Zeitschriftenartikel: „Kolkata metropolis“

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Mukherjee, Swarnali, Gautum Aditya, Parthiba Basu und Goutam K. Saha. „Butterfly diversity in Kolkata metropolis: a synoptic check list“. Check List 12, Nr. 2 (18.03.2016): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.2.1858.

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Butterflies are considered charismatic species for conservation planning as well as environmental monitoring and management. In this study, we assessed the richness of butterfly and associated plant species in Kolkata, India to provide baseline information on the extent of species diversity and prospective use in urban planning and conservation. In association with 39 different herbs and shrubs, at least 54 species of butterflies, belonging to five families, were found in urban habitats of Kolkata. Variations in the diversity indices of the butterfly and plant were observed over the months with highest values in the summer and postmonsoon period and low in the winter months. Butterfly association with the host plants reflected the ascendancy of generalist species in the study area. The network of butterfly and the host plant may be explored further to facilitate the conservation of butterfly and sustain the environmental quality of Kolkata, India

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Chaudhury, S., I. Roy, S. Podder, S. K. Gupta und G. K. Saha. „Diversity of Synanthropic Mites in Kolkata Metropolis, India“. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 104, Nr. 3-4 (01.12.2005): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v104/i3-4/2005/159312.

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Das, Gautam Kumar. „Water Quality Rating of Waterbodies in and around Kolkata Metropolis“. Indian Science Cruiser 36, Nr. 6 (01.11.2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24906/isc/2022/v36/i6/220824.

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GK, Saha. „House Dust Mite Allergy in Kolkata Metropolis in Response to Change in Lifestyle“. International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 2, Nr. 6 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000189.

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Mishra, Siba Prasad, und Tridib Karmakar. „Anthropocene Air Quality Impact on the Kolkata People“. Advances in Research 25, Nr. 3 (12.03.2024): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2024/v25i31049.

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Air quality is a significant concern globally, particularly in densely populated urban areas like Kolkata, pollution-wise the 2nd largest, fast-growing metropolis in India. The present study correlates to Kolkata city during the pre-Anthropocene (the 1950s) and the concurrent air quality related to human health. Investigating the impact of anthropogenic activities on air quality in Calcutta and Kolkata is relevant to understanding public health risks and environmental sustainability. The portrayal of the current air pollutants, causes, classification and measuring apparatuses recommended by the India Meteorological Department, collected from WBPCB, the levels of the parameters such as. Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), CO, CO2, NO2, O3 and SO2 etc. and analysed statistically. Air pollution has outnumbered the fatalities of other polluting agents such as waterborne, waste, radiation, and anthropogenic players in the 21st century. The novel insights into the specific effects of anthropogenic activities on air quality in Kolkata are the vulnerabilities of transportation, industry, meteorological and slum activities that are valuable. The vulnerabilities that distract ambient air quality indices have reached critical levels of air pollutants, especially particulate matter, GHG gases and NO2. Different zones in the city are residential, commercial, shanty towns, and industrial areas. Results show levels of pollution are different in each area. Seasonal considered, the winter season is found to have the highest distraction from ambient air quality. Some suitable measures are conceptualised that will mitigate the menace of air pollution to pave the way for bringing sustainable urban health and environment development to Greater Kolkata.

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Mondal, Dinabandhu, und Sucharita Sen. „Methodological Dimensions of Delineating Peri-urban Areas: The Case of Kolkata Metropolis“. Environment and Urbanization ASIA 11, Nr. 2 (23.08.2020): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425320938519.

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In the past few decades, due to urbanization and spatial expansion of cities beyond their municipal boundaries, complex interactions between the city and its surrounding rural areas have occurred, resulting in the formation of peri-urban spaces or zones of transition. There is a plurality of definitions for these peri-urban spaces, due to their diverse character in terms of land and water use, livelihood shifts, demographic and social transitions. Most peri-urban areas, specifically those around large metropolitan cities, are increasingly assuming complex characters, which call for governance structures beyond rural–urban binaries. For any administrative intervention of a serious nature in peri-urban areas, a standard methodology for demarcation of these spaces is required. This article is an attempt to develop and apply such a methodology beyond the existing ones, using government sources of data, in the case of Kolkata Metropolis. This article uses socio-economic and land-use characteristics to achieve this objective. It finds that peri-urban spaces do not necessarily develop uniformly around the city; instead, they are fragmented and could be located both near or relatively far from urban areas.

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Podder, Sanjoy, Salil Kumar Gupta und Goutam Kumar Saha. „Seasonal prevalence of allergenic mites in house dust of Kolkata Metropolis, India“. Aerobiologia 25, Nr. 1 (18.12.2008): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10453-008-9107-1.

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Mondal, Dinabandhu. „Basic Service Provisioning in Peri-urban India: A Regional Perspective from Kolkata Metropolis“. Indian Journal of Human Development 15, Nr. 1 (April 2021): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09737030211000930.

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In the globalising world, rapid urbanisation and expansion of cities trigger complex interactions with the surrounding rural areas and transform them into peri-urban areas. The peri-urban transitional spaces around cities experience rapid population growth and occupational diversification. However, they suffer from poor infrastructure and service provisions and the living condition has also been deteriorating over time with increasing population pressure. This article tries to explore accessibility to basic services in the transitional interfaces in comparison with the urban core and rural counterparts, taking Kolkata metropolis as a case. Using village level household information obtained from Census 2011, a composite amenity index by principal component analysis and one-way analysis of variance have been used to assess the status of services. The study finds that the condition of basic service provisions in peri-urban areas is unsatisfactory and far behind from the urban areas. It therefore resembles the hypothesis of “degenerated periphery” that the expansion of cities creates peripheries without basic civic amenities and infrastructural facilities necessary for its residents for maintaining the standard of living.

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Biswas, Subhadip, Bhupendra Singh und Arpita Saha. „ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL-OF-SERVICE ON URBAN ARTERIALS: A CASE STUDY IN KOLKATA METROPOLIS“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT ENGINEERING 6, Nr. 3 (September 2016): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7708/ijtte.2016.6(3).06.

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Das, Reshmi, Bahareh Khezri, Bijayen Srivastava, Subhajit Datta, Pradip K. Sikdar, Richard D. Webster und Xianfeng Wang. „Trace element composition of PM2.5 and PM10 from Kolkata – a heavily polluted Indian metropolis“. Atmospheric Pollution Research 6, Nr. 5 (September 2015): 742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5094/apr.2015.083.

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De, Mom Mitra, und Debjani Sengupta. „Impact of Perceived parenting on the Academic overload of the Adolescents of Kolkata Metropolis“. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 29 (2011): 1482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.388.

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Roy, Abhisek, Biswajit Sarkar, Anupam Debsarkar, Amit Dutta und Shibnath Chakrabarty. „Assessment and development of air quality forecasting models by the combination of PCA and ANN at metropolis Kolkata, India“. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, Nr. 1 (25.12.2021): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2601rjce110124.

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PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, Pb, As and Ni were monitored at Jadavpur, Kolkata over the time span of October 2016 to March 2017. The air quality of the study area was assessed in terms of air quality index (AQI) which is calculated on the assessed concentration of the pollutants. The result of the study showed significant seasonal variance and the ambient air of the study area is highly polluted in terms of particulate matters, NO2 and metallic pollutants. AQI study reveals that PM2.5 was found responsible for this degraded air quality of Kolkata. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify possible contributors i.e. i) construction work, windblown dust, road dust and earth crust (variance- 28.98%); ii) automobile exhaust (variance- 20.47%); iii) brake wear source, road dust and tire wear (variance- 18.07%) of air pollution in the study area. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and feedforward backpropagation artificial neural network (FFBPANN) were used in combination with PCA to predict the future PM2.5 concentrations. Several performance indexes were used to assess the degree of accuracy and the magnitude of error in the model predicted values. Overall performance index establishes the fact that PCA-FFBP-ANN model most accurately predicts the future PM2.5 concentrations.

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Biswas, Rakheebrita, und Supatra Sen. „Impact of COVID- 19 Pandemic on Undergraduate Life Science Teaching-Learning: A Gender- Based Qualitative Student Survey“. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research 06, Nr. 01 (2023): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2023.v06i01.004.

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A qualitative survey was carried out on undergraduate students of Life Sciences (viz. Botany, Zoology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Environmental Science) of different colleges of Kolkata metropolis to study the impact of COVID-19 on the teaching-learning of Life Science. The gender-based survey revealed that lady students are more sensitive to environmental challenges and crises than men. They adapted to online teaching-learning of Life Science, comprehended and understood the theoretical matter better than their male counterparts and did their best to connect with the surrounding natural environment. The results of this study might provide useful guidelines and information for framing future teaching-learning strategies in Life science.

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Das, Arnab. „Historicizing the Lived Masculinities in a Postpartitioned Metropolis“. Men and Masculinities 22, Nr. 4 (09.10.2017): 603–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x17730592.

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The autoethnographic narrative seeks to historicize the major political episodes of Calcutta/Kolkata metropolis as the meeting point of personal and public contexts of meaning since India’s independence. This juxtaposition has emerged to be even more significant due to the partition of Bengal, India. The middle-class majority framework of everyday life in the city shifted from the closed class hegemony of the bhadralok masculinity to the postpartitioned position of open and inclusive masculinity, which encountered unprecedented challenges in terms of caste, gender, and class. For theorizing such masculinities (e.g., feudal, radical, coercive, conjugated, and pragmatic) in these periods, the personal is found to be related to the public, the subaltern is found to be related to the hegemonic, and the political enters critically the continuum of the domestic and the public. Despite the growing autonomy of women since the colonial period (until it reached the scope of accepted practice in the postcolonial period), the deeply embedded patriarchy at the level of the family privileged masculinity as the only legitimate manifestation of hegemonic power in the public practices of any order of society. Bengalis could not come out of this masculine fold in spite of a militancy invoked for survival, encounters with radical movements, political turbulence, and the pragmatic governance of the populace for a long period.

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Majumdar, Deepanjan, Rupam Ray, Bratisha Biswas und Arti Bhatia. „Urban Sewage Canal sediment in Kolkata Metropolis (India) is a potent producer of greenhouse gases“. Urban Climate 51 (September 2023): 101688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101688.

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Majumdar, Deepanjan, und Hemanta Adhikary. „Identification of sources of ions in early monsoon precipitation over Kolkata Metropolis and two adjoining towns“. Urban Climate 41 (Januar 2022): 101087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101087.

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Podder, Sanjoy, Goutam Saha und Salil Gupta. „Sensitisation to house dust and house dust mites in nasobronchial allergic patients of Kolkata Metropolis, India“. World Allergy Organization Journal &NA; (November 2007): S264—S265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wox.0000301415.62413.bb.

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Bagchi, Emon. „Development of Basic Infrastructure: An Analysis of South 24 Parganas District in West Bengal, India“. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 36, Nr. 36 (01.06.2017): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2017-0013.

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Abstract Infrastructure provides the fundamental basis for socio-economic development of any country. It acts as the backbone of an economy. Regional disparities in infrastructural development naturally result in uneven development. Infrastructural development has greater significance in less developed areas due to their various inherent deficiencies and imbalances. With regard to this, status of the basic sectors of the infrastructure of South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India has been discussed in this article. This is a less developed area. Comparative analysis on infrastructural achievements at sub-district level has also been made. The study not only points towards the lack of uniform infrastructural development over the entire region, but also towards a tendency for concentration of such growth process in those areas of the district which lie in close proximity to the metropolis of Kolkata.

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Roy, Animesh. „Political Economy of Dispossession and Economic Change: A Case of Rajarhat in West Bengal, India“. International Journal of Community and Social Development 4, Nr. 1 (09.02.2022): 10–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25166026221076630.

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Land dispossession under the neoliberal capitalist development has become a focal point of debate across Indian states, particularly in West Bengal. Based on household surveys conducted in Rajarhat in West Bengal (India) in 2009 and 2016, this article illuminates how a large-scale dispossession of farmers from land for a neoliberal planned urban centre adjoining Kolkata Metropolis leads to a process of economic change and rural transformation, giving birth to diverse non-farm livelihood activities for the dispossessed households. While access to these new livelihood opportunities in the burgeoning urban economy turns out to be unequal, the dispossessed households broadly undergo upward economic mobility. It also argues that the benefits of speculative land value arising from neoliberalisation of spaces in the post-acquisition stage actuate the partially dispossessed households to sell off their remaining land and produce a basis for social differentiations and asset inequalities within the dispossessed households. To prevent these and similar outcomes, it calls for apt policies.

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Podder, Sanjoy, Salil Kumar Gupta und Goutam Kumar Saha. „Incrimination of Blomia tropicalis as a Potent Allergen in House Dust and its Role in Allergic Asthma in Kolkata Metropolis, India“. World Allergy Organization Journal 3, Nr. 5 (2010): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wox.0b013e3181df4d4f.

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Paul, Arpan, und Joy Sen. „Livability assessment within a metropolis based on the impact of integrated urban geographic factors (IUGFs) on clustering urban centers of Kolkata“. Cities 74 (April 2018): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.11.015.

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Podder, Debayan, Aparajita Dasgupta, Madhumita Dobe, Bobby Paul, Lina Bandyopadhyay und Arkaprovo Pal. „Health Care Seeking Behavior in a Scheduled Tribe Community in India: A Mixed Methods Research Using the Framework of Andersen’s Behavioral Model“. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 33, Nr. 4 (15.02.2021): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539521993695.

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India’s scheduled tribe population very often bears the brunt of inequity in accessing health care. The mixed-method research assessed the health care seeking behavior (HSB) of a tribal community residing in the eastern fringes of Kolkata metropolis. An adult, preferably the head, in 209 households was interviewed followed by qualitative interviews with relevant stakeholders. Conceptual framework of Andersen’s behavioral model helped in identifying the potential predisposing, enabling, and need factors that influenced HSB. A total of 25.4% respondents reportedly sought informal care during last illness episode. Multivariable hierarchical-regression model (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.381) showed that respondents’ education level [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.52], household size (AOR = 3.14), nonenrollment to health insurance (AOR = 2.47), decision making by household head (AOR = 2.40), distance from the nearest urban primary health center (AOR = 3.18), and poor perception to illness severity (AOR = 2.24) were significantly associated to inappropriate HSB. Predominant health system barriers that emerged from qualitative interviews were irregular logistics, unfavorable outpatient timing, absence of female doctors, and nonretention of doctors at local urban primary health center. Community level barriers were poor awareness, self-medication practices, poor health insurance coverage, and poor public transportation. Recognition of these determinants may help in developing health promotion interventions tailored to their needs.

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Manikanda Bharath, Karuppasamy, Natesan Usha, Periyasamy Balamadeswaran und S. Srinivasalu. „Short-term environmental impact of ambient air quality trends in during the COVID-19 pandemic in India“. Annals of Civil and Environmental Engineering 5, Nr. 1 (17.12.2021): 017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.acee.1001031.

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The lockdown, implemented in response to the COVID-19 epidemic, restricted the operation of various sectors in the country and its highlights a good environmental outcome. Thus, a comparison of air pollutants in India before and after the imposed lockdown indicated an overall improvement air quality across major Indian cities. This was established by utilizing the Central Pollution Control Board’s database of air quality monitoring station statistics, such as air quality patterns. During the COVID-19 epidemic, India’s pre-to-post nationwide lockdown was examined. The air quality data was collected from 30-12-2019 to 28-04-2020 and synthesized using 231 Automatic air quality monitoring stations in a major Indian metropolis. Specifically, air pollutant concentrations, temperature, and relative humidity variation during COVID-19 pandemic pre-to-post lockdown variation in India were monitored. As an outcome, several cities around the country have reported improved air quality. Generally, the air quality, on a categorical scale was found to be ‘Good’. However, a few cities from the North-eastern part of India were categorized as ‘Moderate/Satisfactory’. Overall, the particulate matters reduction was in around 60% and other gaseous pollutants was in 40% reduction was observed during the lockdown period. The results of this study include an analysis of air quality data derived from continuous air quality monitoring stations from the pre-lockdown to post-lockdown period. Air quality in India improved following the national lockdown, the interpretation of trends for PM 2.5, PM 10, SO2, NO2, and the Air Quality Index has been provided in studies for major cities across India, including Delhi, Gurugram, Noida, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Patna, and others.

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Prakash, Diwakar, Chandra Bhushan Tiwary und Ram Kumar. „Ecosystem Variability along the Estuarine Salinity Gradient: A Case Study of Hooghly River Estuary, West Bengal, India“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, Nr. 1 (03.01.2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010088.

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Hooghly River, a ~460 km long distributary of the Ganga River, passes through a highly industrialized Metropolis-Kolkata in West Bengal, India, and eventually empties into the Bay of Bengal at Gangasagar. To determine the patterns and drivers of planktonic community, spatiotemporal variations in water quality and micronutrient content and planktic prokaryotic and microeukaryotic abundance and diversity across the salinity gradient (0.1 to 24.6 PSU) in the Hooghly River estuary (HRE) were studied. Plankton and water samples were collected at six sites during October 2017, February 2018, and June 2018. The biotic parameters—phytoplankton (Chlorophyll a), total bacterial abundance (cfu), and copepods—were significantly higher in the downstream estuarine sites than in the upstream riparian sites; conversely, rotifer and cladoceran abundances were significantly higher at upstream stations. The most culturable bacterial strains were isolated from the two freshwater sites and one at the confluence (estuarine) and are characterized as Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas songnenesis, and Exiguobacterium aurantiacum. Among zooplankton, rotifers (0.09 ± 0.14 ind L−1) and cladocerans (5.4 ± 8.87 ind L−1) were recorded in higher abundance and negatively correlated with bacterial concentrations at upstream stations. On the temporal scale, February samples recorded lower proportions of bacterivorous zooplankton at the three upstream stations. Cluster analysis separated samples on the basis of seasons and water mass movement. The February samples showed distinct spatial characteristics, as three freshwater (FW) stations grouped together and segregated at second 2nd hierarchical level, whereas the three estuarine stations formed a separate cluster at the 50% similarity level. Samples collected in October 2017 and June 2018 exhibited mixed attributes. June samples recorded higher influence of freshwater discharge. The zooplankton abundance showed significant negative correlation with Chl a. Our results demonstrate the relative role of river continuum, land-driven lateral discharge, and seawater intrusion in shaping community structure, which needs to be considered in management and conservation planning of aquatic ecosystems, especially in highly productive and overexploited HRE.

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Sen, Nandini C. „Gender, Migration and Human Trafficking: The Untold Story of the Gurgaon Maids’ Migration from the Sunderbans“. Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 15, Nr. 2 (Juli 2015): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x1501500205.

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Gurgaon -is the face of modern india which is defined by sky high apartments, malls and state of the art office complexes. To keep the city running smoothly and maintaining its residents’ high end lifestyle is a huge back up of domestic servants who serve as maids, cooks, drivers, ayahs and so on are required. These servants who comprise the vast unorganized sector in Gurgaon are typically migrant workers from comparatively poorer states of Bengal, Bihar and Chattisgarh. This paper seeks to examine the life stories of three Hindu women of different age groups who work as maids in an upscale apartment complex in Gurgaon. Kamala (42), Rani (23) and Gitu (16) hail from the Sunderbans in West Bengal - a land away from the mainland Kolkata and known for its jungles and tiger population. Kamala, a grandmother at 42 has to work for a living to feed her family of six. She works on a part time basis in 6 houses earning a salary of Rs. 10,000. After taking care of the basic needs of her dependents, she has barely any money to take care of medical emergencies. Rani is slightly better off as her husbana works as a gardener. They have left their daughter in the village to be cared for by her in- laws. Most of what she earns is remitted back to her village. Gitu has been brought to the city by a lady who runs a maid agency. She has been sold off by her parents. She works as a full timer in houses and has barely any access to her salary. Her salary is collected by the lady who also decides her working terms and conditions. She lives like a bonded labour and nurtures a hope that one day she might be able to escape. These women live in perpetual fear of being sexually abused by their employers or the agency people. It is a grim battle for survival made doubly difficult by their gender. This paper seeks to look into the working conditions of women in the unorganized sector, the causes for migration and the human trafficking that carries on unabated in the urban metropolis of Gurgaon. The three women have been selected based on convenience sampling as they work in the apartment complex in which I reside.

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Dutta, Joystu, Kakoli Banerjee, Sangita Agarwal und Abhijit Mitra. „Soil Organic Carbon (soc): A Proxy to Assess the Degree of Anthropogenic and Natural Stress“. Journal of Interrupted Studies 2, Nr. 1 (14.06.2019): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25430149-00201002.

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The carbon budget of planet earth is regulated by the soil compartment in all types of ecosystems. We conducted a first order analysis of soc in November 2017 both in the mangrove dominated Indian Sundarbans and the highly urbanized city of Kolkata with the aim of identifying the natural and anthropogenic contributions of organic carbon in soil. We also attempted to analyze the spatial variation of soc between these two significantly different ecosystems. We observed a comparatively higher mean value of soc in Kolkata (2.06%) than in the Sundarbans (1.25%). The significant spatial variation in soc between Kolkata and the Sundarbans (p < 0.05) may be attributed to anthropogenic stress, which is of greater magnitude in the city of Kolkata. The significant spatial variation in soc between north and south Kolkata (p < 0.05) is due to the efficiency of the drainage system in the north and the magnitude of city limit expansion in the south. In the Sundarban deltaic complex, a natural phenomenon like erosion seems to be a determining factor in the domain of soil carbon dynamics. soc analyses of all major metropolises around the world, of which Kolkata is one, are essential to understand the carbon sequestration potential of urban soils.

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Ghosh, Dipanwita, und Tarit K. Datta. „Functional improvement and social participation through sports activity for children with mental retardation: a field study from a developing nation“. Prosthetics and Orthotics International 36, Nr. 3 (22.08.2012): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364612451206.

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Background: While the positive effect of sports and exercise on physical and psychological well being is well documented within the general population, the effects of sports on the functional ability of a child with mental retardation are limited. Objectives: To determine if sports activities have been detrimental in improving functional ability in sample of children with mental retardation based in Kolkata, a metropolis in India. Study Design: Field level study. Methods: Six sports associations registered under the Sports Authority of India for training children with mental retardation were shortlisted on the basis of four criteria. From the register, every third name (gender irrespective) belonging to the second (12–15 years) and third (15–21 years) subclasses (out of the four categories laid down in the Special Olympics participation rules) against a constraint of at least two years active attendance in the sports facility for the child was selected. A sample of 31 children was drawn and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) 12-item version was administered to the caregiver-teacher-coach team of the sample. Relative changes in scores between the point when the survey was conducted and the point when the child joined the sports facility was used as the dependent variable for regression analysis. The number of years in active sports, in school age of the respondent and base score of the children when they joined school were the independent variables. Results: For seven of the WHODAS 2.0 12-item attributes, the number of years in sports activities was found to have a statistically significant effect ( p < 0.01) on the functional well being of children with mild to moderate mental retardation. The number of years in school was also another statistically significant factor ( p < 0.01) responsible for this improvement. The children, however, perceived of being not welcome in community activities, but participated in activities meant exclusively for them. Conclusions: This small study showed that the proposition that number of years in sports activities was a significant factor responsible for improving the functioning of children with mild to moderate mental retardation. Clinical relevance WHODAS 2.0 12-item version has been a useful tool to monitor the effect of intervention (sports activity in this case) on the functional abilities of children with mild to moderate mental retardation. From a developing nation perspective with people with disabilities having very limited access to rehabilitation, this study would find its clinical relevance in the use of sports as an inexpensive and indigenous rehabilitative measure to promote the health and well being of people with disabilities as proposed in community-based rehabilitation guidelines (2010).

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Das, Pintu. „Socio-Economic Position of women slum dwellers: An Investigation of a Few Selected Slums in the Bansberia Municipality area, West Bengal, India“. RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, Nr. 4 (15.04.2022): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i04.006.

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Urbanization is regarded as one of the key dimensions of the process of socio-economic development and India has seen steady urbanisation and an increase in the number of people living in slums. According to a number of studies, many types of violence are prevalent in urban slum areas. Urban primacy has been a feature of West Bengal's urbanisation and ongoing population growth in highly urbanised regions around Kolkata since 1901. As a result, there was a slowdown of the process of urbanisation beginning in 1951, and a very a unique style was observed between 2001 and 2011. Large cities increased disproportionately throughout the post-independence period, while small and medium towns stagnated or decreased. Large cities have the highest concentration of industries, this has resulted in issues on both ends of the urban system-the megacities are overcrowded on a regular basis, posing a hazard. Because West Bengal's urban population density is 50% the national average is higher. The number of people living in slums in the state is likewise much higher than the national average, accounting for 35-40% of the urban population. West Bengal's urban towns are no strangers to slums. It has been in operation for a long time in order to provide housing to the poor and underprivileged as well as the community's backward portions. Women who live in slums are not economically or socially stable. The health of slum dwellers is inextricably linked to their living conditions. They are unable to consume items that contain calories. They are deprived of appropriate nutrition four times. Several factors, such as early marriage, early pregnancy, having a large number of children, having a short time between pregnancies, and so on, all have an impact on their health. According to data collected from Bansberia Municipality slums, 32.71 percent of women have more than three children, and 47.45 percent of mothers gave birth to their first child before they were 20 years old. They also do not receive sufficient prenatal and postnatal care. The delivery location was filthy and also unsanitary. They have a low level of education and are unaware of the health issues. In terms of economics, Bansberia Municipality is a place of excruciating poverty. The city receives between 2000 and 2500 migrants each year, the vast majority of them are destitute and provide essential job opportunities for the city's industry and services. The Hooghly District of West Bengal is an alluvial land where intensive subsistence farming is the dominant economic activity. The study's goal is to learn how women's socioeconomic conditions influence natural population growth in West Bengal's Hooghly District. The poor generally reside in slums strewn around the metropolis, with almost 61.45% of the slums are on privately owned land, offering serious institutional issues in terms of providing basic services. The content of the article investigates socioeconomic situation of women slum dwellers in the Bansberia Municipality area. The findings of the research are the social and economic conditions of women in the Bansberia Municipal area's slum areas.

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Sekhani, Richa, Deepanshu Mohan und Sneha Roy. „Inclusive Urban Eco-systems“. Asian Journal of Social Science 47, Nr. 4-5 (19.11.2019): 581–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04704008.

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Abstract Informality, associated with street vendors, is now seen as a generalised mode of metropolitan urbanisation. Street vendors form an important part of several economies around the world and are seen as a vital source of livelihood and employment opportunity for the low-skilled, lower-income class of the population. A closer understanding of profiles of street vendors and the nature of complexities present in the business of street vending—studied through the supply chain processes of product procurement and distribution—helps one in observing an entwined relationship between what are perceived as “informal” or “formal” in the urban ecosystem. This study on street vendors working across Kolkata emphasises the need to adopt an inclusive view to urban “informal” arrangements, providing a comprehensive picture in identified local market spaces. Our research focuses on two critical aspects: (a) capturing samples of oral account(s) from merchants/vendors operating in local markets across Kolkata, and (b) gauging the supply-chain (inventory) process of products procured and sold by street vendors in these markets. The observations made from the field help highlight the complexities present in studying urban supply-chain processes—especially street vending businesses—that form the core of most urban metropolises in cities (such as Kolkata) and are representative of the Global South.

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Sen, Somdipta, Aritra Biswas und Aniruddha Banerji. „Analysis of Avian Diversity at Chintamoni Kar Bird Sanctuary: An Urban Forest Perspective“. UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, Nr. 12 (20.06.2023): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i123528.

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Chintamoni Kar Bird Sanctuary (CKBS) is an urban forest located on the southern fringes of Kolkata. The objective of our study was to document and analyze the diversity of the avian population in CKBS. The line transect method was used and avian diversity, species richness and evenness were analyzed using Shannon Diversity Index, Shannon Equitability Index, relative diversity and relative abundance. Our study recorded 37 bird species belonging to 9 orders and 23 families with most species being recorded from Order Passeriformes followed by Piciformes and Ciconiiformes. The species were well distributed across a number of avian families. Birds rare in metropolises like the Oriental white eye (Zosterops palpebrosus) were also recorded here. Analysis of relative abundances showed that many species comparatively rare in cities like the common tailor bird (Orthotomus sutorius) and white throated fantail (Rhipidura albicollis) showed an abundance similar to more commonly seen species. Values of 2.844 and 0.788 were obtained for Shannon Diversity Index and Shannon Equitability Index indicating high species diversity and evenness. However, high species diversity is not due to assemblage of migratory birds in winter. Species diversity and evenness are highest during the summer months (Shannon Diversity Index = 2.862; Shannon Equitability Index = 0.812) which could be due to dense forest cover, a large number of fruit bearing trees and many water bodies in the sanctuary which provide a favourable habitat for birds in hot weather. Our study indicates that a number of birds appear to be thriving as a stable avian community at CKBS and this urban forest acts as a haven for bird species otherwise rare in Kolkata, further emphasizing the need for taking necessary conservation measures for protection for this urban forest under the strained environmental conditions prevalent in urban metropolises.

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Chakravorty, Sanjoy, Jun Koo und Somik V. Lall. „Do Localization Economies Matter in Cluster Formation? Questioning the Conventional Wisdom with Data from Indian Metropolises“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, Nr. 2 (Februar 2005): 331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a373.

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The large and growing literature on industrial clustering suggests that firms seek locations that provide localization economies (benefits from having common buyers and suppliers, a specialized or skilled labor pool, and informal knowledge transfers). This study of manufacturing industry clusters in three Indian metropolises suggests instead that industry location decisions are guided by market imperfections, specifically rigidities in the land market caused by state action (segregationist or environmental policies, the absence of exit policies, and activist industrial promotion policies). For the investigation the authors use geographically disaggregated industry location and size data from Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai, to analyze eight industrial sectors (food and beverages, textiles, leather, printing and publishing, chemicals, metals, machinery, and electrical and electronics). The authors test for evidence of global and local clustering and distinguish between and test for coclustering and colocation of industries. The results are indicative rather than absolute and suggest that for location decisions general urbanization economies are more important than are localization economies.

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CHATTOPADHYAY, SWATI. „Introduction: the historical legacy of suburbs in South Asia“. Urban History 39, Nr. 1 (10.01.2012): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926811000770.

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The edges of Indian cities have become nebulous, their morphology uncertain. They appear to extend for miles in Mumbai and Kolkata as an ‘assorted chaos’ of middle-class residences, slums and bazaars, blurring into smaller provincial towns. The latter seem to distinguish themselves through the sameness of their ‘taste for strident politics, violent films, ostentatious architecture, lewd music, rumour-mongering newspapers and overcooked food’. The stretch between Delhi and Gurgaon is a series of real estate fictions of spurious capital and inadequate infrastructure. Spurred by the liberalization of the economy in the early 1990s and supported by state policies that have lifted many of the restrictions on rent and land use, the structural transformation of Indian metropolises manifests itself on the edges of the city as a struggle between vast slums and corporate developers’ vision of up-scale real estate, between landscapes of rice and wheat fields and expanding airports and golfing greens.

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Dutta, Nilika. „STREET CHILDREN IN INDIA: A STUDY ON THEIR ACCESS TO HEALTH AND EDUCATION“. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 9, Nr. 1 (19.03.2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs91201818120.

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Street life is a challenge for survival, even for adults, and is yet more difficult for children. They live within the city but are unable to take advantage of the comforts of urban life. This study focused primarily on access to health and education in street children from 6 to 18 years old in the Indian metropolises of Mumbai and Kolkata. The study also aimed to assess the role of social work interventions in ensuring the rights of street children. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies was used. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 100 children. Data were collected on a one-to-one basis through semi-structured interview schedules and by non-participant observation. Findings revealed that extreme poverty was the primary cause for the increasing numbers of street children. Lack of awareness among illiterate parents regarding educational opportunities kept most children away from school attendance. Factors such as lack of an educational ambience at home made it difficult for the children to work on their lessons outside the premises of the institution. It was evident that those living with their parents had better access to health care facilities than did those living on their own; however, nongovernmental organizations made significant efforts to redress this imbalance, setting up health check-up camps at regular intervals. Although exposure to harsh reality at an early age had resulted in a premature loss of innocence in most, making them sometimes difficult to work with, the nongovernmental organizations were striving to ensure child participation and the growth of individual identity. The interventionists therefore focused on developing a rights-based approach, rather than a charitable one.

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Mukhopadhyay, Asish K., Alok K. Deb, Goutam Chowdhury, Falguni Debnath, Prosenjit Samanta, Rudra Narayan Saha, Byomkesh Manna et al. „Post-monsoon waterlogging-associated upsurge of cholera cases in and around Kolkata metropolis, 2015“. Epidemiology and Infection 147 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268819000529.

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AbstractThe Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital, Kolkata, India witnessed a sudden increase in admissions of diarrhoea cases during the first 2 weeks of August 2015 following heavy rainfall. This prompted us to investigate the event. Cases were recruited through hospital-based surveillance along with the collection of socio-demographic characteristics and clinical profile using a structured questionnaire. Stool specimens were tested at bacteriological laboratory of the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata. Admission of 3003 diarrhoea cases, clearly indicated occurrence of outbreak in Kolkata municipal area as it was more than two standard deviation of the mean number (911; s.d. = 111) of diarrhoea admissions during the same period in previous 7 years. Out of 164 recruited cases, 25% were under-5 children. Organisms were isolated from 80 (49%) stool specimens. Vibrio cholerae O1 was isolated from 50 patients. Twenty-eight patients had this organism as the sole pathogen. Among 14 infants, five had cholera. All V. cholerae O1 isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, followed by co-trimoxazole (96%), streptomycin (92%), but sensitive to fluroquinolones. We confirmed the occurrence of a cholera outbreak in Kolkata during August 2015 due to V. cholerae O1 infection, where infants were affected.

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Banerjee, Anulekha, und Rajib Dasgupta. „Cooking a socially responsible image for the urban consumers: does it work with the cooking oil brands?“ Social Responsibility Journal ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (02.01.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-01-2018-0012.

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Purpose The consumer-based study was conducted among the population of Kolkata metropolis to assess the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices on the purchase intention of selected cooking oil brands. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from a questionnaire based survey on 322 respondents residing in Kolkata metropolis. Reliability of the scales was ascertained by Cronbach’s alpha values. Kendall's W test was used for rank analysis. Pearson’s correlation was examined to correlate the cognitive criteria. Factor analysis was used to sort out influential cognitive criteria which were compared between genders by the Kruskal–Wallis H test. The involvement of CSR components in enhancing the brand equity was analysed by multiple linear regression. Findings The brands vouching for the cause of health and nutritional value of the society attained significant loyalty and generate considerable brand association. The regression model predicts a socially accepted cooking oil brand to be one which addresses health, transparency and ethics in unison. Research limitations/implications The study was restricted within the resident population of Kolkata metropolis which ratifies the CSR perception of a confined mass. Practical implications The study delineates the plausible avenue of CSR investments to touch the cognitive centre of the consumers’ mind. Social implications The consumers expect to embrace a healthy yet reasonably priced cooking oil brand which imparts a notion to address multiple social causes. Originality/value The study identifies the strategic CSR attributes which might influence the mind of the consumers while they select cooking oil brands for household use.

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Mondal, Dinabandhu, und Anuradha Banerjee. „Exploring peri-urban dynamism in India: Evidence from Kolkata Metropolis“. Journal of Urban Management, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2021.06.004.

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Mitra, Rajarshi. „Eating Well in Uncle’s House: Bengali Culinary practices in a bucolic Calcutta/Kolkata in Amit Chaudhuri’s A Strange and Sublime Address“. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 11, Nr. 2 (30.09.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v11n2.12.

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Kolkata has had a long and troubled relationship with food and hunger, which has shaped Bengali food-practices in the city. From famine in the 1940’s to food-movement of the 1960’s, as food production dwindled, Kolkata saw a gradual decline of its economic fortune. In the 1970’s and 80’s, it was common to portray Kolkata as a failed postcolonial metropolis filled with starving millions. With this troubled history in the backdrop, this paper focuses on culinary experiences in Kolkata as reflected in Amit Chaudhuri’s novella A Strange and Sublime Address. The novella, in its bid to highlight the trivial and the mundane in Bengali life in Kolkata in the early 1990’s, portrays culinary experiences as epiphanic expressions of an introverted, inner existence. Chaudhuri describes food-practices in an attempt to preserve an esoteric food-system – a system that connects inner life with cooking, serving and eating of food. Bengali food-practices, I argue, appear in this novella as “edible chronotopes” (Krishenblatt-Gimblett) revealing a culture’s fascination with time and food. Through Bengali food practices the novella’s protagonist Sandeep mourns a deep loss he feels about his lack of connection to Kolkata and learns to cultivate a sense of reticence, which allows him to absorb the joy of merging with the life in the city in its banal and quotidian form. I further connect Chaudhuri’s search for the inner self in culinary practices with his journey to what he terms “bucolic” Kolkata – a journey Ashish Nandy had termed “an ambiguous journey to the city”.

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Mollah, Kaiyum Baskh, und Sudipta Mandal. „Butterfly Diversity in Relation to Human-Impact Gradient in Outskirts of Kolkata, West Bengal, India“. Research in Ecology 4, Nr. 4 (30.12.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/re.v4i4.5242.

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Anthropogenic activities may affect species diversity and community structure. Butterfly species diversity in relation to human-impact gradient was evaluated in the Baruipur subdivision, outskirts of Kolkata metropolis, West Bengal, India as a model geographic area. Four study sites situated in bird sanctuaries, rural, suburban and urban areas with different levels of anthropogenic disturbances were selected to assess the human impact on butterfly diversity. A total of 80 butterfly species were recorded during the entire study period with the sanctuary (with minimal anthropogenic disturbance) showing the highest species richness (73) followed by rural (62), suburban (54) and urban (36) study sites indicating a strong negative impact of anthropogenic disturbance on butterfly species diversity. Butterfly species diversity varied significantly among different habitats (p ˂ 0.001). The relative abundance of butterflies also varied seasonally. It is apparent that the area under the present study is able to sustain diverse butterfly species provided natural habitats are protected from anthropogenic disturbances and steps are taken to increase urban greenery to support butterfly diversity and consequent ecosystem services.

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Das, Arnab. „The ‘Untouchable’ Castes and the Muslims in the Craft of ‘Authentic’ Classical Indian Musical Instruments in Kolkata Metropolis: An Inter-textual Case Study“. Anthropology and Ethnology Open Access Journal 1, Nr. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/aeoaj-16000110.

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Islam, Mohammad. „Exploring Love, Sex, and Loneliness in Sangeeta Bandyopadhyay's "Panty"“. Journal of Global Postcolonial Studies 8, Nr. 2 (14.07.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/jgps.2020.1015.

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Sangeeta Bandyopadhyay (b. 1974), a modern feminist writer, promotes and celebrates women’s freedom that the women seek to enjoy both physically and psychologically. Bold and candid, Bandyopadhyay exposes “hardcore sexuality” into her work, going against the flow in society. Panty, one of her best-known works, is a novella about a nameless woman who goes through surreal experiences. The novella is set in contemporary Kolkata, a boisterous metropolis, where women work at part with men, but still the women feel a sense of inferiority. The woman in the novella enters a dark apartment, owned by a mysterious man with whom she has a complicated relationship, at night and finds a soft and silky panty in leopard-skin print. Circumstances force her to wear the panty, and just then she begins to imagine its original owner along with her wild sexual life. The rest of the story evolves around the woman’s imagination, her love, sex, loneliness, uncertainty, fear, anxiety, and so forth. This article analyzes how a woman struggles to achieve a secure space in society as well as an established identity. The article also explores how a woman navigates between love and sex, freedom and dependence, and continues to search for a life that she has not yet lived.

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Mazumdar, Subhendu, Dipankar Ghose und Goutam Kumar Saha. „Offal dumping sites influence the relative abundance and roosting site selection of Black Kites (Milvus migrans govinda) in urban landscape: a study from Kolkata metropolis, India“. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190, Nr. 1 (14.12.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6391-7.

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Bhattacharya, Shamayeta, Debarchana Ghosh und Bandana Purkayastha. „‘Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act’ of India: An Analysis of Substantive Access to Rights of a Transgender Community“. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 11.04.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huac004.

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Abstract The amendments to the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act of India in 2019 address non-binary persons’ constitutional rights, recognition of their gender identity, and non-discrimination laws across institutional spaces (for example, family, workplace, education, and healthcare). The Act discusses legal rights in isolation of praxis, structural support and, more importantly, lacks guidelines needed to substantively access rights. Such a disconnection relegates human rights to merely legal changes with limited practice. In this article, we discuss the achievements and failures of the act from the perspective of a transgender community in India, and the impact it has had on their lives from its formulation in 2014. Although non-binary communities are recognized, they face severe abuse and discrimination. We analyse accounts of 15 transgender persons’ lived experiences and challenges they faced in claiming their rights in Kolkata, a metropolis in eastern India. We used the framework of substantive access to rights, that is, the actual ability to practice and access documented rights, to critically discuss our findings across family, work, education, and healthcare spaces, often showing the gaps between achieved legal status, and the practical realities on the ground. We provide several recommendations to bridge these gaps—improving educational equity for non-binary people, including transgender specific training for healthcare providers and, more importantly, increasing the adequate representation of non-binary people in the positions of negotiation. The road to claiming social and economic rights following legal rights for non-binary gender communities cannot be achieved without overcoming their erasure within families and hypervisibility in public spaces.

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Bose, Arpita, Niladri S. Dash, Samrah Ahmed, Manaswita Dutta, Aparna Dutt, Ranita Nandi, Yesi Cheng und Tina M. D. Mello. „Connected Speech Characteristics of Bengali Speakers With Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence for Language-Specific Diagnostic Markers“. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 13 (07.09.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.707628.

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Background and aim: Speech and language characteristics of connected speech provide a valuable tool for identifying, diagnosing and monitoring progression in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Our knowledge of linguistic features of connected speech in AD is primarily derived from English speakers; very little is known regarding patterns of linguistic deficits in speakers of other languages, such as Bengali. Bengali is a highly inflected pro-drop language from the Indo-Aryan language family. It is the seventh most spoken language in the world, yet to date, no studies have investigated the profile of linguistic impairments in Bengali speakers with AD. The aim of this study was to characterize connected speech production and identify the linguistic features affected in Bengali speakers with AD.Methods: Participants were six Bengali speaking AD patients and eight matched controls from the urban metropolis, Kolkata, India. Narrative samples were elicited in Bengali using the Frog Story. Samples were analyzed using the Quantitative Production Analysis and the Correct Information Unit analyses to quantify six different aspects of speech production: speech rate, structural and syntactic measures, lexical measures, morphological and inflectional measures, semantic measures and measure of spontaneity and fluency disruptions.Results and conclusions: In line with the extant literature from English speakers, the Bengali AD participants demonstrated decreased speech rate, simplicity of sentence forms and structures, and reduced semantic content. Critically, differences with English speakers' literature emerged in the domains of Bengali specific linguistic features, such as the pro-drop nature of Bengali and its inflectional properties of nominal and verbal systems. Bengali AD participants produced fewer pronouns, which is in direct contrast with the overuse of pronouns by English AD participants. No obvious difficulty in producing nominal and verbal inflections was evident. However, differences in the type of noun inflections were evident; these were characterized by simpler inflectional features used by AD speakers. This study represents the first of its kind to characterize connected speech production in Bengali AD participants and is a significant step forward toward the development of language-specific clinical markers in AD. It also provides a framework for cross-linguistic comparisons across structurally distinct and under-explored languages.

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