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1
Vareesangthip, K., R. Wilkinson und T. H. Thomas. „Lack of function of an N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive thiol protein in erythrocyte membrane of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.“ Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v911.
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The polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) gene product polycystin has been predicted to be an integral membrane protein involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The erythrocyte membrane fluidity in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients is increased, and this may be due to a membrane cytoskeletal abnormality. The abnormal erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport kinetics in-ADPKD are related to an altered thiol protein in the cytoskeleton. The possibility that a similar thiol protein abnormality causes the increased erythrocyte membrane fluidity in ADPKD was investigated. The membrane fluidity of intact erythrocytes from 12 ADPKD patients and 12 healthy control subjects was assessed from the fluorescence anisotropies of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and trimethylammonium-diphenyl-hexatriene (TMA-DPH). The effect on membrane fluidity of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), cytochalasin D, heating at 48 degrees C for 20 min, or more specifically, liposomes containing antibodies to actin or ankyrin, was determined. In erythrocytes from healthy control subjects, the fluorescence anisotropy of DPH (mean +/- SEM: 0.223 +/- 0.001) was decreased after treatment with NEM (0.200 +/- 0.003, P < 0.001), cytochalasin D (0.206 +/- 0.006, P < 0.001), heating (0.199 +/- 0.002, P < 0.001), and antibodies to actin (0.194 +/- 0.002, P < 0.001) or ankyrin (0.196 +/- 0.002, P < 0.001). The TMA-DPH anisotropy (0.279 +/- 0.001) was also decreased after treatment with NEM (0.264 +/- 0.001, P < 0.001), cytochalasin D (0.264 +/- 0.001, P < 0.001), heating (0.265 +/- 0.001, P < 0.001), and antibodies to actin (0.262 +/- 0.002, P < 0.001) or ankyrin (0.262 +/- 0.002, P < 0.001). NEM had no additional effect on the other treatments, suggesting that its target thiol protein was associated with the cytoskeleton. In untreated erythrocytes from ADPKD patients, fluorescence anisotropies of both DPH and TMA-DPH were reduced, and none of the treatments altered the anisotropy of either DPH or TMA-DPH. In ADPKD, a cytoskeletal thiol protein is abnormal and possibly explains abnormal lipid bilayer properties and transport protein function in erythrocytes in this disease.
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Braungardt, Hannah, und Vineet K. Singh. „Impact of Deficiencies in Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Staphyloxanthin inStaphylococcus aureus“. BioMed Research International 2019 (22.01.2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2603435.
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Staphylococcus aureusis a well-known human pathogen with the ability to cause mild superficial skin infections to serious deep-tissue infections, such as osteomyelitis, pneumonia, and infective endocarditis. A key toS. aureusinfections and its pathogenicity is its ability to survive in adverse environments, especially at lower temperatures, by regulation of its cell membrane. Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and staphyloxanthin have been shown to regulate membrane fluidity and staphylococcal virulence. This study was conducted with the hypothesis that the simultaneous lack of BCFAs and staphyloxanthin will have a far greater implication on environmental survival and virulence ofS. aureus. Lack of a functional branched-chainα-keto acid dehydrogenase (BKD) enzyme because of a mutation in thelpdAgene led to a decrease in the production of BCFAs, membrane fluidity, slower growth, and poorin vivosurvival ofS. aureus. A mutation in thecrtMgene eliminated the production of staphyloxanthin but it did not affect membrane BCFA levels, fluidity, growth, orin vivosurvival. AcrtM:lpdAdouble mutant showed much slower growth and attenuation compared to individual mutants. The results of this study suggest that simultaneous targeting of the BCFA and staphyloxanthin biosynthetic pathways can be a strategy to controlS. aureusinfections.
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Hassan, Shatha Abbas, und Noor Ali Aljorani. „The Effect of Information Technology on Fluidity of Contemporary Architectural Space“. Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, Nr. 1 (15.04.2019): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol7.iss1.115.
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The increasing importance of the information revolution and terms such as ‘speed’, ‘disorientation’, and ‘changing the concept of distance’, has provided us with tools that had not been previously available. Technological developments are moving toward Fluidity, which was previously unknown and cannot be understood through modern tools. With acceleration of the rhythm in the age we live in and the clarity of the role of information technology in our lives, as also the ease of access to information, has helped us to overcome many difficulties. Technology in all its forms has had a clear impact on all areas of daily life, and it has a clear impact on human thought in general, and the architectural space in particular, where the architecture moves from narrow spaces and is limited to new spaces known as the ‘breadth’, and forms of unlimited and stability to spaces characterized with fluidity. The research problem (the lack of clarity of knowledge about the impact of vast information flow associated with the technology of the age in the occurrence of liquidity in contemporary architectural space) is presented here. The research aims at defining fluidity and clarifying the effect of information technology on the changing characteristics of architectural space from solidity to fluidity. The research follows the analytical approach in tracking the concept of fluidity in physics and sociology to define this concept and then to explain the effect of Information Technology (IT) to achieve the fluidity of contemporary architectural space, leading to an analysis of the Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) architectural model. The research concludes that information technology achieves fluidity through various tools (communication systems, computers, automation, and artificial intelligence). It has changed the characteristics of contemporary architectural space and made it behave like an organism, through using smart material.
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Bekenova, Assel. „The Effect of Electoral Systems on Fluid Party System in sub-Saharan Africa“. Otoritas : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 12, Nr. 2 (31.10.2022): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/ojip.v12i2.7723.
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The article, based on a literature review, examines the impact of electoral systems on the fluidity party system in sub-Saharan Africa. Most authors identify institutional and social factors influencing the change in party systems. At the same time, they use the indices Laakso and Taagepera and Rae to operationalize variable parties. However, there is a lack of research in the literature on electoral systems regarding its impact on stability or change of interparty competition patterns. This is due to, firstly, the relative novelty of the recently developed index of fluidity, and secondly, the desire of scholars to use already widely tested, established measures of measurement. We believe that, in contrast to previous studies, where the unit of analysis is the party and not the party system. The Index of Fluidity will allow us to predict how majoritarian or proportional systems and WGI scores will affect the structure or fluidity of party systems in 49 sub-Saharan African countries. The results of study indicate that the changes taking place in electoral systems have significantly affected the fluidity of party systems. The results of the study indicate that measures of WGI and ethnicity negatively affected fluidity of party systems in 49 sub-Saharan African countries. This suggests that the more unstable the party system, the more ineffective the government becomes. Whereas the results of the main hypothesis indicate a statistically significant effect of changing electoral systems on the fluidity of party systems. In other words, the more often political reforms are carried out in the electoral sphere, the higher the indicators of instability of party system, which, according to the typology of party system of Sartori, will change either radically from one-party to polarized pluralism or atomised party system or slightly from one-party to hegemonistic or predominant.
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Breen, Richard. „Education and intergenerational social mobility in the US and four European countries“. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 35, Nr. 3 (2019): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grz013.
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Abstract I draw on the findings of a recently completed comparative research project to address the question: how did intergenerational social mobility change over cohorts of men and women born in the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, and what role, if any, did education play in this? The countries studied are the US, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Notwithstanding the differences between them, by and large they present the same picture. Rates of upward mobility increased among cohorts born in the second quarter of the century and then declined among those born later. Among earlier born cohorts, social fluidity increased (that is, the association between the class a person was born into and the class he or she came to occupy as an adult declined) and then remained unchanged for those born after mid-century. The association between class origins and educational attainment followed much the same trend as social fluidity. This suggests that growing equalization in education may have contributed to the increase in social fluidity. In our analyses we find that this is so, but educational expansion also led to greater fluidity in some countries. There is also a strong link between upward mobility and social fluidity. Upward mobility was mostly driven by the expansion of higher-level white-collar jobs, especially in the 30 years after the end of the Second World War. This facilitated social fluidity because people from working class and farming origins could move into the service or salariat classes without reducing the rate at which children born into those classes could remain there. Educational expansion, educational equalization, and rapid structural change in the economies of the US and Europe all contributed to greater social fluidity among people born in the second quarter of the twentieth century. For people born after mid-century, rates of downward mobility have increased: however, despite the lack of further educational equalization and less pronounced structural change, social fluidity has remained unchanged.
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Basu, Anupam. „“What do you lack? What is’t you buy?”: Commodity and Community in Bartholomew Fair“. Ben Jonson Journal 29, Nr. 2 (November 2022): 141–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/bjj.2022.0337.
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Jonson’s Bartholomew Fair uses the comic representation of criminality to comment on the urban culture of commodities. The variety of goods bought, sold, circulated, stolen and exchanged in the fair become a trope for the fluidity and malleability of the commodity form, not tied to particular material histories or uses, but part of an emerging fluid ideological space of the market. Against the decay of traditional notions of community, the play proposes a new and radical model of temporary, tactical, mobile and fluid alliances – a community of rogues based on the trope of the commodity form and the economic contract.
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Luo, Tao, Yunzhu Ma, Shuwei Yao, Juan Wang und Wensheng Liu. „Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study on Sol–Gel Conversion Process of Aluminum Carboxylate System“. Materials 15, Nr. 7 (06.04.2022): 2704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072704.
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Due to the lack of relevant in situ characterization techniques, the investigation of aluminum sol–gel progress is lacking. In this study, combined with molecular dynamics simulation and conventional experimental methods, the microstructures, rheological properties, and gelation process of the carboxylic aluminum sol system were studied. The experimental results showed that, with the increase in solid content, the microstructure of the colloid developed from a loose and porous framework to a homogeneous and compact structure. The viscosity of aluminum sol decreased significantly with the increase in temperature, and a temperature above 318 k was more conducive to improving the fluidity. The simulation results show that the increase in free volume and the connectivity of pores in colloidal framework structure were the key factors to improve fluidity. In addition, free water molecules had a higher migration rate, which could assist the rotation and rearrangement of macromolecular chains and also played an essential role in improving fluidity. The Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) results were consistent with experimental results and broaden the scope of experimental research, providing necessary theoretical guidance for enhancing the spinning properties of aluminum sol.
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Lampe, L., K. Wienhold, G. Meyer, F. Baisch, H. Maass, W. Hollmann und R. Rost. „Effects of simulated microgravity (HDT) on blood fluidity“. Journal of Applied Physiology 73, Nr. 4 (01.10.1992): 1366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1366.
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Exposures to microgravity and head-down tilt (HDT) produce similar changes in body fluid. This causes an increase in hematocrit that significantly affects hemorheological values. Lack of physical stimulation under bed rest conditions and the relative immobility of the crew during spaceflight also affects the blood fluidity. A group of six healthy male subjects participated as volunteers, and blood samples were collected 10 days before, on day 2 and day 9, and 2 days after the HDT phase. Blood rheology was quantified by plasma viscometry, red cell aggregability, and red cell deformability. A reduced red cell deformability, an indication of the diminished quality of the red blood cells, was measured under HDT conditions that finally led to the so-called “space flight anemia.” Enhanced red cell membrane fragility induced by diminished physical activity and an increase in hemoglobin concentration are responsible for this effect. Plasma viscosity is reduced as a result of diminished plasma proteins. However, despite the reduction in plasma proteins, including fibrinogen, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and immunoglobulin M, red cell aggregation was enhanced, principally because of the increase in hematocrit. Our results of hemorheological alterations under HDT conditions may help to elucidate the formerly documented hematologic changes during spaceflight.
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Visioli, Francesco, und Andrea Poli. „Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Risk. Evidence, Lack of Evidence, and Diligence“. Nutrients 12, Nr. 12 (09.12.2020): 3782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123782.
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One of the most controversial areas of nutrition research relates to fats, particularly essential fatty acids, in the context of cardiovascular disease risk. A critical feature of dietary fatty acids is that they incorporate into the plasma membrane, modifying fluidity and key physiological functions. Importantly, they can reshape the bioavailability of eicosanoids and other lipid mediators, which direct cellular responses to external stimuli, such as inflammation and chronic stress conditions. This paper provides an overview of the most recent evidence, as well as historical controversies, linking fat consumption with human health and disease. We underscore current pitfalls in the area of fatty acid research and critically frame fatty acid intake in the larger context of diet and behavior. We conclude that fundamental research on fatty acids and lipids is appropriate in certain areas, but the rigor and reproducibility are lacking in others. The pros and cons are highlighted throughout the review, seeking to guide future research on the important area of nutrition, fat intake, and cardiovascular disease risk.
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Bilohubkina, Karyna, Olena Fedorenko, Ruslan Kryvobok und Artem Zakharov. „DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR THE FORMATION OF FASTS BY THE SLIDING CASTING METHOD“. Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Innovation researches in students’ scientific work, Nr. 2 (16.12.2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2220-4784.2021.02.03.
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The materials of the article consider the effectiveness of additives for stabilization and dilution of clay-free slippers. For theproduction of radio-transparent ceramic materials of Celsius-Willemite composition, the most efficient and energy-saving methodof production is the method of slip casting. According to the charge composition, this technology is complicated by the lack of claycomponents, which shows the need to use impurities to improve the rheology of such a slip. The main characteristics of aqueousceramic slippers are density, humidity, fluidity, viscosity, density factor, rate of mass accumulation. The slip must meet thefollowing requirements: be free from foam and gas inclusions, have satisfactory fluidity under low viscosity; be aggregativelystable (characterized by the absence of aggregation, coagulation and sedimentation of solid phase particles); have a high filteringcapacity to ensure fast and defect-free weight gain; to be chemically inert, to provide sufficient strength and low shrinkage of semifinished products, as well as the possibility of their easy release from the mold.
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Sadlier, Aoife. „Discussion paper: Humans don’t fit in boxes: Reconfiguring female (a)sexualities for the 21st century“. PsyPag Quarterly 1, Nr. 101 (Dezember 2016): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpspag.2016.1.101.37.
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This paper seeks to reconfigure female (a)sexualities, beyond the current definition of asexuality as a ‘lack’ of sexual attraction, drawing on empirical work with five women, who experienced sexual fluidity in their trajectories. The paper has two parts. The first explores the constraining nature of sexual orientation labels. I draw on Diamond’s (2009) work on female sexual fluidity and the accounts of two queer/asexual-identified women, arguing that female (a)sexualities cannot be fitted neatly into a box. The second examines the accounts of three other women, who asserted that there is a need for a new term to hold a broader range of female subjectivities. I draw on Braidotti’s (2006) theory of nomadic subjectivity to work towards a conception, which goes beyond the commodification of female desire under capitalism. Ultimately, the aim is to begin thinking beyond labels, which are themselves products of patriarchy and capitalism, to create a more ethical society for all.
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Wang, Yiru, Qinglin Zheng, Hetao Su, Zijun Huang und Gengyu Wang. „Synthesis and Characteristics of a pH-Sensitive Sol-Gel Transition Colloid for Coal Fire Extinguishing“. Gels 9, Nr. 1 (14.01.2023): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9010069.
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Coal fires, most of which are triggered by the spontaneous combustion of coal, cause a huge waste of resources and release poisonous and harmful substances into the environment, seriously threatening the safety of industrial production. Gel flame retardant plays a core role in coal fire prevention and extinguishing. Most gel flame retardants used in coal fires possess good sealing and oxygen isolation properties, but it is difficult for them to flow deep into fire areas due to their low fluidity. Some fire extinguishing agents with good fluidity lack leak-blocking performance. In order to simultaneously improve the fluidity, leakage sealing, and oxygen isolation effects of coal fire extinguishing colloids, a novel, pH-sensitive, sol-gel transition colloid was prepared using low methoxyl pectin (LMP), calcium bentonite (Ca-Bt), sodium bentonite (Na-Bt), and water as the main components. When the initial sol-state colloid absorbed acid gas products from coal combustion, the pH value decreased and a large amount of Ca2+ in Ca-Bt precipitated, thus immediately growing calcium bridges with LMP molecules that formed a three-dimensional network structure for gelation. The optimum ratio of the new colloid was determined through X-ray diffraction, tube inversion, shock shear-temperature scanning, and genetic algorithm. By testing the fire extinguishing performance of the colloid, the findings proved that the product had good oxygen isolation performance, strong adhesion ability, high thermal stability, and strong inhibition effects on coal combustion.
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Paniagua Pérez, Jesús. „La crisis agraria de 1878-1881 en León“. Estudios humanísticos. Geografía, historia y arte, Nr. 10 (09.02.2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ehgha.v0i10.6732.
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<span>In this paper, the influence of the agrarian crisis between 1879 and 1881 on the economy and society in León (Spain) is described. Whith the data provided by the newspapers about de prices of cereals, the lack of fluidity in the marketing of basic products during the crisis as well as the social response to it: the debate around the social issue, the socialism, and the charitable and educative enterprises emerging in those years is analyzed.</span>
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Ahmad, Jawad, Mohamed Moafak Arbili, Ali Majdi, Fadi Althoey, Ahmed Farouk Deifalla und Cut Rahmawati. „Performance of concrete reinforced with jute fibers (natural fibers): A review“. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 17 (Januar 2022): 155892502211218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221121871.
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Natural fibers are an excellent alternative since they are inexpensive and easily accessible in fibrous form. Several researchers claim that jute fiber (JTF) can be used in concrete to improve its strength and durability performance. This review describes the characteristics and potential uses of some jute fibers in concrete. The main theme of this review is to summarize the effect of JTF on fresh properties of concrete, strength parameters, and durability characteristics. It can be concluded that jute fibers improved strength and durability aspect but decreased the fluidity of concrete in a similar way to synthetic fibers. However, there is little research available on the durability of concrete reinforced with JTF. Furthermore, the optimum percentage of JTF in concrete is critical as the higher dose adversely affects strength and durability characteristics due to lack fluidity. The typical range of optimum dose of JTF varies from 1% to 2% depending on the length and diameter of jute fibers. The review also identifies the key for future researchers to further, enhance the properties of concrete reinforced with JTF.
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Ernst, E., A. Matrai, E. Vinnemeier und M. Marshall. „Blood Rheology in Post-Thrombotic Syndrome — A Pilot Study“. Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 3, Nr. 3 (September 1988): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835558800300309.
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Patients suffering from post-thromobotic syndrome are compared to controls in terms of ex-vivo measurements to quantify the rheological behavior of blood: blood and plasma viscosity, haematocrit, red cell aggregation, red cell filterability, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma fibrinogen. The results show that plasma viscosity, red cell filterability, ESR and fibrinogen are significantly changed indicating a lack of blood fluidity in post-thrombotic disease. It is suggested that the rheological deficit and the venous pathology both contribute to a disturbed microcirculation in the affected limb.
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Gutierrez-Ocaña, M. T., S. Senar, M. A. Perez-Albarsanz und M. N. Recio. „Lindane-induced modifications to membrane lipid structure: Effect on membrane fluidity after subchronic treament“. Bioscience Reports 12, Nr. 4 (01.08.1992): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01122802.
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Chronic lindane intoxication by injecting subcutaneously the toxicant, resulted in an altered lipid pattern in rat ventral prostate membranes. An increase of membrane fluidity was also observed using a fluorescence polarization technique. When in vitro experiments were carried out with both treated and untreated rats, an interesting lack of parallelism was found, which could indicate the development of a resistance to membrane disordering by lindane. The observed changes in cholesterol and phospholipid composition are also consistent with the hypothesis that lindane perturbs the lipid matrix of membranes, possibly inducing complex compensatory changes in the membrane lipid composition.
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Miller, Petr, und Lynn M. McMullen. „Mechanism for temperature-dependent production of piscicolin 126“. Microbiology 160, Nr. 8 (01.08.2014): 1670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.078030-0.
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Piscicolin 126 is a class 2a bacteriocin produced by Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strains UAL26 and JG126. Whilst strain UAL26 shows temperature-dependent piscicolin 126 production, strain JG126 produces bacteriocin at any growth temperature. Several clones containing combinations of the ATP-binding cassette transporter (pisT) and transporter accessory (pisE) genes from JG126 and UAL26 were created and tested for bacteriocin production. Bacteriocin production at 25 °C was observed only for a clone containing both pisT and pisE from JG126 (U-TJEJ) and a clone containing pisT from UAL26 and pisE from JG126 (U-BamTUEJ). Therefore, the deletion of a single CG base pair located on pisE of UAL26 that results in a frameshift and truncation of PisE causes the temperature-dependent piscicolin 126 production. Bacteriocin production of UAL26 was induced at 25 °C by the addition of supernatant containing the autoinducer peptide (AIP); however, the antimicrobial activity was lost after two subsequent overnight cultivations due to the presumed lack of the AIP. Changes in membrane fluidity due to changes in temperature or the presence of 2-phenylethanol (PHE) affected bacteriocin production of UAL26, but not of clones U-TJEJ or U-BamTUEJ. Similarly, increased membrane fluidity due to PHE addition reduced production of sakacin A in Lactobacillus sakei Lb706 and Lactobacillus curvatus LTH 1174. The mechanism involved in the temperature-dependent piscicolin 126 production was described. Due to the conformational change in PisE at 25 °C, the transport machinery was not able to translocate AIP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that links membrane fluidity with the regulation of bacteriocin production.
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Hazelwood, Caleb. „Synthetic Biology and Natural Kinds“. Stance: an international undergraduate philosophy journal 10, Nr. 1 (19.04.2017): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/s.10.1.14-23.
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In the life sciences, biologists and philosophers lack a unifying concept of species—one that will reconcile intuitive demarcations of taxa with the fluidity of phenotypes found in nature. One such attempt at solving this “species problem” is known as Homeostatic Property Cluster theory (HPC), which suggests that species are not defined by singular essences, but by clusters of properties that a species tends to possess. I contend that the arbitrary nature of HPC’s kind criteria would permit a biological brand of functionalism to inform species boundaries, thereby validating synthetic organisms as members of a species that do not belong
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Li, Tianqi, Bixiong Li, Lianghui Li, Zhiwen Wang, Zhibo Zhang und Qingshun Nong. „Replacing Fly Ash or Silica Fume with Tuff Powder for Concrete Engineering in Plateau Areas: Hydration Mechanism and Feasibility Study“. Buildings 14, Nr. 5 (26.04.2024): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051232.
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Abundant tuff mineral resources offer a promising solution to the shortage of fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) resources as emerging supplementary cementitious materials. However, a lack of clarity on its hydration mechanism has hindered its practical engineering application. In this study, high SiO2-content tuff powder (TP) was examined to assess the mechanical and workability performance of mortar specimens with varying particle sizes of the TP as complete replacements for FA or SF. Microscopic analysis techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTG), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), were employed to elucidate the hydration mechanism of the TP and its feasibility as a substitute for SF or FA. Results indicated that TP primarily functions as nuclei and filler, promoting cement hydration, with smaller particle sizes amplifying the hydration ability and increasing Ca(OH)2 and C-S-H gel content. The specimens with TP (median particle size 7.58 μm) demonstrated 9.2% and 29.9% higher flexural and compressive strengths at 28 days, respectively, compared to the FA specimens of equal mass. However, fluidity decreased by 23.1% accordingly. Due to TP’s smaller specific surface area compared to SF, the TP specimens exhibited higher fluidity but with decreased strength relative to the SF specimens. Overall, TP shows potential as a replacement for FA with additional measures to ensure workability.
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Gao, Hang, You Zhi Fu, Jian Hui Zhu, Ming Yu Wu und Yu Wen Sun. „Study on the Characteristics of New Abrasive Medium for Abrasive Flow Machining“. Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.417.
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Abrasive medium plays an important role in the application of abrasive flow machining (AFM), a process that finishes complex internal and external geometries. A new abrasive medium needs to be fabricated due to a lack of literature on it. In this work, a new abrasive medium was fabricated by using styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as carrier and DF-101S was used to study its characterization. Results showed that new abrasive medium with good fluidity and temperature stability was obtained. Processing experiments have also been carried out by using new abrasive medium and MLLD60, and ZYGO was used to study the surface characteristics of the work-piece. Experimental results indicate that the new abrasive medium is applicable to AFM process.
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Abraham, Nevine. „Censorship, public opinion and the representation of Coptic minority in contemporary Egyptian cinema: The case of Amr Salama’s Lamo’aķhza (Excuse My French) (2014)“. Journal of African Cinemas 13, Nr. 2 (01.12.2021): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jac_00053_1.
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Censorship decisions on cinematic works in Egypt have been characterized by their inconsistency due to the intentional lack of definition of what would constitute a threat to politics, religion and morality. Such fluidity has forced filmmakers to practise self-censorship and deterred them from tackling Coptic problems for fear of igniting sectarianism, as censorship would claim. This article shows the role of public opinion during the period of political instability and aspiration for freedom after the 25 January 2011 Egyptian Revolution in facilitating the approval of the controversial script of Amr Salama’s Excuse My French (2014), which deals with the issue of discrimination against minority Copts in public schools, after five rejections by the censors.
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Koceva-Chyla, Aneta, Krzysztof Gwozdzinski, Malgorzata Moderska und Zofia Jozwiak. „LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN CHANGES IN PLASMA MEMBRANE FLUIDITY AND INHIBITION OF CELL GROWTH INDUCED BY ANTHRACYCLINES IN IMMORTAL RODENT CELLS“. Biochemical Society Transactions 24, Nr. 4 (01.11.1996): 554S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst024554sb.
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Nechaev, Vladimir N. „Technological process of grain molasses production: ways to optimize“. Agricultural Engineering, Nr. 5 (2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2023-5-11-16.
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Enriching the diet of cows with grain molasses increases the energy value of forage. Lack of data on the grain crumbling force acting in the process of fodder preparation; viscosity and fluidity of grain molasses depending on the type of cereal crop prevents finding possible ways to improve grain molasses production. To solve this problem, the author compared physical and mechanical characteristics of the grain of spring barley (the Raushan variety), winter rye (the Grafinya variety), and spring wheat (the Moskovskaya 35 variety) on the force of crumbling. The study proved that the maximum force of grain crumbling (10 N) is characteristic of barley (1.06 times more than winter rye and 2.00 times more than spring wheat). It was also found that the use of a passive grain crusher with a grating accelerates grain crushing by 15.0% on average. The study revealed the relationship between the force of grain crumbling, circulation time of water-grain mixture in the water circuit of the plant, temperature, kinematic viscosity of water-grain mixture, and the fluidity of grain molasses. The maximum viscosity potential of the water-grain mixture was observed in the temperature range of 34 to 56°C, and the viscosity of water-rye mixture was higher than that of water-wheat and water-barley mixtures. It was found that the use of crushed grain increases the starting value of the mixture viscosity by 10 times as compared to the whole grain. However, at 60°C this difference does not exceed 4% (as exemplified by spring barley). The kinematic viscosity of the finished product during post-fermentation for wheat and barley molasses increases in 2.7 and 1.6 times, respectively, while for rye molasses it decreases in 1.2 times. The fluidity of wheat molasses is 0.129∙10-3 сP-1 , rye - 0.53∙10‑3 сP-1 , barley - 0.3∙10‑3 сP-1 . To optimize grain molasses production, it is necessary to feed crushed barley into the technological container, or feed whole barley at water temperature less than 30°C; reduce the percentage ratio of wheat grain to water during feeding or add water at the end of the working process
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Keizer, Veer I. P., Simon Grosse-Holz, Maxime Woringer, Laura Zambon, Koceila Aizel, Maud Bongaerts, Fanny Delille et al. „Live-cell micromanipulation of a genomic locus reveals interphase chromatin mechanics“. Science 377, Nr. 6605 (29.07.2022): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abi9810.
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Our understanding of the physical principles organizing the genome in the nucleus is limited by the lack of tools to directly exert and measure forces on interphase chromosomes in vivo and probe their material nature. Here, we introduce an approach to actively manipulate a genomic locus using controlled magnetic forces inside the nucleus of a living human cell. We observed viscoelastic displacements over micrometers within minutes in response to near-piconewton forces, which are consistent with a Rouse polymer model. Our results highlight the fluidity of chromatin, with a moderate contribution of the surrounding material, revealing minor roles for cross-links and topological effects and challenging the view that interphase chromatin is a gel-like material. Our technology opens avenues for future research in areas from chromosome mechanics to genome functions.
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Mead, Lorraine B., Hideomi Nakamura, Theodore E. Lang und Jimmie D. Dent. „Comparison of Experimental and Computer Modeling of Snow-Block Impact on Structures“. Journal of Glaciology 32, Nr. 112 (1986): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000011989.
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AbstractData from experimental tests of snow-block impact against vertical barriers are used to establish values of parameters in order to computer-model the impact mechanics. The results show that total impulse, impact force, and duration of impact can be modeled by accurate specification of the kinematic viscosity in the fluid representation. In modeling the highly transient impact, kinematic viscosity of the material is determined to vary linearly with the impact velocity. This non-physical condition is attributed to lack of accountability of compressibility effects in the computer model, and reduces modeling to an empirical approach. A biviscous modeling of the impact process is in near correspondence to linear viscous modeling, due to dominant importance of block momentum on impact rather than fluidity of material in the impact region.
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Mead, Lorraine B., Hideomi Nakamura, Theodore E. Lang und Jimmie D. Dent. „Comparison of Experimental and Computer Modeling of Snow-Block Impact on Structures“. Journal of Glaciology 32, Nr. 112 (1986): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000011989.
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AbstractData from experimental tests of snow-block impact against vertical barriers are used to establish values of parameters in order to computer-model the impact mechanics. The results show that total impulse, impact force, and duration of impact can be modeled by accurate specification of the kinematic viscosity in the fluid representation. In modeling the highly transient impact, kinematic viscosity of the material is determined to vary linearly with the impact velocity. This non-physical condition is attributed to lack of accountability of compressibility effects in the computer model, and reduces modeling to an empirical approach. A biviscous modeling of the impact process is in near correspondence to linear viscous modeling, due to dominant importance of block momentum on impact rather than fluidity of material in the impact region.
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Chen, Jiexiu, Yifei Sun und Junwen Zhu. „Navigating through the mists of cross-cultural journey: unpacking international scholars’ acculturation strategies at Chinese universities“. International Journal of Chinese Education 11, Nr. 3 (September 2022): 2212585X2211386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2212585x221138611.
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In the context of rapid development of internationalisation in Chinese higher education, as well as the increasing mobility of academics across country borders, more and more international scholars are seeking career opportunities in Chinese universities. Using 21 in-depth interviews, we investigated international scholars’ acculturation strategies at Chinese universities through Berry’s theoretical tools. We find that the adaptability of experienced international scholars are key indicators that have successfully led participants to achieve integration strategy, and we demonstrate how a lack of response and feedback from the institution might lead participants to the status of marginalisation and separation. Moreover, we emphasise that the individual strategy is not always freely chosen, but largely impacted and constrained by the contextual feature of institutional culture. We highlight the importance of notifying the dynamic nature of cross-cultural adaptation, and recognise the fluidity ingrained in this process.
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YU JOSE, LYDIA N. „Boundary Fluidity and Ideology: A Comparison of Japan's pre-World War II and Present Regionalisms“. Japanese Journal of Political Science 13, Nr. 1 (27.01.2012): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109911000260.
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AbstractThere is a question that has not been raised in the literature on Japan's regionalism: Why does it have a strong tendency toward making the boundary of the proposed East Asian community fluid? By looking back beyond the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere of the 1940s, a method hitherto untried, the paper shows that this Japanese propensity was also present in the first half of the twentieth century, especially in the 1920s and 1930s. Moreover, both then and now, Japan did not and does not have a firm adherence to an ideology. These are two similarities between the pre-World War II period and the present (from the 1960s). On the other hand, Japan's present international situation is very different from its pre-World War II position. The paper uses the logic of the ‘most different cases’ comparative method, which states that in two cases that are different in most aspects but the same in some, one or some of the similarities may explain the other similarity or similarities. It concludes that in both periods, the lack of a firm commitment to an ideology explains Japan's prejudice toward boundary fluidity. This explanation has the potential to contribute to a more comprehensive, if not yet a general theory of Japan's approach to regionalism because it applies not only to the present, but to the past as well. And it has to be stressed, the past refersnot onlyto the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere of the 1940s but also to the decades before.
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Maniyar, Mithun, Ashok Chandak und Chandrakant Kokare. „Lopinavir Loaded Spray Dried Liposomes with Penetration Enhancers for Cytotoxic Activity“. Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 20, Nr. 5 (09.12.2020): 724–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526519666191008112207.
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Objective: HIV protease inhibitors (HIV-PI) are the drugs utilized for the treatment of HIV. However, their effectiveness is limited due to lack of bioavailability and they need to be coadministered with another drug. In this study single lopinavir (LPV) loaded phospholipid vesicles were prepared by the spray-drying method. The LPV-loaded spray-dried powder (L-SDP) was transformed into vesicles and then entrapped in a cream base with peppermint and olive oil. Method: It is an Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) membrane fluidity study that is used to predict oil’s effect on skin. The central composite design was used to optimize the L-SDP cream formulation. Ex-vivo drug release, skin deposition study, and cell proliferation assays were carried out using cancer cell lines of breast, lung, and skin melanoma. Analysis of DNA by flow cytometry on human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was carried out. The fluorescence microscopy, histopathological study, and in-vivo bioavailability studies were performed to measure the penetration and inertness of cream in animals. Results: A membrane fluidity study revealed the effectiveness of oils as penetration enhancers. The L-SDP cream showed comparatively superior (%) drug deposition and permeability . Fluorescence images further confirm the penetration ability of the L-SDP cream which showed promising antiproliferative action on breast and lung cancer cells. The histopathological study demonstrates the inertness of cream while in-vivo bioavailability studies showed the many-fold increase in bioavailability of LPV. Conclusions: The liposomal drug delivery system of LPV has the potential to expose skin to systemic circulation and is useful for treating cancer.
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Popescu, Ana-Cristina. „Critical approaches to financial delegation in public education in post-communist Romania“. Management in Education 25, Nr. 2 (April 2011): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892020611398696.
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The article focuses on tracking financial delegation (introduced nationally in January 2010) as part of the broader process of education restructuring and decentralisation in post-communist Romania. The aim is to critically pinpoint some of the challenges specific to the Romanian context, such as the multitude of policies and legislation (due to the fluidity of the political system and hence of the Ministry of Education’s leadership), lack of consistency in the implementation of reforms, doubled by inappropriate corresponding financial legislation and communication between the various layers of responsibility (the Ministry of Education on the one hand and the Ministries of Public Finances and Administration and Interior on the other). One year after the enactment of financial delegation, Romanian education remains a terrain of challenges; many aspects are still unclear with regard to its implementation, outcomes and long-term effects on the system and its actors which ask for further research.
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Kies, Jonathan K., und Robert C. Williges. „Augmenting the Critical Incident Method to Evaluate Desktop Video Conferencing“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, Nr. 37 (Juli 2000): 594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403713.
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Evaluating computer-mediated computer systems requires different usability engineering methods than those applied to traditional user interfaces. In this paper, the critical incident method was used in conjunction with communication performance measures, ethnographic analyses, and questionnaires to help understand the differences between face-to-face communication and desktop video conferencing applications as well as the effects of degraded video quality on communication. Four groups of students working on design projects were observed weekly for seven weeks. After each session, group members were interviewed and asked to discuss communication problems associated with the conferencing system. The combination of analyses resulted in the identification of several usability themes: conversation fluidity problems, lack of effective task support tools, the impact of work activity organization, the effects of time, group size problems, and problems associated with video quality. Combining the critical incident method with other methods yielded insights not attainable through traditional usability engineering metrics.
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Dybowski, Bartlomiej, Robert Jarosz, Andrzej Kiełbus und Jan Cwajna. „Influence of Pouring Temperature on Castability and Microstructure of QE22 and RZ5 Magnesium Casting Alloys“. Solid State Phenomena 191 (August 2012): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.191.137.
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Magnesium alloys are widely used in automotive and aerospace industries due to their great connection of low density and good mechanical properties. They are also characterized by good castability and weldability. Their weak high temperature properties and corrosion resistance, led to development of magnesium alloys containing rare earth elements. Casting is the most popular way of manufacturing magnesium elements. However, there is a lack of investigations concerning impact of different factors on fluidity of these alloys. This paper presents results of investigations on influence of pouring temperature on castability and microstructure of QE22 and RZ5 magnesium alloys. In case of QE22 alloy, the filling length of the liquid alloy increased with the increasing pouring temperature. In RZ5 no such dependence was noted. This is probably caused by oxide films in the structure of material. Grain refinement and eutectics volume fraction also didn’t present correlation with pouring temperature.
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Vlahopoulos, Spiros, Ke Wang, Yaoyao Xue, Xu Zheng, Istvan Boldogh und Lang Pan. „Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections“. Cells 10, Nr. 11 (07.11.2021): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113067.
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The bronchial vascular endothelial network plays important roles in pulmonary pathology during respiratory viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A(H1N1) and importantly SARS-Cov-2. All of these infections can be severe and even lethal in patients with underlying risk factors.A major obstacle in disease prevention is the lack of appropriate efficacious vaccine(s) due to continuous changes in the encoding capacity of the viral genome, exuberant responsiveness of the host immune system and lack of effective antiviral drugs. Current management of these severe respiratory viral infections is limited to supportive clinical care. The primary cause of morbidity and mortality is respiratory failure, partially due to endothelial pulmonary complications, including edema. The latter is induced by the loss of alveolar epithelium integrity and by pathological changes in the endothelial vascular network that regulates blood flow, blood fluidity, exchange of fluids, electrolytes, various macromolecules and responses to signals triggered by oxygenation, and controls trafficking of leukocyte immune cells. This overview outlines the latest understanding of the implications of pulmonary vascular endothelium involvement in respiratory distress syndrome secondary to viral infections. In addition, the roles of infection-induced cytokines, growth factors, and epigenetic reprogramming in endothelial permeability, as well as emerging treatment options to decrease disease burden, are discussed.
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Seguin, Maureen, Jhaki Mendoza, Eunice Mallari, Gideon Lasco, Arianna Maever L Amit, Lia M. Palileo-Villanueva, Benjamin Palafox, Alicia Renedo, Martin McKee und Dina Balabanova. „Participant Use of Digital Diaries in Qualitative Research: A Strong Structuration Analysis“. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 21 (Januar 2022): 160940692211247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221124725.
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Lived experiences of chronic conditions are marked by fluidity and change, which should be considered if care is to be truly patient-centered. Seeking to capture this fluidity, we used digital diaries via mobile phones to communicate with hypertensive patients in the Philippines over approximately 12 months. This paper draws on Strong Structuration Theory to conceptualize the complex array of factors shaping participants’ usage (and non-usage) of the diaries, thereby offering a comprehensive understanding of how the diaries were perceived and used. We draw on qualitative data from 42 participants (73 baseline/follow-up interviews and 37 digital diaries), purposively selected from a larger pool of quantitative participants, as well as existing literature and our own study documents. The Philippines ‘digital divide' presented barriers to the usage of the diaries, stemming from a lack of access and mobile signal especially in socioeconomically marginalized rural areas. Within this context, the sharing of mobile phones both enabled and constricted diary participation. Guided by Strong Structuration Theory, we observed three cycles of structuration evident in participants’ usage of diaries. The first pertained to the frequency and mode of engagement. A low level of engagement was observed, stemming from negative or ambivalent attitudes toward texting and other factors. Conversely, mobile phone ‘top-ups’ enabled participation. Participant usage of the diaries as tools for monitoring hypertension and to request health advice comprise the second and third structuration cycles. These usages contrast with researchers’ intended usage of the diaries and with the original brief given to participants. The conflict between participants’ and researchers’ understanding of the appropriate uses of the diaries represents the dynamic field of position-practice relations, wherein agents are situated and interact, either perpetuating or challenging existing societal structures. Our findings underline the importance of considering macro- and meso-level factors when considering or conducting research using digital diaries.
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Cazacu, Nicolae, Aurelia Bradu und Nicolae Florea. „Self Compacting Concrete Structures: A Techno-Economic Analysis“. Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (März 2017): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.624.
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The concept of self-compacting concrete (SCC) was performed in late 1980 by Japanese researchers as a solution for the lack of skilled workers and decreasing quality in building industry. The high fluidity of SCC allows flowing under its own weight, filling completely the formwork without any vibration or material segregation, providing a higher quality of the concrete surface. Since its discovery, a large number of researcher studied its rheological properties, adjusted mix design methods and analysed mechanical characteristics. The placement method for conventionally concrete is no more valid for SCC, as mixture behaviour changed substantially. This aspect was less examined and the published material is inconsistent, even though it plays an essential role in the assessment of the global cost of a building. The aim of this study is to investigate materials cost, the labour requirements, formwork demands, methods of placement and construction time for building a structure using SCC and vibrated concrete and compare the results.
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Scott, D. Travers, Evan Brody und Katrina Pariera. „“You're a Cog in a System that Needs to Work”: Conditional Acceptance of LGBTQ College Athletes“. QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking 10, Nr. 1 (01.02.2023): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/qed.10.1.0099.
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Abstract A thematic analysis of interviews with lesbian, gay, and transgender US athletes who were out while playing varsity collegiate sports is examined for LGBTQ and athletic identifications. Conceptualizing being out as an ongoing process, we asked participants to describe their experiences over the years they were playing. Participants described athletic identifications as superordinate to and predating LGBTQ identifications. Although they initially anticipated overt conflict while out, they experienced more implicit than explicit homo/transnegativity. We draw upon theoretical perspectives of common in-group identity model and superordinate identity to analyze their descriptions. However, given that such models treat identities as separate, interacting things, they lack the dynamism and fluidity of contemporary queer perspectives, we add the concept of entanglement. Identifications were described as entangled in supportive ways but conditioned upon prioritizing athletic identifications as superordinate. We conclude urging scholarship on LGBTQ athletes to move past conflict-based expectations of explicit homophobia.
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Sammen, Saad Shauket, Marwah Qaddoori Majeed und Qutaiba G. Majeed. „Stability Assessment of Zoned Earth Dam under Water Particles Fluidity Effect: Hemren Dam as Case Study“. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 79, Nr. 2 (15.01.2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.79.2.2738.
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Recently the numerical modeling using finite element method is take into account as a very effective tool to investigate the desired behavior of structures in geotechnical engineering. Earth dams are a water retention structures that are normally wide constructed around the world due to its significant features. These structures may be failed due to exposure to an earthquake and this will result in disaster. The main objective of this study is to assess the slope stability and the seismic response of an earthen dam. Since the matter of seismic response is still have a considerable lack of information for earth dams as a unique structure. Hemren zoned earth dam that is located in Diyala governorate, northeast of Iraq that considered as an active seismic zone has been considered as case study. Numerical modeling has been done in this study using Geo studio software. Factor of safety was calculated with different water levels in order to evaluate the dam safety with different operation water level. The excited earthquake is Elcentro while three values of peak ground acceleration were used which are 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 g and the duration time is scaled to 10 seconds. In addition, three key points (at the core, the shell and the foundation) that represent the dam construction material are used to evaluate the dynamic response within the dam body. The results revealed that the factor of safety is increased when the water level is increase, but in the increasing in the magnitude of factor of safety with water depths of (10 and 15) m was more than the other depth. The zone of the dam core shows a negative pore water pressure value. That leads to an increasing in effective stress at the core of the dam.
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Putra, Muhammad Rezki F., Reza Taufiqi Ivana, Danang Yugo Pratomo, Adhiela Noer Syaief und Rusuminto Syahyuniar. „PENINGKATAN MAMPU ALIR (FLUIDITY) DAN PENURUNAN NILAI SUSUTAN PADUAN Al-Cu DENGAN SEMI-SOLID RHEOCASTING“. Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Pembelajaran 5, Nr. 2 (23.12.2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um054v5i2p81-88.
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AbstrakIndustri otomotif sebagian besar pada penggunaan part dan komponen lainnya masih menggunakan paduan aluminium dengan proses pengecoran. Salah satu paduan dengan perlakuan panas yang baik dan karakteristik perbandingan kekuatan dengan berat jenis yang baik yaitu Al-Cu, namun dengan karakteristik demikian paduan ini juga memiliki kekurangan mampu alir dan susutan yang besar. Dalam percobaan ini melakukan proses pengecoran semi-solid rheocast denan variasi lama pengadukan menggunakan paduan al-cu sebagai bahan untuk dilakukan peningkatan mampu alir dan penurunan nilai susutan dari paduan. Dari hasil percobaan didapatkan hasil cukup baik pada mampu alir dengan penambahan panjang aliran logam dengan perbedaan ketebalan cetakan didapatkan nilai paling tinggi dilamanya waktu pengadukan 540 dengan ketebalam 1 mm;9,8mm, 1,5 mm; 15 mm,1,8mm; 17 mm, 2 mm; 22 mm. Penurunan nilai susutan yang didapat juga cukup baik dari hasil proses semi-solid rheocast menghasilkan penurunan sebanyak 48,9% dari tanpa proses rheocasting dengan yang diberikan proses rheocasting menggunakan variasi lama waktu pengadukan. Kata kunci— Al-Cu, Rheocasting, Penyusutan, Mampu Alir Abstract Most of the Automotive Industry use parts and other components still use aluminum alloys with the casting process. One of the alloys with good heat treatment and good characteristics of the ratio of strength to specific gravity is Al-Cu, but with such characteristics this alloy also has a lack of large flowability and shrinkage. In this experiment, a semi-solid rheocast casting process was carried out with various stirring times using al-cu alloy as a material to increase the flowability and reduce the shrinkage value of the alloy. From the experimental results, it was found that the flowability was quite good with the addition of metal flow length with a difference in mold thickness, the highest value was the mixing time of 540 with a thickness of 1 mm; 9.8 mm, 1.5 mm; 15mm,1.8mm; 17mm, 2mm; 22mm. The decrease in shrinkage value obtained was also quite good from the results of the semi-solid rheocast process resulting in a reduction of 48.9% from that without the rheocasting process given the rheocasting process using variations in the length of stirring time. Keywords— Al-Cu, Rheocasting, Shrinkage, Fluidity
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Dixson, Renee E. „What About Us?“ International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion (IJIDI) 5, Nr. 4 (21.12.2021): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/ijidi.v5i4.36524.
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This article outlines the research being undertaken to develop the Assembling Queer Displacements Archive (AQDA). This open digital archive is the central focus of a research project that will address the lack of understanding of LGBTIQ+[i] experiences of forced displacement. These experiences are unique but have not received adequate attention. The existing body of work on ‘queering archives’ has been focused on challenging the archival approaches and practices in order to either queer these practices and/or make them more inclusive. However, this work has tended to ignore LGBTIQ+ stories of forced displacement. One reason for this lack of engagement is the lack of direct knowledge and experience of such stories by the researchers and archivists themselves. My positionality as an LGBTIQ+ forcibly displaced person has motivated me to embark on the present research project and to demonstrate inclusive practices to address these gaps in archives. In this article I explore the role that positionality plays in creating an LGBTIQ+ forced displacement archive. I offer solutions for creating an inclusive practice to collect stories of LGBTIQ+ forcibly displaced people. These solutions have the potential to support a range of digital archival projects that engage with structurally marginalised and oppressed communities. [i] It is important to acknowledge that LGBTIQ+ acronym is a Western terminology, which has become adopted in non-western countries for a variety of reasons (Anzaldua, 2009). These reasons include this terminology being a legacy of colonisation, a potential lack of respectful terminology in country languages and out of necessity to adopt commonly used language when engaging globally. These reasons are not limited to those above and may vary in different contexts. When using a term ‘LGBTIQ+’ in this article I am referring to the diversity of sex, gender, sexual orientation, bodies and relationships. The ‘plus’ sign in the acronym signals fluidity and further possible identifications.
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Simpson, Roona. „The Intimate Relationships of Contemporary Spinsters“. Sociological Research Online 11, Nr. 3 (September 2006): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1422.
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Several theorists of social change have argued that there are profound transformations in social interactions emerging in the context of wider social, cultural and economic change, including a shift to greater choice and fluidity in personal relationships. Alongside this, there has been widespread academic support for the notion of individualism as a major explanation of family change, with several commentators raising concerns that changing familial forms signal increasing self-centredness and a decline in commitments to others. Remaining single can be seen as paradigmatic of such individualisation, and single women in particular risk being characterised by their lack of connection to significant others. However, there has been relatively little empirical attention to the relationships of single people. This paper draws on research on never-married single women in Britain and analyses their relationships with both kin and non-kin in relation to claimed transformations in intimacy prevalent in contemporary debates. It concludes by considering the implications of the main findings of this research for sociological debates about the changing conceptions of both intimacy and ‘the family’.
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Weyland, Kurt. „The Brazilian State in the New Democracy“. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 39, Nr. 4 (1998): 63–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166424.
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How does a country's transition to democracy affect the state? This question is of great importance, given the crucial role that the state has played in the economic, social, and political development of most countries affected by the “third wave” of democratization. Yet this topic has received insufficient scholarly attention. Indeed, definitional assumptions may make this question appear a non-issue: because the state is regarded as more permanent than a political regime, which can change with disturbing frequency, democratic transitions are often assumed to leave the state unchanged. Latin America's “politicized states” (Chalmers, 1977; Power, 1991), however, lack institutional stability. Given the fluidity of state structures in the region, democratization may have a profound effect on the state. It may help institutionalize the state and make it more autonomous from established social forces, or, by contrast, it may further corrode the internal unity and undermine the strength of the state. Because the state has assumed an enormously wide range of responsibilities in Brazil, this country constitutes an especially good case for analysis.
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Thinh, Ngo Kien, und Yun Gao. „Understanding the Informal Morphology of Villages-in-the-City: A Case Study in Hanoi City, Vietnam“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 23 (27.11.2021): 13136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313136.
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This paper explores the production of space in the villages-in-the-city (ViCs) through a morphological perspective. During the urbanization process, rural villages originally located in the peri-area of a metropolis are eventually merged into the urban landscape. Due to lack of proper planning, these villages have faced serious criticism due to informality, self-organized development and sub-standard living conditions, and planning policies tend to focus on demolition rather than on incrementally upgrading ViCs on the same site. In this paper, we focus on the fluidity of spaces in ViCs by drawing on a case study in Hanoi, Vietnam. The key research methods are mapping, observation and visual recording. The findings illustrate how informal urbanism works in ViCs regarding spatial structure, public/private interfaces and incremental upgrading. On a theoretical level, this research helps to enrich the description of the morphological characteristics of ViCs with relation to the effects of rapid urbanization. On a practical level, this study contributes to the ways in which researchers and planners can engage with incremental changes in the integrated village.
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Suchodolski, Jakub, Jakub Muraszko, Przemysław Bernat und Anna Krasowska. „A Crucial Role for Ergosterol in Plasma Membrane Composition, Localisation, and Activity of Cdr1p and H+-ATPase in Candida albicans“. Microorganisms 7, Nr. 10 (22.09.2019): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7100378.
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Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. Treatment of C. albicans infections relies on azoles, which target the lanosterol 14α-demethylase (Erg11p) encoded by the ERG11 gene. Our results show that targeted gene disruption of ERG11 can result in resistance to ergosterol-dependent drugs (azoles and amphotericin B), auxotrophy and aerobically viable erg11Δ/Δ cells. Abnormal sterol deposition and lack of ergosterol in the erg11Δ/Δ strain leads to reduced plasma membrane (PM) fluidity, as well as dysfunction of the vacuolar and mitochondrial membranes, resulting respectively in defects in vacuole fusion and a reduced intracellular ATP level. The altered PM structure of the erg11Δ/Δ strain contributes to delocalisation of H+-ATPase and the Cdr1 efflux pump from the PM to vacuoles and, resulting in a decrease in PM potential (Δψ) and increased sensitivity to ergosterol-independent xenobiotics. This new insight into intracellular processes under Erg11p inhibition may lead to a better understanding of the indirect effects of azoles on C. albicans cells and the development of new treatment strategies for resistant infections.
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Bradu, Aurelia, Nicolae Cazacu und Nicolae Florea. „Self Compacting Concrete Properties of Medium Characteristic Strength“. Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (März 2017): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.272.
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Self-compacting concrete is a relatively new material in building industry, able to flow into place under its own weight, filling perfectly the formwork without vibration, avoiding segregation between cement paste and aggregate. The new technology allows to obtain a balance between deformability and stability with similar components of the conventionally vibrated concrete. The use of mineral admixtures provides savings and environmental benefits due to the consumption of by-products. Since its development SCC was widely used in precast industry due to higher powder content necessary to keep the self-compactibility. The use of SCC in situ application remains to be occasionally due to the lack in field research. In this paper are investigated 6 mixtures of SCC with different factorial design w/c ratio, limestone filler content, aggregate skeleton. The fluidity of concrete is attained by adjusted powder content and superplasticiser, no viscosity-modifying admixtures was used. Concrete properties in fresh state are evaluated according to EFNARC, from mechanical characteristic are examined compressive strength on the cube and cylinder specimen at 28 days and tensile strength
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Storek, Kelly M., Marcy R. Auerbach, Handuo Shi, Natalie K. Garcia, Dawei Sun, Nicholas N. Nickerson, Rajesh Vij et al. „Monoclonal antibody targeting the β-barrel assembly machine ofEscherichia coliis bactericidal“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, Nr. 14 (19.03.2018): 3692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800043115.
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The folding and insertion of integral β-barrel membrane proteins into the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is required for viability and bacterial pathogenesis. Unfortunately, the lack of selective and potent modulators to dissect β-barrel folding in vivo has hampered our understanding of this fundamental biological process. Here, we characterize a monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits an essential component of theEscherichia coliβ-barrel assembly machine, BamA. In the absence of complement or other immune factors, the unmodified antibody MAB1 demonstrates bactericidal activity against anE. colistrain with truncated LPS. Direct binding of MAB1 to an extracellular BamA epitope inhibits its β-barrel folding activity, induces periplasmic stress, disrupts outer membrane integrity, and kills bacteria. Notably, resistance to MAB1-mediated killing reveals a link between outer membrane fluidity and protein folding by BamA in vivo, underscoring the utility of this antibody for studying β-barrel membrane protein folding within a living cell. Identification of this BamA antagonist highlights the potential for new mechanisms of antibiotics to inhibit Gram-negative bacterial growth by targeting extracellular epitopes.
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Nazari, Ghawsaddin, Shunya Yamanaka und Shigeyuki Date. „Evaluation of Fresh Properties and Rheology of Mortar Using Carbon-Free Fly Ash and Normal Fly Ash“. Materials Science Forum 1005 (August 2020): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1005.76.
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Usage of mineral admixture and chemical admixture in concrete or mortar is a usual solution to reach full compaction, particularly where reinforcement blockage and lack of skilled labor happen. In this paper effect of mineral admixtures (Carbon-free fly ash, hereafter CfFA, and normal fly ash) on fresh properties and rheology of mortar have been investigated. As a result, it was confirmed that CfFA increased significantly the fluidity and air content of mortar in comparison to normal fly ash, both in 15% and 30% replacement; however, the flow loss and air stability within one hour were almost equal. In addition, the initial setting time has also been affected by variation of materials. The two mixing of 30% and 15% of CfFA had a shorter setting time in comparison to the mortar with normal fly ash. Furthermore, CfFA based mortar had a great influence on rheology of mortar. Compared to normal fly ash, CfFA Considerably decreased the plastic Viscosity and increased the productivity of the mortar, both in non-vibrated and vibrated condition, particularly those with 30% replacement.
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Fudge, Douglas S., E. Don Stevens und James S. Ballantyne. „No evidence for homeoviscous adaptation in a heterothermic tissue: tuna heat exchangers“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 275, Nr. 3 (01.09.1998): R818—R823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.3.r818.
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Many poikilotherms are known to adjust the membrane composition of their cells in response to a temperature change so that membrane fluidity, and therefore function, is conserved. Such compensatory changes in membrane composition are considered “homeoviscous adaptations.” In this study, we examined a heterothermic tissue, the visceral rete mirabile of the bluefin tuna, for evidence of homeoviscous adaptation. We measured the proportions of phospholipid fatty acids and phospholipid head groups as a function of position along the rete thermal gradient, which has been estimated to be ∼10°C. We found no effect of position along the rete on the composition of either phospholipid fatty acids or head groups. Our results were unexpected in light of our previous demonstration of compensation of metabolic enzyme activity in the same tissue. The lack of evidence for a homeoviscous response may be due to the fluctuating nature of the thermal gradient along the visceral retia; i.e., membranes may be adapted to a eurythermal existence rather than being fine-tuned to a particular temperature.
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Sri Kusumo Habsari. „The Spatiality of the Social Media Crowd in Okky Madasari’s <i>Kerumunan Terakhir</i>“. Asiatic: IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature 16, Nr. 1 (24.06.2022): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/asiatic.v16i1.2488.
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Okky Madasari’s Kerumunan Terakhir (2016) explores the complicated interaction between its male protagonist and the disruptive context of modern Indonesia following the triumph of communication technology. Her narrative illustrates the influences of feminine authority as embodied by the characters of the grandmother, mother, and girlfriend to the development of the protagonist’s subjectivity to adapt to the dynamics of space between tradition and modernity. Drawing loosely from three theoretical apparatuses by Lefebvre, Foucault, and Soja, this article attempts to explain the embodiment of spatial conflicts and the individual aspiration of future uncertainties. In his refusal to accept the unexpected trialectics of home, the protagonist seeks refuge by embracing the virtual world’s fluidity and lack of boundaries. Haunted by the influence of the three important women in his life and frustrated by his inability to define himself, he adjusts to living in the ambivalence of social media crowds, which offers him heterotopia and creates a thirdspace. This article discusses Okky Madasari’s pessimistic voice to individual vulnerability to the loudness of the virtual world, which created a disruptive space.
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Jiang, Bolin, Mengjun Wu, Shanshan Wu, Aichen Zheng und Shiyong He. „A Review on Development of Industrial Solid Waste in Tunnel Grouting Materials: Feasibility, Performance, and Prospects“. Materials 16, Nr. 21 (25.10.2023): 6848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16216848.
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With rapid infrastructure development worldwide, the generation of industrial solid waste (ISW) has substantially increased, causing resource wastage and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, tunnel engineering requires large quantities of grouting material for ground treatment and consolidation. Using ISW as a component in tunnel grouts provides a sustainable solution to both issues. This paper presented a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in tunnel grouting materials using ISW, focusing on their feasibility, mechanical characteristics, and future development directions. Initially, the concept and classification of ISW were introduced, examining its feasibility and advantages as grouting materials in tunnels. Subsequently, various performances of ISW in tunnel grouting materials were summarized to explore the factors influencing mechanical strength, fluidity, durability, and microstructure characteristics. Simultaneously, this review analyzed current research trends and outlines future development directions. Major challenges, including quality assurance, environmental risks, and lack of standardized specifications, are discussed. Future research directions, including multifunctional grouts, integrated waste utilization, and advanced characterization techniques, are suggested to further advance this field. These findings provided useful insights for the continued development of high-performance and environmentally friendly ISW-based grouting materials.
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Petrella, Andrea, und Michele Notarnicola. „Lightweight Cement Conglomerates Based on End-of-Life Tire Rubber: Effect of the Grain Size, Dosage and Addition of Perlite on the Physical and Mechanical Properties“. Materials 14, Nr. 1 (05.01.2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010225.
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Lightweight cement mortars containing end-of-life tire rubber (TR) as aggregate were prepared and characterized by rheological, thermal, mechanical, microstructural, and wetting tests. The mixtures were obtained after total replacement of the conventional sand aggregate with untreated TR with different grain sizes (0–2 mm and 2–4 mm) and distributions (25%, 32%, and 40% by weight). The mortars showed lower thermal conductivities (≈90%) with respect to the sand reference due to the differences in the conductivities of the two phases associated with the low density of the aggregates and, to a minor extent, to the lack of adhesion of tire to the cement paste (evidenced by microstructural detection). In this respect, a decrease of the thermal conductivities was observed with the increase of the TR weight percentage together with a decrease of fluidity of the fresh mixture and a decrease of the mechanical strengths. The addition of expanded perlite (P, 0–1 mm grain size) to the mixture allowed us to obtain mortars with an improvement of the mechanical strengths and negligible modification of the thermal properties. Moreover, in this case, a decrease of the thermal conductivities was observed with the increase of the P/TR dosage together with a decrease of fluidity and of the mechanical strengths. TR mortars showed discrete cracks after failure without separation of the two parts of the specimens, and similar results were observed in the case of the perlite/TR samples thanks to the rubber particles bridging the crack faces. The super-elastic properties of the specimens were also observed in the impact compression tests in which the best performances of the tire and P/TR composites were evidenced by a deep groove before complete failure. Moreover, these mortars showed very low water penetration through the surface and also through the bulk of the samples thanks to the hydrophobic nature of the end-of-life aggregate, which makes these environmentally sustainable materials suitable for indoor and outdoor elements.