Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Late-Ripening varieties“

The level of biochemical composition of sweet cherry fruits of different ripening periods was investigated. It has been established that the content of chemical elements in sweet cherry fruits depends on a number of factors. Fruits ripening period is listed frstaming the features of the pomological variety. Weather conditions during the formation and ripening of sweet cherry fruits have a signifcant effect on the content of chemicals. The variety Melitopolskaya krapchastaya was revealed to have a high content of dry soluble substances among all the studied varieties. In the group of late-ripening varieties, the smallest difference in the amount of acidifed acids in fruits between varieties is observed. The high content of organic acids was recorded for the Donetsk Ember variety, and the lowest one for the Turquoise variety. On average, for the varieties of different ripening periods, the highest content of organic acids was noted for early ripening varieties, and the lowest one for late ripening varieties. Having considered all the studied varieties as a whole, it can be asserted that the content of titratable acids was the highest in the fruits of the mid-ripening variety Alenushka, in relation to all other varieties; the lowest amount of organic acids was recorded for the late-ripening varieties Amazonka. The sugar content in the fruits of late-ripening sweet cherry varieties exceeded the average values of the groups of early-ripening and mid-ripening varieties. The mid-ripening variety Mirage was characterized by a high content of vitamin C, and the lowest value of this component of the chemical composition was obtained for the early-ripening variety Mlievskaya yellow. Taste qualities and biochemical composition of fruit and berry crops largely depend on the characteristics of the variety and climatic conditions of cultivation.The early ripening varieties Dar Mliyeva and Zoryana received the maximum tasting assessment. In the group of mid-ripening varieties, the Melitopolskaya krapchastaya variety was highly appreciated, and among the late-ripening varieties, the Turyuza variety. Key words: cherry varieties, dry soluble substances, sugars, organic acids, vitamin C, sugar-acid coefcient.

In this research, 25 species from the gene pool of plant genetic resources of the Rice Research Institute based on the characteristics of the varieties and 9 high-quality yields that can be grown in different and highly saline conditions, regionalized varieties were selected. Obviously, seed germination, seedling thickness and pre-harvest storage performance of those varieties were studied. Further development of rice in different saline conditions, efficient use of natural and other resources, increase of productivity and its quality was researched. In the experiment, in strongly saline soils, in the 4th variant with Cl ion 0.1 - 0.2%, the germination rate was 10.1-34.9% in early ripening varieties of rice, 17.8-25.6% in medium ripening varieties, 11.6-23.0% in late ripening varieties. However, in the 5th variant of the very strongly saline experiment, where the Cl ion content in the soil was higher than 2.0%, the seed germination in early ripening varieties of rice was 0.0-32.9%, 0.0-11.7% and 0-12.3% in middle ripening, and in late ripening varieties, respectively.

Местные сорта винограда Крыма Центра коллективного пользования Ампелографическая коллекция (ЦКП АК) «Магарач» представляют интерес для современной селекции и производства как генотипы, обладающие рядом ценных хозяйственных характеристик. Поэтому изучение биологических свойств этих сортов и знание их фенологических особенностей актуально для выявления и использования источников ценных признаков. Цель работы - характеристика фенологических фаз продукционного периода местных сортов винограда Крыма - потенциальных источников ценных признаков, обладающих высокой степенью максимально адаптированных к условиям и потребностям Республики Крым. Место проведения исследований - базовая коллекция винограда ФГБУН «ВННИИВиВ «Магарач» РАН» (ЦКП АК «Магарач»). Объект исследований - 72 местных сорта винограда Крыма АК «Магарач». В исследовании использованы методики: «Codes des caracteres descriptifs des varietes et especes de Vitis» (OIV, 2009) и «Изучение сортов винограда» (Лазаревский, 1963). В работе проведен сравнительный анализ наступления дат основных фенологических фаз продукционного периода за 2019-2021 гг., определена продолжительность межфазовых периодов и получена дифференциация 72 местных сортов винограда Крыма на группы по продолжительности продукционного периода. Установлено, что продолжительность продукционного периода (ППП) местных сортов винограда Крыма согласно международному классификатору OIV составляет: для винных сортов раннесреднего срока созревания - 135 дней; для винных сортов среднего срока созревания - 142-145 дней; для винных сортов среднепозднего срока созревания - 150-155 дней; для винных сортов позднего срока созревания - 159-165 дней; для столово-винных сортов среднепозднего срока созревания - 146-155 дней; для столовых сортов среднего срока созревания - 146 дней; для столовых сортов среднепозднего срока созревания - 155 дней; для столовых сортов позднего срока созревания - 164-165 дней. Полученные результаты будут способствовать целенаправленному отбору исходного материала в селекционных программах и эффективному использованию генетических ресурсов винограда в научных исследованиях. Local grape varieties of Crimea from the Resource Sharing Center Ampelographic Collection (RSC AC) Magarach are of interest for modern breeding and production as genotypes with a number of valuable economic characteristics. Therefore, the study of biological properties of these varieties and knowledge of their phenological characteristics is relevant for identifying and using sources of valuable traits. The purpose of the work is to characterize the phenological phases of production period of Crimean local grape varieties as potential sources of valuable traits that have a high degree of maximum adapted to the conditions and needs of the Republic of Crimea. The place of research is the basis collection of grapes of the FSBSI Institute Magarach of the RAS (RSC AC Magarach). The objects of research are 72 Crimean local grape varieties of AC Magarach. The following methods were used in the study: "Codes des caracteres descriptifs des varietes et especes de Vitis" (OIV, 2009) and "Study of grape varieties" (Lazarevsky, 1963). In the work we carried out a comparative analysis of onset of the dates of basic phenological phases of production period for 2019-2021, determined the duration of interphase periods, and obtained differentiation of 72 local grape varieties of Crimea by groups according to the production period duration. It was established that the production period duration (PPD) of Crimean local grape varieties according to the international classifier OIV is: for wine varieties of early-medium ripening - 135 days; for wine varieties of medium ripening - 142-145 days; for wine varieties of medium-late ripening - 150-155 days; for wine varieties of late ripening - 159-165 days; for table and wine varieties of medium-late ripening - 146-155 days; for table varieties of medium ripening - 146 days; for table varieties of medium-late ripening - 155 days; for table varieties of late ripening - 164-165 days. The results obtained will contribute to the targeted selection of source material in breeding programs and the effective use of grape genetic resources in scientific research.

Dagestan is considered one of the centers of origin of cultural grapes. This is evidenced by a huge number of indigenous grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions of use. Native varieties have a number of positive features that are widely used in the breeding process. Among them medium ripening period (Ag raisins, Khatmi), late ripening period (Agadai, Goat raisins), etc. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of weather conditions on agrobiological indicators and the onset of phenological phases of the grape plant. The experiment included 14 native grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions of crop use in the conditions of the southern coastal zone of the Republic of Dagestan. The conducted studies have established: one variety of very early ripening period (Ag emchek); 5 varieties of early ripening period (Hotsatsibil, Budai Shuli, Ceaushnovy, Khatmi); 7 early-middle varieties (Ag chakrak, Ag raisin, Gimra, Dagestan, Dzhagar, Dokur, Dubut) and 1 late-ripening variety (Chili Gulabi). And also determined agrobiological indicators and indicators of crop quality. The number of inflorescences per one developed shoot (K1 is the fruiting coefficient) is the lowest in the Budai Shuli variety-0.55, and the highest in the Gimra variety-1.74. The remaining varieties range from 0.61 to 1.56. According to the coefficient of fruitfulness (K2), the varieties Gimra and Hotsacibil are also distinguished (1.90 and 1.71, respectively). For the rest of the varieties, this indicator ranges from 1, 23-1,68. The studied varieties in the conditions of southern coastal zone were divided into four groups: very early, early, early-middle and late. Varieties Ag Emchek, Gimra and Dokur were quite productive (28.1, 23.6 and 21.0 tons, respectively). In spite of the high yields, all the varieties provided quality corresponding to the required conditions (15-20 g/100cm3).is considered one of the centers of origin of cultural grapes. This is evidenced by a huge number of indigenous grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions of use. Native varieties have a number of positive features that are widely used in the breeding process. Among them are varieties of very early ripening period (Yay white raisins and Yay pink raisins), medium ripening period (Ag raisins, Khatmi), late ripening period (Agadai, Goat raisins), etc. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of weather conditions on agrobiological indicators and the onset of phenological phases of the grape plant. The experiment included 14 native grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions of crop use in the conditions of the southern coastal zone of the Republic of Dagestan. The conducted studies have established: one variety of very early ripening period (Ag emchek); 5 varieties of early ripening period (Hotsatsibil, Budai Shuli, Ceaushnovy, Khatmi); 7 early-middle varieties (Ag chakrak, Ag raisin, Gimra, Dagestan, Dzhagar, Dokur, Dubut) and 1 late-ripening variety (Chili Gulabi). And also determined agrobiological indicators and indicators of crop quality. The number of inflorescences per one developed shoot (K1 is the fruiting coefficient) is the lowest in the Budai Shuli variety-0.55, and the highest in the Gimra variety-1.74. The remaining varieties range from 0.61 to 1.56. According to the coefficient of fruitfulness (K2), the varieties Gimra and Hotsacibil are also distinguished (1.90 and 1.71, respectively). For the rest of the varieties, this indicator ranges from 1, 23-1,68. The studied varieties in the conditions of southern coastal zone were divided into four groups: very early, early, early-middle and late. Varieties Ag Emchek, Gimra and Dokur were quite productive (28.1, 23.6 and 21.0 tons, respectively). In spite of the high yields, all the varieties provided quality corresponding to the required conditions (15-20 g/100cm3).

Abstract Wheat varieties were used as objects of research: Novosibirskaya 29, Uyarochka - mid-early, Krasnoyarskaya 12, Kuraginskaya 2 - mid-ripening, Svirel - mid-late. Sowing dates are May 17 and May 25. The duration of the growing season of spring wheat varieties was determined to a greater extent by the number of days of the germination-earing phase. At different sowing dates, the mid-early varieties Uyarochka and Novosibirskaya 29 formed the same duration of germination-heading periods (52-54 days); in the varieties Kuraginskaya 2 and Krasnoyarskaya 12, this period decreased by two days at the late sowing time, and significantly reduced in the variety Svirel (by 6 days). In general, the duration of the growing season with a late sowing period decreased by 2-6 days, while the growing season of mid-ripening and mid- late varieties is longer than medium-early ones by 8-14 days. Mid-early varieties Novosibirskaya 29 and Uyarochka formed a yield of 3.02-3.32 t/ha, regardless of the sowing date. Varieties of spring wheat of the middle and middle late types Kuraginskaya 2, Krasnoyarskaya 12, Svirel significantly increased yields at the optimal sowing time: by 0.31 t/ha, 0.32 t/ha and 0.53 t/ha, respectively. Mid-ripening and mid-late varieties exceeded early-ripening biotypes in terms of yield at both sowing dates, providing an increase of 1.3 to 1.5 t/ha. The recommended sowing time for wheat Svirel, Kuraginskaya, Krasnoyarskaya May 12 - 17, for mid-early varieties - Uyarochka, Novosibirskaya May 29 - 27.

Native varieties have a number of positive characteristics that are widely used in the breeding process. Among them are varieties of very early ripening (Yay izyum white and Yay izyum pink), medium ripening (Ag izyum, Khatmi), late ripening (Agadai, Koz izyum), etc. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of weather conditions on agrobiological indicators and the onset of phenological phases of the grape plant. The experiment included 14 Dagestan native grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions for using the crop in the conditions of the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking. The research has established: one variety of very early ripening (Ag emchek); 5 early ripening varieties (Khotsa tsibil, Budai Shuli, Chaush novyy, Khatmi); 7 early-medium varieties (Ag chakrak, Ag raisin, Gimra, Dagestan, Dzhagar, Dokur, Dubut) and 1 late-ripening variety (Chil Gulyabi). Agrobiological indicators and indicators of crop quality were also determined. The number of inflorescences per one developed shoot (K1 - fruiting coefficient) is the lowest in the Budai Shuli variety - 0.55, and the highest in the Gimra variety - 1.74. For other varieties it ranges from 0.61 to 1.56. According to the fruiting coefficient (K2), the varieties Gimra and Khotsa tsibil are also distinguished (1.90 and 1.71, respectively). For other varieties of oats, this indicator ranges from 1.23-1.68.

The duration of the growing season is an important, adaptively significant indicator for any crop variety. In wheat breeding, a reliable criterion for determining the maturity group of a variety is the ear formation period. The purpose of the study was to determine the ear formation period of soft winter wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origins in the conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region, and also to determine its effect on yield. Among the studied varieties of wheat from the world collection, German varieties were characterized by late ripeness, wheat from China, Japan, Bulgaria and the North Caucasus region of Russia by early ripeness and mid-ripeness, - varieties from the Siberian region of the country by mid-ripeness. Ukrainian cultivars were represented by wheat of different maturity groups. It has been found in the studies that under varying environmental conditions in different years early ripening, mid-early, mid-ripening and mid-late wheat can be highly productive. A well selected system of ripening varieties of soft winter wheat (65–70 % mid-ripening, 25 % mid-early and early-ripening, 5–10 % mid-late) will make it possible to use favorable environmental factors with great efficiency and withstand environmental stresses.

The work presents the results of research into the yield and quality of grain obtained from crop varieties of different maturity types, namely spring common wheat varieties (mid-early Pamyati Aziyeva, mid-late Baganskaya 95 and Omskaya 28), spring barley (early-ripening Bagan, mid-ripening Acha and Signal) and spring oats (early-ripening Krasnoobsky, mid-ripening SIG, mid-late Ural 2). The study was conducted in the conditions of the steppe zone of Western Siberia (North Kulunda), the climate of which is extremely continental, and is characterized by signifi cant variability of agrometeorological conditions of the vegetation period by years and a drought during the fi rst half of summer. It was established that sowing of midripening and mid-late varieties of wheat and barley resulted in the increase of the grain yield by 0.47-1.07 t/ha or by 24-30%, compared with the more early-ripening varieties. Among various biotypes of oats, the highest yields of grain were formed by sowing of the mid-ripening variety, which was by 0.60-0.87 t/ha or 19-30% higher than the early and mid-late varieties, whereas the highest yield of green mass was achieved by sowing of the mid-late variety. All varieties of barley, oats and mid-early wheat were characterized by signifi cant variability in grain yields by years (with coeffi cient of variation being 24-38%), while midlate varieties of wheat were characterized by medium or small variability in grain yields (coeffi cient of variation being 3-12%). The content of crude gluten in the grain of wheat varieties varied considerably depending on agrometeorological conditions (coeffi cient of variation being 20-25%). On average, over the years of research, the highest content of gluten (34.0%) was in the grain of the mid-early variety Pamyati Aziyeva, the lowest content (27.4%) was in the mid-late Baganskaya 95. The maximum amount of crude gluten in the wheat grain (33.6-40.0%) was observed in the dry year, the minimum (19.9-26.4%) was in the year with favorable humidity. The content of crude protein in the barley grain varied in the experiment from 11.6 to 14.9% (coeffi cient of variation being 9-14%) and did not differ signifi cantly by varieties (12.5-12.9%). The greatest amount of crude protein in the grain of all varieties of barley (13.7-14.9%) was recorded in the dry year.

This work examined the trend of changes in temperature from 1950 to 2009 recorded by the Maribor meteorological station, and from 1980 to 2009 the dynamics of grape ripening of early-, medium late-, and late-ripening vine varieties in the Slovenian Styria wine-growing region in North East Slovenia. Based on the data associated with the content of soluble solids, total acidity, and the recommended date of harvest in a particular year, the trends towards shortening of the grapevine growing period were calculated. In general, temperature changes were more significant since 1980 than between 1950 and 1979. The mean annual and seasonal temperature significantly increased, i.e. 0.06°C per year. The growing season was shortened in all studied varieties from 15 to 27 days. Trends showed significantly decreasing content of total acidity, which can be considered explicitly as a consequence of higher temperatures during the growth period and ripening of grape berries. Grapes now ripen at temperatures which are approximately by 2°C higher than 30 years ago. Regarding the total acidity content of the late-ripening varieties, the influence of higher temperatures is positive. Minor changes were found in precipitations rates.  

The present paper focuses primarily on the agrobiological and technological characteristics of the pink local vinous varieties Pamid and Muscat red. Muscat red is a late ripening vinous variety, and variety Pamid is a medium ripening vinous variety with possibility for consumption in fresh condition as well since its pellicle and seeds are not felt, and the titrated acidity is low. Variety Muscat red belongs to the most cold-resistant local varieties. Variety Pamid has increased root phylloxera resistance, on account of which it can be cultivated on its own roots without grafting in sandy soils.

L’arôme fruité des vins rouges est décrit par une large gamme de descripteurs, allant des fruits frais aux fruits mûrs et confiturés, en passant par les fruits confits jusqu'aux notes de pruneaux. La qualité fruitée d’un vin rouge est décrite par des notes de fruits rouges et noirs frais et confiturés. Bien que de nombreux attributs sensoriels soient mentionnés dans la littérature, les connaissances concernant l'arôme fruité qualitatif des vins rouges par rapport à leur composition chimique nécessitent encore d'être approfondies. Cependant, au moins une composante de cette expression fruitée est le reflet d’interactions perceptives impliquant en majorité des esters, mais également d’autres familles de molécules aromatiques. Au cours de ces dernières années, des changements dans l’expression fruitée des vins rouges de Bordeaux, caractérisés par l’apparition des notes de fruits cuits et secs, ont été rapportés et corrélés au changement climatique. Ainsi, les techniciens du secteur vitivinicole et les scientifiques, soulignent la nécessité de prendre des précautions pour préserver l’arôme fruité frais des vins rouges de Bordeaux. Pour cela, une des stratégies d’adaptation consiste à introduire dans le vignoble bordelais des cépages tardifs sélectionnés pour leur cycle végétatif potentiellement adapté aux futures conditions climatiques. Cette thèse propose une meilleure compréhension de l’arôme fruité des vins rouges issus de cépages de Bordeaux, mais également de cépages cultivés autour du bassin méditerranéen, zone simulant les futures conditions climatiques de Bordeaux. Grâce à des approches sensorielles, il a été montré que des vins rouges de Bordeaux présentaient des similitudes avec des vins rouges issus de cépages implantés dans le pourtour méditerranéen au niveau de leur caractère fruité. Une caractérisation approfondie de la contribution des composés volatils d’intérêt dans la perception des notes fruitées a été réalisée. Des interactions perceptives entre des composés de la famille des monoterpènes et des C13-norisoprénoïdes en mélange avec des esters, ont révélé l’importance de ces composés dans la perception des notes fruitées. Enfin, l’addition de ces composés volatils dans un vin rouge montre une diminution des notes de fruits cuits et une augmentation des notes de fruits noirs frais. Ces travaux de recherche ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives en œnologie telles que la maîtrise des teneurs de ces composés d’intérêt par diverses pratiques, mais également la potentielle introduction des « nouveaux » cépages dans l’assemblage des vins de Bordeaux
The fruity aroma of red wines is described by a wide range of descriptors, ranging from fresh fruits to ripe and jammy fruits, to candied fruits and prunes notes. The fruity quality of a red wine is characterized by notes of fresh and jammy red- and black-berry fruits. Although many sensory attributes are mentioned in the literature, knowledge regarding the qualitative fruity aroma of red wines in relation to their chemical composition still requires further investigation. However, at least one component of this fruity expression reflects perceptual interactions primarily involving esters, as well as other families of aromatic molecules. In recent years, changes in the fruity expression of Bordeaux red wines, characterized by the emergence of notes of cooked and dried fruits, have been reported and correlated with climate change. Thus, technicians in the wine industry and scientists emphasize the need to take precautions to preserve the fresh fruity aroma of Bordeaux red wines. One adaptation strategy involves introducing late-ripening grape varieties selected for their potentially suitable vegetative cycle under future climatic conditions into Bordeaux vineyard. This thesis proposes a better understanding of the fruity aroma of red wines derived from Bordeaux grape varieties, as well as those cultivated around the Mediterranean basin, simulating the future climatic conditions in Bordeaux. Through sensory approaches, it has been demonstrated that Bordeaux red wines exhibit similarities with red wines derived from grape varieties grown around the Mediterranean in terms of their fruity character. A detailed characterization of the contribution of volatile compounds of interest in the perception of fruity notes has been conducted. Perceptual interactions between compounds from the monoterpene and C13 norisoprenoid families, mixed with esters, have revealed the importance of these compounds in the perception of fruity notes. Finally, the addition of these volatile compounds to a red wine shows a decrease in cooked fruit notes and an increase in fresh black-berry fruits notes. This research opens up new perspectives in oenology, such as controlling the levels of these compounds of interest through various practices, as well as the potential introduction of "new" grape varieties into Bordeaux wine blends

The article presents the results of selection of red clover in the EE BSAA under the program of TOS "Clover". The characteristics of the source material and methods for creating four varieties of red clover jointly bred by the EE BSAA and the Federal Williams fodder and agroecology research center. Directions and methods of further selection are demonstrated. The results of the assessment of the created varieties according to economically useful traits and properties in competitive and state variety trials in comparison with control varieties are presented. In total, four varieties of red clover of joint breeding were created, of which Sozh is late-ripening, TOS-870 is medium-late-ripening, GPTT-early and Verbush are early-ripening. Of all the varieties, GPTT-early turned out to be the most productive, which has been included in the state register of varieties of the Republic of Belarus since 2017 and approved for use in production conditions throughout the country. By the decision of the state inspectorate for the testing and protection of plant varieties, it has been approved since 2018 as a control in the state test of red clover being the best zoned variety. To create new varieties, the methods of chemical mutagenesis (phosphemid) and polyploidy (colchicine) are used in the EE BSAA). The created new source material is being evaluated in the breeding process nurseries.

Although there are more than 6000 plum varieties originated from different wild species from Europe, Asia and North America, there is a constant need to develop new varieties with better characteristics, tolerant/resistant to adverse environmental factors and the most important diseases, in the first place Sharka virus. In addition, one of the most important aims of plum breeding in the world is to create varieties of early and late ripening time in order to prolong the season of fresh fruits on the market as much as possible. The aim of this study was to examine the most significant pomological and productive characteristics of two domestic (ʻBorankaʼ and ʻC ačanska ranaʼ) and three introduced (ʻOpalʼ, ʻKatinkaʼ and ʻTegeraʼ) early ripening plum varieties. The most important phenological (phenophase of flowering and fruit ripening) and morphometric characteristics (fruit and stone mass, flesh percentage ratio, fruit dimensions and sphericity), as well as tree vigour (trunk cross-sectional area) and yield (yield per tree and yield efficiency) were examined.

Our study was designed to elucidate the chemical determinants of pectin cross-linking in developing fruits of apple and peach and to evaluate the role of breakage cross-linkages in swelling, softening, and cell separation during the ripening. Peaches cell walls soften and swell considerably during the ripening, whereas apples fruit cells maintain wall firmness but cells separate during late stages of ripening. We used a "double-reduction" technique to show that levels of non-methyl esters of polyuronic acid molecules were constant during the development and ripening and decreased only in overripe fruit. In peach, methyl and non-methyl esters increased during the development and decreased markedly during the ripening. Non-methyl ester linkages in both fruit decreased accompanied fruit softening. The identity of the second component of the linkage and its definitive role in the fruit softening remain elusive. In preliminary examination of isolated apples cell walls, we found that phenolic compounds accumulate early in wall development but decrease markedly during ripening. Quantitative texture analysis was used to correlate with changes to wall chemistry from the fresh-picked ripe stage to the stage during storage when the cell separation occurs. Cell wall composition is similar in all cultivars, with arabinose as the principal neutral sugar. Extensive de-branching of these highly branched arabinans pre-stages softening and cell-cell separation during over-ripening of apple. The longer 5-arabinans remain attached to the major pectic polymer rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) backbone. The degree of RG I branching, as judged from the ratios of 2-Rha:2,4-Rha, also decreases, specially after an extensive arabinan de-branching. Loss of the 4-Rham linkages correlated strongly with the softening of the fruit. Loss of the monomer or polymer linked to the RG I produce directly or indirectly the softening of the fruit. This result will help to understand the fruit softening and to have better control of the textural changes in fruit during the ripening and especially during the storage. 'Wooliness', an undesirable mealy texture that is induced during chilling of some peach cultivars, greatly reduces the fruit storage possibilities. In order to examine the hypothesis that the basis for this disorder is related to abnormality in the cell wall softening process we have carried out a comparative analysis using the resistant cultivar, Sunsnow, and a sensitive one, Hermosa. We investigated the activity of several pectin- and glycan-modifying enzymes and the expression of their genes during ripening, chilling, and subsequent shelf-life. The changes in carbohydrate status and in methyl vs. non-methyl uronate ester levels in the walls of these cultivars were examined as well to provide a basis for comparison of the relevant gene expression that may impact appearance of the wooly character. The activities of the specific polygalacturonase (PGase) and a CMC-cellulase activities are significantly elevated in walls of peaches that have become wooly. Cellulase activities correlated well with increased level of the transcript, but differential expression of PGase did not correspond with the observed pattern of mRNA accumulation. When expression of ethylene biosynthesis related genes was followed no significant differences in ACC synthase gene expression was observed in the wooly fruit while the normal activation of the ACC oxidase was partially repressed in the Hermosa wooly fruits. Normal ripening-related loss of the uronic acid-rich polymers was stalled in the wooly Hermosa inconsistent with the observed elevation in a specific PGase activity but consistent with PG gene expression. In general, analysis of the level of total esterification, degree of methyl esterification and level of non-methyl esters did not reveal any major alterations between the different fruit varieties or between normal and abnormal ripening. Some decrease in the level of uronic acids methyl esterification was observed for both Hermosa and Sunsnow undergoing ripening following storage at low temperature but not in fruits ripening after harvest. Our results support a role for imbalanced cell wall degradation as a basis for the chilling disorder. While these results do not support a role for the imbalance between PG and pectin methyl esterase (PME) activities as the basis for the disorder they suggest a possible role for imbalance between cellulose and other cell wall polymer degradation during the softening process.