Thematische Bibliographien / Large-Scales

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
  6. Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Large-Scales“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Large-Scales"

1

Raccanelli, Alvise. „Testing gravity on Large Scales“. EPJ Web of Conferences 58 (2013): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20135802013.

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2

Drinkwater, M. „Quasar clustering on large scales“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 235, Nr. 4 (01.12.1988): 1111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/235.4.1111.

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3

Maddox, S. J., G. Efstathiou, W. J. Sutherland und J. Loveday. „Galaxy correlations on large scales“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 242, Nr. 1 (01.02.1990): 43P—47P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/242.1.43p.

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4

Efstathiou, G. „Galaxy clustering on large scales.“ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 90, Nr. 11 (01.06.1993): 4859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.11.4859.

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5

Mo, H. J., und L. Z. Fang. „Quasar clustering on large scales“. Astrophysical Journal 410 (Juni 1993): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/172766.

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6

Beswick, K. M., T. W. Simpson, D. Fowler, T. W. Choularton, M. W. Gallagher, K. J. Hargreaves, M. A. Sutton und A. Kaye. „Methane emissions on large scales“. Atmospheric Environment 32, Nr. 19 (Oktober 1998): 3283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00080-6.

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7

Martínez, Vicent J. „(Non-)fractality on Large Scales“. Symposium - International Astronomical Union 201 (2005): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900216239.

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The debate about the possible smoothness of the Universe on large scales as opposed to an unbounded fractal hierarchy has been the subject of increasing interest in recent years. The controversy arises as a consequence of different statistical analyses performed on surveys of galaxy redshifts. I review the observational evidence supporting the idea that a gradual transition occurs in the galaxy distribution: from a fractal regime at small scales to large scale homogeneity.
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8

Wegner, Gary. „Gravity tested on large scales“. Nature 477, Nr. 7366 (September 2011): 541–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/477541a.

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9

Maurer, Brian A. „Ecology and Evolution at Large Scales“. Ecology 84, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2003): 3405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[3405:eaeals]2.0.co;2.

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10

RUDNICK, LAWRENCE. „OBSERVING MAGNETIC FIELDS ON LARGE SCALES“. Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society 37, Nr. 5 (01.12.2004): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5303/jkas.2004.37.5.329.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Large-Scales"

1

Drinkwater, Michael John. „Quasar clustering on large scales“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330222.

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2

Frith, William James. „The clustering of galaxies on large scales“. Thesis, Durham University, 2005. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2390/.

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We investigate the local large-scale structure of the Universe, addressing various possible issues confronting the ACDM paradigm. Primarily, we investigate the clustering statistics of the newly-completed 2 Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), the largest all sky galaxy survey to date.The 2MASS galaxy number counts over the ͌ 4000 deg(^2) APM survey area are found to be low compared to predictions but are in good agreement with previous optical results. Surprisingly, the number counts over almost the entire sky ([b] >20 ͌ 27000 deg(^2) ) are also deficient compared to our predictions. These results do not appear to be significantly affected by systematic errors. Assuming a ACDM cosmology, the observed deficiencies in the APM survey area and for [b] >20 represent ͌ 2.5σ and ͌ 4.0σ fluctuations in the local galaxy distribution respectively. These results are therefore potentially at odds with the form of clustering expected on large scales. We examine the form of galaxy clustering to Ṯ < 1000 h (^-1) Mpc scales using the 2MASS angular power spectrum. We find a 3σ excess over mock ACDM results; however this is not enough to account for the observed number counts mentioned above. We determine the implied cosmological constraints; the 2MASS galaxy angular power spectrum is, in fact, in strong support of ACDM, with a measured power spectrum shape of Γ (_eff) = 0.14±0.02. In addition, we determine a K(_8)-band galaxy bias of b(_K) = 1.39 ± 0.12.We determine high-order correlation functions of the 2MASS galaxy sample to extremely large scales (Ṯ < 1000 h (^-1)). The results are in strong support of Gaussian initial conditions and hierarchical clustering; we reject primordial strong non-Gaussianity at the ͌ 2.5σ confidence level. Unlike all previous such analyses, our results are relatively robust to the removal of large superclusters from the sample. We also measure a K(_8)-band quadratic galaxy bias of c(_2) = 0.57 ± 0.33. This result differs significantly from previous negative constraints; we discuss a possible explanation for this apparent discrepancy. Finally, we examine the extent of possible Sunyaev-Zeldovich contamination in the first year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data using various foreground galaxy cluster catalogues. We find evidence suggesting that the associated temperature decrements extend to > 1 scales. Such a result would indicate a much higher baryon density than the concordance value; in addition, CMB power spectrum fits and the associated cosmological constraints would also be compromised.
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Carmona, Loaiza Juan Manuel. „AGN fuelling: bridging large and small scales“. Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/3887.

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One of the biggest challenges in understanding the fuelling of supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is not on accounting for the source of fuel, as a galaxy can comfortably supply the required mass budget, but on its actual delivery. While a clear picture has been developed for the large scale (~ kpc) down to the intermediate one (~ 100 pc), and for the smallest scales (~ 0.1 pc) where an accretion disc likely forms, a bridge that has proven difficult to build is that between ~ 100 pc and ~ 0.1 pc. It is feared that gas at these scales might still retain enough angular momentum and settle into a larger scale disc with very low or no inflow to form or replenish the inner accretion disc (on ~ 0.01 pc scales). In this Thesis, we present numerical simulations in which a rotating gaseous shell flows towards a SMBH because of its lack of rotational support. As inflow proceeds, gas from the shell impacts an already present nuclear (~ 10pc) disc. The cancellation of angular momentum and redistribution of gas, due to the misalignment between the angular momentum of the shell and that of the disc, is studied in this scenario. The underlying hypothesis is that even if transport of angular momentum at these scales may be inefficient, the interaction of an inflow with a nuclear disc would still provide a mechanism to bring mass inwards because of the cancellation of angular momentum. We quantify the amount of gas such a cancellation would bring to the central parsec under different circumstances: Co- and counter-rotation between the disc and the shell and the presence or absence of an initial turbulent kick; we also discuss the impact of self gravity in our simulations. The scenario we study is highly idealized and designed to capture the specific outcomes produced by the mechanism proposed. We find that angular momentum cancellation and redistribution via hydrodynamical shocks leads to sub-pc inflows enhanced by more than 2-3 orders of magnitude. In all of our simulations, the gas inflow rate across the inner parsec is higher than in the absence of the interaction. Gas mixing changes the orientation of the nuclear disc as the interaction proceeds until warped discs or nested misaligned rings form as relic structures. The amount of inflow depends mainly on the spin orientation of the shell relative to the disc, while the relic warped disc structure depends mostly on the turbulent kick given to the gaseous shell in the initial conditions. The main conclusion of this Thesis is that actual cancellation of angular momentum within galactic nuclei can have a significant impact on feeding super massive black holes. Such cancellation by inflowdisc interactions would leave warped 10 - 20 pc discs as remnants.
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Feldman, Richard. „Toward a theory of abundance at large spatial scales“. Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104707.

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Fundamentally, ecology is the study of the diversity, distribution, and abundance of organisms. Recent advances in technology coupled with expanding research goals have lead to studies of how the first two of these properties vary over large spatial scales. There has been relatively few cases documenting large scale spatial variation in abundance and very little theoretical development explaining such variation. Yet a general pattern exists: a species is abundant in very few places and rare in most places in its range. Current theory suggests that such a pattern of abundance reflects underlying spatial variation in the environment. In this thesis, I used observational, experimental, theoretical, and statistical approaches to test the type of environmental variation and how such environmental variation combines with interspecific competition to generate spatial variation in abundance. For two species of hummingbirds, I found that different environmental factors related to abundance than to occupancy. Interspecific competition altered spatial variation in abundance in different ways depending on the niche differences among competing species. Interspecific competition also mediated the effect of the environment on abundance by influencing the relative costs and benefits of different hummingbird foraging strategies. I also found that abundance data can be used to predict species' response to climate change because statistical models minimize the noise inherent in abundance datasets. Despite my findings, a theory of abundance is still in its infancy. It is not known whether there is generality in the number and identity of large scale environmental gradients that affect abundance. Similarly, more work needs to be done connecting the small scale interplay between environment, species traits, behaviour, and competition to a broader geographic context. There are also dispersal and non-niche based approaches to spatial variation in abundance that need to be reconciled with current theory. In this way, a more general theory relating macroevolutionary dynamics to macroecological patterns can be developed.
L'écologie est l'étude de la diversité, des distributions et des abondances des organismes vivants. Les avancées technologiques récentes couplées à une expansion des objets de recherche ont permis à une étude approfondie de la variation de ces deux premières propriétés sur de très grandes échelles spatiales. Les variations en abondance sont, quant à elles, peu documentées aux grandes échelles spatiales et les développements théoriques correspondant restent limités. Il existe pourtant un pattern prévalent : une espèce donnée est généralement abondante dans une partie extrêmement réduite de sa zone géographique et rare partout ailleurs. Cette observation est aujourd'hui communément expliquée par une variation environnementale sous-jacente. Cette thèse s'appuie sur des approches à la fois empiriques et expérimentales, statistiques et théoriques pour tester le type de variation environnementale ainsi que les interactions entre environnement et compétition interspécifique pouvant générer les variations spatiales en abondances observées. Il est montré que présence-absence et abondance sont affectées par des facteurs environnementaux distincts. Il apparaît en outre que l'effet de la compétition interspécifique dépend des différences de niches entre espèces et module l'impact de l'environnement sur l'abondance en modifiant des coûts et bénéfices relatifs des différentes stratégies d'acquisition des ressources. Finalement, la possibilité de prédire les réponses aux changements climatiques grâce aux données d'abondance et à des modèles statistiques minimisant le bruit inhérent à ce type de données est démontrée. Pour autant, une véritable théorie des distributions d'abondance reste à développer. Le nombre, et a fortiori l'identité, des gradients environnements affectant les abondances à grande échelle spatiale sont encore mal connus. Un effort de recherche considérable est ainsi nécessaire pour améliorer la compréhension du lien entre phénomènes locaux, dont l'interaction entre environnement, traits, comportement et compétition, et patterns à grandes échelles. Par ailleurs, l'unification entre approches basées sur la dispersion, négligeant les différences de niches, avec la théorie actuelle doit encore être accomplie pour qu'une véritable théorie générale des dynamiques macro-évolutive et patterns macro-écologiques puisse voir le jour.
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Javanmardi, Behnam [Verfasser]. „Cosmological Investigations On Large And Small Scales / Behnam Javanmardi“. Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130704599/34.

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Robinson, Mark. „Accessing large length and time scales with density functional theory“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609128.

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7

Pujol, Vallribera Arnau. „Cosmology with galaxy surveys: how galaxies trace mass at large scales“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385515.

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Els cartografiats galàctics són una eina important per la cosmologia. No obstant això, la majoria de la matèria està en forma de matèria fosca, que no interacciona amb la llum. Per tant, les galàxies que observem des dels nostres telescopis són una petita fracció de la matèria total de l'univers. Per això és necessari entendre la connexió entre galàxies i matèria fosca per tal d'inferir la distribució de tota la matèria de l'univers a partir dels cartografiats galàctics. Les simulacions són una eina important per a predir la formació i evolució de les estructures de matèria fosca i galàxies. Les simulacions permeten estudiar l'impacte de diferents cosmologies i models de formació de galàxies en les estructures a gran escala finals que formen les galàxies i la matèria. A gran escala, les fluctuacions de densitat de galàxies a gran escala són proporcionals a les fluctuacions de matèria per un factor anomenat bias galàctic. Aquest factor permet inferir la distribució de matèria total a partir de la distribució de galàxies, i per tant el coneixement del bias galàctic té un impacte molt important en els nostres estudis cosmològics. Aquesta tesi doctoral està focalitzada en l'estudi del bias galàctic i el bias d'halos a grans escales. Hi ha diferents tècniques per a estudiar el bias galàctic, en aquesta tesi ens focalitzem en dues d'elles. La primera tècnica utilitza l'anomendat Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD), que assumeix que les galàxies poblen halos de matèria fosca només segons la massa dels halos. No obstant això, aquesta hipòtesi no sempre és suficientment precisa. Utilitzem la simulació Millennium per a estudiar el bias galàctic i d'halos, la dependència en la massa del bias d'halos i els seus efectes en les prediccions del bias galàctic. Trobem que l'ocupació de galàxies en halos no depèn només de la seva massa, i assumir això causa un error en la predicció del bias galàctic. També estudiem la dependència del bias d'halos en l'ambient, i mostrem que l'ambient restringeix molt més el bias que la massa. Quan un conjunt de galàxies és seleccionat per propietats que estan correlacionades amb l'ambient, l'assumpció de que el bias d'halos només depèn de la massa falla. Mostrem que en aquests casos utilitzant la dependència en l'ambient del bias d'halos produeix una predicció del bias galàctic molt més bona. Una altra tècnica per estudiar el bias galàctic és utilitzant Weak gravitational lensing per mesurar directament la massa en observacions. Weak lensing és el camp que estudia les distorsions lleus en les imatges de les galàxies degut a la deflexió de la llum produïda per la distribució de matèria del davant de la galàxia. Aquestes distorsions permeten inferir la distribució a gran escala de la matèria total. Desenvolupem i estudiem un nou mètode per mesurar el bias galàctic a partir de la combinació dels mapes de weak lensing i el camp de distribució de galàxies. El mètode consisteix en reconstruïr el mapa de weak lensing a partir de la distribució de les galàxies de davant del mapa. El bias és mesurat a partir de les correlacions entre el mapa de weak lensing reconstruït i el real. Testegem diferents sistemàtics del mètode i estudiem en quins règims el mètode és consistent amb altres mètodes per mesurar el bias lineal. Trobem que podem mesurar el bias galàctic utilitzant aquesta tècnica. Aquest mètode és un bon complement d'altres mètodes per mesurar el bias galàctic, perquè utilitza assumpcions diferents. Juntes, les diferents tècniques per mesurar el bias galàctic permetran restringir millor el bias galàctic i la cosmologia en els futurs cartografiats galàctics.
Galaxy surveys are an important tool for cosmology. The distribution of galaxies allow us to study the formation of structures and their evolution, which are needed ingredients to study the evolution and content of the Universe. However, most of the matter is made of dark matter, which gravitates but does not interact with light. Hence, the galaxies that we observe from our telescopes only represent a small fraction of the total mass of the Universe. Because of this, we need to understand the connection between galaxies and dark matter in order to infer the total mass distribution of the Universe from galaxy surveys. Simulations are an important tool to predict the structure formation and evolution of dark matter and galaxy formation. Simulations allow us to study the impact of different cosmologies and galaxy formation models on the final large scale structures that galaxies and matter form. Simulations are also useful to calibrate our tools before applying them to real surveys. At large scales, galaxies trace the matter distribution. In particular, the galaxy density fluctuations at large scales are proportional to the underlying matter fluctuations by a factor that is called galaxy bias. This factor allows us to infer the total matter distribution from the distribution of galaxies, and hence knowledge of galaxy bias has a very important impact on our cosmological studies. This PhD thesis is focused on the study of galaxy and halo bias at large scales. There are several techniques to study galaxy bias, here we focus on two of them. The first technique is the Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) model, that assumes that galaxies populate dark matter haloes depending only on the halo mass. With this hypothesis and a halo bias model, we can relate galaxy clustering with matter clustering and halo occupation. However, this hypothesis is not always accurate enough. We use the Millennium Simulation to study galaxy and halo bias, the halo mass dependence of halo bias, and its effects on galaxy bias prediction. We find that the halo occupation of galaxies does not only depend on mass, and assuming so causes an error in the galaxy bias predictions. We also study the environmental dependence of halo bias, and we show that environment constrains much more bias than mass. When a galaxy sample is selected by properties that are correlated with environment, the assumption that halo bias only depends on mass fails. We show that in these cases using the environmental dependence of halo bias produces a much better prediction of galaxy bias. Another technique to study galaxy bias is by using weak gravitational lensing to directly measure mass. Weak lensing is the field that studies the weak image distortions of galaxies due to the light deflections produced by the presence of a foreground mass distribution. Theses distortions can be used to infer the total mass (baryonic and dark) distribution at large scales. We develop and study a new method to measure bias from the combination of weak lensing and galaxy density fields. The method consists on reconstructing the weak lensing maps from the distribution of the foreground galaxies. Bias is then measured from the correlations between the reconstructed and real weak lensing fields. We test the different systematics of the method and the regimes where this method is consistent with other methods to measure linear bias. We find that we can measure galaxy bias using this technique. This method is a good complement to other methods to measure bias because it uses different assumptions. Together the different techniques will allow to constrain better bias and cosmology in future surveys.
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Vanneste, Sylvain. „Constraints on primordial gravitational waves from the large scales CMB data“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS314/document.

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Cette thèse s’articule autour du développement d'outils d’analyse des modes B du fond diffus cosmologique (CMB) dans le but d'estimer l’amplitude des ondes gravitationnelles primordiales produites durant la période inflationnaire.Nous nous intéressons plus précisément aux grandes échelles angulaires, pour lesquelles le signal attendu des modes B primordiaux est dominant. Ces échelles étant particulièrement contaminées par des émissions polarisées galactiques, nous avons étudié et développé des méthodes permettant de réduire ces contaminations et de caractériser les résidus. Ces outils peuvent être utilisés pour analyser les données des satellites tels que Planck ou LiteBIRD. Afin de quantifier l’amplitude des modes B, nous avons développé et caractérisé un estimateur de spectre en puissance des anisotropies du CMB. Celui-ci s’exécute dans l'espace des pixels et permet de croiser des cartes mesurées par différent détecteurs. La méthode est optimale, et minimise les fuites de variance des modes E vers les modes B.Nous avons appliqué les méthodes de nettoyage et d’estimation de spectre aux cartes de données et de simulations en polarisation fournies publiquement par Planck. Nos contraintes sur la comportement spectral de la poussière et du rayonnement synchrotron galactique sont en accord avec les analyses précédentes. Enfin, nous avons pu déduire une limite supérieure sur l’amplitude des ondes gravitationnelles primordiales
This thesis focuses on the development of analysis tools of the primordial B modes of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Our goal is to extract the amplitude of the primordial gravitational waves produced during the inflationary period.Specifically, we are interested in the large angular scales, for which the primary B modes signal is expected to be dominant. Since these scales are particularly contaminated by polarised galactic emissions, we have studied and developed approaches to reduce those contaminations and to characterise their residuals. Those methods are applicable to satellite missions such as Planck or LiteBIRD.In order to estimate the B modes amplitude, we developed and characterised a CMB anisotropies power spectrum estimator. The algorithm is pixels-based and allows to cross-correlate maps measured by different detectors. The method is optimal and minimises the E-to-B variance leakage.We applied the cleaning and spectrum estimation approaches to the polarisation data and simulation maps publicly provided by Planck. The constraints that we deduce are in agreement with past analysis. Ultimately, we derive an upper limit on the primordial gravitational waves amplitude
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Monroe, Emy M. „Population Genetics and Phylogeography of Two Large-River Freshwater Mussel Species at Large and Small Spatial Scales“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1218129323.

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Mohammed, Abdulwasey. „Scaling up of peatland methane emission hotspots from small to large scales“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15772.

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Methane is an important greenhouse gas that is relatively long-lived in the atmosphere, and wetlands are a major natural source of atmospheric methane. Methane emissions from wetlands are variable across both space and time at scales ranging from meters to continents and a comprehensive accounting of wetland methane efflux is critical for quantifying the atmospheric methane balance. Major uncertainties in quantifying methane efflux arise when measuring and modelling its physical and biological determinants, including water table depth, microtopography, soil temperature, the distribution of aerenchymous vegetation, and the distribution of mosses. Further complications arise with the nonlinear interaction between flux and derivers in highly-heterogeneous wetland landscape. A possible solution for quantifying wetland methane efflux at multiple scales in space (‘upscaling’) is repeated observations using remote sensing technology to acquire information about the land surface across time, space, and spectra. These scaling issues must be resolved to progress in our understanding of the role of wetlands in the global atmospheric methane budget from peatlands. In this thesis, data collected from multiple aircraft and satellite-based remote sensing platforms were investigated to characterize the fine scale spatial heterogeneity of a peatland in southwestern Scotland for the purpose of developing techniques for quantifying (‘upscaling’) methane efflux at multiple scales and space. Seasonal variation in pools such as expansion and contraction was simulated with the LiDAR data to investigate the expansion and contraction of the lakes and pools that could give an idea of increase or decrease in methane emissions. Concepts from information theory applied on the different data sets also revealed the relative loss in some features on peatland surface and relative gain on others and find a natural application for reducing bias in multi-scale spatial classification as well as quantifying the length scales (or scales) at which important surface features for methane fluxes are lost. Results from the wavelet analysis demonstrated the preservation of fine scale heterogeneity up to certain length scale and the pattern on peatland surface was preserved. Variogram techniques were also tested to determine sample size, range and orientation in the data set. All the above has implications on estimating methane budget from the peatland landscape and could reduce the bias in the overall flux estimates. All the methods used can also be applied to contrasting sites.
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Bücher zum Thema "Large-Scales"

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A, Skjeltorp, Vicsek Tamás, NATO Advanced Study Institute, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. und NATO Advanced Study Institute on Complexity from Microscopic to Macroscopic Scales, Coherence and Large Deviations (2001 : Geilo, Norway), Hrsg. Complexity from microscopic to macroscopic scales: Coherence and large deviations. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2002.

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Skjeltorp, A. T., und T. Vicsek, Hrsg. Complexity from Microscopic to Macroscopic Scales: Coherence and Large Deviations. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0419-0.

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Skjeltorp, A. T. Complexity from Microscopic to Macroscopic Scales: Coherence and Large Deviations. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002.

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4

Jianguo, Wu, Bradford David F und Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (Las Vegas, Nev.), Hrsg. Stressor data sets for studying species diversity at large spatial scales. Las Vegas, NV: Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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5

Wynn-Grant, Rae Jackson. Using Anthropogenic Parameters at Multiple Scales to Inform Conservation and Management of a Large Carnivore. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2015.

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6

Kawamura, Ryuichi. Large-scale air-sea interactions in the tropical western Pacific on interannual and intraseasonal time scales. Tsukuba, Japan: Environmental Research Center, the University of Tsukuba, 1990.

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Kawamura, Ryuichi. Large-scale air-sea interactions in the tropical western Pacific on interannual and intraseasonal time scales. Ibaraki: Environmental Research Centre. University of Tsukuba, 1990.

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Survey, United States Geological. Large-scale mapping guidelines. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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Survey, United States Geological. Large-scale mapping guidelines. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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United States Geological Survey. Large-scale mapping guidelines. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Large-Scales"

1

Mory, Mathieu. „Large Scales in Turbulence“. In Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineering, 139–70. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118617175.ch8.

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Armstrong, Scott, Tuomo Kuusi und Jean-Christophe Mourrat. „Regularity on Large Scales“. In Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, 67–121. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15545-2_3.

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Krause, F. „Dynamo Excitation in Very Large Scales“. In Interstellar Magnetic Fields, 8–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72621-7_2.

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Laing, R. A. „Large-Scale Structure: Jets on Kiloparsec Scales“. In Extragalactic Radio Sources, 147–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0295-4_58.

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Elmegreen, Bruce G. „Star Formation from Large to Small Scales“. In The Evolution of Galaxies, 83–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3311-3_10.

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Walters, Carl. „Adaptive Policy Design: Thinking at Large Spatial Scales“. In Wildlife and Landscape Ecology, 386–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1918-7_16.

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Doroshkevich, A. G. „The Structure of the Universe on Large Scales“. In Observational Tests of Cosmological Inflation, 327–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3510-8_33.

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Schulson, E. M. „Fracture of Ice on Scales Large and Small“. In IUTAM Symposium on Scaling Laws in Ice Mechanics and Ice Dynamics, 161–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9735-7_14.

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Sharon, Eran, und Michal Sahaf. „The Mechanics of Leaf Growth on Large Scales“. In Plant Biomechanics, 109–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79099-2_5.

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Palous, Jan, Pavel Jachym und Sona Ehlerova. „Triggered Star Formation: From Large to Small Scales“. In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 251–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2862-5_22.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Large-Scales"

1

Bridle, Alan H. „Jets on large scales“. In Testing the AGN paradigm diagnostics. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.42256.

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Raimbault, Juste, und Julien Perret. „Generating urban morphologies at large scales“. In The 2019 Conference on Artificial Life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00159.

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Raimbault, Juste, und Julien Perret. „Generating urban morphologies at large scales“. In The 2019 Conference on Artificial Life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00159.xml.

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Bordas, Pol. „Jet/medium interactions at large-scales“. In 8th INTEGRAL Workshop “The Restless Gamma-ray Universe”. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.115.0059.

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FLIN, P., K. BAJAN und W. GODLOWSKI. „SYMMETRIES IN THE UNIVERSE AT LARGE SCALES“. In Proceedings of the Second International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777850_0039.

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HOGG, JOHN T. „MATING SYSTEMS AND CONSERVATION AT LARGE SPATIAL SCALES“. In Proceedings of the 14th Course of the International School of Ethology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812793584_0010.

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Babanin, Alexander V. „Wave-Induced Turbulence, Linking Metocean and Large Scales“. In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18373.

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Abstract Until recently, large-scale models did not explicitly take account of ocean surface waves which are a process of much smaller scales. However, it is rapidly becoming clear that many large-scale geophysical processes are essentially coupled with the surface waves, and those include ocean circulation, weather, Tropical Cyclones and polar sea ice in both Hemispheres, climate and other phenomena in the atmosphere, at air/sea, sea/ice and sea/land interface, and many issues of the upper-ocean mixing below the surface. Besides, the wind-wave climate itself experiences large-scale trends and fluctuations, and can serve as an indicator for changes in the weather climate. In the presentation, we will discuss wave influences at scales from turbulence to climate, on the atmospheric and oceanic sides. At the atmospheric side of the interface, the air-sea coupling is usually described by means of the drag coefficient Cd, which is parameterised in terms of the wind speed, but the scatter of experimental data with respect to such dependences is very significant and has not improved noticeably over some 40 years. It is argued that the scatter is due to multiple mechanisms which contribute into the sea drag, many of them are due to surface waves and cannot be accounted for unless the waves are explicitly known. The Cd concept invokes the assumption of constant-flux layer, which is also employed for vertical profiling of the wind measured at some elevation near the ocean surface. The surface waves, however, modify the balance of turbulent stresses very near the surface, and therefore such extrapolations can introduce significant biases. This is particularly essential for buoy measurements in extreme conditions, when the anemometer mast is within the Wave Boundary Layer (WBL) or even below the wave crests. In this presentation, field data and a WBL model are used to investigate such biases. It is shown that near the surface the turbulent fluxes are less than those obtained by extrapolation using the logarithmic-layer assumption, and the mean wind speeds very near the surface, based on Lake George field observations, are up to 5% larger. The dynamics is then simulated by means of a WBL model coupled with nonlinear waves, which revealed further details of complex behaviours at wind-wave boundary layer. Furthermore, we analyse the structure of WBL for strong winds (U10 &gt; 20 m/s) based on field observations. We used vertical distribution of wind speed and momentum flux measured in Topical Cyclone Olwyn (April 2015) in the North-West shelf of Australia. A well-established layer of constant stress is observed. The values obtained for u⁎ from the logarithmic profile law against u⁎ from turbulence measurements (eddy correlation method) differ significantly as wind speed increases. Among wave-induced influences at the ocean side, the ocean mixing is most important. Until recently, turbulence produced by the orbital motion of surface waves was not accounted for, and this fact limits performance of the models for the upper-ocean circulation and ultimately large-scale air-sea interactions. While the role of breaking waves in producing turbulence is well appreciated, such turbulence is only injected under the interface at the vertical scale of wave height. The wave-orbital turbulence is depth-distributed at the scale of wavelength (∼10 times the wave height) and thus can mix through the ocean thermocline in the spring-summer seasons. Such mixing then produces feedback to the large-scale processes, from weather to climate. In order to account for the wave-turbulence effects, large-scale air-sea interaction models need to be coupled with wave models. Theory and practical applications for the wave-induced turbulence will be reviewed in the presentation. These include viscous and instability theories of wave turbulence, direct numerical simulations and laboratory experiments, field and remote sensing observations and validations, and finally implementations in ocean, Tropical Cyclone, ocean and ice models. As a specific example of a wave-coupled environment, the wave climate in the Arctic as observed by altimeters will be presented. This is an important topic for the Arctic Seas, which are opening from ice in summer time. Challenges, however, are many as their Metocean environment is more complicated and, in addition to winds and waves, requires knowledge and understanding of ice material properties and its trends. On one hand, no traditional statistical approach is possible since in the past for most of the Arctic Ocean there was limited wave activity. Extrapolations of the current trends into the future are not feasible, because ice cover and wind patterns in the Arctic are changing. On the other hand, information on the mean and extreme wave properties is of great importance for oceanographic, meteorological, climate, naval and maritime applications in the Arctic Seas.
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Klein, Uta. „New Physics at Large Scales at an LHeC“. In Proceedings of the XVII International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Topics. Amsterdam: Science Wise Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3360/dis.2009.221.

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Siregar, Edouard, und Melvyn L. Goldstein. „A model for cyclotron interaction effects on large scales“. In Proceedings of the eigth international solar wind conference: Solar wind eight. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51458.

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„Learning by stimulation avoidance scales to large neural networks“. In ECAL 2017, the Fourteenth European Conference on Artificial Life. MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_048.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Large-Scales"

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Daniel, Don, und Daniel Livescu. Generating isotropic turbulence using a novel large scales forcing scheme. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1337056.

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Fiedler, Lenz, Normand Modine, Steve Schmerler, Dayton Vogel, Gabriel Popoola, Aidan Thompson, Sivasankaran Rajamanickam und Attila Cangi. Predicting the Electronic Structure of Matter on Ultra-Large Scales. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1895024.

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Schulson, Erland M. The Compressive Failure of Cracked Ice on Scales Large and Small. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394896.

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Kinser, Ryan, Mark Barkey, Timothy Rushing, Abby Cisko, Lyan Garcia, Paul Allison und J. Jordon. Computationally efficient modeling of lightweight expeditionary airfield surfacing systems at large length scales. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Februar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48266.

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Expeditionary airfield matting systems are lightweight, portable surfaces that enable the rapid deployment of infrastructure to support aircraft operations. Individual matting components are assembled via interlocking joints to construct arrays that serve as temporary aircraft operating surfaces. The paper outlines the homogenization of the AM2 portable airfield matting system and its interlocking mechanisms to permit computationally efficient analyses toward understanding mechanisms that influence the global behavior of these arrays and underlying subgrade during aircraft maneuvers. An equivalent orthotropic two-dimensional continuum was developed from finite element analysis of a detailed three-dimensional model and its flexural behavior was validated against experimental data and solid finite element models. Interlocking joints were characterized using node-to-node connector elements based on subscale finite element studies. Both components were implemented into a full-scale model representative of a typical test section, and responses to static high tire pressure aircraft loads were analyzed over a soil foundation representing a California bearing ratio of 6%, yielding promising agreement with experimental data. Results of this study reveal an inherent coupling between load transfer, mat deflection, and near-surface subgrade stress with dependence on tire location, mat core shear flexibility, and joint stiffness.
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Speich, Sabrina. Development of targeted indicators and their uncertainties for demonstrators and Forecasts. EuroSea, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d2.4.

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This deliverable reports on the achievements of the EuroSea project in developing targeted indicators co-designed with demonstrators (WPs 5–7) and forecasts (WP4). For this, the indicators implemented are expressed in term of Essential Ocean/Climate Variables (EOVs/ECVs) together with their requirements. The co-development undertaken address ocean indicators for all range of scales: from the large, basin scale to the regional and local scales. Such approach as well as the proposed solution to focus, at regional/local scales, on EEZs, represent one of the innovative results of EuroSea that will help to rationalize risks assessments and guide environmental management approaches in European Seas.
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Rubio-Codina, Marta, María Caridad Araujo, Orazio P. Attanasio und Sally Grantham-McGregor. Concurrent Validity and Feasibility of Short Tests Currently Used to Measure Early Childhood Development in Large Scale Studies: Methodology and Results. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012283.

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In low- and middle-income countries (LIMCs) measuring early childhood development (ECD) with standard tests in large scale surveys (i.e. evaluations of interventions) is difficult and expensive. Multi-dimensional screeners and single-domain tests ('short tests') are frequentlyused as alternatives. However, their validity in these circumstances is unknown. We examine the feasibility, reliability, and concurrent validity of three multi-dimensional screeners -the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3), the Denver Developmental Screening Test (Denver-II), the Battelle Developmental Inventory screener (BDI-2) -and two single-domain tests- the MacArthur-Bates Short-Forms (SFI and SFII) and the WHO Motor Milestones (WHO-Motor)-in 1,311 children 6-42 months in Bogota, Colombia. We compare scores on these short tests to those on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III), which we take as the 'gold standard'. The Bayley-III was given at a center by psychologists; whereas the short tests were administered in the home by interviewers, as in a survey setting. Concurrent validity of the multi-dimensional tests' cognitive, language, and fine motor scales with the corresponding Bayley-III scale is low below 19 months but increases with age, becoming moderate-to-high over 30 months. In contrast, gross motor scales' concurrence is high under 19 months and then decreases. Of the single-domain tests, the WHO-Motor has high validity with gross motor under 16 months, and the SFI and SFII expressive scales show moderate correlations with language under 30 months. Overall, the Denver-II seems the most feasible and valid multi-dimensional test and the ASQ-3 performs poorly under 31 months. By domain, gross motor development has the highest concurrence below 19 months, and language above. Results do not vary by household socio-economic status. Predictive validity investigation is nonetheless needed to further guide the choice of instruments for large scale studies.
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Matsui, Hiroshi. Programmed Nanomaterial Assemblies in Large Scales: Applications of Synthetic and Genetically- Engineered Peptides to Bridge Nano-Assemblies and Macro-Assemblies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1154947.

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Aursjø, Olav, Aksel Hiorth, Alexey Khrulenko und Oddbjørn Mathias Nødland. Polymer flooding: Simulation Upscaling Workflow. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.203.

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There are many issues to consider when implementing polymer flooding offshore. On the practical side one must handle large volumes of polymer in a cost-efficient manner, and it is crucial that the injected polymer solutions maintain their desired rheological properties during transit from surface facilities and into the reservoir. On the other hand, to predict polymer flow in the reservoir, one must conduct simulations to find out which of the mechanisms observed at the pore and core scales are important for field behavior. This report focuses on theoretical aspects relevant for upscaling of polymer flooding. To this end, several numerical tools have been developed. In principle, the range of length scales covered by these tools is extremely wide: from the nm (10-9 m) to the mm (10-3 m) range, all the way up to the m and km range. However, practical limitations require the use of other tools as well, as described in the following paragraphs. The simulator BADChIMP is a pore-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver based on the Lattice Boltzmann method. At the pore scale, fluid flow is described by classical laws of nature. To a large extent, pore scale simulations can therefore be viewed as numerical experiments, and they have great potential to foster understanding of the detailed physics of polymer flooding. While valid across length scales, pore scale models require a high numerical resolution, and, subsequently, large computational resources. To model laboratory experiments, the NIORC has, through project 1.1.1 DOUCS, developed IORCoreSim. This simulator includes a comprehensive model for polymer rheological behavior (Lohne A. , Stavland, Åsen, Aursjø, & Hiorth, 2021). The model is valid at all continuum scales; however, the simulator implementation is not able to handle very large field cases, only smaller sector scale systems. To capture polymer behavior at the full field scale, simulators designed for that specific purpose must be used. One practical problem is therefore: How can we utilize the state-of-the-art polymer model, only found in IORCoreSim, as a tool to decrease the uncertainty in full field forecasts? To address this question, we suggest several strategies for how to combine different numerical tools. In the Methodological Approach section, we briefly discuss the more general issue of linking different scales and simulators. In the Validation section, we present two case studies demonstrating the proposed strategies and workflows.
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Zhang, Renduo, und David Russo. Scale-dependency and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587220.bard.

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Water resources assessment and protection requires quantitative descriptions of field-scale water flow and contaminant transport through the subsurface, which, in turn, require reliable information about soil hydraulic properties. However, much is still unknown concerning hydraulic properties and flow behavior in heterogeneous soils. Especially, relationships of hydraulic properties changing with measured scales are poorly understood. Soil hydraulic properties are usually measured at a small scale and used for quantifying flow and transport in large scales, which causes misleading results. Therefore, determination of scale-dependent and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties provides the essential information for quantifying water flow and chemical transport through the subsurface, which are the key processes for detection of potential agricultural/industrial contaminants, reduction of agricultural chemical movement, improvement of soil and water quality, and increase of agricultural productivity. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales at large fields; 2. to develop scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties; and 3. to determine spatial variability and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties as a function of measurement scales. The US investigators conducted field and lab experiments to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales. Based on the field and lab experiments, a well-structured database of soil physical and hydraulic properties was developed. The database was used to study scale-dependency, spatial variability, and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties. An improved method was developed for calculating hydraulic properties based on infiltration data from the disc infiltrometer. Compared with the other methods, the proposed method provided more accurate and stable estimations of the hydraulic conductivity and macroscopic capillary length, using infiltration data collected atshort experiment periods. We also developed scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties using the fractal and geostatistical characterization. The research effort of the Israeli research team concentrates on tasks along the second objective. The main accomplishment of this effort is that we succeed to derive first-order, upscaled (block effective) conductivity tensor, K'ᵢⱼ, and time-dependent dispersion tensor, D'ᵢⱼ, i,j=1,2,3, for steady-state flow in three-dimensional, partially saturated, heterogeneous formations, for length-scales comparable with those of the formation heterogeneity. Numerical simulations designed to test the applicability of the upscaling methodology to more general situations involving complex, transient flow regimes originating from periodic rain/irrigation events and water uptake by plant roots suggested that even in this complicated case, the upscaling methodology essentially compensated for the loss of sub-grid-scale variations of the velocity field caused by coarse discretization of the flow domain. These results have significant implications with respect to the development of field-scale solute transport models capable of simulating complex real-world scenarios in the subsurface, and, in turn, are essential for the assessment of the threat posed by contamination from agricultural and/or industrial sources.
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Riley, Brad. Scaling up: Renewable energy on Aboriginal lands in north west Australia. Nulungu Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/nrp/2021.6.

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This paper examines renewable energy developments on Aboriginal lands in North-West Western Australia at three scales. It first examines the literature developing in relation to large scale renewable energy projects and the Native Title Act (1993)Cwlth. It then looks to the history of small community scale standalone systems. Finally, it examines locally adapted approaches to benefit sharing in remote utility owned networks. In doing so this paper foregrounds the importance of Aboriginal agency. It identifies Aboriginal decision making and economic inclusion as being key to policy and project development in the 'scaling up' of a transition to renewable energy resources in the North-West.
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