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Mohajan, Devajit, und Haradhan Kumar Mohajan. „A Study on Nonlinear Budget Constraint of a Local Industrial Firm of Bangladesh: A Profit Maximization Investigation“. Law and Economy 2, Nr. 5 (Mai 2023): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/le.2023.05.04.
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Every local or global firm expects to achieve maximum profit for its survival in sustainable economic environment. This article considers that a local industrial firm of Bangladesh has achieved maximum profit during its total operation. So that this study directly tries to calculate maximum profit and also Lagrange multiplier for profit maximization investigation by the consideration of nonlinear budget constraint. In this study Cobb-Douglas production function is considered as profit function to operate mathematical procedures. Method of Lagrange multiplier is also applied here to obtain accurate results.
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Museve, Elijah, Philip Mulama Nyangweso und Joel Tenai. „RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BOARD CHARACTERISTICS AND FIRM FINANCIAL DIVERSIFICATION (GEOGRAPHIC SALES) AMONG LISTED FIRMS ON NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE, KENYA: STATIC PANEL APPROACH“. American Journal of Finance 2, Nr. 7 (23.01.2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajf.314.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between board characteristics and firm financial diversification (geographic sales) among listed firms on Nairobi securities exchange, Kenya: static panel approach.Methodology: Fisher and Levin-Lin-Chu tests were used to test the presence of unit root in the series under study. Hadri residual-based Lagrange multiplier test was used to determine the feasible model.Results: Results revealed existence of positive and significant relationship between interlock directorship and geographic diversification as positive and significant directors’ remuneration had a negative and significant effect on firm’s geographic sales, while operational risk negatively varied with geographic sales Agency Theory, free cash flow hypothesis Resource Based view theory provided theoretical framework. Directors’ remuneration negatively impacted geographic sales but did not explain diversification in relation to national sales. This study affirmed the managerial heuristics as determinant of firm financial diversification providing support to the convectional financial dimensions of firm performance particularly ROE, ROI and EPS.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The Government of Kenya and Capital Market regulator should enact and implement legislations that guides on interlock directorship, directors remuneration diversity and tolerable operational risks as determinants of diversification
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Irawan, Ferry, und Lili Talpia. „THE EFFECT OF LEVERAGE, FIRM SIZE, EARNING GROWTH, AND EARNING PERSISTENCE ON EARNING RESPONSE COEFFICIENT“. Bina Ekonomi 25, Nr. 1 (26.10.2021): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/be.v25i1.5124.41-56.
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This study aims to investigate the effect of leverage, firm size, earnings growth, and earning persistence on earnings response coefficient. The population used in this study are all manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 until 2019 and had positive earnings before tax. Consequently, the samples in this research are 68 manufacturing companies so that the observations are 340. For examining data, this research uses a panel data regression model. After running the chow test and Lagrange multiplier test, the most suitable method for the regression model is the common effect model. This research shows that leverage and firm size do not influence earning response coefficient. Meanwhile, earnings growth and earnings persistence have a positive effect on the earnings response coefficient.
Keywords: Earning growth; earning persistence; earning response coefficient; firm size; leverage
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Khalifa H, Abdulfattah Mohamed G., Riccardo Natoli und Segu Zuhair. „The Impact of Board and Audit Characteristics on the Financial Performance of UAE Listed Firms“. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 10, Nr. 2 (02.07.2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v10i2.16481.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical insights on the impact of board and audit committee characteristics on the financial performance of United Arab Emirates (UAE) listed firms.Design/methodology/approach – A multiple regression panel model was employed for the period 2006 to 2015. The analysis incorporates Anderson Lagrange Multiplier test and Hausman test to determine if a fixed effects or random effects model should be employed.Findings – Our results demonstrated that board size and board meetings had a significant positive relationship with financial performance while there were also significant positive relationships between both audit committee composition and audit committee members’ education and firm financial performance.Research limitations/implications – The findings inform UAE firms about the benefits of employing directors with a more diverse skill set to enhance board effectiveness as well as having audit committee members hold a recognised qualification in finance or accounting to improve firm financial performance.Originality/value – Our study contributes to the CG literature by adding to the limited studies on CG in the UAE which help reduce the significant gap between foundation theories and practical applicability.
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Risna Wijayanti, Yudi Priambodo Purnomo Sidi ,. Moeljadi, Sumiati,. „Banks Amid Economic Recovery: Understanding Macroeconomic Influences, Firm Valuation, and the Investor Confidence Paradox“. Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, Nr. 4 (16.10.2023): 7866–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i4.2809.
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This study investigates the intriguing relationship between a robust macroeconomic environment during economic recovery and the signaling of increased firm value within the banking sector. It underscores the importance of macroeconomic factors in investors' evaluation of banking firms and examines the rationale behind investors not exhibiting strong reactions to favorable macroeconomic signals. Utilizing an explanatory research method, the study analyzes secondary data from financial reports of 42 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2010-2020. A panel data regression approach is employed, incorporating common effect, fixed effect, and random effect models, validated through Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier (LM) tests. Resulting insights explain the paradoxical absence of a robust investor response despite banks' resilience amid the economic turmoil. The theoretical implication is that a stable macroeconomic environment typically projects positive signals for the banking sector, enhancing investor confidence and potentially driving up share prices. The study reveals substantial practical implications concerning the macroeconomic influences on firm value signals in the banking industry during economic recovery. Banks are advised to recalibrate their strategies and operations to capitalize on or navigate the risks associated with recovery periods.
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Musa, Wasiu Ajani, Ramat Titilayo Salman, Ibrahim Olayiwola Amoo und Muhammed Lawal Subair. „Impact of firm’s specific factors on audit fee of quoted consumer goods firms“. Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review 4, Nr. 1 (2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsrv4i1p4.
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Greater pricing presume on audit service has been put by the regulations of the auditing and accounting practices for the disclosure of audit fees, since audit fee is directly related to audit quality. However, the audit fees perceived by the client is often different from the amount charged by the auditors. Hence, this study investigated the impact of firm-specific characteristics on audit fees of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria using a purposive sampling technique. Secondary data were obtained from annual reports of the companies for the period from 2009-2016. The empirical result from Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier Test (BP-LM) produced a chi-square value of 13.94 with p-value of 0.0001 indicating that pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) will not be appropriate for the study. The Hausman test showed a chi-square of 23.55 with a p-value of 0.001 indicating that the null hypothesis is strongly rejected. Thus, the only estimate from the fixed effect model was interpreted to explain the relationship between firm-specific characteristics and audit fees of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The result revealed that auditee size, auditee risk, auditee profitability and IFRS adoption are the firm specific characteristics that impact on audit fees with only auditee size and IFRS adoption being positively related to audit fees while the other factors are negatively related to audit fees. Based on this finding, this study concluded that the firm’s specific factors are the major drivers of audit fees in Nigeria consumer goods firms. This study recommends among others that companies should implement corporate governance principles that address issues relating to board independence and committee sizes to guide activities in the consumer goods sector since profitability behave negatively with audit fees.
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Alghifari, Erik Syawal, Ardi Gunardi, Jaja Suteja, Indah Khoerun Nisa und Zalfa Amarananda. „Investment Decisions of Energy Sector Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange: Theory and Evidence“. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, Nr. 6 (28.11.2022): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13642.
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This paper focused on strategic corporate financial decisions regarding investments to increase firm value moderated by profitability in emerging markets. The analytical method used was panel data analysis, with a total number of observations of 260 energy sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The results of the Chow Test, Hausman Test, and Lagrange Multiplier Test show the selected random effect model. The model shows that there is an effect of investment decisions on firm value in a positive direction and the moderating role of profitability strengthens this effect. The results of the robustness check show that the research model is still consistent with previous findings. Investment decisions have an effect on firm value, and profitability moderates this effect, both in the assumption of changes in control variables or model estimation using quantile regression. Our findings are in line with the idea of signaling theory that information on the company’s investment decisions is a positive signal that the company has good growth opportunities or prospects so that it will increase the firm value and ultimately have an impact on the prosperity of shareholders. Furthermore, profitability strengthens the positive signal of the company’s reputation in the eyes of investors.
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Romantica, Krishna Prafidya, und Paiz Jalaludin. „The Influence of Financial Ratios and Firm Size on Stock Return“. Assets : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Akuntansi, Keuangan dan Pajak 8, Nr. 1 (31.01.2024): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30741/assets.v8i1.1212.
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Researchers analyze financial ratio data using a quantitative approach to determine the effect on the company's stock return. Researchers formulated four research hypotheses. The data will be modeled using the Panel Data Regression method with the help of E-Views 12 Student software. With purposive sampling techniques, researchers will use stock closing price data and financial statements from 9 Properties and Real Estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (period 2018 to 2022). With the chow test and lagrange multiplier test, researchers will model the data using a common effect model. The results showed that the ROA of der, CR, and FS, either simultaneously or partially, did not have a significant effect on stock returns. Based on signal theory, capital owners will receive bad signals from the company because the variables ROA, DER, CR, FS are considered unable to influence the company's stock return.
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dell’Isola, Francesco, Alessandro Della Corte und Ivan Giorgio. „Higher-gradient continua: The legacy of Piola, Mindlin, Sedov and Toupin and some future research perspectives“. Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 22, Nr. 4 (14.01.2016): 852–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286515616034.
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Since the first studies dedicated to the mechanics of deformable bodies (by Euler, D’Alembert, Lagrange) the principle of virtual work (or virtual velocities) has been used to provide firm guidance to the formulation of novel theories. Gabrio Piola dedicated his scientific life to formulating a continuum theory in order to encompass a large class of deformation phenomena and was the first author to consider continua with non-local internal interactions and, as a particular case, higher-gradient continua. More recent followers of Piola (Mindlin, Sedov and then Richard Toupin) recognized the principle of virtual work (and its particular case, the principle of least action) as the (only!) firm foundation of continuum mechanics. Mindlin and Toupin managed to formulate a conceptual frame for continuum mechanics which is able to effectively model the complex behaviour of so-called architectured, advanced, multiscale or microstructured (meta)materials. Other postulation schemes, in contrast, do not seem able to be equally efficient. The present work aims to provide a historical and theoretical overview of the subject. Some research perspectives concerning this theoretical approach are outlined in the final section.
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Ramadhanty, Raihan, Saparuddin Siregar und Juliana Nasution. „Analysis of the Influence of Islamic Social Reporting Disclosure on the Growth of Islamic Banks (Study of Sharia Commercial Bank 2017-2021 Period)“. PKM-P 6, Nr. 2 (07.12.2022): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/jurma.v6i2.1565.
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This study aims to empirically examine the effect of Islamic Social Reporting on the Growth of Islamic Banking, namely Islamic Commercial Banks for the 2017-2021 period. This study uses a quantitative approach. The type of variable data is secondary data, namely data obtained from the annual financial report published on the official website of each bank for the period 2017-2021. The analytical method used is the panel data regression method. The data analysis techniques used in this study include Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Model Selection (FEM, CEM REM, Chow Test, Hausman Test, and Lagrange Multiplier Test). Classical Assumption Test consists of the Normality Test, Multicollinearity Test, Autocorrelation Test, and Heteroscedasticity Test, Test The hypothesis consists of the T-Test, F Test, Coefficient of Determination, and Multiple Linear Regression Test with the help of the Eviews 10.0 application. The results of this study indicate that partially (t-test) the firm size variable has a significant positive effect on Islamic Social Reporting. Partially, the profitability variable has a significant positive effect on Islamic Social Reporting. Partially, leverage has a significant positive effect on Islamic Social Reporting. Simultaneously (F test) the variables of firm size, profitability, and leverage have a significant effect on the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting.
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Ramadhanty, Raihan, Saparuddin Siregar und Juliana Nasution. „Analysis of the Influence of Islamic Social Reporting Disclosure on the Growth of Islamic Banks (Study of Sharia Commercial Bank 2017-2021 Period)“. PKM-P 6, Nr. 2 (07.12.2022): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/pkm-p.v6i2.1565.
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This study aims to empirically examine the effect of Islamic Social Reporting on the Growth of Islamic Banking, namely Islamic Commercial Banks for the 2017-2021 period. This study uses a quantitative approach. The type of variable data is secondary data, namely data obtained from the annual financial report published on the official website of each bank for the period 2017-2021. The analytical method used is the panel data regression method. The data analysis techniques used in this study include Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Model Selection (FEM, CEM REM, Chow Test, Hausman Test, and Lagrange Multiplier Test). Classical Assumption Test consists of the Normality Test, Multicollinearity Test, Autocorrelation Test, and Heteroscedasticity Test, Test The hypothesis consists of the T-Test, F Test, Coefficient of Determination, and Multiple Linear Regression Test with the help of the Eviews 10.0 application. The results of this study indicate that partially (t-test) the firm size variable has a significant positive effect on Islamic Social Reporting. Partially, the profitability variable has a significant positive effect on Islamic Social Reporting. Partially, leverage has a significant positive effect on Islamic Social Reporting. Simultaneously (F test) the variables of firm size, profitability, and leverage have a significant effect on the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting.
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Rifani Akbar Sulbahri, Luk Luk Fuadah, Yulia Saftiana und Sa'adah Sidiq. „How Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non-Performing Loans and Good Corporate Governance Affect Company Value with Financial Performance as Intervening Variables“. International Journal of Economics and Management Research 2, Nr. 1 (14.02.2023): 194–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/ijemr.v2i1.78.
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The increasingly open economic system between countries, known as international trade, is evidence of the rapid expansion of the current economic system. The only depository financial institution is a bank. In this study, we will discuss how Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non-Performing Loans and Good Corporate Governance Affect Firm Value with Financial Performance as an Intervening Variable. Data analysis techniques use descriptive analysis, panel data regression estimation, common effect models, fixed effect models, random effect models, Chow tests, Hausman tests, Lagrange Multiplier tests, classical assumption tests (normality tests, multicollinearity tests, heteroscedasticity tests). Hypothesis test (F test and T test). This study is a quantitative study through an analytical descriptive study, seen from the characteristics of the problems studied. The population of this study are commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017 and 2019. The results show the effect of the variables capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loans, good corporate governance and return on assets on company value shown to show that the prob. F (Statistic) of 0.0160 is smaller than the significance level of 0.05. This means that the capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loans, good corporate governance and intervening return on assets variables simultaneously affect firm value in banking companies.
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Likhachev, S. F., A. G. Rudnitskiy, M. A. Shchurov, A. S. Andrianov, A. M. Baryshev, S. V. Chernov und V. I. Kostenko. „High-resolution imaging of a black hole shadow with Millimetron orbit around lagrange point l2“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, Nr. 1 (13.01.2022): 668–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac079.
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ABSTRACT Imaging of the shadow around supermassive black hole (SMBH) horizon with a very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) is recognised recently as a powerful tool for experimental testing of Einstein’s General relativity. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has demonstrated that an Earth-extended VLBI with the maximum long base (D = 10 700 km) can provide a sufficient angular resolution θ ∼ 20 μas at λ = 1.3 mm (ν = 230 GHz) for imaging the shadow around SMBH located in the galaxy M87*. However, the accuracy of critically important characteristics, such as the asymmetry of the crescent-shaped bright structure around the shadow and the sharpness of a transition zone between the shadow floor and the bright crescent silhouette, both of order Δθ ∼ 4 μas, is still to be improved. In our previous paper, we have shown that Space-Earth VLBI observation within a joint Millimetron and EHT configuration at the near-Earth high elliptical orbit can considerably improve the image quality. Even more solid grounds for firm experimental validation of General relativity can be obtained with a higher resolution available within the joint Millimetron and EHT program at the Lagrangian point L2 in the Sun-Earth system with an expected imaging resolution at 230 GHz of Δθ ∼ 5 μas. In this paper, we argue that in spite of limitations of L2 orbit, an adequate sparse (u, v) coverage can be achieved and the imaging of the shadows around Sgr A* and M87* can be performed with a reasonable quality.
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Fajaryani, Ni Luh Gede Sri, und Elly Suryani. „STRUKTUR MODAL, LIKUIDITAS, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN“. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Kontemporer 10, Nr. 2 (29.10.2018): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jrak.v10i2.1370.
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This study aims to examine the effect of capital structure as measured by the debt to equity ratio (DER), liquidity measured by the current ratio (CR), and firm size measured by the natural logarithm (Ln) of total assets against financial performance as measured by return on equity (ROE) in companies in the property and real estate sub-sector from 2013-2016. The method of determining the sample used was purposive sampling. The sample used was 40 companies. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis consisting of chow test, hausman test, and lagrange multiplier test using Eviews 9.0 software. The results showed that the capital structure (DER), liquidity (CR), and company size simultaneously had a significant effect on financial performance (ROE). Partially the capital structure (DER) and liquidity (CR) had a significant negative effect on financial performance (ROE). Whereas company size (Ln Total Assets) did not have a significant effect on financial performance (ROE).
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Ahmad, Nisar, und Ayesha Ahmed. „Behavior of Company Performance in Response to Dividend Policy: An Analysis of Textile Sector Listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange“. Archives of Business Research 9, Nr. 12 (09.12.2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.912.11100.
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The current study explains the relationship of dividend payout policy on the business performance of companies that exist in textile of Pakistan. 100 companies are selected from textile sector. Relationship of dividend payout policy and business performance was controlled with four variables based on relevant theories. These variables include size of company, growth of company, leverage (debt to equity ratio) and corporate governance index. Panel data is collected from 2012-2017 (six years) and then analyzed with unit root, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, OLS regression, Lagrange multiplier, Huasman test, Fixed effect and Random effect models. Following key findings for each research objective were obtained by applying the adopted research method on the data through the adopted method of analyses: The results of the study show that in textile companies, a negative relationship occurs between dividend payout policy and their profitability. Furthermore, size of the firm according to the pecking order theory and leverage as per the agency cost theory came out to have a significant controlling effect on this negative relationship.
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Li, Tianyun, Weiguo Fang, Desheng Dash Wu und Baofeng Zhang. „Inventory financing a risk-averse newsvendor with strategic default“. Industrial Management & Data Systems 120, Nr. 5 (15.04.2020): 1003–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-08-2019-0417.
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PurposeThe paper aims to explore the optimal strategies of inventory financing when the risk-averse retailer has different objectives, in the presence of multi-risk, i.e. demand risk, non-operational risk and retailer's strategic default risk.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops an inventory financing model consisting of a bank and a risk-averse retailer with strategic default. This paper considers two scenarios, i.e. the capital-constrained retailer cares about its profit or firm value. In the first scenario, the bank acts as a Stackelberg leader determining its interest rate, and the retailer acts as a follower determining its pledged quantity. In the second one, the bank capital market is perfectly competitive. Lagrange multiplier method is adopted to solve the optimization.FindingsThe optimal strategies in inventory financing scheme in two scenarios are derived. Only when the initial stock is relatively high, the retailer pledges part of the initial stock. Retailer's risk aversion reduces its pledged quantity and performance. The strategic default reduces its profit. When it is relatively high, the bank refuses to offer the loan.Practical implicationsAnalytical inventory and financing strategies are specified to help retailers and banks to better understand the interaction of finance and operations management and to better respond to multi-risk.Originality/valueNew results and managerial insights are derived by incorporating partially endogenous strategic default and risk aversion into inventory financing, which enriches the interfaces of operations management and finance.
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Bong, Jeongsik, und Joonhyeon Jeon. „Design of FIR Halfband Filters using Generalized Lagrange Polynomial“. Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 50, Nr. 10 (25.10.2013): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieek.2013.50.10.188.
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Adeniyi, A. A., H. P. Morvan und K. A. Simmons. „A coupled Euler-Lagrange CFD modelling of droplets-to-film“. Aeronautical Journal 121, Nr. 1246 (13.10.2017): 1897–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2017.107.
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ABSTRACTIn this paper, a droplet to film interaction model technique is presented. In the proposed approach, the liquid and gas continua are modelled using an enhanced Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) technique while the droplets are tracked using a Lagrangian framework and are coupled to the Eulerian phases using source terms. The eventual target application is an aeroengine bearing chamber in which oil is found as droplets, shed from the bearings, splashing on impact, separated from wall surfaces at obstacles or simply re-entrained, and as a continuum oil film coating the bearing chamber outer walls which it also cools. In finite volume Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques, a prohibitively large number of cells would be required to describe the details of the droplet impact phenomenon. Based on published correlations, the splashing droplets are created and tracked as Lagrangian particles. The flowing film and the gas continua are handled with an enhanced VoF technique.
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Buckholz, R. H. „Effects of Power—Law, Non-Newtonian Lubricants on Load Capacity and Friction for Plane Slider Bearings“. Journal of Tribology 108, Nr. 1 (01.01.1986): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261149.
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The lubrication of a conventional, finite width plane bearing, using a power-law, non-Newtonian lubricant, is studied. The basic assumptions in this analysis are: thin fluid-film, no thermal effects, and a modified Reynolds’ equation for small bearing aspect ratios. Results from this study include bearing pressure, load, and friction formulas. Similar results for the not-so-small bearing aspect ratios are found via an Euler-Lagrange equation. This Euler-Lagrange equation is derived from the optimization integral for the modified Reynolds’ equation. Approximate solutions to the modified Reynolds’ equation and to the Euler-Lagrange equation are contrasted with numerical solutions for the modified Reynolds equation. Bearing aspect ratios in the range 0.1 to 0.6, clearance ratios in the range 1.2 to 4.0, and non-Newtonian power-law index in the range 0.4 to 1.0 are considered.
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Liu, Gui Zhen, Ying Yu und Bang Chun Wen. „Nonlinear Analysis of Rotor-Stator-Bearing System Unsteady Oil Film Force“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (Juli 2013): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.395.
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According to the LaGrange energy equation, the establishment of the unsteady oil film force of the rotor - stator - bearing system dynamics model, the application of numerical method, the system with the speed change time domain waveforms, amplitude spectra and Axis Orbit, the results show that: the unsteady oil film force and speed of change is closely related to changes in the process of oil film force oil whirl Oil Whip. Provide a theoretical basis for effective diagnosis of rotor - stator - bearing oil film instability fault research.
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Chatelain, Jean-Bernard. „Explicit Lagrange multiplier for firms facing a debt ceiling constraint“. Economics Letters 67, Nr. 2 (Mai 2000): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(99)00270-0.
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Rosantiningsih, Ika, und Chotib Chotib. „SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF FIRE OCCURRENCE IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA“. Proceedings of The International Conference on Data Science and Official Statistics 2023, Nr. 1 (29.12.2023): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34123/icdsos.v2023i1.275.
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The occurrence of fire incidents in urban villages of Jakarta Special Capital Region significantly impacted losses, necessitating prevention and handling efforts. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the spatial influence of social and physical variables (independent variables) such as sex ratio, vulnerable age population, number of buildings, and size of slum areas on fires (dependent variable) in Jakarta Special Capital Region. The analysis area includes five municipalities of Jakarta Special Capital Region. Secondary data were obtained from Central Agency of Statistics of Jakarta Special Capital Region, maps from the official site jakartasatu.jakarta.go.id, and publication data from Government of Jakarta Special Capital Region for 2020. Furthermore, the quantitative approach in descriptive and inferential analysis, determined using Microsoft Excel and GeoDa version 1.20.0.10, was used to evaluate the spatial relationships between adjacent sub-districts. Although the regression data processing results using GeoDa were significant, the spatial regression results with Lagrange Multiplier (LM) Lag and Lagrange Multiplier (LM) error > 0.05 were insignificant and significant when using the parameter 0.1. This means fire symptoms in Jakarta Special Capital Region do not have a spatial effect, contrary to the clustering observed between dependent and independent variables using Morans'I and Scatter Plots. The results of this study can aid the Jakarta provincial government in preventing and handling potential fires by restructuring slum areas to minimize the likelihood of such incidents.
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Ma, Qiang, Jian Guo Lin, Xu Ling Hu und Jia Gan Li. „Weihai Bay Oil Spill Predict Analysis“. Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (Juni 2014): 1433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1433.
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To provide beneficial reference to the assessment of the ship pollution risk of Weihai bay sea area and pollution prevention ability. Adopting the "oil particle" model, the drift and diffusion process of oil spill from a certain shipyard in Weihai bay is simulated. By using Lagrange method, the oil film center movement locus and the oil film distribution at each time is visualized. By considering the effect of environmental factors on the behavior of marine oil spill in the three-dimension flow field, turbulence, wind guide, transport and wave breaking, the oil spill prediction model predicted the oil film drift path under the combined effect of the wind and currents, oil film affected range of the sea area and coast. The expert review meeting organized by maritime agencies recognized the oil spill prediction result analysis by using this oil spill model.
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KROTSCHECK, E., und M. D. MILLER. „GENERIC ELECTRON MOBILITY IN SURFACE STATES ON HELIUM FILMS“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, Nr. 13n14 (30.05.2007): 2103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207043506.
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We study the mobility of electrons adsorbed to thin 4 He films. Utilizing the time-dependent version of the Euler-Lagrange, hypernetted chain variational theory, we compute the inelastic scattering rate of an electron due to collisions with film excitations (third sound). We obtain an analytic result valid in the long wavelength limit. In agreement with experiment, the mobility shows oscillations due to the underlying transverse film structure. The oscillations are explicitly due to the appearance of the third sound speed in the scattering rate since the third sound speed itself oscillates in conjunction with the 4 He film structure. The mobilities tend to be higher than reported mobilities on thin films, which we attribute to substrate structure. We interpret our results as generic mobilities that are valid in the limit of perfectly smooth, structureless substrates.
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Sun, Jin Guang, Xin Nian Yang, Yang Li und Jun Tao Wang. „Real-Time Flame Simulation Based on Volume Rendering“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (Oktober 2011): 2643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2643.
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Computer simulation of the flame is difficult to achieve real-time and realistic problem, proposing a fire simulation method based on fluid model and GPU general computing combining. The method is based on the incompressible flame, low-density, non-sticky and so on. Semi-Lagrange method is using to solve the fluid equations, using volume rendering based on 3D texture to rendering the flame. Then, using the method of energy-spectrum of radiation to control the color of the flame, and using the GPU to accelerate in parallel, balance realistic and real time.
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Alnori, Faisal, Abdullah Bugshan und Walid Bakry. „The determinants of corporate cash holdings: evidence from Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant corporations“. Managerial Finance 48, Nr. 3 (21.12.2021): 429–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-02-2021-0085.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the difference between the determinants of cash holdings of Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant firms, for non-financial corporations in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).Design/methodology/approachThe data include all non-financial firms listed in six GCC markets over a period 2005–2019. The IdealRatings database is used to identify Shariah-compliant firms in the GCC. To examine the determinants of cash holdings, a static model is used. To confirm the applicability of the method applied, the Breusch–Pagan Lagrange Multiplier (LM) and Hausman (1978) are used to choose the most efficient and consistent static panel regression.FindingsThe results show that, for Shariah-compliant firms, the relevant determinants of cash holdings are leverage, profitability, capital expenditure, net working capital and operating cash flow. For non-Shariah-compliant firms, the only relevant determinants of cash holdings are leverage, net working capital and operating cash flow. The findings suggest that the cash holding decisions of Shariah-compliant firms can be best explained using the pecking order theory. This reveals that Shariah-compliant firms use liquid assets as their first financing option, due to the Shariah regulations.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies may investigate the optimal levels of cash holdings and compare the adjustment speeds toward target cash holdings of both the Shariah-compliant firms and their conventional counterparts.Originality/valueThis study is the first to investigate the difference between the determinants of cash holdings of Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant firms.
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Ou, Zhicheng, Xiaohu Yao und Xiaoqing Zhang. „Dynamic Stability of a Thin Film Bonded to a Compliant Substrate Subjected to a Step Load with Damping“. International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 18, Nr. 3-4 (24.05.2017): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2015-0091.
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AbstractThe flexible electronic structure is based on the buckling of a thin film on a compliant substrate. This paper studies the dynamic stability of this structure subjected to a uniaxial step load with damping. The equation of motion is derived by Hamilton’s principle and Euler-Lagrange equation. Through the qualitative analysis of the phase portraits of the dynamic equation, as well as the quantitative analysis of the responses according to Budiansky-Roth criterion, the critical dynamic load is determined. It is the same as that in static buckling. Affected by damping, at the stage of pre-buckling, the amplitude of the film vibrates and attenuates, where the maximum response is the initial amplitude. The structural damping can be derived by the logarithm of the ratio between two adjacent peaks of the vibration. At the stage of post-buckling, the amplitude of the film vibrates and tends to a stable response, which is the amplitude in static buckling. The upper and lower bounds of the post-buckling response are asymmetric and solved by modified Krylov-Bogoliubov method.
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Liu, Gui Zhen, Ying Yu und Bang Chun Wen. „Analysis of Non-Linear Dynamic on Unsteady Oil-Film Force Rotor-Stator-Bearing System with Rub-Impact Fault“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.49.
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Established the unsteady oil-film force with rub-impact fault of rotor-stator-bearing system mechanical models by using Lagrange equation, Application of numerical analysis to study it, concluded that the rotor system in frequency as the only incentive system control parameters of orbit and bifurcation diagrams; analysis of the nonlinear behavior of the response of the system and the failure mechanism, provide a theoretical basis for the safe operation of the rotor system and fault diagnosis. The results show that, when the excitation frequency as the only control parameters, the system exist periodic motion, quasi periodic motion and chaotic motion etc abundant nonlinear phenomena.
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Liu, Gui Zhen, Ying Yu und Bang Chun Wen. „Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis of Excitation Frequency under the Influence of the Rotor-Stator-Bearing System with Rub-Impact Fault“. Advanced Materials Research 952 (Mai 2014): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.952.169.
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Established the unsteady oil-film force with rub-impact fault of rotor-stator-bearing system mechanical models by using Lagrange equation, Application of numerical analysis to study it, concluded that the rotor system in frequency as the only incentive system control parameters of orbit and bifurcation diagrams; analysis of the nonlinear behavior of the response of the system and the failure mechanism, provide a theoretical basis for the safe operation of the rotor system and fault diagnosis. The results show that, when the excitation frequency as the only control parameters, the system exist periodic motion, quasi periodic motion and chaotic motion etc abundant nonlinear phenomena.
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Mohamed Yusof, Suzila, Nazaria Md. Aris und Muhammad Hikmal Ismail. „The Effect of Working Capital Management on Firm’s Performance of Food and Beverages Sector in Malaysia“. UNIMAS Review of Accounting and Finance 2, Nr. 1 (26.12.2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/uraf.1999.2019.
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This research examines the effect of working capital management (WCM) variables and firm’s performance using the data collected and analysed from listed firms in food and beverages sector on Bursa Malaysia. The sample comprises of 50 firms and the data is for 5 years from 2014 to 2018. The methodologies adopted in this research includes descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, Pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression, Breusch-Pagan (BP) Lagrange Multiplier test, and Hausman test. Various determinants of WCM have been identified to represent the independent variables (IV) namely days of accounts receivable, days of accounts payable, inventory turnover in days and cash conversion cycle. The dependent variable uses Return on Assets (ROA) as a proxy to measure the firm’s performance. In this study, these two variables, accounts payable and cash conversion cycle has a significant and positive effect towards firm’s performance of food and beverages sector in Malaysia.
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MILLER, M. D., und E. KROTSCHECK. „THEORY OF THIRD SOUND AND STABILITY OF THIN 3He–4He SUPERFLUID FILMS“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, Nr. 13n14 (30.05.2007): 2091–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920704349x.
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In this paper, we summarize the results of recent studies of third sound in thin, superfluid 3 He -4 He mixture films and the relation of the third sound spectrum to the question of the films' thermodynamic stability. We have considered films on several representative substrates: Nuclepore, glass, Li and Na . Our approach utilizes the variational, hypernetted chain/Euler-Lagrange (HNC–EL) theory as applied to inhomogeneous boson systems to calculate chemical potentials for both the 4 He superfluid film and the physisorbed 3 He . Numerical density derivatives of the chemical potentials lead to the sought-after third sound speeds. On all substrates, the third sound speeds show a series of oscillations as a function of film coverage that is driven by the layered structure of the 4 He film. We find that the effect on the third sound response of adding a small amount of 3 He to the 4 He film can depend sensitively on the particular 4 He film coverage. The third sound speed can either increase or decrease. In fact, in some regimes, the added 3 He destabilizes the film and can drive "layering transitions" leading to quite complicated geometric structures of the film in which the outermost layer consists of phase–separated regimes of 3 He and 4 He . Finally, we examine the range of applicability of the usual film–averaged hydrodynamic description. We find that at least up to film thicknesses of six liquid layers, there is no regime in which this hydrodynamic description is applicable.
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Hsiao, Hsiao-Fen, Tingyong Zhong und Hasan Dincer. „Analysing Managers’ Financial Motivation for Sustainable Investment Strategies“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 14 (15.07.2019): 3849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143849.
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The purpose of the research is to examine the importance of financial rewards and managers’ motivations, including sustainable investment projects. For that, the role of financial motivation for managers is analysed to understand strategic priorities for sustainable investment policies. Panel data for non-financial listed companies in China are used to determine the best-fit values of the proposed model, and the results of the Lagrange multiplier (LM) and Hausman tests are discussed for sustainable investment strategies. The results demonstrate that both low-paid and highly-paid managers in valuable project firms tend to be conservative and that managers consolidate their positions through underinvestment. This finding is clear evidence that managers are reluctant to take a risk on sustainable investment strategies. However, highly-paid managers of non-valuable project firms are generally willing to obtain high productivity through advanced technologies. The results are also generalized for strategies that are related to project managers’ financial motivation to increase the efficiency of sustainable investment decisions.
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Moores, John E., und Douglas Welch. „Simulating Transits of Large Objects at the L1 Lagrange Point for the 2018 Feature Film Clara“. Research Notes of the AAS 2, Nr. 2 (21.05.2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/aaa4be.
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Sun, Shih Chieh, Chi Wei Chung, Chao Ming Hsu und Jao Hwa Kuang. „The Squeeze Film Damping Effect on Dynamic Responses of Micro-Electromechanical Resonators“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (Januar 2013): 1961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1961.
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The air squeeze film damping effect on the dynamic responses of clamped micro- electromechanical resonators is investigated in this study. A dynamic model for a clamped micro- electromechanical resonator with the damping consideration is derived using Lagrange’s equation. The corresponding resonator eigen solutions are formulated and solved by employing the assumed-mode method. The effect of different parameters; i.e. the resonator size, ambient temperature and pressure on the squeeze film damping characteristics were simulated and investigated. The results indicate that the squeeze film damping effect may significantly affect the dynamic responses of micro-scale electromechanical resonator.
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Liu, Zhenxing, Zhansheng Liu, Yu Li und Guanghui Zhang. „Dynamics response of an on-board rotor supported on modified oil-film force considering base motion“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, Nr. 2 (20.12.2016): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216682052.
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In an on-board rotor journal bearing system, hydrodynamic bearing forces are affected by the coupling motion between rotor and base. To study the system dynamic response, a model of the on-board rotor supported on hydrodynamic bearing force is proposed in this paper. Motion equations of rigid disk and elastic shaft are derived by applying the Lagrange principle and finite element method. Based on the short bearing assumption and Hahn boundary condition, a modified oil-film force model of the hydrodynamic bearing is derived by introducing the base motion velocity. Under sinusoidal excitations of the base translational motion, dynamic responses of the on-board rotor bearing system are calculated by a Newmark time-step integration algorithm. Results are presented by time history, fast Fourier transforms, orbits and Poincare maps, and are compared with the response dominated by Capone's oil-film force model. The influences of amplitude and frequency of base motion on system dynamic behavior are investigated. Differences after introducing base motion velocity into the oil-film force model show that the convective velocity of the bearings should not be ignored in some extreme cases.
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Biria, Aisa, und Eliot Fried. „Buckling of a soap film spanning a flexible loop resistant to bending and twisting“. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, Nr. 2172 (08.12.2014): 20140368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0368.
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A generalization of the Euler–Plateau problem to account for the energy contribution due to twisting of the bounding loop is proposed. Euler–Lagrange equations are derived in a parametrized setting and a buckling analysis is performed. A pair of dimensionless parameters govern buckling from a flat, circular ground state. While one of these is familiar from the Euler–Plateau problem, the other encompasses information about the ratio of the torsional rigidity to the bending rigidity, the twist density and the size of the loop. For sufficiently small values of the latter parameter, two separate groups of buckling modes are identified. However, for values of that parameter exceeding the critical twist density arising in Michell's study of the stability of a twisted elastic ring, only one group of buckling modes exists. Buckling diagrams indicate that a loop with greater torsional rigidity shows more resistance to transverse buckling. Additionally, a twisted flexible loop spanned by a soap film buckles at a value of the twist density less that the value at which buckling would occur if the soap film were absent.
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Liu, Yang, Zengyuan Xue, Lei Jia, Tuo Shi und Hui Ma. „Response Characteristics of Looseness-Rubbing Coupling Fault in Rotor-Sliding Bearing System“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8742468.
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For the diagnosis of looseness-rubbing coupling fault of rotor-sliding bearing system caused by bolt looseness fault, the mechanical model and finite element model of dual-disc rotor system with looseness-rubbing coupling fault are established based on the nonlinear finite element method, nonlinear oil film force, looseness stiffness model, and Hertz contact theory. With the augmented Lagrange method, contact constraint conditions are dealt with to ensure that the rotary disk and casing contact with each other meeting boundary penetrating depth within the prescribed tolerance range. And then the dynamics characteristics of the health rotor system supported by sliding bearing are studied. Combined with experimental study and simulation analysis, it is found that the looseness-rubbing coupling fault is often characterized by rubbing fault, the lower part of the time-domain fluctuated shape is denser, while the upper part is relatively loose, and multiple nested half ellipse is shown in orbit diagram. Because of the loosing stiffness and rubbing force, the phenomenon of unstable oil film is depressed. The appearance of the first- and second-order oil film oscillation phenomenon is delayed. It could be used as a theoretical basis for diagnosing looseness-rubbing coupling fault of rotor-sliding bearing system.
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Shadkami, Reza, und Philip K. Chan. „Computational Analysis to Optimize the Performance of Thin Film Liquid Crystal Biosensors“. Crystals 12, Nr. 10 (17.10.2022): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101463.
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A nonlinear unsteady-state mathematical model employing torque balance and Frank free energy according to the Leslie-Ericksen continuum theory is developed and implemented to simulate the performance of nematic liquid crystal biosensor films with aqueous interfaces. A transient liquid crystal-aqueous interface realignment is modeled using the Euler–Lagrange equation by changing the easy axis when the surfactant molecules at the interface are introduced. In our study, we evaluated the dynamics between bulk and interface by controlling surface properties of the interface, such as homeotropic anchoring energy and surface viscosity. In addition, transient optical interference and response time have been examined in this study. Our parametric study results indicated that both homeotropic anchoring energy and surface viscosity at the interface contribute to bulk reorientation. Furthermore, the obtained numerical results indicate that as homeotropic anchoring strength increases, the effective birefringence decreases more gradual due to the increasing surfactant concentration at the aqueous interface, consistent with available experimental observations. Our results have been validated and compared to experimental results from thin-film liquid crystal biosensors in this study.
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Li, M., und L. He. „The dynamics of a parallel-misaligned and unbalanced rotor system under the action of non-linear oil film forces“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, Nr. 9 (01.09.2010): 1875–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1916.
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A mathematical model of a parallel-misaligned rotor system with mass eccentricity that is supported on journal bearings is discussed and its dynamic behaviours are analysed under the action of non-linear oil forces in the present work. First, some assumptions are introduced, such as the long bearing model, small parallel misalignment between rotors and tiny eccentricity of discs, the misaligned displacement constraint between two rotors is taken into account, and the motion equations are deduced by the Lagrange method of undetermined multiplier. Then, the rotor orbits, Poincaré maps, and bifurcation diagrams of the system are studied by a numerical method; the results show that there exists some unrevealed motions and phenomena in the parallel-misaligned and unbalanced rotor system such as period 2, 3, 6, and 7 motions besides chaotic oscillations and so on.
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Chen, Jun Min, Sun Tao Lin, Xiao Lin Yao und Hai Bin Ye. „Study on the Equivalent Width Coefficient of Tunnel Entrance in Metro Station“. Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (Januar 2012): 2105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2105.
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The numerical simulation results of 12 typical fire scenarios prove that the boundary conditions of tunnel entrance exert a significant influence on the accuracy and reliability of the fire numerical simulation results in metro station. In the fire scenarios with four 400-metre-long tunnels at both ends of the platform, the fire numerical simulation result is the most accurate, but the total numerical calculation time is twice more than the other fire scenarios, due to the additional volume of the computational meshes of the 4 tunnels. In order to guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the fire numerical simulation results on the condition that the computational mesh volume and numerical calculation time have not to be increased, 18 new fire scenarios with the different width of the tunnel entrance have been designed to simulate fire smoke movement in metro station, and the results are inserted into Lagrange's Interpolation Equation, then the equivalent width coefficient ε of tunnel entrance is found to be in the range of 0.34～0.55. In consideration of the mesh cell size and evacuation safety, ε is suggested to be 0.375.
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Khoroshko, Volodymyr, Yuliia Khokhlachova und Natalia Vyshnevska. „Decision-making in a state cybersecurity“. Information Security of the Person, Society, State. 2022. № 1–3 (34–36), Nr. 34-36 (12.12.2022): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51369/2707-7276-2022-(1-3)-17.
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Nowadays, the issue of cyber security as a component of information security of the state is extremely relevant for Ukraine and the World community. Even so, it should be taken into account that the use of cyberspace expands people's communication capabilities, promotes the development of information technologies, research and novelty, and stimulates the development of industry and the economy. Nevertheless, the advantages of modern cyberspace can lead to new threats to people, society, national and international security. Along with initiatives of natural (unintentional) origin, the number and power of cyberattacks is increasing. These cyberattacks are inspired by the interests of individuals, groups, states, and associations of states. Increasing the effectiveness of mathematical modeling of state cyber security information systems can be ensured by modeling both the complex system and the subsystems that are the essential part of it. It stimulates the progress of models and algorithms that allow solving complex problems of system management and processing of the information flow. Furthermore, it is necessary to limit the tolerance interval of the solution for each task of the complex system of cyber security information systems. The following steps should be taken into account: – assignment of directive terms for solving problems; – information related tasks of information processing and transmission. The analysis of the research shows the weakness of a conventional approach to the complex solution of the problem of the synthesis of mathematical models and algorithms for determining the time of decision-making in the system of both security and information cyber security; methods of countering threats, mathematical methods of modeling, creating and evaluating models of both cyberattacks and cybersecurity and solving the problem of synthesis of mathematical models and algorithms for determining the time of decision-making in the system of both security and cyber security information systems. The defined issue is an unperformed part of the general problem of ensuring information security in complex systems of technical protection and information cyber security. The tasks belong to the class of problems of nonlinear mathematical programming. Performing them, methods of the theory of nonlinear programming can be used. The main priority of the tasks is its large dimension, which has a number of tasks that are performed in the network and are introduced in the information correlation. One of the current approaches to perform non-linear programming problems of large dimensions is the use of approximation methods of the theory of non-linear programming, the essence is that the solution of the finite-dimensional nonlinear complementarity problem is carried out as a result of solving a sequence of problems of a simpler type, which require significantly optimization operating costs than the original problem. Linear approximation is not always effective as it allows to obtain only a necessarily approximate value. Lately, the new research has introduced an approach to eliminate this fault with the help of auxiliary quadratic equation. The minimization method takes a special place among these methods. Unlike other methods of this class, it converges to any initial approximation and does not require assumptions about the convexity of functions, does not require firm positive certainty of the matrix of second derivatives of Lagrange functions, and has a fairly simple structure of the auxiliary quadratic problem. Hence, the linearization method has a linear rate of ascent. However, there is a modification of the method that means that at a considerable distance from the extremum point, the speed of convergence is linear, and with sufficient proximity to it, it is quadratic. Solving quadratic problems is not exact and only those restrictions with the maxima acceptable limits can be taken into account. This feature minimizes the dimension of auxiliary problems and thereby minimizes the computer complexity of the original nonlinear problem. The described algorithm is implemented in the form of applied programs for evaluating the effectiveness of algorithms for determining the time of decision-making by cyber security information systems. Thus, the given results can be used in the development of effective decision-making time determination algorithms based on mathematical models for decision-making support systems of the cyber security information system, as well as for modeling complex technical systems and assessing the effective use of several computing information systems. Key words: cyber security, cyber defense, cyber attacks, cyber defense system, information protection, state protection, cyber space, communication channels.
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He, Shao Hua, und Xin Yue Wu. „Shock Response Analysis for a Journal-Bearing System by a Results Comparison“. Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.79.
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Shock response analysis of a journal-bearing system with the journal-bearing connection modeled as a spring link in radial direction and a dry contact joint respectively is presented. In the first model, the spring constants representing oil-film characteristic are determined by eight coefficients. In the second model, the friction forces are calculated using a modified Coulombs friction law. The contact detection points are the integration point and located at Gauss points. Only the contact normal pressure is treated as a Lagrange multiplier. The tangential contact stresses are calculated based on the penalty method. System’s time varying responses are obtained by FEM. A results comparison was performed between “spring link” model and “dry contact” model. The main conclusion is that stress distribution is nearly same in the system modeled by the two methods, but the amplitude in the former is smaller than that in the latter.
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Zhang, Wenwen. „A General Approach for the Analysis of Transverse Vibration Characteristics of a Rectangular Plate with Arbitrary-shaped Openings“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2455, Nr. 1 (01.03.2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2455/1/012011.
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Abstract Based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method, the transverse vibration characteristics of a rectangular plate with an arbitrarily shaped inner opening are investigated. A modified two-dimensional Fourier series was chosen as the trial function and springs of different stiffnesses were used to equate the arbitrary boundary conditions of the rectangular plate. The Lagrange generalization of the transverse vibration of the open rectangular plate is obtained by equating the open area to a special film with physical properties of zero according to the energy superposition principle. The variational method is used to derive the characteristic equations of the thin plate and to find the intrinsic frequencies and corresponding vibration modes. The convergence of this theoretical method is analyzed by means of an example, and the accuracy of the method is verified by comparison with the results of finite element software calculations, which provides a reference for practical engineering problems.
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Jiang, Jun. „A synthesized distribution model: Asymmetric information, agency problem, and intertemporal optimization“. Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review 7, Nr. 4 (2023): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv7i4p13.
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A firm’s policy of distribution over current and future time periods influences the capital structure of the firm and its profitability. Managers decide on the amount of effort input in such a context of financial structure to maximize their utility. Nevertheless, shareholders’ preferred distribution of income is determined by the goal of corporate value maximization. The study aims to reach an optimal level of income distribution and reinvestment over current and future periods in which both the manager’s utility and shareholders’ corporate value have been maximized. The study adopts Lagrange’s multipliers method and the discounted cash flow valuation model of corporate value maximization. By processing a method of mathematical deduction and optimization, the study aims to reach an optimal equilibrium level of the dividend distribution model and explore key factors in the model for the determination of the distribution of income. As a result, the study concluded an optimal dividend distribution model, in which six factors jointly determine a theoretical equilibrium of optimization. These factors consist of the capital structure of the firm, the tax shield from debt financing, the growth rate of the dividend, dividend tax, the investment strategy of the principal, and the cost of capital.
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Kutsenko, Leonid, Andrii Kalynovskyi, Oleksandr Kireev, Borys Kryvoshei und Elena Sukharkova. „Розробка способу дистанційної доставки вогнегасних речовин у гантелеподібному контейнері“. Problems of Emergency Situations, Nr. 34 (2021): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-34-4.
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A geometric model of a new method of delivering extinguishing agents to the fire zone is proposed. The delivery idea is based on a mechanical throwing operation. For this, the substance is placed in a hard shell - a special container. After being delivered to the fire site by means of the launching device, the container must collapse and release a substance that will contribute to extinguishing the fire. New in the proposed method of delivery is the use of two weights spaced at a certain distance, connected by a rod. This modernization made it possible to abandon the traditional cylindrical containers and the use of air guns as launching devices. After all, the disadvantage of the "cannon" fire extinguishing technology lies in the difficulty of imparting axial rotation to the cylindrical container to ensure the stability of its movement. In the proposed method of delivery, the initiation of the movement of the dumbbell-container is carried out using a special launching device. It provides the simultaneous action of two explosive impulses directed at the centers of mass of each dumbbell weight in a pre-calculated manner. As a result of the start, the dumbbell acquires a rotational-translational movement in the vertical plane. To describe the dynamics of the dumbbell movement, a Lagrangian was determined, and a system of Lagrange differential equations of the second kind was compiled and solved. Examples of modeling the trajectories of the centers of mass of the dumbbell weights in the vertical plane are given. The main advantages of the new method include the possibility of separate delivery of extinguishing agents to the fire zone. Since there are substances for which the fire extinguishing effect is significantly increased as a result of their mixing directly in the combustion zone. Therefore, it is advisable to use the proposed delivery method as the basis for a new fire extinguishing technology
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Zhu, M., P. Kirby und M. Y. Lim. „Lagrange's Formalism for Modeling of a Triaxial Microaccelerometer With Piezoelectric Thin-Film Sensing“. IEEE Sensors Journal 4, Nr. 4 (August 2004): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2004.830948.
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Pierru, Axel. „Présentation d'une propriété nouvelle des multiplicateurs de Lagrange et application à la fonction de coût d'une firme avec produits liés“. Revue d'économie politique 116, Nr. 5 (2006): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/redp.165.0683.
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El-Shafei, A. „Unbalance Response of a Jeffcott Rotor Incorporating Long Squeeze Film Dampers“. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 113, Nr. 1 (01.01.1991): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930160.
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The steady state unbalance response of a Jeffcott rotor incorporating long squeeze film dampers executing circular centered precession is obtained. Fluid inertia forces are included in the model of the squeeze film dampers, using an energy approximation. The fluid velocity profiles are assumed not to change much due to fluid inertia, and the kinetic coenergy of the fluid is calculated. The fluid inertia forces are then obtained by Lagrange’s equations in conjunction with Reynolds transport theorem. The unbalance response of the rotor is obtained by assuming circular centered precession, and it is shown that fluid inertia results in the excitation of a second mode for the Jeffcott rotor and decreases the useful range of vibration isolation of the dampers. It is also shown that the second mode can exhibit the jump resonance phenomenon.
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Michael Yeboah und Andrast Akacs. „Does Mandatory Ifrs Adoption and Macroeconomic Factors Affect Cost of Equity Capital? Empirical Evidence From South African Listed Firms“. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 5, Nr. 1 (30.06.2019): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v5i1.725.
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Purpose: This paper investigates the collaboration of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adopted and macroeconomic variables interaction with information asymmetry, analysts following and managerial opportunism affecting the cost of equity capital, and also influence investor’s decision taking on companies in South Africa.
Design/Approach: A sample of 49 listed Johannesburg mining and manufacturing firms was extracted from archival database of INET BFA/IRESS SA, Morningstar, and Anupedia. A leverage fixed effects panel data set of firms from 2001 to 2014 was examined, which shows that Breusch-Lagrange Multiplier tests and the test of over-identifying restrictions used, form the basis of the content analysis of the most recent IFRS effect after mandatory adoption. We used a hand-collected dataset between 2000 and 2015.
Findings: Our findings suggest that a significant association is found between IFRS and its interactions with managerial opportunism and integrity but with a reasonable statistical effect. However, the IFRS adoption effect on the cost of equity capital of South African firms’ has no significant effect.
Practical implications: This study reveals that most firms report more, the credibility of annual financial statements which may not be sufficient because of the qualitative data for an assessment of managerial opportunism, information asymmetry and analysts following. Of such myopia of company managers, their reputation causes agency problems and as a result, shareholders interest is mainly focused on improving reporting standards
Originality: The research considers dual harmonizing facets: first, that the interaction with IFRS adoption and economic factors impact on the cost of equity capital may be so pathetic and obvious; and second, that IFRS moderation impacts on the cost of equity capital in Sub- Saharan African. This finding should be meaningful to managers, analysts, policymakers, and supervisory bodies in nations with similar capital structure decisions and socioeconomic systems.
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Elshreif, Hatem. „The Reliability of Corporate Zero-Default Debt“. Emirati Journal of Business, Economics, & Social Studies 2, Nr. 1 (04.10.2023): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54878/8mwj2c94.
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Although corporate bankruptcy has been examined in terms of measurement and modeling, a question remains standing still: Is it worthy enough to predict the bankruptcy or will it be better to develop a tool to prevent it from the beginning? Corporate bankruptcy techniques, models and theories focus on predicting the bankruptcy only rather than preventing bankruptcy which helps corporate managers take the right borrowing decision. The researcher believes that Corporate Debt Safe Buffer is a valid model in this respect. This thesis tests a bankruptcy prevention model (Eldomiaty, et al., 2014) on the non-financial firms listed in DJIA30 and NASDAQ100 over the period 1999-2016. The results provide a validation for this model with Trade off, Pecking Order and Free Cash Flow theories of capital structure as the results are quite significant and can be used for determining a debt ratio safe buffer. The researcher uses the following statistical methods to test the new model Lagrange Multiplier Test, Cointegration Using Unit Root Test, Linearity versus Nonlinearity Test, Hausman Test. The results prove that: (a) firms tend to adapt a positive debt ratio safe buffer, (b) there is no significant difference between debt ratio safe buffer and the observed debt ratio. The overall results show that the predication of bankruptcy is a helpful tool for credit rating agencies when evaluating corporate creditworthiness, although the model help avoiding bankruptcy.