Helmholz. „Canon Law and the Law of England“. American Journal of Legal History 36, Nr. 2 (April 1992): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/845861.

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Graham, Cosmo. „England“. European Public Law 2, Issue 2 (01.06.1996): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro1996018.

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Johnson, Paul. „CLASS LAW IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND“. Past and Present 141, Nr. 1 (1993): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/141.1.147.

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Blaney, Ian. „Pious Causes: The Boundaries between Charity Law and Ecclesiastical Law“. Ecclesiastical Law Journal 24, Nr. 3 (September 2022): 309–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x22000333.

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Charities increasingly make up the body politic of the Church of England. They include parochial church councils, diocesan boards of finance and national institutions. By April 2024 every chapter of a cathedral will be required to register as a charity. Faithful parishioners put their collection money in gummed envelopes which call for them to add Gift Aid to their donations. Individual churches run foodbanks, drop-in centres, baby and toddler groups, and a whole range of charitable activities. The general public could be forgiven for thinking that ‘the Church of England’ is a national charity. However, it has not always been the case that the work and mission of the Church of England has been through charities, and for much of its history the Church has remained largely independent of charity law. What are the consequences of increasing reliance on charities and where do the boundaries lie between ecclesiastical and canon law on the one hand and charity law on the other?
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Bash, Anthony. „Ecclesiastical Law and the Law of God in Scripture“. Ecclesiastical Law Journal 5, Nr. 22 (Januar 1998): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00003197.

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The Ecclesiastical Law Society is rightly promoting afresh the study of ecclesiastical law. In the case of the Church of England, the sources of ecclesiastical law are three-fold: case-law, statutes (and Measures made thereunder) and the Canons of the Church of England. These are the formal sources for identifying and expounding (Anglican) ecclesiastical law. The sources qua sources may not be the subject of debate; the debate may only be as to the interpretation of the contents of the sources and whether the sources should be amended. This approach to determining the substantive content of ecclesiastical law reflects the positivist approach to law, such as Bentham, Austin and Hart have set out.
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Edwards, Quentin. „The Canon Law of the Church of England: Its Implications for Unity“. Ecclesiastical Law Journal 1, Nr. 3 (Juli 1988): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00007080.

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Among lawyers who profess to know their way about the labyrinth of the Church of England's legal foundations there is a debate whether there are two subjects or one – are ecclesiastical law and canon law the same? As some purists contend that canon law is more restricted in its scope I shall take, for convenience and perhaps accuracy, the description ecclesiastical law, which certainly comprehends, or should comprehend, canon law. The ecclesiastical law of the Church of England is derived from six sources (1) papal and domestic canon law, (2) ecclesiastical common law, (3) the relevant parts of the Corpus Juris Civilis, (4) parliamentary statutes, (5) Measures of the Church Assembly and the General Synod, (6) the Canons.
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Noee, Elyas, Mohammad Noee und Azadeh Mehrpouyan. „Attribution of Liability among Multiple Tortfeasors under Negligence Law: Causation in Iran and England“. Journal of Politics and Law 9, Nr. 7 (30.08.2016): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n7p219.

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“Causation” possesses a considerable place in tort law of Iran and England particularly in the field of Negligence law. Existing differences in legal systems of Iran (as a Civil Law system) and England (as a Common Law system) make find a common perspective difficult to study causation but possible. This research focuses to compare causation in cases where more than one tortfeasors is involved in inflicting damage by negligence. This study also attempts to recognize differences and similarities between Iran and England in order to resolve ambiguities in Iran legal system through England legal system. The study was conducted in three sections including tortfeasors’ indenpendancy, tortfeasors’ contribution, and tortfeasors’ separate impact. This paper reports respectively: in case of tortfeasor independency, Iran law admits jointly and severally liability while England law offers a variety of approaches in various cases; in case of tortfeasors’ contribution, each tortfeasor is liable according to its effect on causing damage with few exceptions; and in case of tortfeasors’ separate impact, per tortfeasor is liable for inflicted damage which is only from oneself side. The results show England law can be considered to filling legal gap of Iran law regarding present identified differences and similarities.
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Kovačević, Veljko. „England and law, history and specificity“. Pravni zapisi 2, Nr. 2 (2011): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pravzap1102613k.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Law in England"

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Link, Mathias. „Possession, Possessio und das Schicksal des Common Law : der Besitzrechtsstreit im Common Law in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts /“. Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/364177950.pdf.

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Nightingale, Carol L. „Criminal law reform : England 1808-1827 /“. Title page, contents and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arn688.pdf.

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Wells, Elizabeth. „Common law reporting in England 1550-1650“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260105.

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Worby, Samantha Jane. „Kinship in thirteenth century England : the Canon Law in the Common Law“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425687.

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Elvin, Jesse Daniel. „Political correctness, feminism and law reform in England“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420428.

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This thesis examines how far concerns about the perceived influence of feminism on the English legal system are grounded in reality. It makes two main points. Firstly, it shows that there is a significant concern, as presented in the media, that 'politically correct' feminism is having a major influence on the law in England. It shows, for example, that there is an important worry about the perceived influence of feminism on the law dealing with sexual offences and compensation for sexual violence. Similarly, it shows that there is also an notable concern that England will adopt, or that it already has adopted in significant respects, sexual harassment laws as extreme as those supposedly in place in America. Secondly, it demonstrates that certain kinds of feminist approaches to law have made uneven or little progress, despite the widely held perception that they have made tremendous headway in the legal system. By way of an epilogue, it concludes that the reaction to 'politically correct' feminism may best be viewed as a form of 'moral panic'; i.e. a societal response based on beliefs about a perceived moral threat. It places this moral panic in a historical and cultural perspective, comparing it to other moral panics such as the 1950s anti-Communist hunt in American society, and considers its cause.
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Carman, Richard John. „Valuing ancient things : archaeology and law in England“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271915.

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Lindsay, Bobby William Milroy. „The exclusion of foreign law in international private law“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30593/.

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It is an axiom of the conflict of laws that one state will not enforce the revenue, penal, or ‘other public’ laws of another. This thesis shall criticise this position, arguing that these exclusionary principles should be replaced with a general principle of enforceability, subject to the control of public policy. It shall begin by sketching the general landscape of the exclusion of foreign law in Anglo-Scots international private law. Thereafter, a detailed account shall be given – for each of the revenue, penal, and ‘other public’ law rules – of the historical development of those exclusions, and their present scope of operation. This exposition provides a foundation for a critical examination of those rules.
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Kearns, David Richard. „Common Law Judicial Office, Sovereignty, and the Church of England in Restoration England, 1660-1688“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21468.

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This thesis argues that Restoration English debate over sovereignty and state was dominated by attempts to configure the scope of common law judicial office, with arguments in favour of the judiciary’s subordination to the king or Church of England the most common. In response, members of the Restoration judiciary not only rhetorically defended their office as independent, but the judges of the Court of King’s Bench, the highest common law court, exercised their office in such a way as to affirm their independence. They effected this through two processes. First, they grounded their office chiefly in the lex non scripta, rather than statute developed by king or parliament. The Restoration judiciary focused on the customary practices of the realm, found through research into the records of the common law itself. They engaged with statute – the lex scripta – ambivalently, at times ignoring it, or citing it in the face of explicit opposition by Charles II and James II to the legislation in question. Second, the judges claimed their office was responsible for the administration of temporal concerns, such as the defence of the realm, and distinguished this from the salvific focus of the Church, which they described as spiritual. That the judiciary exercised their office as independent of Church and crown requires that we rethink our historiographic approaches to the Restoration, which have tended to treat sovereignty as juridically hierarchical, and Restoration England as confessionalised. As we will see, though the judiciary recognised the king as sovereign, they claimed this entailed only a marginal legal power, its limits subject to the common law judiciary, not an exclusive supremacy over the law. And although the Restoration judiciary prosecuted along confessional lines, they did so not in terms of the salvific focus of the Church, but in terms of the temporal focus of the common law, subordinating the Church to the needs of the state.
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Martinez, Cristina. „Art and law : disciplines intertwined in eighteenth-century England“. Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497517.

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Page, Lisa Jane. „The enforcement of environmental law in England and Wales“. Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/408.

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The control of environmentally damaging activities has become one of the most important areas for concern in recent years. The amount of legislation relating to this subject area has increased several-fold, with European Directives and domestic laws being introduced in response to pressure from a variety of avenues. Key studies on the enforcement of environmental law have been carried out. However, this work was undertaken prior to the expansion of legislative provisions at the start of the 1990s. In the light of this new legislation,n ew regulatorya genciesa, ndc hangingp ublic opinion, the following researcha imsw ere formulated: 1. To assess the approach to enforcement by regulatory agencies (co-operation versus confrontation). 2. To determinet he extent and rate of utilisation of enforcemenmt ethodsb y the regulatory authorities, and the reasons for non-utilisation. 3. To determine which factors influence the strategic decision making process, and to measure the relative importance of each factor. 4. To investigate the types of enforcement policies prevalent in regulatory agencies and evaluate their varying levels of effectiveness. 5. To determine the level of consistency in the approach to enforcement within and between regulatory agencies. 6. To examine the consistency of the levels of penalties applied by the courts. 7. To suggest improvements to the system where required. The first phase of the research involved a postal questionnaire to local authorities. This was followed by structured interviews with NRA and HMIP personnel. An assessment of the consistency of the regulators' enforcement action was made through responses to a regulated community questionnaire, and an appraisal of the consistency of penalties applied by the courts was achieved by analysis of case reports. The main findings from the research were: I. Regulatory agencies adopted a co-operative enforcement approach in the first instance, followed by more stringent action if required. 2. Most regulatory bodies did not use the full array of enforcement methods at their disposal. 3. A large variety of factors relating to the incident affects the decision making process. 4. Not all local authorities had an enforcement policy. Of those that did, a wide variation in the type of enforcement policies existed. 5. Regulators were found to be inconsistent in their enforcement practices. 6. The levels of penalties applied by the courts were also found to be inconsistent. Improvements to the system were suggested as a result of these research findings.
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Bücher zum Thema "Law in England"

1

Hutchesson, Peter. All England law reports. London: Butterworths, 1992.

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Helmholz, R. H. Canon law and the law of England. London: Hambledon Press, 1987.

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Caroline, Vandridge-Ames, Hrsg. The all England law reports. London: Butterworths, 1997.

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Christine, Ivamy, Hrsg. The all England law reports. London: Butterworths, 1991.

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Rose, Craig, und Karen Widdicombe. The all England law reports. London: Butterworths, 2002.

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Johnson, Paul. Class law in Victorian England. London: London School of Economics and Political Science, 1992.

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Hamilton, Philip K. New England School of Law. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 2008.

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Halsbury, Hardinge Stanley Giffard. Halsbury's laws of England. London: Butterworth, 1994.

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Halsbury, Hardinge Stanley Giffard. Halsbury's laws of England. London: Butterworth, 1993.

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Giffard, Halsbury Hardinge Stanley. Halsbury's laws of England. Herausgegeben von Heathfield Elizabeth und Smith Peter 1950-. London: Butterworth, 1990.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Law in England"

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McHale, J. V., und J. Miola. „England“. In Tort and Insurance Law, 28–48. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0601-3_4.

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Jones, Michael A. „England“. In Tort and Insurance Law, 49–89. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0601-3_5.

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O’Halloran, Kerry. „England“. In Adoption Law and Human Rights, 118–57. Names: O’Halloran, Kerry, author.Title: Adoption law and human rights : international perspectives / Kerry O’Halloran.Description: Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Human rights and international law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315651279-6.

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Balboni, Paolo. „England“. In Information Technology and Law Series, 95–128. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-493-6_5.

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Wróblewski, Bartłomiej. „England“. In State Liability and the Law, 108–18. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003327103-10.

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Chevalier-Watts, Juliet. „England and Wales“. In Charity Law, 89–107. Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315622118-5.

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Behrman, Simon. „Sanctuary in England“. In Law and Asylum, 31–64. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Law and migration: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203730348-3.

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Lewis, Richard. „England and Wales“. In The Impact of Social Security Law on Tort Law, 56–73. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6055-8_3.

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Oliphant, Ken. „England and Wales“. In Tort and Insurance Law, 213–39. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-92798-4_11.

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O'Halloran, Kerry. „England and Wales“. In Children & the Law, 113–82. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003268642-9.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Law in England"

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Brenncke, Martin. „THE LIMITS OF JUDICIAL POWER IN ENGLAND AND GERMANY: A COMPARATIVE METHODOLOGICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE“. In 2nd Law & Political Science Conference, Prague. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/lpc.2018.002.002.

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Connolly, Michael. „Multiculturalism, Compassion, and the Law“. In Debating Multiculturalism 1. Dialogue Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/pgba2762.

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The most visible and heavily reported problems of different cultures living together, unsurprisingly perhaps, centre on housing and accommodation. The principal areas of tension appear to be two-fold. First, recent immigrants being housed in already- deprived areas. Second, Romany Travellers, with their own form of desperation, trying to settle en masse against the wishes of locals and often in breach of planning laws. This problem has grown in recent times as their nomadic lifestyle has been increasingly outlawed, beginning most notably in recent times with section 39 of the Public Order Act 1986, expressed to prevent New Age Travellers from converging on or around festival sites, such as Stonehenge, but used from day one against Romany Travellers on the waysides of England. These facts alone are enough to explain the tensions between different cultures. But a slightly deeper look reveals a rather more contradictory picture. It involves the politicians, who pass equality laws to protect such people, yet with their public comments, provoke animosity towards the same people. The matter is aggravated by some more subtle, but equally populist, judicial comments. These comments, alongside some of saddest events in recent British social history, are considered below. It is suggested that Britain’s equality laws cannot achieve their potential to facilitate multiculturalism whilst being undermined by the lawmakers.
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Poliakov, R. B. „Final court hearing in insolvency proceedings in England, France, Germany“. In SCIENTIFIC INNOVATIONS IN LAW AMIDST THE IMPACT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR ON THE LEGAL SYSTEM. Baltija Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-409-2-47.

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Lee, Sook Ling, und Guru Dhillon. „TRANSGENDERISM IN MALAYSIA AND ENGLAND � A LEGAL STUDY“. In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s02.023.

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Transgenders are those whose sex assigned to them at birth i.e., male or female, does not conform with their current perceived gender. Since transgenders are considered by the traditional binary male or female society as deviating from the established gender norms, they often face humiliation, discrimination or social exclusion. This paper examined the approaches made by the authorities of Malaysia and England when dealing with transgender issues. The authors employed a doctrinal research method for this paper. The authors collected data from relevant legislation, case law, textbooks, journal articles, statistical reports, press reports, and reliable websites. In addition, this paper highlighted the current laws that are in place to deal with transgender rights in both jurisdictions. This paper serves as a good source of reference to legislators, lawyers, academics, students, and the public at large and it creates an awareness pertaining transgender rights in the jurisdictions of Malaysia and England.
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Ковалёв, М. А. „Debates in the British Parliament about Martial Law in Ireland in 1803“. In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.013.

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В статье рассматривается роль ирландского фактора в борьбе политических элит в Великобритании начала XIX в. В качестве основного вопроса для раскрытия темы выбрана проблема введения военного положения в Ирландии в ходе восстания 1803 г. Автором исследованы позиции представителей торийского кабинета, вигской оппозиции, а также «третьей партии». Проблема военного положения была важным инструментом в руках британского правительства. Поэтому вопрос о его применении на территории зависимой страны мог отразиться на правовом положении самих англичан как жителей метрополии. Дебаты по данному вопросу можно понимать как составную часть общей полемики о полномочиях центральной власти. Проанализированы точки зрения на данный вопрос государственных деятелей, офицеров и других коммонеров, среди которых – известные личности своего времени: У. Уиндхэм, Г. Аддингтон, У. Уилберфорс, С. Персиваль. Рассмотрена также предыстория взаимоотношений Англии и Ирландии в XII–XVIII вв. в контексте складывания «островной империи». На основании материалов британского парламента сделаны выводы о том, что характерный для консервативного сознания «образ врага» оказался важнейшим аргументом в ходе принятия решения о военном положении. «Третья партия» У. Уиндхэма имела при этом особую позицию. Защищая гражданские права и свободы, она тем не менее не вполне вторила своим коллегам из партии вигов. Их аргументация скорее отталкивалась от принципа сохранения целостности государства, укладывалась в логику стратегии уступок и в целом была прагматичной. The article examines the role of the Irish factor in the struggle of political elites in the UK at the beginning of the XIX century. The problem of the adopting of martial law in Ireland during the uprising of 1803 was chosen as the main issue for the disclosure of the topic. The author investigated the positions of representatives of the Tory cabinet, the Whig opposition, as well as the “third party”. The issue of martial law was an important tool in the hands of the British Government. Therefore, the question of its application on the territory of a dependent country could affect the legal position of the British themselves as residents of the metropolis. The debate on this issue can be considered as an integral part of the general debate about the powers of the central government. The points of view of statesmen, officers and other members of parliament on this issue are analyzed, among which are famous personalities of their time: W. Windham, H. Addington, W. Wilberforce, S. Percival. The prehistory of the relationship between England and Ireland in the XII–XVIII centuries is also considered in the context of the forming of the “island empire”. Based on the materials of the British Parliament, conclusions were drawn that the “image of the enemy” which is characteristic of the conservative mind turned out to be the most important argument during the decision on martial law. The “third party” of W. Windham at the same time had a special position. Defending civil rights and freedoms, however, it did not fully echo her colleagues from the Whig Party. Their argumentation was rather based on the principle of preserving the integrity of the state, fit into the logic of the strategy of concessions and was generally pragmatic.
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Maitland, R. P. „Regulation of Ageing Reprocessing Facilities in the UK“. In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59353.

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The UK’s strategy for spent Magnox reactor fuel demands continued operation of the Magnox Reprocessing facility at Sellafield (located in the North West of England) to reprocess the remaining spent fuel in the shutdown Magnox reactor stations and from the two remaining operational Magnox reactor stations, Wylfa and Oldbury. Safety, security, environmental, transport, energy and economic issues provide the initiative to continue reprocessing in ageing facilities that are prone to chronic operational and nuclear safety challenges. One of the responsibilities of the UK’s Office for Nuclear Regulation is to regulate the safety of continuing Magnox Reprocessing Operations against relevant health and safety legislation; this largely non-prescriptive framework requires dutyholders to demonstrably reduce risk so far as is reasonably practicable. This paper articulates the often complex balances that have to be made to demonstrate compliance with safety law to sustain continued operation of ageing reprocessing facilities. This paper details how the UK’s regulatory framework facilitates a flexible, proportionate and goal-setting approach to regulating operational facilities where it is difficult to satisfy relevant good practice or standards that would be expected of a modern facility. The challenges presented by regulation of ageing, operational facilities is analogous to those from legacy waste retrieval and decommissioning; this paper reflects the versatility of the UK’s regulatory approach to these two different areas of the fuel cycle.
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Guo, Shiyi. „On Henry de Bracton’s on the Laws and Customs of England“. In 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.405.

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Petrova, I. V. „CLASSIFICATION OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY AND ITS CRIMINAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAWS OF ENGLAND“. In Социальные и гуманитарные науки в XXI веке: итоги, вызовы, перспективы. Санкт-Петербург: Ассоциация содействия изучению и популяризации истории и социально-гуманитарных наук «НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ЦЕНТР «ПЕРЕСВЕТ», 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46987/0116042021_159.

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Rahnamai, Kourosh. „Frequency Analysis Tools for a First Control Course Using MATLAB“. In ASME 1993 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1993-0063.

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Abstract A set of routines is developed using the MATLAB software package to aid students in learning methods of frequency response analysis. Routines are menu driven which would require minimum knowledge of MATLAB commands. A rapid sketch of asymptotic Bode plots is emphasized which is the basis for the lead, lag, and lead-lag compensator design techniques in the first control course taught at Western New England College.
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Taylor, P., R. McMillan und D. Baker. „Dual Fuel DLE Typhoon Commercial Operating Experience and Improvement Upgrades“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0112.

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The first Typhoon generator set fitted with ABB Alstom power’s dual fuel dry low emissions (DLE) system entered service in June 1998 at the Boots Company headquarters in Nottingham, England. Running on distillate fuel NOx emissions of 30 ppmvd at 15% O2 have been commercially demonstrated without water or steam injection. This paper describes the operating experience gained from the gas turbine manufacturers and operating customers point of view. The gas and liquid fuel burner configurations along with the operating concept are described. Discussion of the initial site issues encountered, the solutions introduced and the effect on operational impact are then explained in detail.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Law in England"

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Fisher, Rebecca, Lucinda Allen, Akanksha Malhotra und Hugh Alderwick. Tackling the inverse care law: Analysis of policies to improve general practice in deprived areas since 1990. The Health Foundation, Januar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37829/hf-2022-p09.

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This analysis reviews attempts to tackle inequities in the supply of general practice services in England over the past 30 years. The report looks at policies on general practice funding, workforce, premises, contracts and commissioning. It provides several recommendations for national policymakers, including: a new equity test for all new policies in general practice; an independent review of general practice funding allocations; and a long-term workforce strategy for general practice that should consider stronger central coordination and oversight of GP distribution.
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Mori, Ipsos. Local Authority Capacity and Capability. Food Standards Agency, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.dvl526.

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The FSA has a key role as the central competent authority in overseeing official food and feed controls undertaken by local authorities. This supports the delivery of the FSA’s mission, food you can trust, and helps ensure food is safe and what it says it is. The FSA seeks to work in partnership with local authorities to help them to deliver official food and feed controls. Local Authority (LA) Environmental Health (EH), Port Health and Trading Standards (TS) teams deliver official food and feed controls using a range of interventions as set out in the Food Law Code of Practice (FLCoP) and Feed Law Code of Practice (FeLCoP). They are instrumental to the delivery of the FSA mission, across England, Wales and Northern Ireland to ensure consumer confidence and protect public health. Evidence from professional bodies, LAs and wider sources suggests that LAs are experiencing significant issues around the recruitment and retention of suitably/ appropriately qualified and experienced officers.(footnote 1) The FSA commissioned Ipsos UK to carry out this initial phase of discovery research to understand more about the barriers and facilitators encountered by LAs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland
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Wallace, Victoria, und Alyssa Siegel-Miles. Alternative Lawn Options for New England Landscapes. UConn Extension, Juli 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.61899/ucext.v1.008.2024.

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Gilly, Zsófia Bernadett. Impeachment as a tool of lawfare in Latin America : Conceptual and historical overview (Part I). Magyar Külügyi Intézet, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2023.27.

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The concept of impeachment has its origins in the history of political and legal thought as a constitutional mechanism to remove public officials for serious violations of the law or abuse of power. Originating from England, it has influenced the constitutions of the United States and the countries of Latin America. In addition to concrete grounds for impeachment, constitutions also allow for impeachment based on abstract grounds, designed for cases where no specific offence can be proven, but the abuse of power is so obvious that the people must be guaranteed the right to recall their elected leader. In Latin America, military coups have been replaced by so-called “soft coups”, which abuse various legal instruments. The abstract nature of the grounds for impeachment contributes to the potential misuse of this mechanism as a tool of lawfare, as many cases demonstrate. During the past decade, Peru has experienced a series of impeachments, with three presidents facing removal from office due to political conflicts between the legislative and executive branches. These cases highlight the use of impeachment as a tool of lawfare, undermining democratic stability and raising concerns about the transparency and impartiality of the process, as well as the erosion of democratic principles.
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Gilly, Zsófia Bernadett. Impeachment as a tool of lawfare in Latin America : Conceptual and historical overview (Part II). Magyar Külügyi Intézet, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2023.28.

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The concept of impeachment has its origins in the history of political and legal thought as a constitutional mechanism to remove public officials for serious violations of the law or abuse of power. Originating from England, it has influenced the constitutions of the United States and the countries of Latin America. In addition to concrete grounds for impeachment, constitutions also allow for impeachment based on abstract grounds, designed for cases where no specific offence can be proven, but the abuse of power is so obvious that the people must be guaranteed the right to recall their elected leader. In Latin America, military coups have been replaced by so-called “soft coups”, which abuse various legal instruments. The abstract nature of the grounds for impeachment contributes to the potential misuse of this mechanism as a tool of lawfare, as many cases demonstrate. During the past decade, Peru has experienced a series of impeachments, with three presidents facing removal from office due to political conflicts between the legislative and executive branches. These cases highlight the use of impeachment as a tool of lawfare, undermining democratic stability and raising concerns about the transparency and impartiality of the process, as well as the erosion of democratic principles.
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UK, Ipsos. Survey of public attitudes towards precision breeding. Food Standards Agency, Oktober 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ouv127.

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The Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Bill is currently going through Parliament. Although this bill is ‘England only’ and food and feed safety and hygiene is a devolved issue, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) will introduce a separate regulatory framework for precision bred organisms (PBOs), should the Bill become law. The FSA will also work with stakeholders in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to ensure consumers’ interests are protected in relation to PBOs. The FSA / Food Standard Scotland (FSS) is science and evidence led. In August 2022, the FSA and FSS commissioned Ipsos UK to conduct a two-phase social research project on precision breeding. Phase One, now complete, involved a survey of 4,177 UK residents with robust samples in each UK nation to allow comparisons between and within nations. Phase Two, scheduled to start in September 2022 and report in early 2023, will comprise a series of Citizens’ Forums in England, Wales and Northern Ireland(footnote 1). The overall aims of this project are to: explore consumer attitudes towards precision breeding gather consumer views on the FSA’s proposed regulatory framework understand consumer information needs inform how to communicate with consumers about precision breeding. This document presents interim findings for this project, reporting descriptive data from Phase One. Phase One’s core aims were to provide a snapshot of consumers’ awareness and self-assessed knowledge of precision breeding, its perceived acceptability, risks and benefits, and consumer appetite for information about this production method. These data show that awareness of precision breeding is very low, something which should be borne in mind when considering these findings. While these data reveal that there is a general openness to trying precision bred foods across the UK, with more people anticipating benefits than disbenefits from the use of precision breeding, there is a large degree of uncertainty about what impact precision bred foods may have on the different parts of the food system. This is reflected in the relatively large proportions of people taking a neutral stance or indicating they do not know enough to answer survey questions and in the strong appetite expressed for information about precision breeding to be provided. The next phase of this project will be essential for the FSA’s ability to interpret these findings’ implications, and to understand what is informing consumers’ views. The purpose of Phase One has always been to let the FSA know ‘what’ consumers think about precision breeding; Phase Two’s purpose is to build our understanding ‘why’ they think it. This will allow the FSA to develop a more nuanced understanding of consumers’ needs and incorporate this into the design of the future regulatory framework and any engagement with consumers on precision breeding. FSS will be carrying out further research in Scotland.
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Limited, ICF Consulting Services. Evaluation of Food Standards pilot. Food Standards Agency, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ngz479.

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This report presents the findings from the evaluation of the pilot programme that the Food Standards Agency (FSA) has completed to test a proposed Food Standards Delivery Model (FSDM) as part of the Achieving Business Compliance (ABC) programme. The proposed model aims to support local authorities (LAs) in England, Northern Ireland, and Wales in targeting resources more effectively, and provide better assurance and more flexibility to LAs. The pilot programme was carried out with seven LAs in England and Northern Ireland. The pilot started in January 2021 and finished in March 2022.
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Schultheiß, L., Z. Shawoo, I. Bakhtaoui, L. Ahmed, C. Lindsay und A. Sircar. Rendre opérationnel le fonds pertes et préjudices : apprendre de la mosaïque de financements. Stockholm Environment Institute, Februar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2024.009.

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Ce rapport (en englais, Operationalising the Loss and Damage Fund: Learning from the Funding Mosaic) tire des enseignements des options actuelles de financements. Ce rapport se fonde sur les enseignements, les expériences, les réflexions et recommandations de personnes travaillant dans des organisations de financement liées au changement climatique, au développement et aux causes humanitaires, ou encore dans des organisations caritatives et associations à but non lucratif dans le monde entier.
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Souch, Catherine, und Steve Brace. Geography of geography: the evidence base. Royal Geographical Society (with IBG), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55203/xqlb9264.

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The Society, along with the wider geographical community, has known for a long time that geography attracts a disproportionately low number of young people from disadvantaged and Black and ethnic minority backgrounds to study the subject. We knew national participation trends but had little benchmark data at regional and school levels. And it is only by knowing more about who is choosing geography at school and university (and, importantly, who doesn’t), and how the rates of uptake and progression vary that we will be able to develop effective interventions to address the inequalities and ensure that geography is a vibrant discipline. The Society therefore commissioned a significant piece of independent research using the Department for Education’s National Pupil Database and linked HESA data (information on students at university) to answer our questions. Given the source of the schools data, the results are for England only for the period from 2009/10 to 2017/18.
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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.

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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.
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