Zeitschriftenartikel: „Latin-Spanish“

1

Morgan, Terrell A., und John M. Lipski. „Latin American Spanish“. Modern Language Journal 81, Nr. 4 (1997): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328925.

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2

Velleman, Barry L., und John M. Lipski. „Latin American Spanish“. Hispania 79, Nr. 3 (September 1996): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/345539.

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3

Stephens, Thomas M., und John M. Lipski. „Latin American Spanish“. Hispanic Review 64, Nr. 1 (1996): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/475058.

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4

Lafford, Barbara A., und John M. Lipski. „Latin American Spanish“. Language 72, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1996): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416109.

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5

Knight, G. R. „Spanish Latin Drama“. Classical Review 49, Nr. 1 (April 1999): 240–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/49.1.240.

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6

Redondo-Flórez, Laura, Jesús Fernández-Lucas und Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. „Cultural Differences in Stress-Related Psychological, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Oral Health Factors of Professors“. Nutrients 12, Nr. 12 (27.11.2020): 3644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123644.

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With the aim to explore cultural differences in stress-related psychological, nutrition, physical activity, and oral health factors between Spanish and Latin American professors, we analysed stress-related factors in 598 professors (39.9% male, 60.1% female, 41.3 ± 9.8 years) by a collection of questionnaires, which involved psychological, nutritional, physical activity and oral health items. Results showed how Spanish professors presented significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher scores than Latin American professors in perceived stress (Spanish: 21.40 ± 4.32 vs. Latin American: 20.36 ± 4.31), teaching stress (Spanish: 6.59 ± 2.28 vs. Latin American: 6.00 ± 2.99) and neuroticism (Spanish: 5.40 ± 2.10 vs. Latin American: 4.58 ± 1.72). Spanish professors also showed healthier nutritional and physical activity habits than their Latin American counterparts, presenting higher consumption of milk products and a higher numbers of meals per day, greater weekly meat and fish consumption and higher weekly resistance training, as well as less eating between hours and snacking consumption. Nevertheless, Spanish professors brushed their teeth less and showed a higher smoking habit than Latin American professors. We concluded that there were cultural differences between Spanish and Latin American professors. In the present research, Spanish professors showed significantly higher burnout levels, teaching stress, perceived stress, and neuroticism than Latin American professors, and several differences were also found around health behaviours. These differences in perceived stress, teaching stress and burnout syndrome may be due to the habituation process of Latin American professors, and probably are associated with a higher stressful and demanding socio-cultural context.

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Feizaka, Margarita. „Geografía lingüística: a brief insight into the variety of the Spanish language across Latin America“. Folia Geographica 18 (2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/fg.18.6.

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While there are studies on differences between traditional Spanish and Latin American Spanish, they tend to either compare Castilian Spanish to one national variation in Latin America (e.g. Mexican Spanish) or assume that the whole region of Latin America is rather linguistically homogenous. This research aims to provide a brief insight into differences between variations of the Spanish language spoken in different countries in Latin America, comparing three local dialects: Mexican, Venezuelan and Chilean. Qualitative content analysis and the comparative method were applied to conduct the research. The findings suggest that there are differences in grammar usage and lexicon between different countries. While phenomena like anglicisms and changing prepositions were detected in all local dialects, Mexican Spanish stood out in terms of grammar, and Mexican and Venezuelan Spanish vocabulary showed specific local expressions.

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López González, Antonio María. „Español neutro — español latino: Hacia una norma hispanoamericana en los medios de comunicación“. Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, Nr. 5 (24.07.2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.67.5-1.

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Within the framework of the varieties of the Spanish language in America, there has been built a linguistic variety, popularly known as Latin Spanish, commonly used in the international media, audiovisual productions and in the dubs made in Latin America. This article aims to analyse the concept of neutral or Latin Spanish (español neutro and español latino), its role as a standard Spanish-American variety, its fields of use, as well as its linguistic characteristics.

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Pshenichnikova, Angelina Yur'evna. „The Vocabulary of Traditional Dishes of the Regions of Spain, which has a Foreign Language Origin.“ Litera, Nr. 3 (März 2023): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.3.39892.

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In the modern world, the Spanish language in Latin America is defined as the national version of the Spanish language. The object of the study is the national variants of the Spanish language. The subject of the study is the vocabulary of traditional dishes of the regions of Spain. In this regard, considering the origin of the vocabulary of traditional Spanish dishes, we highlight the purpose of the study: to analyze the names of traditional dishes of the regions of Spain that have an origin from the names of dishes of some Latin American countries. The Spanish language has a wide territorial variability, which determines the inter-variant national and cultural specifics of communication (Firsova, 2021: 176). The objectives of this work are to establish the interrelationships of the origin of the vocabulary of traditional dishes of the regions of Spain with the vocabulary of similar dishes of Latin American countries. The scientific novelty of our research consists in examining and analyzing the little-studied vocabulary of dishes from Spain and Latin American countries, such as Peru, Argentina and Cuba. Relevance of the research: the role of the Spanish language and the national variant of the Spanish language are an urgent topic and suggest making new conclusions about the development of the language, in a broad sense, as a sign and communicative system. The vocabulary of traditional Spanish dishes, represented by such groups as Arabisms, Gallicisms, Latinisms, indigenisms, regionalisms and varianisms, is marked by their different origins. Spanish in Latin American countries can be defined as the national version of the Spanish language. Spanish in Latin America has the status of the official language. Along with the Spanish official language, Quechua and Aymara have the status of the state language in the countries of Peru and Bolivia, which is reflected in the national and cultural specifics of the Spanish language. In the countries we are considering, Peru, Argentina and Cuba, the Spanish language, of course, has its own peculiarities. In the article we gave an analysis of the vocabulary of dishes by origin.

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Rodríguez Barcia, Susana, und Andre Moskowitz. „An Authentic Pan-Hispanic Language Policy? Spain as the Point of Reference in the Spanish Royal Academy’s Diccionario de la lengua espaÑola“. International Journal of Lexicography 32, Nr. 4 (27.04.2019): 498–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecz012.

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Abstract Despite the Spanish Royal Academy’s claim that it has broken away from its Eurocentric perspective and embraced a pan-Hispanic approach, a careful analysis of its dictionary, the Diccionario de la lengua española (DLE), reveals a clear bias in favor of Peninsular Spanish usage and a systematic relegation of Latin American Spanish to an inferior, subsidiary status. This paper arises out of that specific concern and is focused on a close reading of the Spanish Royal Academy’s DLE in its most recent electronic version 23.1 (2017). In this paper we will show that the Real Academia Española’s claim of a pan-Hispanic approach is in fact a disingenuous smokescreen and that, in reality, the DLE places Latin American Spanish usage in an inferior and subsidiary status via-a-vis Peninsular Spanish usage. To demonstrate this, we have classified selected dictionary entries into two categories: 1) Latin American Spanish usages that are defined by cross-references to the term used in Peninsular Spanish; and 2) usages that occur frequently in Spain and rarely in Spanish-speaking Latin America (Peninsular Spanish usages or españolismos) but are defined in the Dictionary with no geographic marker whatsoever. The results of our analysis reveal that the DLE repeatedly presents Peninsular Spanish usage as if it were General Spanish or ‘neutral Spanish’ and portrays Latin American Spanish as the ‘other.’ This study reveals the fallacy of the RAE’s pan-Hispanic language policy, an institutional device that attempts to force linguistic unity centered around Peninsular Spanish usage where no such unity in fact exists. We will also show that the motivation for this policy stems from a combination of a neocolonial bias and economic interests that seek to promote Spain’s international standing and branding as a country.

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Tarnaeva, Larisa Petrovna, und Nadezhda Yuryevna Nikulnikova. „Features of the lexical composition of the national variants of the Spanish language of Latin America“. Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 17, Nr. 6 (27.06.2024): 2012–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20240288.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the national and cultural characteristics of the lexical composition of the Spanish language of Latin America. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the identification and comprehensive description of the main groups of vocabulary that make up the national and cultural originality of the vocabulary of Latin American variants of the Spanish language, and in the analysis of the features of the use of culturally labeled vocabulary in texts of various functional styles. As a result of the study, the role of lexical borrowings from the languages of Indian peoples and African immigrants in the formation of the lexical composition of the Spanish language of Latin America was revealed. The degree of influence of the American version of English on the vocabulary of Latin American national languages was determined. The main structural and semantic modifications that the vocabulary of the Spanish language endured under the influence of linguistic and cultural contacts were described. The main groups were identified culturally marked lexical units reflecting historical, socio-political, economic and cultural processes that took place in Latin American countries. Specific examples show the functioning of culturally marked vocabulary in modern Latin American speech. The study was conducted on the material of the Spanish language of Latin America.

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Nikulin, Kirill. „SPANISH CAPITAL IN LATIN AMERICA IN CRISIS CONDITIONS. INVESTMENT SPECT“. Urgent Problems of Europe, Nr. 3 (2022): 184–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.03.08.

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The article analyzes the current state of Spanish-Latin American investment ties and assesses the prospects for their development. The research task of the article is to analyse the functioning of Spanish capital in the key Latin American region under the crisis conditions of the last five years. A distinctive feature of Spain among other EU members in the Latin American region is the institutional aspect, which has become one of the drivers of sustainable Spanish-Latin American investment cooperation, in which Iberoamerican multinational enterprises (MNEs) play a key role. To create an up-to-date panorama of investment interaction, the dynamics of Spanish foreign direct investment (FDI) flows the author does assesse their key corporate participants Spanish investments are characterized in comparison with global FDI flows to the region. The financial performance of the leading MNEs participating in the investment process is analysed this factor serves as an indicator to reflect current trends in Spanish-Latin American investment cooperation. The impact of the global financial crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, the current tense geopolitical and geoeconomic situation is taken into account, the evolution of the dynamics of Spanish FDI in Latin America’ and the Caribbean region (LAC) over the past five years is given, the reasons for the main changes and the prospects for their development are indicated. Examples of the processes of internationalization of individual Spanish companies are given. The conclusion is made about the continued dominance of investment as opposed to trade in the vector of Spanish interaction with the LAC countries, with a general decline in Spanish FDI flows, their reorganization, reorientation to Western countries and the existence of new global challenges to the sustainable growth of investment, the prospects for attracting FDI to the region are assessed. In this regard, challenges and associated opportunities are identified.

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Jajo-Yacoub, Kathryn, und Mariana Ramirez. „Phonological Differences Across Varieties of Latin American Spanish“. Canadian Journal for the Academic Mind 1, Nr. 1 (07.11.2023): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2817-5344/48.

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Latin America is a diverse linguistic landscape, evident in the extensive phonological variations within its dominant language, Spanish. This study explores the phonological diversity across Latin American Spanish dialects, including processes such as lateralization and weakening of the /ɾ/ and /l/ phonemes, elisions and reductions of the /s/ consonant, and changes in nasal sounds (/n/, /m/, and /ɲ/) within specific linguistic contexts. Understanding these linguistic differences fosters a fresh perspective on Latin Americans from diverse backgrounds. The study considers demographic and socioeconomic factors that shape these variations and their connection to shared historical and cultural aspects. Information from online corpora and previous studies on Latin American Spanish phonology identifies repetitive phonological processes, comparing them across dialects to determine commonalities and differences. Understanding these phonological processes is critical for dispelling stigmas and contributing to bilingual education, mainly in regions where Spanish is learned as a second language. Educators exposed to the diversity of Latin American Spanish can create inclusive learning environments that accommodate students from various backgrounds and dialects.

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Pamies, Carles, Santiago Pérez-Nievas, Daniela Vintila und Marta Paradés. „Descriptive Political Representation of Latin Americans in Spanish Local Politics: Demographic Concentration, Political Opportunities, and Parties’ Inclusiveness“. American Behavioral Scientist 65, Nr. 9 (03.03.2021): 1234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764221996755.

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Latin Americans represent one of the most sizable migrant communities in Spain. Yet, unlike other minority groups, they count with longer migration tradition, linguistic and cultural similarities with the Spanish population, and easier access to Spanish nationality. Drawing on original data covering a large number of candidates ( N = 5,055), this article examines whether this apparently favorable configuration guarantees the nomination of candidates from this minority group at local elections in municipalities with strong demographic presence of Latin American residents. Our findings indicate that this group is still underrepresented in Spanish politics. Few Latin American candidates are fielded by political parties, and even fewer (<2%) manage to achieve elected office. To interpret these results, we examine the extent to which Spanish parties field minority candidates. We show that while some parties are proactively including these candidates, only few nominate them in secure positions of the electoral lists and that Spanish parties’ inclusiveness does not seem to be aligned with Latin American voters’ partisan preferences.

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Belous, Yulia. „Humanitarian Aspect of Spanish Foreign Policy in Latin America: Lessons for Russia“. ISTORIYA 13, Nr. 10 (120) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023417-7.

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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of humanitarian policy of Spain in Latin America. The article considers the main instruments of humanitarian policy of Spain in Latin America, demonstrates their advantages, the amount of financing and the factors of their effectiveness. The purpose of this article is to identify the features of the humanitarian aspect of Spanish foreign policy on the example of Latin America and to draw conclusions about the Spanish experience for the Russian model of humanitarian policy. The authors conclude that the advantages of the Spanish model of humanitarian policy in Latin America are the effective cooperation of the public and non-governmental sectors for the benefit of humanitarian policy, mobilization of private sector funding for development assistance to Latin American countries, enhanced digitization of humanitarian policy institutions.

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Vohnsen, Mirna. „Spanish-American Studies: Latin American Film“. Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 81, Nr. 1 (25.05.2021): 320–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-08101015.

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17

Corral, Wilfrido H. „Spanish Latin Americanists on Contemporary Narrative“. Latin American Research Review 48, Nr. 3 (2013): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lar.2013.0039.

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Vohnsen, Mirna. „Spanish-American Studies: Latin American Cinema“. Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 80, Nr. 1 (17.06.2020): 432–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-08001021.

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19

Choi, Ji-Young. „Spanish archaic word of Latin American“. Latin American and Caribbean Studies 38, Nr. 2 (31.05.2019): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.17855/jlas.2019.5.38.2.199.

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20

GIFFORD, DOUGLAS. „LATIN-AMERICAN STUDIES: LANGUAGE (AMERICAN SPANISH)“. Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 46, Nr. 1 (13.03.1985): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90002650.

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GIFFORD, DOUGLAS. „LATIN-AMERICAN STUDIES: LANGUAGE (AMERICAN SPANISH)“. Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 48, Nr. 1 (13.03.1987): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90002806.

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GIFFORD, DOUGLAS. „LATIN-AMERICAN STUDIES: LANGUAGE (AMERICAN SPANISH)“. Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 50, Nr. 1 (13.03.1989): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90002956.

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23

Kononuchenko, S. „Spanish Capital in Latin American Countries“. World Economy and International Relations, Nr. 4 (1999): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-1999-4-81-87.

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Pshenichnikova, Angelina Yur'evna. „Culinary lexicon in the dialects of Spanish language“. Филология: научные исследования, Nr. 11 (November 2021): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2021.11.36930.

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This article discusses the peculiarities of linguistic consciousness of the representatives of ethnoses of Latin American countries through the modern dialects of Spanish language. Analysis is conducted on the lexicon of the national cuisine of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. The article includes the analysis of linguistic zones of the Spanish language. The goal lies in examination of the lexicon of national cuisine of Latin American countries and, and creation of culinary dictionary of Spanish-speaking countries. The author aims to determine the national-specific gastronomic realities of Latin American countries through the prism of ethno-cultural space, and establish correlation between the uniqueness of gastronomic realities with the mentality and fragments of the linguistic worldview of Latin American countries. The conclusion is formulated on the impact of loanwords upon the national culinary lexicon of Latin American countries. The author draws a chart with the lexemes of national cuisines of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. In accordance with the linguistic zones of Spanish language, the national culinary lexicon is divided into three groups of indigenisms; considering the influence of other languages on the formation of the vocabulary of the regional Spanish language, the national culinary lexicon is divided into the following loanwords (Africanisms, Arabisms, Gallicisms, Anglicisms, and Italianisms). Lexical units, which are widespread in the territory of two, three, or four national dialects of the Spanish language are referred to as regionalisms. Lexical units that are characteristic to one national dialect of the Spanish language are referred to as variantisms. The proper names are allocated into a separate group. The scientific novelty consists in examination of the poorly studied national culinary lexicon of such Latin American countries as Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

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Artigas, Esther. „On the Latin Origins of Spanish mediante“. Languages 4, Nr. 1 (28.02.2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages4010015.

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This paper aims to contribute to the clarification of the linguistic and extra-linguistic circumstances that accompany the emergence and behavior of mediante in the first centuries of Spanish. To this end, the origin of the Latin participle medians, mediantis is examined and the evidence of its ablative form mediante in various contexts is also analysed and discussed. We conclude from our study that (1) the appearance of mediante in Latin takes place at a relatively late stage of Latin, it having entered the language as a grammatical calque from Greek; (2) in Latin, prepositional values of mediante, which do not necessarily originate from Latin absolute ablative clauses, are already detected; and finally, (3) discursive traditions and historical-cultural factors, in particular those developed in Patristic and Scholastic Literature, are fundamental for the understanding, not only of the evolution of mediante in Latin, but also of its introduccion into Spanish.

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Chen, Yuan, Jin Xu und Chunzhi Li. „A Comparative Study on the Trade Structure between China and Major Spanish American Countries“. Journal of Business Theory and Practice 12, Nr. 2 (30.04.2024): p18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v12n2p18.

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As one of the largest emerging economies in the world, the Latin American region is also a region with high global strategic value. The trade between 19 Spanish American countries and China has a significant impact on economic and trade cooperation between China and Latin America. This article is based on the perspective of trade commodity structure, analyzing trade data between China and Spanish American countries in recent years, comparing and studying the import and export commodity structure between China and three major Spanish American countries: Mexico, Chile, and Peru, and analyzing the changes. Finally, in response to the issues identified in the study, some suggestions are proposed for trade exchanges between China and Spanish American countries, with the hope of providing reference for optimizing the trade commodity structure between China and Spanish American countries and for enterprises to further develop the Latin American market.

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Vázquez Cano, Esteban, und M. ª. Luisa Sevillano-García. „Ubiquitous Educational Use of Mobile Digital Devices. A General and Comparative Study in Spanish and Latin America Higher Education“. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research 7, Nr. 2 (15.07.2018): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7821/naer.2018.7.308.

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This study conducted a general and comparative analysis of how university students use mobile digital devices for educational purposes in various places and spaces both inside and outside university facilities in Spain and Latin America. It analyses a total sample of 886 students (442 Spanish and 444 Latin American) corresponding to five Spanish and five Latin American universities. The research methodology was based on factorial analysis and comparison between groups with parametric and nonparametric tests. The results show that educational use of mobile digital devices in the Hispanic world concentrates on the use of smartphones and tablets inside university facilities; primarily in college cafeterias, corridors, classrooms and libraries. Spanish and Latin American students used tablets in and out of University facilities for storing and retrieving information, and smartphones for sharing educational information and content.

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Mogorrón Huerta, Pedro. „La variation dans les Constructions Verbales Figées de l’espagnol d’Amérique“. Spanish Phraseology 38, Nr. 2 (07.12.2015): 276–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.38.2.05mog.

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Traditionally, research papers on fixed expressions emphasize the fact that those sequences are fixed compared to constructions with free components. After one study which was carried out in 2010 through which we were able to prove that a considerable number of verbal fixed expressions in common Peninsular Spanish allow changes in some of their components without causing a change in the meaning and maintaining their fixed state, in this paper we analyze verbal fixed expressions in the Latin American Spanish variety. This analysis allows us to observe the modes of variation in the Latin American Spanish verbal fixed expressions (paradigm, lexic, morphology, grammar) by following the same patterns and syntactic structures as in common Penninsular Spanish which we find in the case of diatopic expressions formed in the verbal fixed expressions of common Penninsular Spanish as well as in new diatopic verbal fixed expressions. The fact that there are so many verbal fixed expressions in the Latin American Spanish variety and also that this number will only increase in the near future reinforces the idea that we should create very complete data bases.

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Olmos Alcaraz, Antonia, Glenda Vaillant Cruz und Beatriz Padilla. „Multicultural Diversity in the Spanish Public University: An Ethnographic Case Study of Latin American, Latino, and Afro-Latin American Students“. Education Sciences 13, Nr. 10 (19.10.2023): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13101052.

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This article presents the preliminary findings of an ethnographic study about the presence and experiences of students of Latin American origin in Spanish universities. Our aim is to better understand the self-identification and ethnoracial formation processes observed in university-level students. We first reviewed the statistics on students with non-Spanish nationalities enrolled in public Spanish universities. We then analyze how the self-identification processes of Latin American, Latino, and Afro-Latin American students take place in public Spanish universities. We use an ethnographic approach that includes in-depth interviews and participant observation over a period of 9 months. We identified relevant identity markers such as accents and linguistic expressions, cultural practices, and color, as well as the coping and resistance strategies that these students developed to navigate these spaces when facing discrimination, racism, and othering.

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Ryan, John M., und Víctor Parra-Guinaldo. „Spanish and Italian Diminutives Compared: Two Alternatives of a Single Diasystem“. ATHENS JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY 8, Nr. 1 (19.02.2021): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajp.8-1-3.

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The relexification of diminutives has been one of the most productive ways to create new words in the Romance languages. The phenomenon is defined as the historical reanalysis of a lexical item composed of root plus diminutive suffix, whereby the original semantic value of the suffix is bleached over time and its combined form is subsequently reanalyzed as part of a new single morphological root carrying new meaning. This study provides a quantitative lexicographic analysis of the entirety of diminutives that have relexified in the history of Italian. When compared to results for Spanish by Ryan and Parra-Guinaldo (2016), data of this study suggest that Italian followed a very different trajectory of diminutive relexification from Latin than that for Spanish. Specifically, Italian appears to have developed a preference for the alternate ad hoc diminutive suffixes -ino/a and -etto/a (based on non-diminutive Latin forms) at a much earlier period than did Spanish, allowing for greater absorption and the time necessary for relexification. Contrastively, lexicographic data for Spanish suggest that Spanish instead continued to favor reflexes of the original Latin diminutive suffixes. The reasons proposed for this divergence is the relatively early colonization of the Iberian Peninsula and continued preference for traditional Latin diminutive endings over innovative endings that were being adopted Empire-wide, beyond Castile, including other regions of Hispania Keywords: morphology, lexicon, diminutives, Italian, Spanish

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Łazor, Agnieszka. „Influencia de las lenguas prerromanas en la lengua española“. Forum Filologiczne Ateneum, Nr. 1(6)2018 (31.12.2018): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36575/2353-2912/1(6)2018.047.

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Before the romanisation, the Iberian Peninsula was inhabited communities speaking distinct languages with Latin used as their official language. However, the contact of local languages with Latin has left the residue preserved in modern Spanish. This work will present certain features of Spanish which may be attributed to the influence of pre-Roman languages.

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Alconchel, José Luis Girón. „Nebrija y las gramáticas del español en el siglo de oro“. Historiographia Linguistica 22, Nr. 1-2 (01.01.1995): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.22.1-2.02alc.

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Summary This article is intended as a contribution to the history of Spanish grammar of the 16th and 17th centures. It has two parts. In the first the author places grammar studies within the framework of Spanish linguistics of the Renaissance; in the second, he delineates their evolution with reference to Latin grammar and the teaching Spanish as a foreign language. It is well known that nationalism and the intention to establish the literary foundations of the language are the most important agents of grammatical studies during the Renaissance; yet, attention must also be paid to the rupture of medieval Latin-Romance bilingualism, to the new intellectual paradigm in which rhetorics substitutes for syllogism, and to the influence of Erasmus. The grammar of the troubadours and Latin grammar – medieval and humanist – evoke an interest in developing grammars of Romance languages; it made the appearance of Nebrija possible. In his grammar of Spanish we may stress its capacity to be a grammar for foreigners and the value of this document for the history of Spanish. Spanish grammar writing of the 16th century is dominated by Nebrija; is strong presence is evident with the critical reception Villalon and Valdes give to his work. In the 17th century the work of Sanctius initiates a rationalism which favours pedagogical methodology and linguistic nationalism. Jimenez Paton, Correas and Caramuel are the most important authors of that period. With an exemplary linguistic realism Correas applies Sanctius’ theory of the elipsis to Spanish, and he recognizes the singularity of Spanish grammar in contrast to that of Latin. The grammars written for foreigners in the 17th century are at the height of inductive methodology.

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Sidorenko, T. „SPANISH INVESTMENT IN LATIN AMERICA IN THE FACE OF NEW CHALLENGES“. Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, Nr. 1 (28.03.2016): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2016-1-56-61.

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The article analyzes the main directions of expansion and location of Spanish multinationals in the economies of Latin America in the late XX - early XXI centuries. Particular attention is paid to the identification of the competitive advantages of Spanish companies, which would allow them to strengthen their position in the markets of Latin American countries in the post-crisis period.

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Kossarik, M. A. „The treatise on the history of spanish by B. de Aldrete (1606) as the first textbook of romance philology“. Philology at MGIMO 6, Nr. 4 (28.12.2020): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2020-4-24-135-145.

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The paper analyses the role of B. de Aldrete’s treatise “Del Origen y principio de la lengua castellana o romance que oi se usa en España” (1606) in the development of Romance philology. The XVII-century author writes about the most important aspects of internal and external history of Spanish, such as: pre-Romance Spain and substratum languages; Roman conquest and romanization; Hispanic Latin; German conquests of Spain; Arabic conquest and the Reconquista; formation of kingdoms in the north and state-building processes; sociolinguistic situation in Spain; the role of Spanish in the New World; changes from Latin to Spanish in phonetics and morphology; sources of Spanish lexis; early written texts; territorial, social, functional variation of Spanish. Apart from the aspects of Spanish philology, B. de Aldrete pays attention to the formation and functioning of Pyrenean languages: Catalan, Galician, and Portuguese. However, B. de Aldrete does not limit himself to examining Ibero-Romance languages. Many aspects of the history of Spanish are shown against a wider, Romance background, bearing in mind the earlier tradition (the Antiquity, in the first place). He also confronts Spanish with other Romance languages and Latin. The analysis of the first treatise on the history of Spanish makes one reconsider B. de Aldrete’s contribution to the development of language description models and the bases of Romance philology. The treatise sets up a model of Romance philology as a full-fledged philological discipline.

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Sempere-González, Abiu, Fernando Salvador, Arnau Monforte, Júlia Sampol, Juan Espinosa-Pereiro, Marta Miarons, Pau Bosch-Nicolau et al. „COVID-19 Clinical Profile in Latin American Migrants Living in Spain: Does the Geographical Origin Matter?“ Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, Nr. 22 (09.11.2021): 5213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10225213.

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The aim of this study was to describe and compare the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia according to their geographical origin. This is a retrospective case-control study of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia treated at Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona) during the first wave of the pandemic. Cases were defined as patients born in Latin America and controls were randomly selected among Spanish patients matched by age and gender. Demographic and clinical variables were collected, including comorbidities, symptoms, vital signs and analytical parameters, intensive care unit admission and outcome at 28 days after admission. Overall, 1080 hospitalized patients were registered: 774 (71.6%) from Spain, 142 (13.1%) from Latin America and the rest from other countries. Patients from Latin America were considered as cases and 558 Spanish patients were randomly selected as controls. Latin American patients had a higher proportion of anosmia, rhinorrhea and odynophagia, as well as higher mean levels of platelets and lower mean levels of ferritin than Spanish patients. No differences were found in oxygen requirement and mortality at 28 days after admission, but there was a higher proportion of ICU admissions (28.2% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.0310). An increased proportion of ICU admissions were found in patients from Latin America compared with native Spanish patients when adjusted by age and gender, with no significant differences in in-hospital mortality.

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Calderón, Alvaro, und Ramón Casilda. „The Spanish banks’ strategies in Latin America“. CEPAL Review 2000, Nr. 70 (31.05.2000): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/ec4156e4-en.

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Anufriev, A. A. „Propositional attitude predicates in Latin American Spanish“. Linguistics and Language Teaching 13, Nr. 2 (29.09.2020): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2020-13-2-5-24.

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&NA;. „The Spanish Collaborating Center and Latin America“. PACEsetterS 2, Nr. 3 (Juli 2005): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jbi.0000396153.39631.ec.

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González, Juan-Pablo. „Dictionary of Spanish and Latin American Music“. Popular Music 12, Nr. 2 (Mai 1993): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000005560.

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Afinoguénova, Eugenia. „Spanish and Latin-American Societies on Film“. Hispanófila 177, Nr. 1 (2016): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hsf.2016.0048.

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Velázquez-Mendoza, Omar. „Más sobre el enigmático origen de dieron“. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 139, Nr. 1 (09.03.2023): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2023-0003.

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Abstract This study attributes the enigmatic diphthong -ie- in Old Spanish dieron ‘they gave’ to a second (and later) phase in the development of this form from Latin dĕdērŭnt ‘they gave’. The earlier phase, I propose, involved regular sound change, namely, lenition and vocalic fusion. Thus, dĕdērŭnt > *de[ð]erunt > *de[Ø]eron > *deeron > *deron. I argue that one of the most (if not the single most) productive types of levelling in the history of the Spanish preterite endings, horizontal paradigmatic levelling, was at the root of the second (and final) phase of the development referred to above. The long-upheld belief that extraparadigmatic levelling and subsequent loss of internal -dē- (i.e., haplology) were the causes of the diphthong -ie- in Old Spanish dieron (i.e., Classical Latin dĕdḗrŭnt > Late/Vulgar Latin *dĕ́-dē-rŭnt > Old Spanish dieron) is challenged by the attestation of three non-haplological forms related to Latin dĕdērŭnt: deestes ‘you gave’ (< dĕdĭstĭs), deistis ‘you gave’ (< dĕdĭstĭs), and deerit ‘should s/he give’ (< dĕdĕrĭt). As these forms, which surface in the extant records of the Spanish and Portuguese High Middle Ages, retained the vowel of the second syllable, they could not have derived from haplology. Rather, given their internal vowel-to-vowel contact, i.e., -eØe- and -eØi-, respectively, they must have appeared due to lenition, i.e., loss of internal -d-: dĕdĭstĭs > deØestes, dĕdĭstĭs > deØistis, dĕdĕrĭt > deØerit. In contrast to the traditional view, then, this study proposes that, once regular sound change produced *deron in Old Spanish, stressed -ie- in dieron must have modeled itself after the diphthong of this form’s third-person singular counterpart, Old Spanish dio . In sum, the ultimate cause of the enigmatic diphthong -ie- in Old Spanish dieron is horizontal levelling in the direction third person singular (Old Spanish dio ) → third person plural (Old Spanish *deron > dieron), all within the paradigm of the preterite of dar ‘to give’.

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Olivares, Javier Vidal. „Latin America in the internationalisation strategy of Iberia, 1946–2000“. Journal of Transport History 40, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526619832276.

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Since 1946, Iberia, the Spanish flag carrier, was one of the most useful instruments of Spanish foreign policy, focusing, after the Second World War, on connections between Europe and Latin America. Taking advantage of many bilateral agreements between Spain and Latin American countries, Iberia increased its traffic in the region and in the 1950s consolidated an extensive Latin American network. After 1965, its top managers deployed a new policy in Latin America, scaling up its technical cooperation and financial support. In order to cope with the global liberalisation and privatisation of flag carriers, in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s Iberia attempted to further escalate its penetration, acquiring many Latin American airlines, and to impede the access of European competitors in this region, but this strategy failed.

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Butera, Brianna. „Acoustic Variability of /ptk/ and /bdɡ/ in Spanish: A Pilot Study“. Languages 8, Nr. 3 (21.09.2023): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8030224.

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Propelled by existing research on stop consonant variability in Spanish, this pilot study provides a preliminary acoustic analysis of stop consonant lenition exhibited by speakers of six different varieties of Spanish in Latin America and Spain to explore the gradient acoustic variability in the production of /ptk/ and /bdɡ/ among speakers of different Spanish varieties. Using the acoustic correlate of relative intensity, this analysis considers the effect of various linguistic factors (phoneme, lexical stress, point of articulation, sonority) as well as the extralinguistic factor of Spanish variety on the production of stop consonants in initial, intervocalic position. Results display a higher degree of weakening among speakers of Peninsular and Insular varieties of Spanish compared with those of Latin-American varieties such as Colombian, Mexican, and Peruvian. These exploratory data support the gradient nature of consonant lenition and provide a baseline for future research on stop consonant variability across the Spanish-speaking world.

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Ardila, Alfredo, Mónica Rosselli, Alexandra Ortega, Merike Lang und Valeria L. Torres. „Oral and written language abilities in young Spanish/English bilinguals“. International Journal of Bilingualism 23, Nr. 1 (19.07.2017): 296–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006917720089.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare oral and written language abilities in English and Spanish of young bilinguals residing in the USA. Methodology: Sixty-two participants (mean age = 23.7; SD = 3.50), consisting of 42 bilinguals (born of Spanish-speaking parents) and 20 English monolinguals, were administered a battery of 15 language tasks. Analysis: Bilinguals were divided into two groups: (a) US-born (simultaneous bilinguals who had been exposed to English and Spanish since birth and educated primarily in English) and (b) Latin American-born (early sequential bilinguals who were educated in Spanish and English, although exposed to Spanish at birth and to English before the age of 10). Findings: Higher lexical ability was demonstrated in English compared to Spanish in bilinguals. Performance in grammar tests of the two languages was inconsistent. Reading/writing ability in English was similar for participants born in the USA and in Latin America; however, participants who were born in Latin America had significantly higher scores for Spanish reading/writing tasks. When comparing performance in English tests, it was found that scores for bilingual participants were similar to those of English monolinguals. Originality: The current study directly compares oral and written language abilities in two subgroups of young Spanish/English bilinguals. Three language dimensions are studied: lexicon/grammar; oral/written language; and language knowledge/language use. Implications: Our results suggest that bilingualism does not interfere with normal linguistic ability in English. Limitations: The current study was carried out in a specific bilingual context. Generalization of these results should be done with caution.

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Utkina, L. N. „Linguocultural influence of Spanish (Latin American varieties) on American English“. Язык и текст 6, Nr. 2 (2019): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2019060208.

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The article shows the interaction of two languages (Spanish and English) in diachrony and synchrony (the influence of Latin American Spanish on the American version of English in the last decades). The language situation in the USA is described in connection with the large number of immigrants from Latin America, as well as their cultural influence on the lifestyle of the southern and southwestern US states. On the basis of the analysis of scientific and newspaper publications, videos and Internet sites, the influence of the Spanish language and culture on the American version of the English language and the culture of the southern states of the USA is demonstrated.

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Samper Padilla, José Antonio, und Marta Samper Hernández. „The weakening of intervocalic /d/ in the Spanish of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria“. Sociolinguistic patterns and processes of convergence and divergence in Spanish 17, Nr. 2 (01.10.2020): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.00057.sam.

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Abstract The present paper compares the results obtained from the analysis of intervocalic /d/ in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria with those of other PRESEEA research groups (four Spanish groups and a Latin American one). The Spanish of the Canary Islands is placed, as in other phenomena, halfway between Peninsular and Latin American Spanish. In this process of weakening, interdialectal differences in the degree of deletion of /d/ in participles and the determiner todo stand out, together with some virtually Panhispanic characteristics. The differences in the weakening of the obstruent in these two contexts are closely related to the frequency of their use in the different communities.

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Vázquez-Larruscaín, Miguel. „Arguing Spanish voseo tuteante verb endings: learning, variation and history with OT“. Papers in Historical Phonology 5 (29.12.2020): 123–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/pihph.5.2020.5299.

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The full historical trajectory of voseo (second plural) forms becoming (deferent) second singular forms — as in Latin vos amātis (2pl) > Medieval Spanish vos amádes (2sg formal) — is a central chapter in the history of Spanish. In many Latin-American Spanish vernaculars, classical voseo fused with the original tuteo, giving rise to a new neutral address paradigm, voseo tuteante (Pre-classical Spanish voseo: vos amádes, amáes, amáis, amás (2sg formal) > Latin-American Spanish voseo tuteante: vos amáis, amás (2sg informal)). After a process of selection from the available options, four sets of endings have survived in those varieties: (áis, éis, ís / ás, és, ís / áis, ís, ís / ás, ís, ís). Why these four? The analysis proposed here builds on global properties of the verb system: (i) the verb suffix -is definitively replaced -des in the second half of the XVII century and the early XVIII century, and (ii) the four sets of endings now extant are exactly the ones that can be learned by Optimality-Theoretic grammar-inductive algorithms. This analysis supports the generative view that only languages with learnable grammars are passed on to future generations. Unlearnable languages are most likely to be lost over time. Similarly, variation is also constrained by the limits set by learnability conditions.

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Enrique-Arias, Andrés. „Variación y cambio en la formalización de la interrogación retórica en la historia del español“. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 136, Nr. 4 (10.11.2020): 1085–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2020-0058.

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AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the specific mechanisms that contribute to formalizing the rhetorical interpretation of interrogative sentences throughout the history of Spanish. To this end, data from a corpus of biblical translations from the 13th to the 20th centuries are analyzed. As Biblical Hebrew and Latin use explicit elements to signal direct polar questions, it is relatively easy to locate a large number of passages with interrogative sentences, and then, examine the distribution of the translation equivalents used in the Spanish versions. The interrogative particles of Hebrew and Latin thus articulate a grammaticalized procedural meaning for which Spanish does not have an equivalent explicit marker. The systematic examination of the strategies that Spanish translators use to adapt these structures to their vernacular is therefore a way of accessing the intuitions of speakers from different periods in the history of Spanish in regard to the formulation of the rhetorical interrogative.

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Estivill, Alejandro. „Stephen M. Hart, The other scene: Psychoanalytic readings in modern Spanish and Latin-American literature. Society of Spanish and Spanish- American Studies, Boulder, CO, 1992; 122 pp.“ Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica (NRFH) 43, Nr. 1 (01.01.1995): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/nrfh.v43i1.960.

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Ryan, John M., und Víctor Parra-Guinaldo. „Trends of Diminutive Relexification in Neapolitan: A Lexicographic Analysis with Comparisons to Spanish and Italian“. Athens Journal of Philology 10, Nr. 1 (15.02.2023): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajp.10-1-1.

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This study marks the third phase of a larger project on diminutive relexification across the Romance languages and provides a quantitative lexicographic analysis of diminutives that have relexified in the history of Neapolitan. When compared to previous results for Spanish and Italian, namely, Phases I and II of the larger study, data suggest that Neapolitan has favored relexification with the -i(e)llo suffix, in both Latin and modern periods, and although much like Italian and Spanish that have relexified with modern non-L-form reflexes such as -ino/-ín and -etto/-ito, it is unlike Italian in that Neapolitan has favored -i(e)llo over -ino, making -etto slightly more common than -ino. The paper concludes that Neapolitan, like its Spanish and Italian counterparts, also supports the early Pan-Romance Diminutive Diasystem as asserted previously by the authors (2021). The theory suggests that the same array of both L-form and non-L-form diminutive endings have served for purposes of diminutivization Romance-wide, but each language differs in accordance with the degree of contact between each region and the center of the Empire during the Latin era, as well as any ensuing contact among each other during the post-Latin period. Such was the four-hundred-year Spanish rule and occupation over the Kingdom of Naples, and the influence Spanish exerted on the Neapolitan lexicon during this period. Keywords: morphology, lexicon, diminutives, Neapolitan, Italian, Spanish

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