Thematische Bibliographien / Kreyòl

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Kreyòl“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 5. April 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Kreyòl"

1

Saint-Fort, Hugues. „Yon istwa òtograf kreyòl ayisyen“. Rechèch Etid Kreyòl 1, Nr. 1 (28.10.2022): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.57222/uiaw5494.

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Atik sa a bay yon apèsi sou istwa òtograf lang kreyòl ayisyen (Kreyòl). Li divize an 3 pati. Premye pati a fè yon rale tou piti sou ki jan yo te konn ekri kreyòl sou tan lakoloni, epi li eksplore ki jan yo te ekri kreyòl sòti nan ane 1940 yo pou rive nan mitan ane 1950 yo. Dezyèm pati a konsidere devlòpman òtograf kreyòl pandan ane 1950 yo jiska ane 1980. Twazyèm pati a etidye evolisyon òtograf kreyòl depi ane 1980 jiska epòk kontanporen an. Istwa sa a montre evolisyon yon òtograf ki, malgre enfliyans ekriti lang franse nan sosyete ayisyen an ansanm avèk yon kontèks sosyal difisil, reyisi tounen yon veritab sistèm grafik regilye, otonòm, epi fasil pou tout moun aprann san pwoblèm. Mo kle: Òtograf fonemik/fonolojik, fonèm, grafèm, refòm òtografik, lang kreyòl ayisyen.
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2

Accilien, Rose F. „Li ak Ekri an Kréyol / Kréyol Literacy: Yon Responsablite Pésonél / A Personal Responsibility“. Caribbean Studies 52, Nr. 2 (Juli 2024): 105–17. https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2024.a953894.

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Rezime: Represyon lengwistik se yon zak ki danjere paske li dekouraje itilizasyon lang yon nasyon, sa ki anpeche pwodiksyon konesans. Yon aktivis k ap travay ak silvikiltè nan Papay, Ayiti, te di: "si nou te ka aprann, kreye, travay, ak fè komès nan pwòp lang pa nou, petèt pitit nou yo pa ta bezwen peri nan lanmè ap chèche lavi." Atik refleksyon sa a egzamine enpak lit lang Ayiti a, kote fransè domine edikasyon, pandan Kreyòl kontinye ap rankontre opozisyon malgre dè dizèn lane aktivis lengwis yo mete sou pye. Dapre pwòp eksperyans ensekirite ak chòk lengwistik mwen, m ap ensiste sou nesesite aprann li ak ekri Kreyòl kòm yon zouti kont represyon epi kòm yon modèl pou jenerasyon k ap vini yo. Temwayaj sa a vize pou enspire Ayisyen ak alye yo pou sipòte lekti ak ekriti an Kreyòl epi ofri yon nouvo pèspektiv sou enpak mondyal represyon lang. Abstract: Language oppression is harmful as a deliberate act that discourages the use of a nation's language, hindering knowledge production. An activist working with silviculturists in Papaye, Haiti, highlighted this harm, stating, "If we could learn, create, work, and trade in our own language, maybe our children would not have to perish at sea trying to live." This reflective essay examines the impact of linguistic struggles in Haiti, where French dominates education and Kreyòl faces opposition despite decades of activism. Drawing from my own experiences with linguistic insecurity and trauma, I emphasize the need for Kreyòl literacy as a tool against oppression and a model for future generations. This testimony aims to inspire Haitians and allies to support reading and writing in Kreyòl and offer new perspectives on the global impact of language oppression. Résumé: L'oppression linguistique est un acte pernicieux qui décourage l'utilisation de la langue locale, ce qui entrave la production de connaissances. Une activiste travaillant auprès de sylviculteurs à Papaye, en Haïti, a mis en évidence ce préjudice en déclarant: « Si nous pouvions apprendre, créer, travailler et commercer dans notre propre langue, peut-être que nos enfants n'auraient pas à périr en mer en cherchant à vivre ». Cette réflexion examine l'impact des tensions linguistiques en Haïti, où le français domine l'éducation et où le kreyòl fait face à une opposition malgré des décennies d'activisme. En m'inspirant de mes propres expériences en matière d'insécurité linguistique et de traumatisme, j'insiste sur la nécessité d'apprendre à lire et à ècrire en kreyòl comme outil de lutte contre l'oppression et comme modèle pour les générations futures. Ce témoignage vise à inspirer l'appui à la lecture et l'ècriture en kreyòl par le peuple haïtien et ses alliés, et à offrir de nouvelles perspectives sur l'impact global de l'oppression linguistique. Resumen: La supresión lingüística es una práctica dañina que impide el uso de las lenguas locales, limitando con ello la generación y transmisión de conocimientos. Una activista que colabora con silvicultores en Papaye, Haití, ilustra esta problemática al afirmar: "si pudiéramos aprender, crear, trabajar y comerciar en nuestra propia lengua, tal vez nuestros hijos no tendrían que perecer en el mar intentando vivir". Este artículo examina el impacto de las luchas lingüísticas en Haití, donde el francés predomina en la educación mientras el kreyòl enfrenta resistencia, incluso tras décadas de activismo. A través de una reflexión basada en experiencias personales de inseguridad lingüística y trauma, se destaca la lectoescritura en kreyòl no solo como herramienta de resistencia frente a la represión, sino también como modelo transformador para las nuevas generaciones. Este testimonio busca fomentar acciones a favor del kreyòl, particularmente en el ámbito de la lectoescritura, y aportar perspectivas críticas sobre los impactos sociopolíticos de la supresión lingüística a nivel global.
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3

Govain, Renauld. „Fenomèn sandi e pwoblèm òtograf an kreyòl ayisyen : Kèk pwopozisyon“. Rechèch Etid Kreyòl 1, Nr. 1 (28.10.2022): 203–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.57222/rind8939.

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Rezime Grafi kreyòl ayisyen an, yo ofisyalize an janvye 1980, genyen yon karaktè fonografik epi li baze sou yon prensip yo rele devyans maksimal. Tout moun aksepte li e adopte li, men genyen kèk eleman ki konsène fenomèn lengwistik yo rele sandi a ki poze pwoblèm nan fason nou dwe ekri yo. Nan sans sa a, tankou kreyòl matinikè ak gwadloupeyen, pa egzanp, grafi kreyòl ayisyen an fè objè aksyon revizyon, pou nou pa di refòm. Se sa ki te mennen nan òganizasyon atelye refleksyon DeGraff (2013) oubyen nan « Premye rezolisyon sou òtograf lang kreyòl ayisyen » (AKA, 2013) Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen te pibliye 1e jen 2017. Sepandan, ni youn, ni lòt pa abòde eleman espesifik sa yo ki, poutan, bay pwoblèm nan pratik ekriti lanng nan. Kontribisyon sa a pwopoze yon mányè rezone pou òtografye eleman sa yo. Li pwopoze tou itilizasyon trèdinyon, aksantegi, fason yo dwe ekri adjektif nimeral kadinal yo, mo aglitine yo, mo ki konpoze avèk plizyè eleman epi li montre vwayèl [ũ] oun an pa yon fonèm ki pètinan nan lanng nan. Pwopozisyon yo chita sou yon vize didaktik ki apiye sou yon reyalite kote ekriti marye avèk aktivite lekti ki fòme ak li yon relasyon Kòkòt ak Figawo. Mo kle: Grafi, òtograf, sandi, kreyòl ayisyen, devyans maksimal.
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4

DeGraff, Michel, William Scott Frager und Haynes Miller. „Language Policy in Haitian Education: A History of Conflict over the Use of Kreyòl as Language of Instruction“. Journal of Haitian Studies 28, Nr. 2 (September 2022): 33–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2022.a901944.

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Abstract: Language-in-education policy in Haiti has historically favored French as the language of instruction from the earliest levels of primary school. This has contributed to preventing most children from the monolingual Kreyòl-speaking majority from receiving a quality education, succeeding in school, and accessing the means for socioeconomic progress. Though this has been recognized as a problem since the nation’s independence from France in 1804, this language-based exclusion has yet to be properly addressed. Through an analysis of publicly available documents produced by the Ministry of Education and relevant stakeholders, this article provides a historical overview of Haitian language-in-education policy followed by a critical evaluation of the documents’ contents. The historical overview is split into two parts. First, we summarize policy from independence through 1979, when Kreyòl was first legalized as both language of instruction (LOI) and as object of instruction (OOI). Second, we consider major education-policy documents starting from the pro-Kreyòl reform of Minister of Education Joseph C. Bernard (1979–1982) through November 3, 2022, when we submitted this article for review toward publication. Our evaluation of these documents reveals that, while Kreyòl has made gains from a longitudinal perspective, Bernard’s famous reform has been repeatedly mischaracterized to justify policies that promote French as LOI. Moreover, the Ministry has tended to adopt early-exit transitional language policies (early transition from Kreyòl to French as LOI) that are known to fail (as opposed to more successful additive approaches, such as mother-tongue-based multilingual education ), and student success is often predicated on quickly achieving the unrealistic second-language-attainment goal of balanced bilingualism . This goal favors children from elite francophone households, whereas the goal of functional bilingualism is more well-adapted and realistic in the context of a student population that is essentially monolingual in Kreyòl. This article aims to inform stakeholders of the history and challenges surrounding Kreyòl as LOI—a task given new importance in view of the efforts currently being put forth by the present minister of education, Nesmy Manigat, to implement key aspects of the Bernard Reform and valorize Haiti’s national language in the school system. Our primary objective here is to help break, at long last, Haiti’s pernicious cycle of exclusion based on language and education. Rezime: Politik lang nan sistèm lekòl ann Ayiti te toujou valorize franse kòm lang ansèyman depi nan ti klas primè yo. Preferans sa a kontribye nan mete baboukèt sou pifò ti moun ki soti nan majorite sa a ki pale kreyòl sèlman : baboukèt sa a anpeche yo resevwa yon bon edikasyon, sa anpeche yo reyisi lekòl epi sa anpeche yo jwenn mwayen pou avansman sosyal ak ekonomik. An 1804, Ayiti te bat Lafrans pou n te rive jwenn endepandans nou. Se depi lè sa a lidèchip peyi a te rekonèt baryè lengwistik la. Malgre sa, nou pa ko janm rive kaba esklizyon sa a. Nan atik sa a, nou analize yon seri dokiman ofisyèl ki soti nan Ministè Edikasyon Nasyonal ak lòt enstitisyon k ap feraye nan sektè edikasyon ann Ayiti. Dokiman sa yo disponib devan piblik la epi yo pèmèt nou trase yon itinerè istorik nan dosye politik lang nan sistèm edikasyon ann Ayiti. Epi, tou, nou evalye kontni dokiman yo pou n byen konprann lojik ki ladan. Nou divize itinerè istorik la an de (2) pati. An lagan, nou rezime politik lengwistik peyi a soti 1804 jiska 1979 lè leta te premye legalize kreyòl kòm lang ansèyman (LA) e kòm objè ansèyman (OA). Ann apre, nou konsidere dokiman sa yo ki pi enpòtan nan politik edikasyon ann Ayiti soti nan refòm Minis Joseph C. Bernard nan peryòd 1979–1982 rive nan dat 3 novanm 2022 lè nou te soumèt atik sa a pou evalyasyon nan kad pwojè piblikasyon. Evalyasyon nou sou dokiman sa yo montre ki jan, malgre mouvman kreyòl te rive fè pwogrè nan istwa peyi a, gen otorite k ap plede defigire reprezantasyon refòm Bernard 1982 a pou yo kore yon politik ki ankouraje lang franse kòm LA ; epi, tou, Ministè a te vin gen tandans adopte yon politik tranzisyon rapid—soti nan kreyòl kòm LA rive nan franse kòm LA—ki souvan kreye echèk, olye pou yo adopte yon apwòch aditif ki gen plis chans pou reyisi, tankou edikasyon miltileng ki baze sou lang matènèl ; epi se kon sa siksè elèv yo souvan vin bloke an ba yon objektif bilengwis ekilibre . Objektif sa a se pou avantaj ti moun ki soti nan elit ki pale franse a. E poutan, objektif bilengwis fonksyonèl la pi byen adapte e li pi reyalis nan kontèks yon popilasyon kote se kreyòl la ki rele pifò aprenan chè mèt chè mètrès. Ki fè n ekri atik sa a gen pou n enfòme moun ki konsène yo sou istwa ak defi ki antoure lang kreyòl la kòm LA. Jounen jodi a, analiz sa a vin pi enpòtan toujou lè n konsidere jefò Minis Edikasyon Nasyonal la, Nesmy Manigat, k ap feraye pou l enplemante kèk aspè fondal natal nan Refòm Bernard 1982 a, pou valorizasyon lang nasyonal la nan sistèm lekòl peyi a. Objektif prensipal pa nou se ede kraze kokenn chenn baryè sa yo ki, depi digdantan, ap sèvi ak lang ansanm ak edikasyon pou konsolide apatèd nan peyi a. (N ap prepare yon vèsyon kreyòl atik sa a k ava parèt nan yon pwochenn nimewo Jounal Etid Ayisyen — Journal of Haitian Studies .)
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5

Tezil, David. „On the influence of Kreyòl swa“. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 37, Nr. 2 (03.11.2022): 291–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00096.tez.

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Abstract The Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) spoken by bilingual speakers is a prestigious form of speech generally referred to as Kreyòl swa (KS), where Frenchified features (e.g. front rounded vowels) are often used. In contrast, monolingual speakers use Kreyòl rèk (KR), a variety in which Frenchified features do not generally occur (Fattier-Thomas 1984; Valdman 2015). In this article, I establish the nasalization of the definite determiner /la/ in non-nasal environments (LÃ), e.g. chat lan for chat la ‘the cat’, as a feature of KS. I show that while bilingual speakers do use both Frenchification and LÃ, monolingual speakers overuse nasalization as compared to bilingual speakers, but use Frenchification less than the bilingual group because it is harder to produce. Based in these findings, I suggest that the sociolinguistic situation of Haiti is more complex, i.e. it is extended beyond the relationship between French and Kreyòl.
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Coogan, Meaghan Jeanne, und Laura Vargas Zuleta. „Kreyòl Gade, Kreyòl Konprann: A Multilingual Catalog of Haitian Cinema“. Journal of Haitian Studies 29, Nr. 2 (September 2023): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2023.a934144.

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Abstract: Haitian cinema is a growing industry that has produced several award-winning films in recent years. However, the unavailability of clear and straightforward information limits its exposure to a broader audience. To address this issue, we developed a multilingual Haitian cinema website, "Kreyòl gade, kreyòl konprann" (https://haitianfilmsdataba.wixsite.com/kreyolgade), that offers information about Haitian films to a global audience. Inspired by the proverb "Kreyòl pale, kreyòl konprann," the project reflects the complexity of these words, which on the one hand evoke a sense of linguistic community, and on the other, highlight the language barriers within and against the Haitian community. Thus, the multilingual website offers comprehensive information about Haitian cinema, including a database of films with synopses and relevant details such as the director, language, and where to find it. Additionally, the website features a blog with reviews and interviews as well as a bibliography of sources in different formats and languages, and it invites collaboration through our "Contact Us" page. The website's multilingualism makes it accessible to Kreyòl, French, Spanish, and English speakers. Furthermore, accessibility to those located in the Caribbean was a central concern, and consequently, the website has been designed with minimalist graphics and fonts to better serve areas with lower internet speeds. Overall, it serves as a comprehensive resource for film enthusiasts, academics, and anyone interested in learning about Haitian cinema. By providing a platform for Haitian filmmakers to showcase their work to a global audience, the website plays an essential role in promoting cultural exchange and understanding. Rezime: Endistri sinema ayisyen an ap grandi chak jou. Se yon endistri ki pwodui plizyè fim e ki pran plizyè prim tou. Sepandan, mank enfòmasyon ki klè sou endistri sa a limite ekspozisyon li pou rive jwenn yon odyans ki pi laj. Pou rezoud pwoblèm sa a, nou te devlope yon sitwèb miltileng pou endistri sinema ayisyen an, "Kreyòl gade, kreyòl konprann" (https://haitianfilmsdataba.wixsite.com/kreyolgade), ki ofri anpil enfòmasyon sou fim ayisyen yo pou atire yon odyans mondyal. Pwovèb ayisyen an "Kreyòl pale kreyòl konprann" enspire nou, e donk, pwojè a reflete konpleksite mo sa yo, ki kominike yon sans kominote lengwistik, epi ki souliye baryè lang lan anndan kominote ayisyen an menm, e kont kominite ayisyen an tou. Kidonk, sitwèb la ofri enfòmasyon konplè sou endistri sinema ayisyen an, ki gen ladan lis fim yo, rezime ak detay apwopriye/enpòtan tankou direktè fim yo, diferan lang epi ki kote ou kabap jwenn fim yo. Anplis, sitwèb la genyen yon blòg kote w ap jwenn revi, entèvyou ansanm ak yon bibliyografi ki nan diferan lang ak diferan fòma. Nou envite tout moun pote kolaborasyon yo atravè paj "kontakte nou" a. Sit la miltileng, sa fè li aksesib pou moun ki pale kreyòl ayisyen, franse, panyòl ak angle. Epitou, bay moun ki nan Karayib la aksè a sit sa a se te yon priyorite pou pwojè sa a. Pou rezon sa a, sit la te fèt avèk grafik minimalis ak kodaj ki pa konplike, yon fason pou ede moun k ap viv nan zòn ki gen vitès entènèt ki ba yo monte sou li ak fasilite. An gwo, sit la sèvi tankou yon sous konplè pou moun ki renmen fim, moun ki nan mond akademik la ak nenpòt moun ki enterese aprann sou endistri sinema ayisyen an. Sit la bay yon plafòm pou direktè fim ayisyen yo ekspoze fim yo pou yon odyans mondyal, epi sit la jwe yon wòl esansyèl nan ankouraje echanj ak konpreyansyon kiltirèl.
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Tézil, David. „Sociolinguistic challenges and new perspectives on determining French speakers in Creole communities: the case of Haiti“. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2024, Nr. 288 (01.07.2024): 177–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2023-0108.

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Abstract This study examines the sociolinguistic challenges and explores new perspectives on the evaluation of French competency in creole-speaking communities, particularly in Haiti. Due to the absence of an effective and adaptable French proficiency test in the country, the percentage of Francophones often varies between 5 % and 10 %, and as high as 42 %. This inconsistency may be the result of the assumption that schooling is an effective metric of French proficiency. In this study, I argue that while schooling creates some French speakers, it is not necessarily indicative of French proficiency for all Haitians. In other words, not all Haitians enrolled in schools can count as French speakers. I make three propositions to improve the accuracy of the proportion of French speakers in Haiti: (1) combining schooling with some proficiency instrument to determine French speakers; (2) using an adaptable proficiency test that is based on the salient features that distinguish French from Haitian Creole (Kreyòl); (3) controlling for sociolinguistic varieties such as Frenchified Kreyòl or Kreyòl swa to prevent the miscategorization of monolingual Kreyòl speakers as French speakers.
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Past, Mariana. „Twin Pillars of Resistance: Vodou and Haitian Kreyòl in Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s Ti difé boulé sou istoua Ayiti [Stirring the Pot of Haitian History]“. Latin American Literary Review 49, Nr. 97 (17.11.2021): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26824/lalr.218.

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Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s first book, Ti difé boulé sou istoua Ayiti [Stirring the Pot of Haitian History] (1977), exposes the foundational role of Haitian Vodou and the Kreyòl language in Haiti’s Revolution (1791-1804). The unprecedented victory achieved by the enslaved people in the former French colony of Saint Domingue was a useful paradigm for subsequent Latin American independence movements, starting with Simón Bolívar’s liberation of Venezuela (1811-19). This essay analyzes selected passages from Ti difé boulé that explicitly incorporate Vodou songs, prayers, and terminology to show how Trouillot provocatively deploys oral sources of historical narrative and memory. The young activist, writing in Haitian Kreyòl from New York City during the darkest days of the Duvalier régime, powerfully contests official versions of Haitian history by emphasizing the Haitian people’s agency. Vodou and Kreyòl, born out of struggle within a repressive colonial framework, are the great coherencies underlying Haitian resistance. Ti difé boulé examines neocolonial patterns of oppression emerging during the nineteenth century and critiques revolutionary icon Toussaint Louverture, revealing how Haiti’s predatory State harnessed Vodou to continue systematically subjugating the Haitian people. Trouillot’s innovative yet understudied masterpiece offers contemporary readers “new narratives” of Haiti. As twin pillars of Haitian resistance and cultural identity, Vodou and Kreyòl remain a vital and vibrant part of the American heritage. They merit more nuanced understandings within a cultural and political context where they have increasingly come under siege, inside and outside of Haiti.
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Medford, Kendall. „“Eso no es Kreyòl”“. Journal of Language Contact 17, Nr. 3 (27.11.2024): 533–52. https://doi.org/10.1163/19552629-bja10087.

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Abstract Haitians have immigrated to the neighboring Dominican Republic in large numbers since the early twentieth century. Their language, Haitian Creole (Kreyòl), can be heard while walking down almost any Dominican street, and inside of Dominican schools, churches, restaurants, and office buildings. However, the language is highly stigmatized inside the country, which has led to varying levels of language shift and bilingualism among Dominicans of Haitian descent. This research offers a contemporary examination of language attitudes towards Haitian Creole in a community of Dominicans of Haitian descent. Using 4 ethnolinguistic interviews conducted in 2022 in a former batey (sugarcane mill) town in the Dominican Republic, the author provides a case study of the complex sociolinguistic situation that many Dominicans of Haitian descent face. Focus is placed on how demographic shifts and other sociocultural factors have impacted the language choices of Haitians in this bilingual context. This research finds that a speakers command of Haitian Creole – or lack thereof – greatly impacts their sense of ethnolinguistic identity and group belonging within the Haitian diaspora.
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Holz Nunes, Ariele Helena, und Ana Lívia Agostinho. „Propriedades estruturais dos ideofones no kreyòl“. Cadernos de Estudos Linguísticos 64 (28.06.2022): e022019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v64i00.8667694.

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Este estudo analisa a categoria dos ideofones no kreyòl (crioulo haitiano), itens lexicais que representam uma ideia em um som. O trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as propriedades estruturais dos ideofones haitianos relacionadas aos âmbitos morfofonológico, sintático e semântico. O embasamento teórico segue Samarin (1965), Childs (1994a, 1994b), Dingemanse (2011), Costa (2017), entre outros autores. Quanto aos preceitos metodológicos, a investigação parte da recolha de dados em fontes já existentes, sobretudo, Prou (2000) e Champion et al. (2015). Um corpus de 81 dados de ideofones foi reanalisado e reclassificado a partir de três critérios para uma palavra ser considerada um ideofone no kreyòl: (1) apresentar conteúdo/traço onomatopaico, (2) sofrer reduplicação (morfo)fonológica e (3) não possuir somente conteúdo nominal. Logo, o corpus passou a contar com 66 dados, que foram tratados nos softwares Excel e Dekereke. Dentre as hipóteses levantadas, assumimos que os ideofones haitianos representam um marcador de complexidade gramatical, posto que as suas características gerais indicam a utilização de diferentes recursos para expressar um mesmo fenômeno. Além disso, destacamos que a morfofonologia é a área de análise mais produtiva dos ideofones haitianos. Em linhas gerais, as principais características estruturais dos ideofones do kreyòl são: (1) para a sintaxe – tendem a ocorrer em sentenças declarativas, manifestam-se em posição sintática medial e/ou final; (2) para a morfofonologia – apresentam formatos morfofonológicos variados (A, A.A, A.B.B, A.B.C etc); sofrem reduplicação total e parcial, e reduplicação morfológica e fonológica; obedecem aos inventários vocálico e consonantal existentes no kreyòl, bem como seguem a estrutura silábica canônica (CV, CVC, CCV etc.); e (3) para a semântica – podem ser enquadrados em diferentes macrocategorias semânticas, sendo as mais expressivas: ações, sons e movimentos.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Kreyòl"

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Pierre, Louis Bartholy. „Quelle autogestion des pratiques sociolinguistiques haïtiennes dans les interactions verbales scolaires et extrascolaires en Haïti ? : une approche sociodidactique de la pluralité linguistique“. Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20052/document.

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Ce travail de recherche basé sur une approche empirico-inductive est une description analytique et une synthèse interprétative des pratiques sociolinguistiques haïtiennes à partir des représentations du français et du créole (langues co-officielles). Situé largement devant le créole haïtien et l’anglais, le français se trouve au centre de la demande sociale pour son rôle dans l’insertion socioprofessionnelle en Haïti. De par sa fonction de langue seconde par rapport au créole, langue première en Haïti, il génère des phénomènes de discriminations, d’insécurité et de sécurité dans les interactions verbales scolaires et extrascolaires. Dans ce contexte, le créole francisé comme indice d’une double identité apparente (créolofrancophone) des scolarisés ne peut remplacer le français. L’autogestion de la pluralité linguistique haïtienne est alors envisagée dans une sociodidactique de « terrain » afin de réduire l’insécurité linguistique et faciliter la réussite éducative. Cette recherche propose comme démarche, une « didactique énonciative contextualisée » considérant le français haïtien comme un construit à partir des ressources linguistico-culturelles locales autogérées et partagées et capable de transposer les pratiques quotidiennes extrascolaires des apprenants locuteurs en pratiques scolaires ordinaires pour libérer la parole
Based on an empirico-inductive approach, this research is an analytical description and interpretative synthesis of Haitian sociolinguistic practices from the perceptions of both French and Creole (co-official languages). Positioned way ahead of Haitian Creole and English, French is at the core of social demands due to its role in socioprofessional integration in Haiti. Because it functions as a second language compared to Haitian Creole – first language in Haiti – it generates discriminations, insecurity and security in school and extracurricular verbal interactions. In this context, Frenchified Creole as an index of school-goers' apparent double identity (CreoloFrench-Speaking) can not replace French. The self-management of Haitian linguistic plurality is then considered through « field » sociodidactics so as to reduce linguistic insecurity and facilitate educational success. The approach proposed in this study is « contextualised enunciative didactics ». It considers Haitian French as a construct from local, self-managed and shared linguistico-cultural ressources, and it allows to transpose the speaking learners' daily extra-curricular practices into ordinary school practices to liberate speech
Travay rechèch sa a ki chita sou yon apwòch anpiriko-endiktiv se yon deskripsyon analitik e yon sentèz entèpretativ pratik sosyolengwistik ayisyèn yo apati reprezantasyon fransè ak kreyòl (lang ko-ofisyèl). Pou wòl li nan ensèsyon sosyopwofesyonèl, fransè plase nan sant demand sosyal la devan lontan kreyòl ayisyen ak anglè. Fonksyon lang segond li parapò ak kreyòl, lang premyè an Ayiti, kreye fenomèn diskriminasyon, ensekirite e sekirite nan entèraksyon vèbal eskolè ak ekstra-eskolè. Nan kontèks sa a, kreyòl fransize kòm endis yon doub idantite sou po (créolofrakofòn) pou eskolarize yo pa kapab ranplase fransè. Otojesyon pliralite lengwistik ayisyèn nan antre nan yon sosyodidaktik « de teren » pou kapab diminye ensekirite lengwistik la epi fasilite reyisit edikativ yo. Rechèch sa a pwopoze kòm demach, yon « didaktik enonsyativ kontekstyalize » pendan l’ap konsidere fransè ayisyen kòm yon konstwi (siman) ki soti nan resous lengwistiko-kiltirèl lokal ki jere tèt yo epi ki se yon pataj ki kapab transpoze pratik bese-leve ekstra-eskolè aprenan lokitè yo an pratik eskolèòdinè pou libere la paroli
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Desrivières, Jean Durosier. „La poésie bilingue franco-créole de Monchoachi (Martinique) et de Georges Castera fils (Haïti) : entre interritorialité et exterritorialité linguistiques, identité ouverte et identité close“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Antilles, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ANTI1209.

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Georges Castera fils (Haïti) et Monchoachi (Martinique) ont produit une œuvre poétique bilingue majeure et conséquente, en français et en créole. Néanmoins, chacun des deux poètes fait un usage particulier de ses deux langues principales dans sa pratique d’écriture et celle-ci donne lieu à une expression identitaire singulière. Le but de ce travail consiste à nommer et à montrer le bilinguisme pratiqué par le poète haïtien et le poète martiniquais, tout en dévoilant que leur poésie bilingue débouche sur l’expression d’une identité assez close concernant le premier et très ouverte s’agissant du second. Certes, cette étude part d’abord du concept de « bilinguisme », puis de « diglossie », de « diglossie littéraire » et d’« interlecte », selon Charles A. Ferguson, Jean Bernabé et Félix Lambert Prudent respectivement. Elle examine la poésie bilingue des deux poètes à partir des concepts de bilinguisme, d’interlecte, d’hétérolinguisme (Grutman) et de « territorialité linguistique », évaluée de façon spécifique par Felix Tacke, pour aboutir aux concepts fonctionnels et opératoires, novateurs, de bilinguisme autonome et de bilinguisme composé, d’interritorialité, d’exterritorialité et d’interterritorialité linguistiques. Grâce à l’analyse comparatiste des œuvres bilingues des auteurs, basée sur le croisement de la linguistique structurale (Ducrot), la sémanalyse (Kristeva), la sémiotique (Barthes et Riffaterre) et la critique thématique (Richard et Barthes), ce travail a pu attester que Georges Castera est surtout un interritolingue, pratiquant strictement les langues officielles et nationales du territoire haïtien, dans une perspective de bilinguisme autonome – usage séparé du créole et du français. Tandis que Monchoachi se révèle un interterritolingue, pratiquant les langues locales du territoire martiniquais (français et créole), selon un bilinguisme composé, en recourant aux variantes des créoles de la Caraïbe franco-créolophone, à différents états du français et à d’autres langues étrangères. L’analyse comparatiste a aussi permis de dégager deux poétiques chez les deux poètes : 1) l’une différenciée, ayant le matérialisme en commun : la corpoétique de Castera et la panpoétique de Monchoachi ; 2) l’autre conjuguée, marquée par la notion d’ambivalence. Les concepts résultant de ce travail devraient favoriser l’analyse et la dénomination de phénomènes linguistiques liés aux créations poétiques, voire à des énoncés en général, reflétant le bilinguisme différencié de locuteurs ciblés, eu égard à d’autres sphères bilingues de la région Caraïbe ou d’ailleurs
Georges Castera, Jr. (Haiti) and Monchoachi (Martinique) have produced a significant and substantial body of bilingual poetry, in French and Creole. Yet, each of the two poets makes a particular use of their primary languages in their writing practices, resulting in a unique expression of identity. The work aims to identify and illustrate the bilingualism exhibited by the Haitian and Martinican poets, while revealing that their bilingual poetry conveys the expression of a relatively closed identity in the case for Castera, Jr. and a markedly open identity for Monchoachi. Naturally, this study begins with the concept of “bilingualism”, followed by “diglossia”, “literary diglossia” and “interlecte”, according to Charles A. Ferguson, Jean Bernabé and Félix Lambert Prudent respectively. It examines the bilingual poetry of both poets through the lenses of bilingualism, interlecte, heterolingualism (as proposed by Grutman), and “linguistic territoriality,” analyzed specifically by Felix Tacke, to arrive at functional and operational innovative concepts of autonomous and compound bilingualism, linguistic interritoriality, exterritoriality, and interterritoriality. Using a unique comparative analysis of the authors' bilingual works, which draws from structural linguistics (Ducrot), semanalysis (Kristeva), semiotics (Barthes and Rifaterre) and thematic criticism (Richard and Barthes), this thesis demonstrates that Georges Castera is above all an interritolingual. He strictly employs the official and national languages of Haitian territory, reflecting a perspective of autonomous bilingualism characterized by the separate use of Creole and French. Monchoachi, on the other hand, is an interterritolingual who uses the local languages of Martinique (French and Creole) in a compound bilingualism. He incorporates various Creole variants from the Franco-Creole-speaking Caribbean to different forms of French, and other foreign languages. Comparative analysis has also allowed us to identify distinct poetics in the two poets: 1) one differentiated, sharing a common materialism: Castera's corpoétique and Monchoachi's panpoétique; 2) the other conjugated, characterized by the notion of ambivalence. The concepts resulting from this work should facilitate the analysis and naming of linguistic phenomena associated with poetic creations, or even broader statements, that reflect the nuanced bilingualism of targeted speakers, with respect to other bilingual spheres in the Caribbean region or elsewhere
Georges Castera fils (Ayiti) ak Monchoachi (Matinik) ekri yon kokennchenn travay poetik bileng, an franse e an kreyòl. Men chak poèt yo itilize toulede lang yo jan pa li lè l ap ekri ; pratik yo chak bay ekspresyon yon idantite espesyal. Objektif travay rechèch sa a se nonmen ak montre mòd bilengwism poèt ayisyen an ak poèt matinikè a ap pratike, pandan l ap devwale pwezi bileng yo a ki debouche sou ekspresyon yon idantite ase fèmen bò kote Castera, e ki byen louvri bò kote Monchoachi. Se vre, etid sa a chita dabò sou baz konsèpt « bilengwism » lan, epi li pase wè konsèpt « diglosi » a dapre Charles A. Ferguson, « diglosi litérè » a dapre Jean Bernabé ak « entèrlèkt » la dapre Félix Lambert Prudent. Li analize pwezi bileng de poèt yo sou baz konsèpt bilengwism lan ak entèlèkt la, sou baz etewolengwism lan tou, dapre Grutman, ak « teritoryalite lengwistik » la ke Felix Tacke konsidere nan sans pa li. Konsèpt sa yo rive jwenn yon seri de lòt konsèpt tou nèf ki fonksyonèl e operatwa : bilengwism otonòm, bilengwism konpoze, enteritoryalite, eksteteritoryalite ak entèrteritoryalite lengwistik. Gras ak analiz konparatis sou travay poetik bileng de otè yo, ki baze sou kwazman lengwistik striktiral dapre Ducrot, semanaliz dapre Kristeva, semyotik dapre Barthes ak Riffaterre e kritik tematik dapre Richard ak Barthes, travay rechèch sa a rive sètifye Georges Castera sitou tankou yon enteritoleng k ap pratike lang ofisyèl ak lang nasyonal teritwa ayisyen yon jan strik, sou bann bilengwism otonòm lan – sa vle di li itilize kreyòl la ak franse a san li pa melanje yo. Alòske Monchoachi montre li se yon entèteritoleng k ap pratike lang lokal teritwa matinikè a (franse ak kreyòl), dapre yon bilengwism konpoze ki pran sous li nan plizyè kreyòl Karayib ki pale franse-kreyòl la, nan diferan degre franse a ak plizyè lòt lang etranje. Analiz konparatis la pèmèt de powetik sòti nan travay de poèt yo : 1) youn ki diferan, menm si materyalism lan sèvi kòm tèm ki reyini yo : kòpoetik bò kote Castera, panpoetik bò kote Monchoachi ; 2) yon lòt powetik ki mete toulède poèt yo dakò plizoumwen, paske li chita sou nosyon mazimaza (ambivalence oubyen ambiguïté an franse) ke yo pataje. Tout konsèpt ki soti nan travay sa a ta dwe favorize analiz ak mannyè pou nonmen yon seri de fenomèn lengwistik ki makònen ak kreyasyon powetik. Yo ta dwe makònen tou ak yon pil pawòl k ap pale toulong, pawòl ki konsène yon pil moun bileng : moun k ap pale de lang ki plizoumwen diferan, si nou konsidere lòt espas bileng nan laKarayib oubyen lòt kote
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Krell, Hartmut Krell Nicolaus. „Das Verfahren gegen den 1601 hingerichteten kursächsischen Kanzler Dr. Nicolaus Krell /“. Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/508403588.pdf.

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Stelzer, Max [Verfasser], Franz [Akademischer Betreuer] Kreupl, Georg [Gutachter] Düsberg und Franz [Gutachter] Kreupl. „Highly reliable graphenic carbon-silicon contacts / Max Stelzer ; Gutachter: Georg Düsberg, Franz Kreupl ; Betreuer: Franz Kreupl“. München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237815738/34.

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Hübner, Sebastian [Verfasser], Franz [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Kreupl und Thomas [Gutachter] Mikolajick. „Replacing Beryllium: Novel Graphenic Carbon X-ray Transmission Windows / Sebastian Hübner ; Gutachter: Franz Kreupl, Thomas Mikolajick ; Betreuer: Franz Kreupl“. München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/112058440X/34.

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Neumeier, Benedikt [Verfasser], Franz [Akademischer Betreuer] Kreupl, Alexander W. [Gutachter] Koch und Franz [Gutachter] Kreupl. „Zustandsüberwachung optischer Elemente in Laserschneidanlagen mittels akustischer Thermometrie / Benedikt Neumeier ; Gutachter: Alexander W. Koch, Franz Kreupl ; Betreuer: Franz Kreupl“. München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1159703566/34.

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Dietz, Stephanie [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Krekel und Volker [Gutachter] Schaible. „Malen mit Glas – Studien zur Maltechnik von Hans Holbein d.Ä. / Stephanie Dietz ; Gutachter: Christoph Krekel, Volker Schaible ; Betreuer: Christoph Krekel“. Köln : Bibliothek der Technischen Hochschule Köln, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1130783820/34.

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Dietz, Stephanie Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] [Krekel und Volker [Gutachter] Schaible. „Malen mit Glas – Studien zur Maltechnik von Hans Holbein d.Ä. / Stephanie Dietz ; Gutachter: Christoph Krekel, Volker Schaible ; Betreuer: Christoph Krekel“. Köln : Bibliothek der Technischen Hochschule Köln, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-cos4-3242.

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Kredel, Alexander [Verfasser]. „Auf Metallakronen basierende 3d-4f Sandwichkomplexe / Alexander Kredel“. Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1225685478/34.

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Hommel, Sören [Verfasser], Franz [Akademischer Betreuer] Kreupl, Franz [Gutachter] Kreupl und Markus [Gutachter] Becherer. „High Resolution Probing of Charge Carrier Properties in Semiconductor Device Materials / Sören Hommel ; Gutachter: Franz Kreupl, Markus Becherer ; Betreuer: Franz Kreupl“. München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192441796/34.

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Bücher zum Thema "Kreyòl"

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Cassseus, Guada. Kominikasyon Kreyòl 4èm ane fondamantal: Koleksyon kreyòl pale kreyòl konprann. Port-au-Prince, Haiti: Kopivit L'Action Sociale, 2008.

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Nicolas, Paule. Gramè kreyòl. Petyonvil, Ayiti: EdikaSolèy, 2006.

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gÉRARD-mARIE, tARDIEU. Gramè Kreyòl. Petion Ville, Haiti: EdikaSolèy, 2006.

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Castera, Georges. Jòf: Pwèm kreyòl. Port-au-Prince, Haïti: Mémoire, 2001.

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Banbou, Pyè. Tim Tim: Fab Kreyòl. Pòtoprens, Ayiti: Enstiti Lengistik Aplike Pòtoprens, 1985.

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Max, Louissaint, Hrsg. Kreyòl / English pocket dictionary. Sarasota, FL: House of Hope Ministries, 2005.

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Dejean, Yves. Ann aprann òtograf kreyòl la. New York, NY: K.A.P.A.B., 1986.

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Wainwright, Franz. Bonifas ak malefis: (kont Kreyòl). [Miami]: [Libreri Mapou Bookstore], 1999.

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Doret, Michel R. Lexique français-créole =: Leksik kreyòl-fransè. [New York]: Michel R. Doret, 2009.

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Savain, Roger E. Haitian-Kreol in ten steps: Dis pa nan kreyòl ayisyen-an / Woje E. Savain. 6. Aufl. [Philadelphia]: Xlibris, 2009.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Kreyòl"

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Bulamah, Rodrigo C. „From Marrons to Kreyòl: Human-Animal Relations in Early Caribbean“. In Global Plantations in the Modern World, 35–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08537-6_2.

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Arndt, T. „Kresol(isomere)“. In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_1781-1.

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Arndt, T. „Kresol(isomere)“. In Springer Reference Medizin, 1406. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_1781.

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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., und Anna I. Glushenkova. „Atropa caucasica Kreyer.“ In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources, 873. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_2830.

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Bissoonauth, Anu, Henri Jeanjean und Michael Matthias. „Attitudes of Mauritian school teachers towards Kreol in education“. In Contact Language Library, 186–206. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1075/coll.61.06bis.

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Abstract Kreol Morisien has been taught, alongside Asian heritage languages, as an optional language in primary schools since 2012 and in secondary schools from 2018 in Mauritius. A sociolinguistic study investigated the changing patterns of language use and language attitudes of Mauritians towards learning Kreol in school (Bissoonauth 2019). This chapter focuses on the teachers’ attitudes towards Kreol both as a subject of study and as a medium of instruction. Results reveal a disjuncture between acceptance of Kreol, as the mother tongue that can facilitate learning, and a preference for French over Kreol in the home context. The findings highlight challenges for education policy makers for the future of Mauritius as a multicultural, multilingual but predominantly a creolophone nation.
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Struve, Ulrich. „Emma Krell-Werth (d. i. Emma Krell, geb. 1906)“. In Der Findling Kaspar Hauser in der Literatur, 304–6. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03383-3_62.

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Schettler, Gotthard. „Ludolf Krehl 1861–1936“. In Semper Apertus Sechshundert Jahre Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg 1386–1986, 1212–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70477-2_44.

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Oozeerally, Shameem. „Towards the construction of technical vocabulary in Kreol Morisien“. In Contact Language Library, 207–28. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1075/coll.61.07ooz.

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Abstract This chapter examines theoretical and methodological processes associated with the proposal to create technical vocabulary in Kreol Morisien for mathematics and astronomy. Drawing on the eco-sociolinguistic epistemological stance of Oozeerally et al. (2014), and an ongoing MIE-funded research project, this chapter uses a sample corpus from a Grade 7 Mathematics book and an online astronomy glossary to test the transcontextual vehicularity (TcV) framework, as well as the preferences of potential users based on reception tests. It also discusses the challenges involved with developing a special-purpose lexicography for Kreol Morisien, considering the multilingual context and the standardisation efforts in Mauritius. It also aims to contribute to research and policy endeavours related to lexicology, lexicography, and language planning in multilingual contexts.
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Hoffmann, Thomas. „Die Medizinische Klinik (Ludolf-Krehl-Klinik)“. In Semper Apertus Sechshundert Jahre Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg 1386–1986, 2550–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70477-2_106.

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Hoffmann, Thomas. „Die Medizinische Klinik (Ludolf-Krehl-Klinik)“. In Die Gebäude der Universität Heidelberg, 432–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71603-4_32.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Kreyòl"

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Robinson, Nathaniel, Raj Dabre, Ammon Shurtz, Rasul Dent, Onenamiyi Onesi, Claire Monroc, Loïc Grobol et al. „Kreyòl-MT: Building MT for Latin American, Caribbean and Colonial African Creole Languages“. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.naacl-long.170.

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Rakhmayanti, Fully, und Wiyatmi Wiyatmi. „Marginalization of Woman in Kremil Novel by Suparto Brata“. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Language, Literature and Education (ICILLE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icille-18.2019.24.

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Bastien, David Joshen, Vijay Prakash Chumroo und Johan Patrice Bastien. „Case Study on Data Collection of Kreol Morisien, a Low-Resourced Creole Language“. In 2022 IST-Africa Conference (IST-Africa). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ist-africa56635.2022.9845658.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Kreyòl"

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Michalczewsky, Kathia, Anabel González, Amalia Stuhldreher, Patrick Low, Lucía Giudice, Gala Gómez Minujín, Ganeshan Wignaraja et al. Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 15 : No. 33 : July-December, 2011. Inter-American Development Bank, Dezember 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008366.

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The Integration & Trade Journal includes articles on the different aspects of integration in Latin America and the Caribbean, on hemispheric integration and, furthermore, on similar processes in other parts of the world. The Journal issued a call for the submission of papers that reviewed regional integration processes in Latin America and the Caribbean. This issue includes a collection of the many papers submitted. The titles include: Why it is Worth Rethinking Latin American Integration?; Financial Cooperation within the Context of South American Integration: Current Balance and Future Challenges; The Relevance of LAIA; The Andean Integration Process: Origins, Transformations and Structures; 20 Years on: The Achievements and Pending Challenges of MERCOSUR; MERCOSUR and the Challenges of its Joint Trade Policy: Achievements and Shortcomings of a Process of Incomplete Communitarization; Increasing the Trade Related Capacity of CARICOM Firms in a Post-Crisis Global Economy: The Role of Standards and Regulations; Caribbean Integration: A Rules of Origin Perspective. There's also a special section on Latin American Trading Blocs: Between Reality and Utopia, and a series of interviews to Patrick Low, Anabel González, Ganeshan Wignaraja, and Alejandro Krell.
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Michalczewsky, Kathia, Anabel González, Amalia Stuhldreher, Patrick Low, Lucía Giudice, Gala Gómez Minujín, Ganeshan Wignaraja et al. Revista Integración & Comercio: Año 15 : No. 33 : Julio-Diciembre, 2011. Inter-American Development Bank, Dezember 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008382.

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La Revista Integración & Comercio del BID incluye artículos referidos a las distintas manifestaciones del proceso de integración en América Latina y el Caribe, a la integración hemisférica y, también, a los procesos con igual orientación que se llevan a cabo en otras partes del mundo. La Revista convocó a la presentación de trabajos que analicen los procesos de integración regional en América Latina y el Caribe. Este número incluye una selección de los trabajos. Los títulos son los siguientes: ¿Por qué vale la pena repensar la integración latinoamericana?; La cooperación financiera en el contexto de la integración sudamericana: Balance y desafíos futuros; La vigencia de la ALADI; La integración andina: Origen, transformaciones y estructuras; 20 años después: Logros y desafíos: Pendientes del MERCOSUR; MERCOSUR y los desafíos de su política comercial conjunta: Logros y déficit de un proceso de comunitarización incompleta; Cómo mejorar la capacidad relacionada con el comercio de las empresas de la CARICOM en la economía mundial después de la crisis: El rol de las normas y las disposiciones; Integración caribeña: Perspectiva a partir de las normas de origen. También se incluye una sección especial sobre bloques comerciales latinoamericanos: entre la realidad y la utopía y una serie de entrevistas a Patrick Low, Anabel González, Ganeshan Wignaraja, y Alejandro Krell.
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