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1
Lukin, Benyamin. „Neopalimaja kupina“. Cahiers du monde russe 41, Nr. 41/4 (01.10.2000): 451–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/monderusse.54.
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Bulambo, Ambroise Katambu. „L'institution “Kupiana” Et Le Droit Positif Congolais“. African Journal of International and Comparative Law 14, Nr. 2 (September 2006): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2006.14.2.264.
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Svalina, Tomislav, Sara Nasić, Boris Dorbić, Mladenka Šarolić, Emilija Friganović, Žana Delić und Marko Šuste. „Aromatic profile of blackberry wines“. Glasilo Future 2, Nr. 5-6 (31.12.2019): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32779/gf.2.5-6.3.
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Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi razlike u kemijskom profilu aromatskih spojeva vina dobivenih od šumskih i kultiviranih kupina. Hlapljivi spojevi su izolirani metodom ekstrakcije vršnih para na krutoj fazi (HS-SPME) korištenjem sivog vlakna s DVB/CAR/PDMS ovojnicom. Analiza izoliranih hlapljivih spojeva provedena je pomoću vezanog sustava plinska kromatografija-masena spektrometrija (GC-MS). U uzorku vina od šumske kupine je identificirano 27 spojeva (ukupno 93,7 %), dok je kod uzorka vina od kultivirane kupine identificiran 21 spoj (ukupno 92,3 %). U vinu od šumskih kupina je prisutno značajno više monoterpena i norizoprenoida koji su nositelji primarne arome kupine. U vinu od šumskih kupina je prisutno više viših alkohola, a kod vina od kultiviranih kupina više estera, stoga bi u tehnološkom postupku trebalo obratiti pažnju na temperaturu fermentacije koja je jedan od najbitnijih čimbenika za nastanak ovih spojeva.
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RUIZ, GUSTAVO RODRIGO SANCHES. „Proposal of Kupiuka and Plesiopiuka, two new genera of jumping spiders from Brazil (Araneae: Salticidae: Heliophaninae)“. Zootaxa 2630, Nr. 1 (29.09.2010): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2630.1.3.
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Two new genera of jumping spiders are proposed to include new heliophanines from Brazil. Kupiuka gen. nov. is based on the type species K. extratheca sp. nov. and Plesiopiuka gen. nov. is based on P. simplex sp. nov., both from the State of Amazonas. Besides its type species, Kupiuka includes K. murici sp. nov. from the State of Alagoas, K. overalli sp. nov. from the State of Pará, K. taruman sp. nov. and K. adisi sp. nov. from the State of Amazonas, K. heteropicta sp. nov. and K. vochysiae sp. nov. from the State of Mato Grosso and K. paulista sp. nov. from the State of São Paulo.
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Kiplagat, Viola Jepkemboi, Rebecca Wanjiku Omolo und Margan Adero. „Jinsi Watoto Wanavyokabiliana na changamoto kwenye vitabu vya fasihi“. East African Journal of Swahili Studies 3, Nr. 1 (08.09.2021): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/jammk.3.1.405.
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Watoto wengi wanapitia changamoto nyingi miongoni mwa walezi wao na wanajamii. Kutokana na yale wanayoyapitia pamoja na mazingira duni wanamoishi, watoto wengi hukosa mwelekeo dhabiti wa kimaadili hivyo basi kukosa mahitaji yao ya kuwawezesha kuwa na hulka zinazokubalika katika jamii. Mtafiti alinuia kuchanganua vitabu vya fasihi ya watoto ili kubainisha iwapo vitabu hivi vinaweza kutekeleza mahitaji ya watoto kupitia migogoro au changamoto vitabuni. Vitabu teule vilivyotumiwa katika utafiti vilikuwa Ahaa! Roda (2017) kilichoandikwa na Tom Nyambeka na Mwisho wa Ujambazi (2017) naye Yahya Mutuku. Nadharia iliyotumika katika utafiti huu ni nadharia ya Maadili na nadharia ya Uhalisia. Njia za utafiti zilizotumiwa ni hojaji na upekuzi wa yaliyomo kwenye vitabu teule vya fasihi ya watoto. Data iliyokusanywa ilipangwa kulingana na maswali ya utafiti na kuchanganuliwa kwa kuzingatia mkabala mseto ambapo, muundo wa QUAL-QUAN ulitumika. Mtafiti alichanganua vitabu teule vya fasihi kimaelezo akiongozwa na maswali ya utafiti. Mtafiti alikusanya data nyanjani kupitia hojaji zilizosambazwa kwa sampuli ya asilimia kumi ya watoto mia mbili kutoka darasa la saba, shule ya msingi ya Langas, Kaunti ya Uasin Gishu. Shule hii ya Langas ni shule iliyoko katika mazingira duni hivyo basi watoto wengi wanapitia changamoto nyingi za kijamii. Matokeo yalibainisha kuwa vitabu vya fasihi vinaweza kutekeleza mahitaji ya watoto kupitia migogoro vitabuni na kwamba vitabu vya fasihi ya watoto vinaweza kutoa mwelekeo kwa watoto kuhusu jinsi ya kukabiliana na changamoto katika hali halisi. Watoto 50% waliotafitiwa walikubali kuwa vitabu walivyovisoma vilikuwa changamoto ambazo waliweza kufananisha na hali halisi. Changamoto kwenye vitabu teule zilioana na changamoto halisi za watoto. Utafiti huu ulitoa mapendekezo kwa taasisi ya KICD na wizara ya elimu watumie utafiti huu kufanya tafiti zaidi ili kuchangia zaidi mitaala kwa lengo la kutekeleza mahitaji ya watoto. Walezi, walimu, wakuu wa shule watumie utafiti huu kuwalea watoto wao kwa njia mbadala na wenye manufaa. Utafiti zaidi uweze kufanywa kuhusu fasihi ya watoto kutekeleza mahitaji ya watoto kupitia changamoto zinazotokana na migogoro vitabuni. Waandishi wa vitabu pia watumie utafiti huu kuandika vitabu vilivyo na maudhui tofauti tofauti yanayoguza changamoto za watoto na hali halisi ya watoto
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Maxted, N. „A phenetic investigation of Vicia section Peregrinae Kupicha (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Vicieae)“. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 51, Nr. 1 (März 1994): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600001736.
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The taxonomic relationships between the four species of Vicia L. sect. Peregrinae Kupicha (1976) have been studied using 174 morphological characters. The results of the phenetic study are considered in conjunction with a literature review of the taxonomic history, cytology, phytogeography and ecology of the taxa involved. It is concluded that V. mollis is peripheral within sect. Peregrinae, and an investigation of the taxa of both sections Peregrinae and Hypechusa shows the species to be a natural member of sect. Hypechusa, to which it is transferred. The relationship between the three remaining species of sect. Peregrinae is discussed, and a key and conspectus to taxa are provided.
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Pattanayak, Subrat Kalyan, und Biswanandan Dash. „An ethnolinguistic repositioning of the Balmiki language of Odisha“. Asian Languages and Linguistics 1, Nr. 2 (11.12.2020): 205–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/alal.20018.das.
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Abstract Language identification is a complex process. In most cases, the processes of language identification by governmental agencies are based on their political compulsions and intentions. Even objective studies made by linguists are not free from the flaws of their philosophical background. This kind of lack of objectivity in establishing linguistic identities may lead to linguistic right movements. In this context, an ethnolinguistic analysis to establish the identity of a language becomes important. The cases of Balmiki and Kupia represent a situation where the linguistic identities of many languages are equally disputable due to the lack of scientific and objective studies. They are listed as different languages in many governmental and non-governmental reports. Linguists who have worked on these languages held the view that Balmiki is an isolated language spoken in Odisha only and is certainly different from Kupia, which is spoken in Andhra Pradesh. The present study attempts to ascertain the ethnolinguistic position of Balmiki vis-à-vis Kupia using bibliographical evidence. It concludes that Balmiki and Kupia are one and the same language. It also finds that it is well recorded and studied by different scholars since long.
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Sheila Wandera-Simwa; Wendo Nabea., Nyongesa Salyne;. „Mikondo Mipya katika Utunzi wa Mashairi: Mifano Kutoka ‘Sokomoko’ na ‘Ushairi Wenu’ Katika Gazeti la Taifa Leo.“ Editon Consortium Journal of Kiswahili 2, Nr. 1 (15.12.2020): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjkisw.v2i1.180.
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Utafiti huu unachunguza mikondo mipya katika mashairi yanayochapishwa katika gazeti la Taifa Leo, kumbi ya Ushairi Wenu na Sokomoko, katika kipindi cha Januari 1, 2018 hadi Agosti 31, 2019. Utafiti uliongozwa na nadharia ya kimtindo ya Leech na Short (2007) ili kuafikia lengo letu. Mihimili mitatu ya nadharia hii ilitumiwa ili kufanikisha lengo la mtafiti, nayo ni: Fasihi ni muundo wa lugha na kwa hivyo lazima matumizi ya lugha yazingatiwe, uhakiki wa kifasihi haupaswi kupuuza matumizi ya vipengele vya isimu lugha ikiwemo. Data iliyotumiwa katika utafiti ilikusanywa maktabani na mitandaoni kupitia usomaji wa tasnifu, vitabu, majarida na magazeti. Uteuzi sampuli wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa kuteua mashairi yaliyosheheni upya katika mikondo. Uchanganuzi na uwasilishaji wa data ulifanywa kupitia kwa maelezo.Matokeo ya utafiti yalionyesha kwamba, mashairi ya ushairi wenu na sokomoko yanasheheni mikondo mipya ya utunzi ikiwemo: Matumizi ya Sheng’, usimulizi na kuwepo kwa mianzo ya kifomula. Mashairi yaliyotumika yalitolewa katika kumbi za Sokomoko na Ushairi Wenu ambazo ni kumbi zinazochapisha mashairi ya watunzi mbalimbali katika gazeti la Taifa Leo. Matokeo ya utafiti yalionesha namna mikondo mipya ya utunzi inaendelea kuibuliwa na watunzi wa mashair kila uchao. Mashairi yaliyotumika hapa hata hivyo, ni yale ya kiarudhi pekee kwani ndiyo yachapishwayo katika gazeti la Taifa Leo. Makala haya yatakuwa ya manufaa kwa walimu wa Kiswahili, wanafunzi na watafiti wengine wanaotafitia suala la upya katika utunzi wa mashairi.
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Sheila Pamela Wandera Simwa; James O. Ogola, Mary M. Malenya;. „Itikadi na Uwezo wa Kijinsia katika Nyimbo za Taarab“. Editon Consortium Journal of Kiswahili 2, Nr. 1 (30.05.2020): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjkisw.v2i1.122.
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Makala haya yalilenga kuchunguza itikadi inavyomsawiri mwanamke huku ikimpokonya uwezo wa kutekeleza majukumu sawa na mwanamume. Itikadi ndio huwaongoza watu namna wanavyotumia lugha na hivyo kudhihirisha mahusiano ya mamlaka. Usemi huu unadhibitisha hoja zinazowaongoza watunzi wa fasihi hivi kwamba lugha wanayotumia ndio hubainisha nafasi anayopewa mwanajamii. Suala hili liliwezeshwa kwa kuwepo na malengo mawili. Moja, kuchunguza utunzi na maudhui tawala katika nyimbo teule za taarab ili kubaini mafungamano ya masuala hayo na itikadi inayotawala. Pili, kuonyesha mahusiano ya uwezo kati ya mwanamke na mwanamume katika jamii kupitia nyimbo za taarab. Malengo haya yaliafikiwa kupitia uchanganuzi wa matumizi ya lugha katika nyimbo mbili teule za taarab ili kuonyesha usawiri wa mwanamke kwa kuzingatia itikadi na uwezo wa kijinsia. Nyimbo zilizochanganuliwa ni Daktari wa Mapenzi na VIP ambazo zimeimbwa na Mzee Yusuf akiwa na bendi ya Jahazi Modern Taarab nchini Tanzania.Vigezo vikuu vya uteuzi wa nyimbo hizi ni maudhui na lugha. Nadharia zilizotumika ni ufeministi wa Kiafrika inayorejelea masuala ya jinsia ya kike pamoja na Uchanganuzi Hakiki Usemi (UHU) itakayochunguza matumizi ya lugha. Data za makala haya zilikusanywa kwa kuchanganua nyimbo teule. Mtafiti alisikiza kanda ili kupata matini za kumfaa katika ukusanyaji data. Data iliyokusanywa ilifanyiwa unukuzi, kuainishwa, kupangwa, kuchanganuliwa na kufasiriwa kwa kuzingatia mihimili ya nadharia mbili zilizotumika katika utafiti huu. Data hiyo iliwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo.
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Šimić, Krešimir. „Vetranovićev Kupido“. Croatica et Slavica Iadertina 11, Nr. 11 (07.02.2017): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/csi.781.
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Kupido, odnosno Amor, u medijevalnoj i ranonovovjekovnoj književnoj kulturi nije bio samo ornamentalni ukras već se "širenjem svoga područja identiteta uključio u cultural work" (J. Kingsley-Smith). U radu se stoga, nakon kratkoga prikaza kupidijanske topike u antičkoj, medijevalnoj i renesansnoj književnoj i ikonografijskoj kulturi, analizira koncipiranje i uloga Kupida u Pjesanci mladosti prvoj Mavra Vetranovića.
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Sululu, Simiyu Benson, Richard Makhanu Wafula und Joseph Nyehita Maitaria. „Mchango wa Tanzu za Kimaigizo za Fasihi Simulizi Katika Umahuluti wa Riwaya ya Kiswahili: Uchunguzi wa Riwaya ya Kufa Kuzikana“. East African Journal of Swahili Studies 3, Nr. 1 (02.08.2021): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/jammk.3.1.373.
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Usomaji wa fasihi katika kipindi cha sasa unabainisha idadi kubwa ya waandishi kutoka jamii zisizo Waswahili ambao wameandika kazi katika tanzu mahsusi za fasihi simulizi ya Kiswahili. Waandishi hawa wameendelea kutumia maudhui, ploti na vipengele vingine vya utamaduni wa fasihi simulizi za jamii zao katika kubuni kazi zao za fasihi andishi ya Kiswahili. Vipengele vya fasihi simulizi za jamii za waandishi hawa, wasiokuwa Waswahili, vimeingizwa katika riwaya ya Kiswahili na kuwa sehemu ya riwaya hii. Makala hii imechunguza jinsi uingizaji wa vipengele hivi vya fasihi simulizi za watunzi wa riwaya ya Kiswahili, wasiokuwa Waswahili, unaifanya riwaya hii kuwa ya kimahuluti. Mahsusi, makala hii imedadavua mchango wa tanzu za kimaigizo za fasihi simulizi katika umahuluti wa riwaya ya Kiswahili kupitia mfano wa riwaya ya Kufa Kuzikana (2003) iliyoandikwa na Ken Walibora. Tathmini hii imetumia Nadharia ya Umahuluti wa Utamaduni inayoshikilia kwamba panapotokea hali ya mtagusano baina ya tamaduni tofauti, matokeo yake si wingi-tamaduni bali ni mchanganyiko wa vipengele kutoka tamaduni hizi mbalimbali ambao ni bora na imara zaidi kuliko tamaduni asilia. Nadharia hii imetumiwa kufafanua jinsi umahuluti wa riwaya ya Kiswahili umechangiwa na uingizaji wa vipengele vya tanzu za kimaigizo za fasihi simulizi kutoka jamii za watunzi wake teule wasiokuwa Waswahili. Katika kufanya hivyo, makala hii imebainisha jinsi kuingizwa kwa vipengele hivi vya fasihi simulizi za jamii za waandishi teule katika riwaya ya Kiswahili kumeirutubisha riwaya hii kwa kuifanya kuwa changamano na nyumbufu kwa ambavyo inameza tanzu kutoka tamaduni tofauti na kujiimarisha kupitia kwazo bila kupoteza sura yake asilia.
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Mung`ala, Margaret June Achieng`, George Obara Nyandoro und Charles Nyandoro Moochi. „UCHUNGUZI WA UUNDAJI WA VITAMBULISHO VYA UTAIFA KATIKA TAMTHILIA YA MSTAHIKI MEYA“. American Journal of Education and Practice 4, Nr. 1 (27.08.2020): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajep.560.
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Utafiti huu ulichunguza uundaji wa vitambulisho vya utaifa katika tamthilia ya Mstahiki Meya, Arege (2009).Tamthilia ni kazi ya kidrama na ya kimaongezi ambayo huigizwa mbele ya hadhira au ni kazi iliyoandikwa ili kusomwa na hadhira. Isitoshe maagizo haya huakisi hali halisi katika jamii. Lengo kuu la kutunga tamthilia ni kuadilisha na kuwawezesha wananchi kutambua baadhi ya mambo yanayotendeka katika jamii halisi kwa kuwa, fasihi ni ukweli wa maisha. Vitambulisho ni sifa, hisia ama imani ambazo humtofautisha mtu au kabila au raia wa nchi fulani na nyingine. Huku utaifa ni hali ambapo wananchi wote hujitambua kuwa sawa katika taifa fulani na hushiriki kwa pamoja katika kuleta amani na maendeleo taifani mwao.Utafiti huu ulinuia kujibu swali lifuatalo, Kwanza, dhana ya vitambulisho vya utaifa vimejitokezaje kwa mujibu wa tamthilia ya Mstahiki Meya? Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya uhistoria mpya ikishirikiana na nadharia ya utaifa. Umuhimu wa utafiti huu ni kwamba, utaongeza maarifa katika nadharia na mbinu za uhakiki wa tamthilia za Kiswahili nchini Kenya, kwa kurejelea na kuweka wazi vitambulisho vya utaifa, pia utaweza kutumika katika taaluma ya fasihi hususan tamthilia, kama marejeleo na itawasaidia wanafunzi na watafiti watakaotaka marejeo ya tamthilia ya Kiswahili nchini Kenya ili kuweka wazi vitambulisho vya utaifa na jinsi vinavyojitokeza katika tamthilia, vilevile ni malighafi kwani utatoa mchango mkubwa katika historia ya tamthilia nchini Kenya na kutajirisha maktaba ya chuo kikuu cha Kisii. Aidha, tume ya utangamano wa taifa nchini Kenya (NCIC), itagundua umuhimu wa fasihi kupitia tamthilia, katika uundaji wa vitambulisho vya utaifa inayoendeleza utangamano nchini hivyo basi itawawezesha kufadhili tafiti zitakazonuia kushughulikia suala hili. Uchunguzi huu ulifanywa maktabani. Muundo wa utafiti uliotumiwa ni utafiti elezi. Kwa hivyo matokeo yaliwasilishwa kupitia maelezo
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Repajić, Maja, Branka Levaj, Duška Ćurić, Predrag Vujević, Jadranka Frece und Ksenija Markov. „Studija kvalitete plodova više vrsta jagodastog voća tijekom skladištenja“. Glasnik zaštite bilja 42, Nr. 4 (28.07.2019): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/gzb.42.4.9.
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Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati fizikalno-kemijska i senzorska svojstva plodova više sorti kupina, jagoda, malina i borovnica uzgojenih u neposrednoj okolici Zagreba tijekom 7 dana skladištenja pri 4 °C u svrhu boljeg poznavanja svojstava sorti uzgojenih u Hrvatskoj. Shodno tome, 1., 4. i 7. dan skladištenja provedeno je određivanje topljive suhe tvari, pH vrijednosti, ukupne kiselosti, parametara boje (CIELab), tvrdoće pomoću teksturometra i senzorski je ocijenjena opća prihvatljivost, a mikrobiološka analiza provedena je samo 1. dan. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata pokazalo se da su se od svih ispitivanih vrsta voća borovnice pokazale najstabilnijima tijekom skladištenja te su senzorski dobro ocijenjene i to posebno sorta 'Duke' iz ekološkog uzgoja. Za druge sorte i općenito druge vrste, pozitivan utjecaj ekološkog uzgoja nije uočen. Među ispitivanim sortama kupina sorta 'Thornfree' se pokazala najstabilnijom, a sorta 'Tulameen' je bila najstabilnija i najbolje senzorski ocijenjena sorta malina. Jagode nisu pokazale zadovoljavajuću stabilnost tijekom 7 dana skladištenja, pri čemu se sorta 'Joly' pokazala najboljom do 4. dana skladištenja. Općenito, uspoređujući sorte koje su se u pojedinim vrstama istaknule kao najbolje primjećuje se da su imale visok udio topljive suhe tvari i nižu ukupnu kiselost te da se za jagodu i malinu preferirala svjetlija boja i srednja tvrdoća plodova, a za kupinu i borovnicu tamnija boja te tvrđi plodovi. Rezultati mikrobiološke analize upućuju na potrebu za primjenom strožih higijenskih mjera tijekom berbe i rukovanja voćem.
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Matin, Ibrahim, und Simiyu Kisurulia. „Nafasi ya Tashbihi katika Kufanikisha Maudhui katika Fasihi ya Watoto“. East African Journal of Swahili Studies 3, Nr. 1 (08.07.2021): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/jammk.3.1.355.
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Makala haya yalichunguza jinsi wasanii wa vitabu vya fasihi ya watoto wamefuma tashbihi katika kazi zao ili kueleza maudhui yanayowalenga watoto kwa kuongozwa na nadharia ya umuundo iliyoasisiwa na Ferdinand De Saussure (1916). Kupitia kwa njia ya kiupekuzi na uchanganuzi matini, vitabu vya Kisasi Hapana, Nimefufuka, Sitaki Iwe Siri, na Wema wa Mwana viliteuliwa kimakusudi, vikasomwa na kuchanganuliwa. Tashbihi mbalimbali na maudhui ya familia, elimu, nidhamu, bidii, ugonjwa na kifo yalitambuliwa na kujadiliwa kwa undani. Uhusiano kati ya tashbihi na maudhui hayo ulidhihirishwa. Matokeo ya jinsi tashbihi zinavyofanikisha kueleza maudhui yaliwasilishwa kithamano. Utafiti huu umeonyesha tashbihi na maudhui katika kazi tulizohakiki na pia unachochea washikadau katika uwanda wa fasihi ya watoto kuhakiki kazi za watoto kabla kuwateulia kuzisoma.
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Chepkwony, Joyce, Fred Wanjala Simiyu und Margan Adero. „Maudhui katika Nyimbo Teule Kwenye Kipindi cha Rauka“. East African Journal of Swahili Studies 2, Nr. 2 (15.07.2020): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajss.2.2.183.
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Utafiti huu unahusu maudhui katika nyimbo teule kwenye vyombo vya habari, mfano ni nyimbo katika kipindi cha Rauka katika runinga ya Citizen. Utafiti ulichochewa na haja ya kutaka kuchunguza nafasi ya vyombo vya habari katika kuhuisha fasihi simulizi kupitia utanzu wa nyimbo. Tafiti za awali zilichunguza tanzu nyingine kama mazungumzo na maigizo. Utafiti huu ulidhamiria hususan: Kubainisha vigezo vilivyotumiwa kuteua nyimbo zinazochezwa kwenye kipindi cha Rauka; Kuonyesha maudhui katika nyimbo teule; Kuchunguza mbinu za lugha zilizotumiwa kuwasilisha maudhui za nyimbo zinazoteuliwa na kuchezwa kwenye kipindi cha Rauka. Utafiti huu ulifanywa kwa kuzingatia muundo wa kimfano unaoeleza kuwa mtafiti huteua eneo au kitu maalum ambacho kitashughulikiwa na kuwezesha kupatikana kwa data za utafiti zilizokusudiwa. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya Ajenda iliyoasisiwa na McCombs na Shaw mwaka wa 1972. Nadharia ya Ajenda ilitumika kuhakiki uteuzi wa nyimbo wa kipindi kinachopeperushwa na runinga. Uchunguzi ulifanywa katika idhaa ya Citizen kipindi cha Rauka kinachopeperusha nyimbo za dini. Utafiti uliwahusisha waandaaji wawili wa kipindi cha Rauka cha runinga ya Citizen na watazamaji 68 kutoka eneo la Eldoret, Kaunti ya Uasin Gishu, shule za upili ya wasichana ya Hill School. Kwa ujumla, utafiti uliwahusisha watu 70. Watazamaji waliteuliwa kwa kutumia usampulishaji kimaksudi. Vifaa vifuatavyo vilitumiwa kukusanya data: hojaji kwa watazamaji, usaili kwa waandaaji wa kipindi na mwalimu msimamizi wa masuala ya dini na mkuu wa ushauri na nasaha na kinasa sauti kunasia vipindi vilivyoteuliwa kisha vikachanganuliwa. Data ifuatayo ilikusanywa: Nyimbo zilizochezwa kwenye kipindi cha Rauka ziliteuliwa kwa kuzingatia mada ya siku, muda uliotengewa kipindi cha Rauka, hadhira, masuala ibuka, kuwepo na nyimbo zinazowavutia watazamaji; Utafiti umebainisha kuwa nyimbo zinazochezwa katika kipindi cha Rauka zina maudhui ya upendo, shukrani, msamaha, uvumilivu, heshima, wema na msaada. Data iliyokusanywa ilichanganuliwa kwa kuzingatia nadharia ya Ajenda kwa kubainisha maudhui yaliyomo kisha matokeo yakawasilishwa kupitia maelezo ya kifafanuzi na mfano. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yatakuwa mchango kwa tafiti ambazo zimefanywa kuhusu fasihi simulizi na matumizi yake katika vyombo vya habari. Utafiti huu vilevile utakuwa wa manufaa kwa yeyote atakayefanya utafiti kuhusu fasihi simulizi na vyombo vya habari.
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Nikolić, Milena, Aleksandra Pavlović, Milan Mitić, Snežana Mitić, Snežana Tošić, Emilija Pecev-Marinković und Jelena Mrmošanin. „Thermal degradation kinetics of total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and individual anthocyanins in two types of wild blackberry jams“. Advanced Technologies 7, Nr. 1 (2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/savteh1801020n.
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Anderson, RichardD. „N. A. Kupina. Totalitarnyi iazyk: Slovar' i rechevye reaktsii. Ekaterinburg-Perm': Izdatel'stvo Ural'skogo universiteta, 1995. 144 pp. (paper).“ Canadian-American Slavic Studies 31, Nr. 4 (1997): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221023997x01176.
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Oketch, Samson Ezekiel, Beverlyne Asiko Ambuyo und Rosemary Makokha. „Mifumo ya Kijamii katika Tamthilia Teule za Kiswahili“. East African Journal of Swahili Studies 2, Nr. 1 (10.04.2020): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajss.2.1.135.
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Mifumo ya kijamii inajitokeza waziwazi katika fasihi andishi ya Kiswahili. Mifumo hiyo huwakilisha matukio ya fasihi andishi na jinsi yanavyoichora na kwa mapana kuwa kioo cha jamii. Tafiti nyingi zilizofanywa zinahusu vipengele vya fasihi kama vile maudhui, matumizi ya lugha, wahusika na mandhari katika fasihi. Katika tafiti hizo, watafiti hawajaonyesha mifumo jamii inayojitokeza kutokana na vipengele hivi. Utafiti huu umezama na kiutathimini mifumo hii kupitia kwa tamthilia teule za Kiswahili ambazo ni: tamthilia ya Pango (2003) kilichoandikwa na Wamitila, Kifo Kisimani (2008) kilichoandikwa na Kithaka Wa Mberia na Mstahiki Meya (2009) kilichoandikwa na Timothy Arege. Mifumo iliyotafitiwa katika utafiti huu ni: mfumo wa utawala na siasa, wa uchumi katika jamii, wa utamaduni, wa imani na dini, ule wa tabaka za jamii na ule wa elimu ya jamii. Utafiti huu umeongozwa na madhumuni mahsusi yafutayo: kujadili maudhui yanayodhihirisha mifumo ya jamii katika tamthilia teule; kuchanganua mitindo ya lugha inavyodhihirisha mifumo ya kijamii kutoka tamthilia teule; na kuchunguza wahusika katika uhusika wao kwenye mandhari maalumu wanavyojenga ploti inayochangia kuweka wazi mifumo ya kijamii kutoka tamthilia teule. Kiunzi cha nadharia ya uchunguzi kimejengwa na nadharia za uhalisia na nadharia ya umtindo. Mihimili ya nadharia ya uhalisia ikiwemo masuala ya utawala na uongozi, yale ya vijana, udhanifu, ukosefu wa ajira na masuala ya jinsia imebainishwa kadri ilivyojitokeza kupitia tamthilia teule. Mbali na nadharia za uhalisia na umtindo nadharia ya ukoloni mamboleo imetumika kuelezea hali katika tamthilia hasa utambuzi wa mifumo jamii inayotokana na matokeo ya baada ya uhuru. Utafiti umeongozwa na tamthilia 26 zilizoandikwa nchini Kenya na Tanzania tangu mwaka wa 2000. Tamthilia 26 zilizotumika ni zile zilizoandikwa na wazawa asilia wa Afrika Mashariki na kati kufikia mwaka wa 2014. Asilimia kumi ya idadi hiyo ilipeana sampuli ya mbili nukta sita (2.6) ambacho ni kifani tosha cha tamthilia tatu. Utafiti huu umejikita Kenya na Tanzania kwa kigezo kuwa mbali na Kiswahili kuchimbukia na kuenea zaidi katika janibu hizi, imebainika pia kuwa sera na sheria za kikatiba za nchi hizi zimekipa Kiswahili kipao mbele. Orodha ya uchuzaji imetumika kukusanya data. Uchanganuzi wa data ulitumia yaliyomo. Utafiti huu unatarajiwa kuibua mawazo mapya kuhusu mifumo ya kijamii inayotokana na fasihi na hivyo kuchangia katika ukuaji wa elimu.
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Wesonga, Esther Lucy, Beverlyne Asiko Ambuyo und Rocha Chimerah. „Nafasi ya Fasihi Katika Kuwasilisha Masuala ya Mazingira Kupitia Riwaya Teule Tikitimaji (2013) na Msimu wa Vipepeo (2006) za K. W. Wamitila“. East African Journal of Swahili Studies 2, Nr. 2 (11.08.2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajss.2.2.192.
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Suala la mabadiliko ya hali ya anga ni janga linaloendelea kukumba ulimwengu kwa jumla. Kutokuwepo kwa usawazishaji wa ekolojia ni jambo ambalo linawatia shaka adinasi wengi. Fasihi ni kioo cha jamii na inapaswa kuwasilisha hali halisi ya maisha ya binadamu. Utafiti huu unachambua nafasi ya fasihi katika kuwasilisha masuala ya mazingira kupitia riwaya mbili teule za Wamitila, Tikitimaji (2013) na Msimu Wa Vipepeo (2006). Mwandishi huyu ameonyesha ari katika uwanja wa fasihi mazingira, kwenye makala yake ya “Place and placelessness in Kiswahili literature: The role of setting in Kiswahili creative writing” anasema kuwa mandhari huchukua nafasi katika kuwasilisha masuala ya mazingira. Kazi hii ilichunguza namna mwandishi alivyotumia fasihi kuwasilisha masuala ya mazingira katika riwaya zake za hivi karibuni. Ingawa kwa miaka mingi, masuala ya mazingira yamehusishwa na sayansi haswa katika kutoa takwimu kamilifu kuhusiana na masuala ya mazingira, fasihi inaendelea kuchukua dhima mpya katika jamii inayozidi kukua kiteknolojia. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na madhumuni yafuatayo: kubainisha jinsi mwandishi wa riwaya ya Tikitimaji alivyotumia wahusika ili kuwasilisha maudhui ya mazingira. kueleza mitindo ya lugha iliyotumiwa kuwasilisha masuala ya mazingira na tatu, kutathimini iwapo mwandishi amefaulu kuwasilisha maudhui ya mazingira riwayani. Utafiti huu ulitumia kiunzi cha nadharia kutoka kwa nadharia ya fasihi mazingira na nadharia ya uhalisia. Mihimili zitakazotumiwa kutoka nadharia ya uhalisia ni: kazi ya fasihi imejitosheleza, kazi ya msanii inapaswa kuwasilisha ukweli, mtunzi anaangalia matatizo na kuchunguza chanzo chake na mwisho wahusika ni vielelezo yakini vya binadamu wa kawaida kwa vile wao hutumia lugha ya kawaida wanayoitumia humwezesha mwanadamu kujifafanulia uwezo wake wa kutenda mambo. Mihimili ya fasihi mazingira iliyotumika ni: kuangalia dhana za ekolojia katika kazi za fasihi, mitindo na uwezo wa lugha na jinsi mitindo hiyo huathiri namna binadamu anavyotagusana na mazingira na mwisho binadamu hawezi ishi bila ekolojia lakini ekolojia huweza kuishi bila binadamu. Data ilipangwa kwenye makundi na kuchanganuliwa kwa kuzingatia madhumuni ya utafiti na mihimili ya kiunzi cha nadharia. Data iliwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo. Utafiti huu umelenga kuhamasisha wasomi na waandishi wa fasihi wajikite zaidi kulenga masuala ya mazingira ambayo ndicho kitovu cha maisha ya binadamu. Utafiti ulibaini kuwa fasihi ni nyenzo mwafaka ya kuwasilisha masuala ya mazingira kupitia vipengele vyake. Kwani huingiliana sana na utamaduni wa jamii.
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Allahverdieva, G. F., und A. M. Askerov. „Taxonomic review of chinas (Lathyrus L.) species in the flora of Azerbaijan“. Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, Nr. 137 (31.12.2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2020-137-47-56.
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As a result of the expedition, herbarium and literature review, the article presents a new conspectus of the genus Lathyrus L. s. l. of the South Caucasus (Azerbaijan Republic). The study revealed a new area of two species (L. hirsutus L., L. inconspicuus L.) and clarified the status of one species (L. leptophyllus Bieb.). For the first time, micromorphology structure of seeds in some species (L. annuus, L. cicera, L. hirsutus, L. tuberosus, L. miniatus, L. pratensis, L. laxiflorus, L. aphaca, L. nissolia, L. sphaericus) were included by scanning electron microscope. Morphological characters of the sections were analysed according to Kupicha with some additions. Our work showed that Lathyrus seeds are circular, pressed-angular, elliptical, coloured in brown tones, with tuberculate, smooth, reticulate-rugulose surface. In the article, in contrast to the classification according to "Flora of Azerbaijan", species belonging to the genus Orobus are included in the genus Lathyrus.
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Allahverdieva, G. F., und A. M. Askerov. „Taxonomic review of chinas (Lathyrus L.) species in the flora of Azerbaijan“. Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, Nr. 137 (31.12.2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2020-137-47-56.
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As a result of the expedition, herbarium and literature review, the article presents a new conspectus of the genus Lathyrus L. s. l. of the South Caucasus (Azerbaijan Republic). The study revealed a new area of two species (L. hirsutus L., L. inconspicuus L.) and clarified the status of one species (L. leptophyllus Bieb.). For the first time, micromorphology structure of seeds in some species (L. annuus, L. cicera, L. hirsutus, L. tuberosus, L. miniatus, L. pratensis, L. laxiflorus, L. aphaca, L. nissolia, L. sphaericus) were included by scanning electron microscope. Morphological characters of the sections were analysed according to Kupicha with some additions. Our work showed that Lathyrus seeds are circular, pressed-angular, elliptical, coloured in brown tones, with tuberculate, smooth, reticulate-rugulose surface. In the article, in contrast to the classification according to "Flora of Azerbaijan", species belonging to the genus Orobus are included in the genus Lathyrus.
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Herison, Catur, Rustikawati Rustikawati, Edhi Turmudi, Parwito Parwito und Edi Susilo. „Peningkatan Pengetahuan Dan Ketrampilan Kelompok Tani Melalui Penerapan Paket Teknologi Tepat Guna Produksi Cabai Merah Di Lahan Masam“. Dharma Raflesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pengembangan dan Penerapan IPTEKS 19, Nr. 1 (30.06.2021): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/dr.v19i1.15696.
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Petani pengelola lahan masam umumnya mengalami persoalan tidak mencu-kupinya hasil yang diperoleh karena produk-tivitas lahannya rendah. Keinginan petani untuk meningkatkan pendapatan melalui budidaya tanaman yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi,khususnya cabai merah terkendala keterbatasan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dalam budidaya secara intensif. Kegiatan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat (PPM) ini bertujuan melakukan hilirisasi hasil penelitian kelompok peneliti Universitas Bengkulu dalam bentuk Paket Teknologi produksi cabai merah untuk membantu mengatasi permasalahan rendahnya produktivitas tanaman di lahan masam melalui peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan kelompok tani. Kegiatan PPM dilakukan dengan metode pelatihan berupa penyuluhan, praktek dan demonstrasi plot, di Kelompok Tani Bangun Jaya, Kelurahan Bentiring, Kecamatan Muara Bangkahulu, Kota Bengkulu, dan Kelompok Tani Melati Mekar Bersama, Desa Pekik Nyaring, Kecamatan Pondok Kelapa, Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Berdasarkan evaluasi yang dilakukan, pelatihan paket teknologi budidaya cabai di ultisol dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan petani dalam pengelolaan lahan masam dan teknik budidaya cabai merah intensif. Metode penyuluhan dan demonstrasi plot efektif untuk menyampaikan tujuan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat.
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Bushey, Jorge Matamoros. „Consejo de Ancianos: historia oculta detrás de una tradición en la Mosquitia“. Wani 59 (03.02.2011): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v59i0.255.
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El presente trabajo es un intento por brindar una lectura de los eventos independentistas protagonizados por los consejos de ancianos de las comunidades miskitas de la Costa Caribe nicaragüense. Tomando en cuenta este objetivo, el texto es producto de una reflexión cuyos insumos proceden de la observación directa de los hechos, y del auxilio de la opinión calificada de periodistas locales, miembros de otras disciplinas profesionales y comunitarios participantes en los eventos. El texto se estructura en tres secciones. La primera es una valoración de los acontecimientos en la región. En la segunda se subraya someramente la importancia simbólico-cultural de los ancianos en la idiosincrasia comunitaria. La tercera y última sección intenta presentar el concepto de Nación Comunitaria de la Mosquitia y las demandas básicas de los ancianos. Upla almuk nani asla takan daknika, Miskitu nani tasbaia da Blasi pyua wina iwi banghwiba ninara yukuwan sturka nani baraba. Naha wark ka na sika yawan brin wan dauki kan yaka upla nani aisi Kaikan kaia, Nikarawa Karibi Kuska ra, miskitu tawan ka nanira upla almuk nani asla takan daknika bui dakwi takaia wark ka nani dauki banghwiba dukiara. Naha dukia na wan kupiara brihmuni , naha ulbanka na sika kupia lukanka kumsa, witin diara nani takanba sut pain lama wina laki kaiki muni ulbansa baku sin tawanra aiulbra nani banghwiba, witin nani sin diara takanba nani sutba kaiki banghwan ninkara aikuki ulbi saki banghwan, wark dadaukra daknika wala nani bui, bara tawan uplika nani aipaswanka tilara tauki banghwi kan nani sut aikuki dauki banghwan. Naha ulbanka na piska yumhpa ra baiki sakansa: Pas taura ba sika tasbaia bilara dia takanba laki kaikanka. Ninkara walka ba sika tawan bilara upla almuk nani asla takanka daknika ba, dia pitka karnika brihba bara rispik ka laka nani yabiba dukiara. Las yumhpika ba sika trai kaikisa mahrikaia dia ba Miskitu tawanka nani tasbaia yaptika ba bara dia paliba upla almuk nani asla takan daknika ba makabi ba dukiara. Muih bararak balna asla kalududuhna, wayah balna saunina kau sara puyuni kaupak yulnina malna sak kidika. Adika warkni munah trai tatalna ulwi yakna atnin Nikarawa karibi kusni yak wayah tawanni balna kau muih bararak aslah kalududuhna balna yaklauiwi alas dakwi kalahnin lani yulni di yayamwa kidi yulni. Adika dini balna bitik taldi dadi, ulna adika kuduh kulwi talna lani aski, witin dibalna kalahna kidi bitik minikpa kau talna pani yakaupak, kaput bik wauhtaya uhulyang pani kau bang muihni balna yaklauwi bik ilp mumunna, kul duduna muihni balna uk yaklauwi dawak tawan muihni balna aslah kalududuhwi tawan paskau gabamint nining kau lapapakna muihni balna yaklauiwi bik kalparaswak ulwi yakna. Wauhnitaya ulwi yakna adika kulnin lani satni bas duwi: tatuna kau kidika laih laihwi talna atnin sauni paskau dibalna kalahna kidika yulni, usnit kau kidika laih tawan balna paskau muih bararak balna aslah kalududuhna yakat ais pitni risnipik kalalawa kidika yulni dawak parasnina duduwa kidi yulni bik, sutni kau bas kidika laih trai tatalwi nininkana atnin wayah balna tawanni saunina nuhni kidi bitik yakat muih bararak balna aslah kalalahna kidi ais palni kidi ramh want yuyulwa kidika. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v59i0.255Wani No.59 2009 pp.8-18
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Shimizu, Ayaka. „Unknotting operations on knots and links“. Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 30, Nr. 02 (Februar 2021): 2171001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216521710012.
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By considering unknotting operations, we obtain ways of measuring how knotted a knot is. Unknotting phenomena can be seen not only in knot theory, but also in various settings such as DNA knots, mind knots and so on ([C. C. Adams, The Knot Book: An Elementary Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Knots (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2004); A. Kawauchi, K. Kishimoto and A. Shimizu, Knot theory and game (in Japanese) (Asakura Publishing, Tokyo, 2013); L. Rudolph, Qualitative Mathematics for the Social Sciences (Routledge, London, 2013); K. Murasugi, Knot Theory and Its Applications, Translated from the 1993 Japanese original by Bohdan Kupita (Birkhauser, Boston, MA, 1996)], etc.). In this paper, we see how knots can be unknotted (and therefore how they are knotted) by considering various unknotting operations and their associated unknotting numbers.
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Masatu, Furaha J., Venancia F. Hyera, Osmunda R. Ndunguru und Aneth K. Ponera. „Mwingilianomatini katika Tamthilia ya Utangamano Wetu Ushindi Wetu (2017) ya Anitha E. Mgimba“. East African Journal of Swahili Studies 2, Nr. 2 (18.09.2020): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajss.2.2.217.
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Mwingilianomatini ni mbinu, stadi ama taaluma na mwongozo wa uchunguzi wa matini kisayansi, hususani kazi za kisanaa na zisizo za kisanaa ili kubaini kuwepo kwa athari ya uchopekaji ama usemezano; yaani kufanana kifani, kimaudhui na kimbinu kati ya matini moja na nyingine. Ufanano huo huweza kuwa wa moja kwa moja au kuwapo kwa ukaribiano. Mwingiliano huo hutambulika pia kama mwangwi. Inaaminika kwamba, mwingilianomatini ni miongoni mwa mbinu kongwe za kiutunzi, ilhali kiuhakiki inaonekana bado ngeni, haijashughulikiwa sana katika uga wa fasihi na sanaa ya Kiswahili. Kwa mantiki hiyo, makala haya yatasaidia kuongeza maandiko ya Kiswahili yaliyoshughulikia eneo la uhakiki kupitia nadharia ya mwingilianomatini ili kubaini mwingilianomatini uliopo katika matini, kwa mfano tamthilia ya Utangamano Wetu Ushindi Wetu. Matokeo ya uchambuzi yamebaini kuwapo kwa mwingilianomatini mwingi unaofungamana na historia ya makuzi na malezi ya mwandishi kidini (kiroho), kimwili (kiutamaduni na kimaadili), kijamii na kitaaluma – kwa namna moja ama nyingine. Sehemu ya matokeo hayo ndiyo inayobeba makala haya. Hivyo basi, makala yanawasilisha mwingilianomatini kati ya tamthilia teule ya Utangamano Wetu Ushindi Wetu na maandiko kutoka vitabu vitakatifu, majazi katika uteuzi na uumbaji wa wahusika, mwangwi wa kifalsafa, anwani za sura au ploti, na mithiolojia ya kiishara.
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Prof. James Ogola Onyango; Prof. Wendo Nabea, Antony Kago Waithiru;. „Tathmini Ya Kipengele Cha Taashira Za Wahusika Katika Tamthilia Ya Kimani Njogu: Mfano Wa Zilizala“. Editon Consortium Journal of Kiswahili 2, Nr. 1 (10.03.2020): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjkisw.v2i1.114.
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Kazi hii inatathmini kipengele cha taashira za wahusika katika tamthilia ya Kimani Njogu. Katika baadhi ya kazi za kifasihi, aghalabu taashira hutumika kama mbinu ya kusana mambo yanayoathiri kitovu cha jamii au yanayoashiria viongozi wa kiimla, wafisadi, wakabila na wenye ubinafsi, na hata uongozi kwa jumla. Kazi hii ni zao la utafiti ulionuia kuchunguza vipengele vya taashira katika tamthilia ya Zilizala. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili; nadharia ya baada ya ukoloni na nadharia ya umitindo. Katika tamthilia ya Zilizala ya Kimani Njogu, inadhihirika kuwa mwandishi ametumia wahusika kitaashira ili kuwasilisha fasili tofauti tofauti za dhana moja. Waandishi wa tamthilia za baada ya 2000 wametumia mbinu ya taashira kama njia ya kuwasilisha ujumbe unaohusu uongozi, maadili, siasa na uchumi bila kutaja majina ya wahusika halisi au hata mataifa halisi. Mbinu hii imetumiwa kuwadhihirishia wanajamii mbinu zinazotumiwa na watawala halisi kutawala watawaliwa kupitia vikaragosi vyao, ambavyo ndivyo huchaguliwa na watawaliwa. Aidha, mbinu hii imetumiwa kuashiria jinsi viongozi wengi wanavyothibitiwa na wakoloni kutawala mataifa fukara ya Kiafrika. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalitarajiwa kuwa na natija kwa wasomi, wahakiki na watafiti wa masuala ya lugha na fasihi kwa kuwa sehemu ya kurejelewa.
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Mosol Kandagor; Mwanakombo Mohamed, Jane Jepkoech Singoei;. „Namna Matumizi ya Mikakati ya Kutafsiri, Kama Uteuzi Na Mpangilio WA Maneno, Ilivyochangia katika Uandishi Upya WA Bukuit Ne Tilil.“ Editon Consortium Journal of Kiswahili 2, Nr. 1 (30.09.2020): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjkisw.v2i1.157.
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Utafiti huu ulidhamiria Kupambanua namna matumizi ya mikakati ya kutafsiri, ilivyochangia katika uandishi upya wa Bukuit Ne Tilil. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili, ambazo ni nadharia ya tafsiri vitendo ambayo ilitumika kubaini jinsi tofauti za kimazingira kati ya hadhira ya matini asilia na ya matini pokezi ilivyopelekea uandishi upya kufanyika wakati wa kutafsiri. Nadharia ya pili ni ya ulinganifu, ambapo matini asilia ililinganishwa na matini pokezi ili kubaini kama ujumbe ulihifadhiwa katika matini tafsiri. Aidha, tamaduni, matumizi ya msamiati na sarufi zililinganishwa kwa kuchunguza mikakati na mbinu zilizotumika kutafsiri matini asilia, na hivyo kubaini uandishi upya katika matini pokezi. Data zilikusanywa kupitia uchunguzi maktabani na vilevile kuwasaili washikadau katika Ofisi ya Utafsiri wa Bibilia ya Kapsabet na Shirika la Kutafsiri Biblia nchini, pamoja na wazungumza lugha ya Kikalenjin ambao walituelekeza juu ya matumizi ya baadhi ya maneno. Usampuli wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa ili kupata data iliyotumika katika uchanganuzi. Kitabu cha Mithali katika Agano la Kale kiliteuliwa kwa minajili ya utafiti huu. Utafiti huu ulibaini kuwa matumizi ya mikakati ya kutafsiri ilichangia uandishi upya wa kazi tafsiri. Uchunguzi huu ulipendekeza kuwa mashirika ya kufanya tafsiri yaimarishwe kwa kupewa uthamini ili kutafsiri makala nyingi Zaidi.
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Mayega, Jovitha Lazaro, und Joyce Kipanda. „Uchambuzi wa Maandiko ya Mwalimu Yatokanayo na Mtaala Juu ya Ufundishaji wa Somo la Kiswahili Nchini Tanzania“. Utafiti 15, Nr. 1 (23.06.2020): 166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15010028.
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Ikisiri Makala hii inachambua baadhi ya maandiko muhimu yatokanayo na mtaala kwa kutoa ufafanuzi wa kina juu ya dhana na vipengele mahususi vya maandiko hayo ambavyo mwalimu wa somo la Kiswahili hupaswa kuvizingatia katika uwasilishaji wa somo lake. Lengo la uchambuzi huu ni kuonesha athari za kutotumia vizuri maandiko hayo na umuhimu wake kwa walimu katika kufundishia somo la Kiswahili. Ufafanuzi umejumuisha maandiko ya aina tatu nayo ni muhtasari, azimio la kazi na andalio la somo. Uchambuzi huu unatokana na kuwepo kwa matumizi ya maandiko hayo isiyosahihi, walimu kutokutumia maandiko hayo kwa kigezo cha uhaba wa upatikanaji na ukosekanaji wa ufahamu wa matumizi ya maandiko hayo. Kutokana na sababu hizo na kwa kuwa lugha ya Kiswahili kimawanda asili ya matumizi yake ni Tanzania, ni muhimu kuwepo kwa andiko hili ili kumwezesha mwalimu wa somo la Kiswahili kutumia maandiko hayo kwa ufanisi na kuhimiza uandaaji wa maandiko hayo kwa idadi inayotosheleza ili kupunguza uhaba. Data za kuwezesha uandishi wa makala hii zimepatikana kwa njia ya mapitio ya maandiko na matini mbalimbali na kutafsiri rejea zilizoandikwa kwa lugha za kigeni hasa Kiingereza. Imebainika kupitia makala hii kuwa kuna athari zinazotokana na kutotumia maandiko hayo kwa walimu jambo ambalo limesababisha maandiko haya kutotumika ipasavyo.
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Mwanakombo Mohamed; Mosol Kandagor, Jane Jepkoech Singoei;. „Jinsi Vipengele vya Kitamaduni katika Matini Teule ya Kiswahili na Kikalenjin Vilivyochangia Mtafsiri Kuiandika Upya Bukuit Ne Tilil.“ Editon Consortium Journal of Kiswahili 2, Nr. 1 (30.09.2020): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjkisw.v2i1.155.
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Utafiti huu ulidhamiria kuchunguza jinsi vipengele vya kitamaduni katika matini teule ya Kiswahili na Kikalenjin vilivyochangia mtafsiri kuiandika upya Bukuit ne Tilil. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili, ambazo ni nadharia ya tafsiri vitendo ambayo ilitumika kubaini jinsi tofauti za kimazingira kati ya hadhira ya matini asilia na ya matini pokezi ilivyopelekea uandishi upya kufanyika wakati wa kutafsiri. Nadharia ya pili ni ya ulinganifu, ambapo matini asilia ililinganishwa na matini pokezi ili kubaini kama ujumbe ulihifadhiwa katika matini tafsiri. Aidha, tamaduni, matumizi ya msamiati na sarufi zililinganishwa kwa kuchunguza mikakati na mbinu zilizotumika kutafsiri matini asilia, na hivyo kubaini uandishi upya katika matini pokezi. Data zilikusanywa kupitia uchunguzi maktabani na vilevile kuwasaili washikadau katika Ofisi ya Utafsiri wa Bibilia ya Kapsabet na Shirika la Kutafsiri Biblia nchini, pamoja na wazungumza lugha ya Kikalenjin ambao walituelekeza juu ya matumizi ya baadhi ya maneno. Usampuli wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa ili kupata data iliyotumika katika uchanganuzi. Kitabu cha Mithali katika Agano la Kale kiliteuliwa kwa minajili ya utafiti huu. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalikuwa: utamaduni wa Waswahili na wa Wakalenjin ni tofauti na hii ilipelekea uandishi upya ufanywe katika tafsiri. Utafiti unapendekeza yafuatayo: Sera za elimu kuhusu lugha za kienyeji zinafaa kutilia maanani tafsiri ya matini za kufundishia.
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Wanyenya, Willy. „Visababishi vya Idadi Kubwa ya Wanafunzi wa Shule za Sekondari Nchini Uganda Kutochukua Somo la Kiswahili“. East African Journal of Swahili Studies 2, Nr. 2 (05.06.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajss.2.2.159.
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Katika makala haya, mtafiti anaeleza visababishi vya idadi kubwa ya wanafunzi katika shule za upili nchini Uganda kutochukua somo la Kiswahili. Wakati wa kupunguza idadi ya masomo kwa kila mwanafunzi unapofika, wanafunzi huwa na sababu za kimsingi zinazowafanya wapendelee masomo fulani na kuyakataa mengine. Kwa kawaida wanafunzi huwa hawalazimishwi kuchukua masomo fulani. Kila mwanafunzi huwa na uhuru wa kuchagua masomo anayoyapenda. Imebainika wazi kuwa nchini Uganda, wakati wa wanafunzi kupunguza idadi ya masomo unapofika, wengi wao huwa wanaacha somo la Kiswahili. Katika darasa la wanafunzi mia moja, ni wanafunzi kumi au kumi na watano tu ndio wanachukua Kiswahili. Hali hii inatisha sana hasa kwa wapenzi wa Kiswahili. Hivyo basi, mtafiti aliendeleza utafiti huu ili kueleza sababu zinazopelekea wanafunzi kufanya hivyo. Dhamira ya utafiti ni kueleza bayana kwa nini wanafunzi wengi nchini Uganda huwa hawachukui somo la Kiswahili. Madhumuni ya utafiti huu ni kueleza mielekeo ya wanafunzi wa shule za sekondari nchini Uganda dhidi ya ujifunzaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili na kufafanua hatua ambazo zinastahili kuchukuliwa ili kufanya idadi ya wanafunzi wa Kiswahili iongezeke. Katika kazi hii, mkabala wa utafiti ulikuwa wa nyanjani. Kwa kutumia mkabala huu, mtafiti alizuru nyanjani na kuendeleza mahojiano na wahojiwa wake. Utafiti huu umeonyesha kuwa wanafunzi wa shule za sekondari nchini Uganda huwa hawapendelei somo la Kiswahili kwa sababu zifuatazo: kuwepo na sera mbovu nchini kuhusu lugha ya Kiswahili; wanafunzi kutokuwa na msingi wa lugha ya Kiswahili; wanafunzi kuwa na fikra potovu kuwa Kiswahili ni lugha ya wezi; wanafunzi kufikiria kuwa Kiswahili ni somo linalofaa wenzao kutoka Kenya na Tanzania; wanafunzi kufikiria kuwa lugha ya Kiswahili ni ngumu; watu wa nchi ya Uganda kuchukulia Kiswahili kuwa lugha ya kawaida na isiyofaa kufundishwa shuleni; wananchi wa Uganda kupendelea Kiganda na Kiingereza na kupiga vita lugha ya Kiswahili.
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Skendrović Babojelić, Martina, und Alma Zečević. „Morfološka karakterizacija sjemenki jagodastih voćnih vrsta“. Pomologia Croatica 22, Nr. 3-4 (03.06.2019): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/pc.22.3-4.4.
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Veličina i svojstva sjemenki jagodastih voćnih vrsta važan su parametar koji utječe na iskoristivost sjemenki odnosno produkciju pojedinih kemijskih komponenti prilikom njihova iskorištavanja kao nusprodukta prerade plodova. Sjemenke manjih dimenzija potrebno je opisivati s što više parametara, a danas je to moguće računalno razvijenim metodama. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi masu, opisati i analizirati sjemenke jagodastih voćnih vrsta (jagoda, malina, kupina, ribiz, borovnica, ogrozd i josta) pomoću WinSEEDLE™ sustava, a na temelju morfometrijskih svojstava utvrditi razlike između pojedinih vrsta. Nakon provedenih istraživanja može se zaključiti da se jagodaste voćne vrste značajno razlikuju u izgledu kao i morfometrijskim svojstvima sjemenki. Najveća masa stotinu sjemenki utvrđena je kod bijelog ribiza, a najmanja kod šumske jagode i borovnice. Najveća projicirana površina te ravna duljina i ravna širina sjemenki utvrđena je kod bijelog ribiza, nešto manje vrijednosti utvrđene su kod kupine, a najmanje kod jagode. Analiza sjemenki pomoću novijih sofisticiranih metoda predstavlja značajan izvor podataka za dopunu istraživanja u vrednovanju vrsta i sorata. S obzirom da pojedine jagodaste voćne vrste sadrže dosta velik broj sjemenki koje uglavnom ostaju neiskorištene ili najčešće predstavljaju nusproizvod čak i otpad prilikom prerade plodova, rezultati ovakvih istraživanja mogu olakšati odabir pojedine vrste za određenu namjenu.
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Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, und Lucija Đermek. „Istraživanje korištenja, gospodarenja i zaštite prirodnih dobara u zakonom zaštićenim područjima“. Glasilo Future 4, Nr. 1 (24.05.2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32779/gf.4.1.1.
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Ovo istraživanje potaknuto je istraživačkim pitanjem postoje li neki konkretni problemi pri provođenju Zakona o zaštiti prirode i Plana upravljanja u samom Parku prirode Medvednica, koji je ujedno sastavni dio ekološke mreže Natura 2000. U radu su prikazani su rezultati istraživanja stavova predstavnika Javne ustanove PP Medvednica te su anketirani stanovnici rubnih zona PP Medvednica vezano uz tematiku korištenja i gospodarenja prostorom u zakonom zaštićenom području. Rezultati su pokazali da postoje problemi u PP od kojih je najvažniji problem odlaganje otpada i veliki broj posjetitelja koji se ne ponašaju u skladu s pravilima ponašanja u zaštićenom području. Kao najveće prednosti PP Medvednica navodi se da je to prostor za odmor i rekreaciju te predstavlja "pluća" grada Zagreba. Sadržaj koji najviše privlače stanovništvo rubnih zona jesu raznolikost biljnog i životinjskog svijeta te mir i tišina, čist zrak. Od biljaka sezonski se sakupljaju uglavnom plodovi (kesten, kupina i šumska jagoda) te gljive. Najčešće spominjane zaštićene biljne vrste jesu: Taxus baccata, Galanthus nivalis, Ilex aquifolium i Primula auricula i njih se ne sakuplja. Zaključujemo da su ispitanici dobro upoznati sa sadašnjim stanjem i aktualnim problemima, te smatraju da bi bilo nužno poduzeti bolju kontrolu unutar područja PP Medvednica.
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Wekesa, Winnie Musailo, Fred Wanjala Simiyu und Nilson Isaac Opande. „Vipengele vya Fasihi Simulizi Vinavyooana na Hali Katika Taaluma ya Sheria“. East African Journal of Swahili Studies 2, Nr. 2 (13.08.2020): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajss.2.2.193.
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Utafiti ulilenga kubainisha vipengele maalum vya Fasihi Simulizi vinavyooana na hali katika taaluma ya Sheria. Utafiti uliegemea uendeshaji wa kesi kitamaduni miongoni mwa jamii ya Babukusu. Ili kuafikia lengo hili utafiti ulitumia mbinu ya kithamano ya utafiti. Idadi lengwa ya utafiti ilikuwa jumla ya kesi za kitamaduni tulizohudhuria na kuzirekodi. Utafiti ulijumuisha michakato miwili ya uteuzi wa sampuli; ikiwa ni uteuzi sampuli kimaksudi na kinasibu. Uteuzi wa sampuli kimaksudi ulitumiwa kuchagua Chifu, naibu wa Chifu, mwenyekiti wa baraza la wazee na makala maalum yaliyoandikwa kuhusu Fasihi Simulizi na Sheria. Nao uteuzi wa sampuli kinasibu ulitumiwa kuteua mabaraza ya wazee na ya Chifu tulioyahudhuria. Waaidha, uchunguzi ulihusisha mbinu za uchambuzi wa yaliyomo, usaili na uchunzaji-shiriki. Njia hizi zilitumika kukusanya data nyanjani na maktabani. Matokeo ya utafiti yalichanganuliwa kithamano. Hii ni mbinu ya kuchanganua data ambayo mtafiti anaeleza na kufafanua matokeo ya utafiti wake kimaelezo. Kwa mujibu wa kesi tulizohudhuria, utafiti ulibaini kuwa kuna vipengele vya Fasihi Simulizi ambavyo vinaoana na hali ilivyo katika taaluma ya Sheria wakati wa uendeshaji kesi kitamaduni miongoni mwa jamii ya Babukusu. Kwa hivyo ni muhali kusema kuwa matini za Kifasihi Simulizi huwa zinachota, kunukuu, kugeuza, kuiga kwa namna ya kufumba, kubeza au kurejelea kwa njia moja ama nyingine matini za Kisheria. Hali kadhalika tanzu zenyewe za Fasihi Simulizi zinaingiliana na kuchangiana katika kutimiza mahitaji ya jamii kupitia shughuli mbalimbali.
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Prof. Nabea Wendo; Prof. James Ogola Onyango, Jane Kanini Maithya;. „Mbinu za Lugha Zinazotumiwa katika Matangazo ya Biashara ya Kampuni ya Safaricom.“ Editon Consortium Journal of Kiswahili 2, Nr. 1 (30.09.2020): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjkisw.v2i1.156.
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Matangazo ya biashara hunuiwa kuwajuvya wateja kuhusu kuwepo kwa bidhaa za kampuni mbalimbali na kuwahimiza wanunue bidhaa hizo. Vahid na Esmae’li (2012) wanasema kuwa licha ya kutimiza lengo hilo, matangazo hayo vilevile hunuiwa kuchekesha, kupotosha au kuwadanganya wateja ili wavutiwe na bidhaa inayotangazwa. Hayo hutekelezwa kupitia kwa lugha inayotumiwa. Waundaji huteua mbinu za lugha zilizo na uwezo wa kuwafanya wateja watamani kununua bidhaa hata ikiwa hawazihitaji. Utafiti huu unachunguza mbinu za lugha zinazotumiwa katika matangazo ya biashara ya Kampuni ya Safaricom. Ni kampuni maarufu ya mawasiliano nchini Kenya inayotoa huduma mbalimbali za mawasiliano kama vile uuzaji wa aina mbalimbali za rununu, huduma za intaneti, M-pesa, M-shwari na kadhalika. Kampuni hiyo hutumia mbinu mbalimbali za lugha zinazoundwa kwa ubunifu mwingi kwa nia ya kuvuta nadhari ya wateja wake. Ingawa kuna tafiti mbalimbali zimefanywa kuhusu Kampuni ya Safaricom, hakuna utafiti umechunguza na kuzieleza mbinu hizo kwa kina, pengo ambalo limezibwa na utafiti huu. Data katika makala haya ilipatikana kutoka kwa mtandao wa intaneti ambapo mtafiti alipakua matangazo ya Safaricom aina ya picha na video. Alizitumia kutoa mifano ya mbinu mbalimbali zinazotumiwa kwenye kwenye matangazo hayo. Utafiti ulibainisha kuwa waundaji wa matangazo ya Safaricom hutumia mbinu mbalimbali za lugha zinazoundwa kwa ubunifu wa hali ya juu kwa nia ya kuwajuvya wateja kuhusu kuwepo kwa bidhaa na huduma zao na vilevile kuwavutia wazinunue.
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Prof. Wendo Nabea, Rose Mavisi; Dr Gwachi Mayaka;. „Uchanganuzi wa Maudhui na Wahusika Kibibliotherapia katika Hadithi Fupi Teule za Kiswahili“. Editon Consortium Journal of Kiswahili 2, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjkisw.v2i1.128.
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Bibliotherapia ni mbinu muhimu inayoweza kutumiwa kama kipumuo kwa vijana kwa baadhi ya matatizo yanayowakumba katika kipindi fulani cha maisha yao. Bibliotherapia humsaidia msomaji kupitia mtagusano wake na maudhui na wahusika ambao wamepitia hali kama ya yule msomaji. Makala haya yalilenga kuchanganua maudhui na uhusika ili kubaini sifa za kibibliotherapia katika diwani hizi za hadithi fupi; Mayai Waziri wa Maradhi na hadithi nyingine (2004), Damu Nyeusi na Hadithi Nyingine (2007), Kiti cha Moyoni na hadithi nyingine (2007) na Tumbo Lisiloshiba na Hadithi Nyingine (2016). Mbinu iliyotumiwa kukusanya data hii ni majadiliano katika makundi au kundi lengani. Utafiti huu ulipata matini yake kutoka kwa hadithi fupi teule zinazotumiwa au zinazoweza kutumiwa kama matini ya fasihi ya Kiswahili katika shule za upili. Utafiti huu ulichukua sampuli kutoka kwa shule 7 za Serikali katika eneo la utafiti. Eneo la utafiti ni kaunti ya Nairobi. Sampuli iliteuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu zifuatazo; kimakusudi, kinasibu na utabakishaji. Watafitiwa walikuwa walimu 28 pamoja na wanafunzi 112 wa Kidato cha Tatu wa fasihi ya Kiswahili ambao walizisoma hadithi fupi teule na kutathmini sifa za kibibliotherapia.Kazi hii iliongozwa na mihimili ya nadharia ya Mapatano ya Mwitikio wa Msomaji yake Rosenblatt (1995). Mijadala ya kundi lengani ilionyesha kwamba hadithi fupi zinazosomwa darasani ni za kuaminika na maudhui yanaeleweka vizuri .Ufaafu wa maudhui na wahusika kwa mahitaji ya wanafunzi ni muhimu ili faida za kibibliotherapia zipatikane.
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Dkt Fred Wanjala Simiyu; Dkt. Opande Nilson Isaac, Winnie Musailo Wekesa;. „Nafasi Ya Fasihi Simulizi Katika Kuwasilisha Ujumbe Kisheria: Mfano wa Uendeshaji Kesi Za Kitamaduni Miongoni Mwa Babukusu“. Editon Consortium Journal of Kiswahili 2, Nr. 1 (15.12.2020): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjkisw.v2i1.176.
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Utafiti uliazimia kubainisha nafasi ya Fasihi Simulizi katika kuwasilisha ujumbe kisheria. Ulionyesha namna vipengele bainifu vya Fasihi Simulizi vinaweza kutumika kuwasilisha ujumbe kisheria. Ulifanya hivyo kwa kuegemea uendeshaji wa kesi kitamaduni miongoni mwa jamii ya Babukusu. Ili kuafikia lengo hili utafiti ulitumia mbinu ya kithamano. Idadi lengwa ya utafiti ilikuwa jumla ya kesi za kitamaduni tulizohudhuria na kuzirekodi. Utafiti ulijumuisha mbinu ya uteuzi wa sampuli kimaksudi. Uteuzi wa sampuli kimaksudi ulitumiwa kuchagua Chifu, naibu wa Chifu, mwenyekiti wa baraza la wazee na makala maalum yaliyoandikwa kuhusu Fasihi Simulizi na Sheria. Nao uteuzi wa sampuli kinasibu ulitumiwa kuteua mabaraza ya wazee na ya Chifu tuliohudhuria. Waaidha, uchunguzi ulihusisha mbinu za uchambuzi wa yaliyomo, usaili na uchunzaji-shiriki. Njia hizi zilitumika kukusanya data nyanjani na maktabani. Matokeo ya utafiti yalichanganuliwa kithamano. Hii ni mbinu ya kuchanganua data ambayo mtafiti anaeleza na kufafanua matokeo ya utafiti wake kimaelezo. Uchunguzi huu vilevile uliongozwa na nadharia ya Mwingilianomatini. Kwa mujibu wa kesi tulizohudhuria, utafiti ulibaini kuwa kuna vipengele vya Fasihi Simulizi ambavyo vinaoana na hali ilivyo katika taaluma ya Sheria wakati wa uendeshaj kesi kitamaduni miongoni mwa jamii ya Babukusu. Kwa hivyo ni muhali kusema kuwa matini za Kifasihi Simulizi huwa zinachota, kunukuu, kugeuza, kuiga kwa namna ya kufumba, kubeza au kurejelea kwa njia moja ama nyingine matini za Kisheria. Hali kadhalika tanzu zenyewe za Fasihi Simulizi zinaingiliana na kuchangiana katika kutimiza mahitaji ya jamii kupitia shughuli mbalimbali.
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Wanjala, Wanyonyi Fred, Misiko David Wasike und Fred Wanjala Simiyu. „Maelezo Kinzani ya Vipengele vya Sarufi ya Kiswahili Katika Vitabu Teule vya Shule za Upili Nchini Kenya“. East African Journal of Swahili Studies 3, Nr. 1 (01.06.2021): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/jammk.3.1.335.
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Dhamira ya makala hii ilikuwa ni kuonesha tofauti za kimaelezo baina ya waandishi wa sarufi kama inavyojitokeza katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa Sarufi ya Kiswahili katika shule za upili hapa nchini Kenya. Uchunguzi huu uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Sarufi Amilifu na nadharia ya Ujifunzaji Kitajiriba. Sarufi Amilifu ni ya Simon C. Dik (1978). Nadharia hii inashikilia kwamba, uzingatifu wa sarufi ya lugha unadhihirika katika utendaji wa lugha hiyo ambao unakuzwa katika matini inayoandaliwa na wataalamu wake. Nayo nadharia ya Ujifunzaji Kitajiriba iliyoasisiwa na David Allen Kolb mnamo mwaka wa 1984 inaangazia matumizi ya tajiriba katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji. Kundi lengwa lilikuwa ni waandishi wa Sarufi ya Kiswahili, walimu wa Sarufi ya Kiswahili na wanafunzi wa kidato cha tatu. Tulitumia mbinu za usampulishaji wa kinasibu na usampulishaji wa kimakusudi kuteua sampuli iliyokusudiwa tukizingatia asilimia 30 ya jumla ya idadi lengwa. Walimu 12 na wanafunzi 120 waliteuliwa kushiriki katika uchunguzi huu. Data ilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo, hojaji na mahojiano. Data katika makala hii iliwasilishwa kupitia maelezo, majedwali na asilimia. Matokeo ya makala hii yalionesha kwamba, waandishi wa Sarufi ya Kiswahili wanakinzana katika ufafanuzi wa baadhi ya vipengele vya Sarufi ya Kiswahili katika shule za upili nchini Kenya.
Uchunguzi huu utakuwa wenye umuhimu kwa walimu wa Sarufi ya Kiswahili, wanafunzi, wataalamu wa Sarufi ya Kiswahili na wale wanaoandaa na kuchapisha vitabu vya Sarufi ya Kiswahili kwa kutambua vipengele tata katika Sarufi ya Kiswahili. Makala ilipendekeza Taasisi ya Ukuzaji wa Mitalaa ya Kenya kuvichunguza upya vitabu vya kiada na ziada vya Sarufi ya Kiswahili ambavyo vimeidhinishwa na wao huku vikiwa na tofauti za kimaelezo.
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K, Asha Rani, und Umashankar K. S. „A CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF KARPASASTHYADI TAILA NASYAKARMA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GREEVA ASTHIGATAVATA VIS- A-VIS CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS“. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 09, Nr. 1 (23.03.2021): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj.09012021.
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Asthigatavata is one among Shoola and Shosha Pradhana Vatavyadhi characterized by Asthishosha (Osteoporosis), Asthibheda (Cutting pain in bony joints), Asthishoola, Sandhishoola (Joint pain), Bedhaasthiparvanam (Splitting pain in bones and joints), Mamsabalakshaya (Loss of muscle strength), Aswapna (Insomnia) and Satata Ruk (Continuous pain). When Kupitha Vata Dosha enters in to the Asthi present in Greevapradesha causes series of changes producing symptoms and this clinical entity is named as Greeva Asthigatavata. Cervical Spondylosis is seen in the general population with the incidence rate of 83 per 100,000 and occurs mostly in fourth and fifth decades of life. More disability is seen over the age of 50years. Its prevalence is similar for both the sex, although the degree of severity is greater for males. Aim: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Karpasasthyadi Taila Nasyakarma in the management of Greeva Asthigatavata vis-à-vis Cervical Spondylosis. Materials and Methods: It was a controlled clinical study with pre and posttest design. Total 100 subjects were incidentally selected and assigned into two groups viz., Group A (Control group) and Group B (Test group), with 50 subjects in each group. Subjects of Control Group were subjected with Greevabasti with Mahamasha Taila for 7 consecutive days and Astavarga Kashaya internally for 14 consecutive days from the first day of Greevabasti. Subjects of Test Group were subjected to Nasyakarma with Karpasasthyadi Taila for 7 consecutive days along with Greevabasti with Mahamasha Taila for 7 consecutive days and Astavarga Kashaya internally for 14 consecutive days from the first day of Nasyakarma. The study consisted of 3 assessments i.e on 0th day, 7th day and on 14th day. Result: In the study it was observed that Group B (CC=0.529) showed clinically and statistically highly significant results with respect to reduction of symptoms than Group A (CC=0.389) with high contingency coefficient value. Also, the overall assessment showed clinically and statistically highly significant result in both groups with p value 0.000. Conclusion: On comparing the overall effect of the study, trial group (Group B) showed better results than control group (Group A). Hence, Karpasasthyadi Taila has a better role in the management of Greeva Asthigatavata.
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K,, Asha Rani, und Umashankar K. S. „A CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF KARPASASTHYADI TAILA NASYAKARMA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GREEVA ASTHIGATAVATA VIS- A-VIS CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS“. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 09, Nr. 1 (23.03.2021): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj.0909012021.
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Asthigatavata is one among Shoola and Shosha Pradhana Vatavyadhi characterized by Asthishosha (Osteoporosis), Asthibheda (Cutting pain in bony joints), Asthishoola, Sandhishoola (Joint pain), Bedhaasthiparvanam (Splitting pain in bones and joints), Mamsabalakshaya (Loss of muscle strength), Aswapna (Insomnia) and Satata Ruk (Continuous pain). When Kupitha Vata Dosha enters in to the Asthi present in Greevapradesha causes series of changes producing symptoms and this clinical entity is named as Greeva Asthigatavata. Cervical Spondylosis is seen in the general population with the incidence rate of 83 per 100,000 and occurs mostly in fourth and fifth decades of life. More disability is seen over the age of 50years. Its prevalence is similar for both the sex, although the degree of severity is greater for males. Aim: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Karpasasthyadi Taila Nasyakarma in the management of Greeva Asthigatavata vis-à-vis Cervical Spondylosis. Materials and Methods: It was a controlled clinical study with pre and posttest design. Total 100 subjects were incidentally selected and assigned into two groups viz., Group A (Control group) and Group B (Test group), with 50 subjects in each group. Subjects of Control Group were subjected with Greevabasti with Mahamasha Taila for 7 consecutive days and Astavarga Kashaya internally for 14 consecutive days from the first day of Greevabasti. Subjects of Test Group were subjected to Nasyakarma with Karpasasthyadi Taila for 7 consecutive days along with Greevabasti with Mahamasha Taila for 7 consecutive days and Astavarga Kashaya internally for 14 consecutive days from the first day of Nasyakarma. The study consisted of 3 assessments i.e on 0th day, 7th day and on 14th day. Result: In the study it was observed that Group B (CC=0.529) showed clinically and statistically highly significant results with respect to reduction of symptoms than Group A (CC=0.389) with high contingency coefficient value. Also, the overall assessment showed clinically and statistically highly significant result in both groups with p value 0.000. Conclusion: On comparing the overall effect of the study, trial group (Group B) showed better results than control group (Group A). Hence, Karpasasthyadi Taila has a better role in the management of Greeva Asthigatavata.
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Kalganova, S. O. „Search for an Ideological Conception and the Semantics of Ideologeme“. Izvestia Ural Federal University Journal Series 1. Issues in Education, Science and Culture 27, Nr. 3 (2021): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv1.2021.27.3.054.
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The article considers the semantic shifts referred to the meanings of such ideologemes as “empire”, “civilization”, “globalization” attested in media texts when a new ideological conception is being explored. The ideas of L. M. Maydanova, N. A. Kupina, N. I. Klushina provided the methodological basis for this study. The research leads to the conclusion that the official mass media often use the term “empire” towards Russia. They develop the rhetoric of “a powerful state”, “capable of defending and maintaining its sovereignty and interests”, “a powerful state as a specific way to survive for Russia’s citizens”, “a people’s empire which has much commitment to the demographics and the well-being of the population”. In order to achieve this goal, the state “plans to re-explore its territory, i.e. to build new modern cities behind the Urals”, “to develop its own industries”. “The people’s empire” is set against “the liberal Western empire” which has delegated its monitoring role to “the progressive communities” spreading terror among the dissenters. At the core of Russia as “the people’s empire”, there are traditional values of a distinct Russian civilization based on orthodoxy. Previously regarded as a flawless model, Western society is now presented as something completely odd for Russian mentality. Characteristic features of Russian civilization include “the tendency to consolidate in case of difficulty”, “value of family” and “fraternal feelings towards other ethnicities”. The semantic of “globalization” ideologeme includes the following meanings: “transnational corporations’ ambition for world domination” that implies “blurring national, cultural, political borders”, “transforming people into depersonalized perfect consumers”, “utilizing unwanted majority”, “destroying nation states through hybrid warfare”. The opposition of globalization is a strong nation state defending its sovereignty and interests. This state is able to get its region under control. Thus, there is another tendency countervailing globalization; it is regionalization, which is understood as the division of the world into macro regions, each headed by a major power responsible for reducing tensions and maintaining peace. Supposedly, the “globalization” ideologeme will soon be replaced by a new ideologeme of “macroregionalization”.
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Viñas-de-Puig, Ricard. „Análisis del patrón flexivo de los sustantivos relacionales en lengua mayangna“. Wani 68 (26.03.2014): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v68i0.1353.
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En este artículo se analiza la flexión en los sustantivos relacionales en mayangna y se argumenta que estos sustantivos constituyen una clase propia, cuya flexión se debe a la aplicación de una restricción que prohíbe la presencia de grupos consonánticos dentro de la sílaba. Se propone así un patrón flexivo CV(μ).CVAfijoC. Este patrón también da cuenta de la variación observada en la copia de vocales del afijo en la raíz: la presencia de una segunda mora en la primera sílaba de la raíz impide que la vocal del afijo se copie en el núcleo de la raíz.Naha ulbi sakan ka sirpi nara stadi muni kaikisa nahki muni yaban nikwi ba diara bara upla nina nani tila tila dinkaia sip ba mayangna bila aisankara an luki saki bangwisa naha nina nani ba (sustantivo) selp aidakni ka brisa, naha aiyawan ka dauki ba laa (ley) yus munank sirpi kum bui kaina dakbiba (consonante) ulbanka ka tara nani dakni k aba ulbanka sirpi bara tara bani (silabas) nani tilara dinkaia apia w iba mita. Naku marikisa taka pali yaban nikwi ba CV (pût). CVafijoC. Naha taka ba mita marikisa nahki chens taki ba ulbanka sirpi nani aimaya wal ba ban apia (afijo) plaika ra ba: “mora” wala bahara ba taka mita pas bila paskanka plaika ra ba(silaba) mita kaina dakbisa ulbanka sirpi ba (vocal) ban paia (afijo) bilara ba kli ulbia plaika pali kupia ra.Rawasna akat yulwi mayangna kau yulwalsah yulniuluh tannika dawak yulwi parasni âwi adika yulni yulsât ayangni silp dûwi; yulniuluh kidi kapat ki, kat yulsah as pasyak dinit bin mahni atnin sip awas bangh. Kidi bangh, yululuh yamwa sâtni kulnin lâni as âwi: DY(Dk).DYYlmLbD. Adi yululuh yamwa sâtni adika mûnah bik nining kâwi amput yulyamyang yulmak libit kaupak rikni yak lâwa kidi: yulsah as yak dakas uk dûwa kat, yulyamyang kidi lâwas ki. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v68i0.1353 Wani No. 68 2013: 45-52
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KISLOVA, Larisa S., und Maria A. VETOSHKINA. „TV SERIES AS A SOCIAL PROJECT IN MODERN MASS DISCOURSE: NATIONAL SPECIFICATIONS“. Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 7, Nr. 1 (2021): 80–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2021-7-1-80-105.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of such a phenomenon as a television series in the modern mass discourse. Popular culture invariably defends conservative and therefore popular values in society and operates with a number of elementary moral attitudes. Perceiving a work of mass culture, it is possible to imagine what is love, society, history and everyday life. TV series in a modern format, allow visual content to supplant verbal content and are able to construct this or that reality. TV series is a specific cultural model, transformation and functioning of which is the result of a special attitude of the audience to television. The hero of telemelodrama is an emotionally impressionable person, touched by virtue and horrified by evil, since at the center of any television series there are elements of sentimentalism — a direction that appeals to feelings a person who unconditionally idealizes virtue, clearly distinguishes between good and evil, goodies and bad guys. The aim of the study is to consider friction of the television series as one of the most successful projects in modern mass discourse. In the text of the article, on the basis of a typological approach, the corpus of temporary television series, the transformation of the series adapted to the original. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work was made up of works Jose Ortega y Gasseta, Umberto Eco, M. A. Chernyak, M. A. Litovskaya, N. A. Kupina, N. A. Nikolina, V. M. Mikhalkovich and other researchers of the phenomenon of mass culture. In this article the nature of this phenomenon is formulated for the first time, it is created on the basis of national material, and features popular Latin American, Turkish, Russian content. TV series recreate the national picture of the world, broadcast revealing national specifics and introducing the viewer to the peculiarities of human life in a particular geographic space. According to the logic of the creators, the series should immerse the viewer in a state of catharsis, forcing empathy, crying and even to have a feeling of fear. As a rule, the series creates more eventful reality, it is not just organically built into the living space, but becomes its integral part. Thus, the television series is a promising social project, claiming to be one of the dominant positions in the modern cultural context.
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Skovorodnikov, Alexander P., und Galina A. Kopnina. „On the Conception of the Modern Political Labels Dictionary“. Voprosy leksikografii, Nr. 20 (2021): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/20/6.
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The article aims to describe the conception of the Modern Political Labels Dictionary being developed at the Siberian Federal University. The creation of such a dictionary is relevant owing to the development of political lexicography which allows revealing the state and features of modern political language development. It is also noted that political labels remain largely unstudied despite their wide and quite long-term use in media. The authors of both the dictionary and the article believe that it can be useful not only for specialists focused on conducting linguistic examinations of conflictogenic texts, but also for those who are interested in politics. The Modern Political Labels Dictionary makers see the main purpose of its creation in characterizing modern political discourse verbal labels used as a tool of information-psychological confrontation as completely as possible. The concept of the dictionary is based on the following definition of the term “political verbal label”: it is a nominative ideologeme (word and phrase) tending to stereotypization. It is a linear negative myth used to discredit socially and politically significant objects. A political verbal label is characterized by exaggerated pejorative connotations and weakened denotative components. The dictionary being developed is explanatory and illustrative. It also includes derivations and (optional) philological commentaries. The selection of speech samples for the dictionary was mainly based on a linguo-ideological analysis following the methodology proposed by N.A. Kupina that assumes the identification of key ideologeme labels in a text and analysis of their com-patibility to reveal semantic, axiological, and aesthetic additives that reflect an author’s point of view on certain political events. The article also characterizes the dictionary structure including a theoretical introduction, dictionary entries, a glossary, and a list of abbreviations; examples of dictionary entries are provided. The words and phrases se-lected for the glossary passed verification procedure acting as Yandex, Google and Russian Language National Corpus search query to confirm their non-unity (usability): the existence of at least 3 to 5 contexts from different sources in which the selected unit is used with the same meaning was considered sufficient. It is noted in the description of a dictionary entry that it contains both mandatory (head unit; interpretation of its semantics in compliance with the principle of unification of interpretation models; speech samples from texts of various styles and genres created in post-Soviet and modern periods) and optional (commentaries on the functioning specifics of a political label: its origin, use periods, productivity and role in text; variations; synonyms and derivatives) components. It is concluded that the work on the dictionary made it possible to clarify the definition of the political labels phenomenon; identify the most common political labels, and expand the notion of their paradigmatic (synonymous, opposing) connec-tions, word-formation capabilities, functioning specifics in modern public speech; and present the meta-reactions of society to their use. The above-mentioned makes it possible to fill the current gap in the theory of political linguistics.
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Acosta, María Luiza. „La autodeterminación de los pueblos indígenas del Pacifico, Centro y Norte de Nicaragua“. Wani 62 (31.10.2012): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v62i0.859.
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Los pueblos indígenas del Pacifico, Centro y Norte de Nicaragua han sufrido un arduo y forzado proceso de asimilación a la cultura dominante y el despojo de sus tierras colectivas a partir de la conquista española, pasando por la época colonial y continuando desde la fundación del Estado Nacional. En este artículo, su autora, mediante un inventario de la jurisprudencia nacional e internacional señala que la invisibilidad que sufren estos pueblos es una clara muestra de la violación a sus derechos humanos, y exhorta al estado nicaragüense a continuar con el proceso reivindicativo de estos indígenas que en este momento se centra en el anteproyecto de Ley para los Pueblos Indígenas del Pacifico, Centro y Norte, el cual está actualmente en la etapa de consulta. En este sentido aboga para que el gobierno preste atención a las observaciones que han hecho de él las organizaciones y pueblos indígenas. 1. INDIGENAS DE NICARAGUA-ASPECTOS JURIDICOS2. DERECHOS HUMANOS-FUNDAMENTOS-NICARAGUA3. ANTEPROYECTO DE LEY-PARTICIPACION CIUDADANA-NICARAGUA DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v62i0.859 Wani No.62 2010 pp.62-72 Patitara uplika kyamka nani Nicaragua Pacific, Lilapas bara Yahbrika ra silp ai klauna iwanka nat ka nani plikaia ba Nicaragua Pacific ka ra, Lilapas ka bara Yahbri ka sait ra patitara uplika kyamka luhpika iwi nani ba kyamka wala laka munuhtara taibi dinki, yuski, rau munan panis ka tara pali wahwansa. Baha trabilka ba Ispail kyamka nani naha tasbaya ra bal diman wina ta krikan, baha wina Nicaragua gavarment ka bal ulan wal kli sahwan, naiwa yuwa kat ban sa. Naha ulbanka ra, ulbanka na dauki mairka ba, witin Nicaragua kuntrika ra baku sin biara kuntri nani lainkara upla raitka laka tanka nani aiska pliki, wahbi saki brih muni tanka mariki wisa, baha rau munan ka laka paniska ra iwi ba wal upla raitka laka tara nani bapan ka sut drusbisa. Baku ba mihta Nicaragua gavarment ka ra winanka kum daukisa ai ninara taubia apia, ban dauki tnata alkbia ba kat, Nicaragua Pacific, Lilapas bara Yahbrika kyamka nani Laka kum paski ba dauki tnata alkbia. Baha laka ba naha pyuwara ulbi paski, lukanka pliki kaikanka ra brisa. Baku natkara makabisa Nicaragua gavermentka ra kupia kraukanka nani balbia ba sut ra pain laki kaiki yus muan kabia asla takan ka apia kra patitara uplika kyamka sat sat wina bribia ba sut.Nicaragua sauni yak indiansulanibalna alas yalahwalanikatyalalahwakidi, makawadaw akpapuspisnikarak Wadah, papus dawak ma kawa saitni indian sulani balna kidi taihna lani nuhni munah sulani uk kau parasni kidi yalah walani balna yak lan kalalahna dawak bik ispayul ma sauki tingni yak duna kaupak, taihna lani nuhni kaina dai muih uk balna aiwi kakana yak dawak sau adika ispayul tingni yak duna kaupak. Adika wauhnita yakat, adika yulwa muihni yal adika la balna laihwi talna kat amang lana ki sulani balna amput ramhni balna yak taihna lani duduwa ki dawak bik kabamint lani yak kanin indian sulani balna sulani ramhnina yulwa lani pasyak kanin, adika lani kidi wara minit laih laihwi talna yak kau sak ki. kaput laih ilpni yulni kabamint kidi laihwi talwangh kal uduhna balna dawak indian sulani pani balna yuyulwa kidi yak.
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Minks, Amanda. „Interculturalidad en el discurso de los niños miskitos en Corn Island“. Wani 59 (03.02.2011): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v59i0.257.
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Con este artículo, su autora inicia sus estudios sobre la interculturalidad entre los niños miskitos de Corn Island, basados en las investigaciones etnográficas y antropológica-lingüísticas que realizó en 2002 y 2003. Las interacciones transcritas cuidadosamente demuestran cómo los niños miskitos combinan el conocimiento tradicional, el conocimiento mediático, el multilingüismo y el juego imaginativo en su discurso cotidiano en Corn Island. Se sugiere que la interculturalidad no sólo es una pedagogía promovida por las instituciones regionales y transnacionales sino, también, una práctica cotidiana de la comunicación basada en las historias de interacción e intercambio. El discurso oficial de la interculturalidad ha sido un medio de negociar la diferencia cultural en las instituciones educativas en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua y en otros lugares. Sin embargo, la práctica de la interculturalidad surge en la interacción cotidiana que provee recursos autóctonos para el diálogo y la identidad. Corn Island ra miskitu luhpia naniba aisi banghwan iwanka ailal tilara iwaia ba dukiara Naha ulbanka wal, ulbi sakan dawanka na ta krikisa iwanka ailal ba stadi muni laki kaikaia dukiara, Corn Island ra miskitu tuktika naniba tilara, witin mani 2002 bara 2003 ra, stadi muni laki kaikan kan, indian daknika sirpi nani iwanka laka ba, bara witin nani ai bila aisinka laka nani basin, bara naha lainkara ai wark ka ba daukbia. Diara nani aisanka bara daukanka nani dukiara nahara ulban na pain aisi kaikuma bara mahrikisa, nahki miskitu luhpia naniba mixmunisa Blasi pyuara iwanka tanka nani, diara pain lan takras munan laka, bila ailal aisanka laka nani bara Corn Island ra yu bani sturi aisanka laka nani luki kaiki ba. Kupia kraukisa tawan kum satka ailal iwanka laka ba sika, upla iwanka bara natka nani dukiara baman stadi munaia dukiara wan tasbaia bilara apis nani ta briba bara tawan wala wina apiska nani buisin tabaikan ai taura waras, sakuna, baku sin, yu banira pana pana sturi aisanka laka kumsa, blasi pyua wina wan almuka nani sturka, nahki witin nani pana pana aitabaiki kan laka bara diara nani pana pana sinsmuni bara yui banghwi kanba dukiara sin. Iwanka satka ailal ba tanka pali rait aisi sakan bawal, Nikarawa Karibi kuska ra bara tawan wala nanira sin kul sinska laka smalki apiska nanira naha dukiara trabil nani takisa, baku sakuna, iwanka satka ailal lakara iwaia ba taki aulasa, nitka kum tara baku yawan wan bila kat aisaia nitka bara wan natka kat aikuki wan uplika nani wal iwaia nitka nani sut. Corn Island kau wayah walanibis balna yuyulwi alas yalahnin lani satni mahni pas kau bang atnin lani. Ulna adika karak, ulwi yakna daniwan adika tunan bahwi alas yalahnin lani satni mahni kidika tadi munwi laihwi talnin yulni, Corn Island kau wayah walanibis balna pas yakat, witin kurih 2002 dawak 2003 yakat, tadi munwi laihwi talna dai, indian balna aslah kalududuhna dibin balna ampat yalalahwa kidi lani, dawak witingna ampat yulbabauwa kidi yulni bik, dawak adika warkni yamna dai kapat nawatwi yamwarangki. Witingna ampat yulbabauwa kidi dawak ampat bang kidi yulni adika ulna akat ma nikinkawi. Ampat wayah walanibis balna kidi mixmumunwa kidi sara puyuni kau ampat bang dai lani balna, di yamni lan kalalahwas dai yulni, tuni mahni yuyulwa kidi yulni dawak Corn Island kau ma bani tuni uk uk yuyulwa kidi bitik kulwi laihwi tatalwi. Isnin pakwi tawan askau alas yalahnin lani satni mahni duduwa kidika kuduh, muih balna ampat yalalahwa kidi dawak ampat bang kidi yulni kamanah tadi munnin yulni ma sauki paskau apis balna tunan duduwa kidi dawak sau uk kaupak dawak sau uk kaupak anipis balna yaklauiwi bik kalparaswak tanit kau kiwaski, kaunah, kaput bik, ma bani kau biri biri yulbauda kidi lani aski, sara puyuni kaupak ma sulaki balna yulnina, witingna ampat biri biri kalparaswa dai kidi yulni dawak witingna biri biri di sinsmumunwa dai kidi dawak di prisant yuwada kakaswa dai kidi yulni bik. Ampat muih balna yalalahwa dai kidi lani balna ramh laih palni yulwi yakna yulni, Nikarawa Karibi kusni kau dawak tawan uk balna kau bik kul sinsni lani sumamalwa anipis balna kau adika yulni trabail balna kalahwi, kaput kaunah, alas lani kat yalahnin lani satni mahni balna kidika kaikalahwa sak ki, nitni as nuhni kapat mayang ma tuki kat yulnin nitni dawak mayang ma laki kat ma muihki balna karak kalpakdi yalahnin lani nitni balna DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v59i0.257Wani No.59 2009 pp.31-49
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Parwe, Shweta, Swati Tikale, Puja Shrivastav und Milind Nisargandha. „A Critical Review on Formulations Used in the Management of Malavstambha (Constipation)“. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 30.06.2021, 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i34a31828.
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Background: Malavstambha is not mentioned as a disease in any text of Ayurveda, but it is symptoms of many diseases. Many types of diseases caused by ‘Malavstambha’ (sarveshamev kupita malaha). Multiple reasons contribute to this phenomenon, such as the effects of ageing on gut physiology, certain illnesses, medications, reduced mobility, inadequate caloric intake, and anorectal sensory changes. It is a very common problem which is increase day by day. For readily available market preparation is used for malavstambha. There is many formulations are mentioned in Ayurvedic Text but it is not in practice or didn’t researches conduct.
Aim: To find out the various formulations for malavstambha.
Result and Observations: In Bhaishajya Ratnawali, Yogratnakar, Charak Samhita, Ashtanga Hriday and Sushruta Samhita,we found many formulations.
Conclusion: There are many formulations mentioned in our Samhitas. Some of them are used in practice, but we have to conduct researches on mentioned formulations and create evidence based protocol for malavstambha.
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Donovan, Kevin P. „Magendo: Arbitrage and Ambiguity on an East African Frontier“. Cultural Anthropology 36, Nr. 1 (08.02.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca36.1.05.
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This article examines the ambiguities of arbitrage, focusing on illegal coffee trade across the Uganda-Kenya border. I show how residents of the borderlands harnessed ordinary tools (gunny sacks, tin cans, and gravity scales) and cultural repertoires (kinship, language, and ritual) to cultivate and capitalize on difference. They reworked territorial jurisdiction, measurement standards, and surface appearances in a form of arbitrage known as magendo. While magendo is an ordinary occurrence at the border, I focus on a particular period in which magendo reached spectacular new levels. The resulting binge economy was characterized by competitive gift-giving and interethnic conviviality, but its excessive margins eventually challenged prevailing notions of moral selfhood, gender relations, and the authority of elder men. Seeing arbitrage not merely as the reserve of high finance but also as a strategy of African frontiers provides a way to connect the anthropology of finance to enduring concerns around the postcolonial politics of borders, gerontocracy, and value.
Muhtasari
Nakala hii inachunguza utata wa arbitrage. Maandishi yangu yanazingatia biashara wa kahawa mpakani mwa Kenya na Uganda. Katika nakala hii, ninaonyesha jinsi wakazi wa mipakani walitumia zana za kila siku (magunia, madebe, na mizani) na pia mbinu za kitamaduni (ukoo, lugha, na mila) kuzalisha na kukuza tofauti za kisokoni na faida. Aidha wahusika hawa walipinda na kufinyanga dhana kuhusu udhibiti wa mipaka, desturi za kukadiri, na muonekano wa nje kwa kupitia kitendo cha arbitrage: almaarufu kama magendo. Ingawa uchukuzi magendo si taratibu geni kwa uchumi za mipakani, nakala hii inazingatia wakati ambapo uchuuzi wa kahawa ulifikia kilele cha kustaajabisha na kuleta uchumi wa ukwasi. Kwa upande moja msimu huo ulileta urafiki kati ya jamii tofauti na mienendo kama vile mashindano ya kutunukiana zawadi. Kwa upande mwingine, faida za kiajabu ziliibua miangalio mipya kuhusu maswala ya uadilifubinafsi, jinsia katika jamii, na mamlaka ya wazee. Kuelewa arbitrage kama zaidi ya mazoezi ya kifedha, bali pia kama mkakati wa uchumi za mapembezoni, inatupa njia ya kuunganisha anthropolojia ya fedha na masawali ya mipaka baada ya ukoloni, utawala wa wakongwe, na thamani.
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Bize, Amiel. „The Right to the Remainder: Gleaning in the Fuel Economies of East Africa’s Northern Corridor“. Cultural Anthropology 35, Nr. 3 (03.08.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca35.3.05.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This article argues for the importance of the remainder as a key concept in economic transactions at the edges of liberalized market economies. It tracks the East African roadside trade in siphoned fuel, where lorry drivers sell “leftover” fuel to dealers who then resell it to rural hinterlands. Rather than seeing this exchange as illicit, drivers and dealers viewed themselves as legitimately trading residual bits of a commodity. They constructed their right to sell fuel, and their understanding of profit, around the idea of the remainder, rather than around concepts of income, price, or even usefulness. Here, I analyze the remainder as a widely recognized concept of valuation. Drawing on accounts of the practice of gleaning (an ancient ethic of redistribution organized around harvest leftovers) and examining in detail the calculative practices and metaphors used both by drivers and fuel dealers, I demonstrate the centrality of the remainder to popular economies in East Africa today. Roadside exchanges, I argue, reveal established practices of distribution and entitlement that both practically and conceptually challenge liberal common sense around smooth flow, equal exchange, and price-based markets.
Muhtasari
Nakala hii inaangazia salio au baki kama moja ya dhana msingi katika uchumi za pembeni mwa soko huria. Hususan inaangazia soko la mafuta ya kufyonzwa. Uchumi huu unatekelezwa kando ya barabara kuu za Afrika ya Mashariki. Unahusisha madereva wa lori za masafa marefu kuuza mafuta ‚yaliyobakia‘ kwa wafanyabiashara ambao nao huyachuuza mapembezoni. Madereva na wafanyabiashara hawa hukana uharamu wa kazi hii na kuitambua kama biashara halali ya mabaki. Wahusika hawa hueleza haki yao ya kuuza mafuta haya kwa kupitia dhana ya salio. Hawatumii dhana maarufu kama mapato, bei au hata manufaa. Hapa, ninachambua salio kama mbinu mbadala ya kufumbua swala la thamani. Ninaandika nikifuatilia masimulizi ya kitendo cha kubuga (utaratibu wa kale wa usambazaji mali uliohimiza matajiri kubakisha masazo baada ya mavuno kwa manufaa ya wasiojiweza). Ninanuia kukagua kwa undani istiari za kibiashara pamoja na taratibu za kukokotoa zinazotumiwa na wanaoendeleza biashara hii. Kwa njia hii, ninakusudia kufafanua umuhimu wa salio katika shughuli za uchumi usio rasmi. Napendekeza kuwa biashara ya kando ya barabara hubainisha desturi mbadala za usambazaji wa mali pamoja na mbinu bunifu za kuwasilisha madai ya kimali. Kama dhana na pia kwa matumizi ya kila siku, desturi hizi zinakaidi matarajio ya itikadi ya soko huria, kwa mfano mtiririko huru wa utajiri, mabadilishano sawia, na masoko yanayozingatia bei kwa utambuzi wa thamani.