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1
Misita, Filip. „PAUL KLE – ZAVEŠTANjE ZA INTERDISCIPLINARNU BUDUĆNOST“. Lipar, Nr. 71 (April 2020): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/lipar71.155m.
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The subject of this article is the analysis of Paul Klee’s artistic research methods, putting a particular focus on the interdisciplinary aspects of his entire artistic-theoretical-didactic work. The text brings the scope and diversity of Klee’s oeuvre closer and presents the methods based on different procedures of transposing painting and extracurricular concepts used to achieve fluidity in design. Starting from the avant-garde as a context, we set out the principle of rethinking the tradition present in all the efforts of the historical avant-garde, which has a unique function to produce a system in Klee’s work. The emphasis is on the paradox of the dividualindividual, the line through which the viewer as a subject is transposed into the virtual space of a painting. In the conclusion of the article, we identify Klee’s expressionism as atypical because of the language used as a constituent element of his work and point out the signifying strategies Klee uses to anticipate different phenomena in the art and culture of the 20th and 21st century
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Okada, Isao, und Kazunori Ichioka. „Internal Cation Mobilities in Molten (Li, Ag)NO3 and (K,Ag)NO3 Remeasured by the Klemm Method“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 47, Nr. 6 (01.06.1992): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1992-0611.
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AbstractInternal mobility ratios bLi/bAg and bK/bAg in molten (Li,Ag)NO3 and (K,Ag)NO3 have been measured by Klemm’s countercurrent electromigration method. From these and available data on the densities and conductivities the internal mobilities have been calculated. The present experiments yielded more accurate data than previous ones using other methods. Over the investigated range of concentration and temperature, bAg is greater than bu or bK. The results are discussed together with earlier ones obtained for (Na, Ag)NO3 .
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Watson, Stephen. „Gadamer, Aesthetic Modernism, and the Rehabilitation of Allegory: The Relevance of Paul Klee“. Research in Phenomenology 34, Nr. 1 (2004): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569164042404617.
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Paul Klee's art found broad impact upon philosophers of varying commitments, including Hans-Georg Gadamer. Moreover, Klee himself was not only one of the most important artists of aesthetic modernism but one of its leading theoreticians, and much in his work, as in Gadamer's, originated in post-Kantian literary theory's explications of symbol and allegory. Indeed at one point in Truth and Method , Gadamer associates his project for a general "theory of hermeneutic experience" not only with Goethe's metaphysical account of the symbolic but equally with a "rehabilitation" of allegory. In this paper, I examine this position and Gadamer's own use of it in his analysis of Klee's work, contrasting it with that of Walter Benjamin's account of allegory, equally indebted to Goethe and this archive. Finally, I contrast the resulting interpretations of Klee, discussing the implications that evolve for understanding both Gadamer and Benjamin— but equally for understanding Klee's work and, provisionally, the work of art, thus construed, for philosophy.
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Gillot, F., D. Righi und M. L. Räisänen. „Layer-charge evaluation of expandable clays from a chronosequence of podzols in Finland using an alkylammonium method“. Clay Minerals 36, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2001): 571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855013640010.
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AbstractSmectites from the E horizon of podzols dated at 1200–10,000 y in central and northern Finland were studied. Clay minerals in the fine (<0.1 μm) and coarse (0.1–2 μm) fractions were examined by X-ray diffraction. The distribution (octahedral or tetrahedral) and magnitude of the layer charge of expandable minerals were estimated using intercalation of alkylammonium ions (nC = 12) associated with the Hofmann & Klemen effect. In addition, charge alteration following desaturation (H+exchange) and autotransformation was investigated. Smectites from the E horizons of podzols are not homogeneous but constitute a mixture of several populations with various layer charges. Smectites with lower layer charge are present in podzols having a longer effective time of pedogenesis, suggesting alteration of the high-charge smectites with time. Experimental alteration of the smectites by autotransformation shows that a decrease of the layer charge is easily produced by desaturation of the smectite clays.
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Gamtessa, Samuel. „Technical Efficiency and Technical Change in Canadian Manufacturing Industries“. Economics Research International 2014 (31.12.2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/376486.
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This study applies the “true fixed effects” panel stochastic frontier methodology to the Canadian KLEMS data set to estimate technical change and technical efficiency in the Canadian manufacturing sector. To account for the endogeneity of capital inputs as well as the possible problems related to omitted variables, a two-stage residual inclusion method is pursued. The first stage is estimated using the dynamic panel GMM method. The results show that Canadian manufacturing industries experienced significant declines in technical efficiencies during the last ten years. This suggests that the observed slowdown in TFP growth during the recent past is partly due to declining technical efficiency.
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Ewen, John, und Greg O'Donnell. „Prediction intervals for rainfall–runoff models: raw error method and split-sample validation“. Hydrology Research 43, Nr. 5 (03.05.2012): 637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2012.038.
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A method (the ghost method) is developed here that calculates prediction intervals for the discharge hydrograph for a river catchment. It uses a calibrated rainfall–runoff model and a dataset containing raw errors such as residuals between observation and simulation. When calculating prediction intervals, raw errors are selected from the dataset and applied to the simulated hydrograph. The selection method is based on matching the simulated hydrological conditions to the hydrological conditions associated with the raw errors. To test the method, the split-sample calibration-validation approach advocated by Klemeš and used widely in hydrology is extended so that the data available for calibrating and testing are divided into three parts rather than two, called periods A, B and C. The rainfall–runoff model is calibrated for period A. For period B, the method by which prediction intervals are calculated is calibrated to give a specified high level of containment (e.g. 99% of observations lie within the prediction interval). Period C is used for testing, carried out in a way that shows the performance expected under operational conditions for real-world problems. Prediction intervals are calculated for the Hodder catchment, northwest England.
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Alif, Trisnani, Sedyo Hartono und Sri Sulandari. „Karakterisasi Virus Penyebab Penyakit Belang pada Tanaman Lada (Piper nigrum L.)“. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 22, Nr. 1 (27.07.2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.30354.
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Mottle disease is an important disease in pepper plants caused by Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV). This study aims to determine the characterization of PYMoV biologically and molecularly. The pepper plant samples were obtained from pepper farmland in Kleben, Putat (Yogyakarta), and Air Buluh (Bangka). Virus particles are measured by electron microscopy. Virus transmission studies include mechanical transmission, vector, cuttings, grafting, and seeds. The molecular detection was done by using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with PYMoV-F and PYMoV-R specific primers. The result, virus particles were found to be ± 30×130 nm in shape. Virus transmission studies indicate that PYMoV can be transmitted by Ferrisia virgata vectors, cuttings, grafts and seeds but cannot be transmitted through mechanical inoculation. Molecular test results showed that samples of Kleben, Putat and Air Buluh pepper plants were positively detected to contain PYMoV and amplified at 400 bp. The result of nucleotide base sequence analysis showed the isolates of Putat and Air Buluh had the highest homology with PYMoV of India 2 about 95% while Kleben isolate had 96% homology with PYMoV of India 1. IntisariPenyakit belang merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman lada yang disebabkan oleh Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakterisasi PYMoV secara biologi dan molekuler. Sampel tanaman lada diperoleh dari lahan petani lada di Desa Kleben, Putat (Yogyakarta), dan Air Buluh (Bangka). Partikel virus diukur dengan mikroskop elektron. Kajian penularan virus meliputi penularan mekanik, vektor, stek, penyambungan, dan biji. Deteksi secara molekuler dengan metode Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) dengan pasangan primer spesifik PYMoV-F dan PYMoV-R. Partikel virus yang ditemukan berukuran ± 30×130 nm berbentuk batang. Kajian penularan virus menunjukkan bahwa PYMoV dapat ditularkan melalui vektor Ferrisia virgata, stek, penyambungan dan biji namun tidak dapat ditularkan melalui inokulasi mekanik. Hasil uji molekuler menunjukkan bahwa sampel tanaman lada Kleben, Putat dan Air Buluh positif terdeteksi PYMoV dan teramplifikasi pada 400 bp. Hasil analisis sekuen basa nukleotida menunjukkan isolat Putat dan Air Buluh memiliki homologi tertinggi dengan PYMoV India 2 sekitar 95% sedangkan isolat Kleben memiliki homologi 96% dengan PYMoV India 1.
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Kim, Sangkyu, Jessica Fuselier, David A. Welsh, Katie E. Cherry, Leann Myers und S. Michal Jazwinski. „Feature Selection Algorithms Enhance the Accuracy of Frailty Indexes as Measures of Biological Age“. Journals of Gerontology: Series A 76, Nr. 8 (20.01.2021): 1347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glab018.
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Abstract Biological age captures some of the variance in life expectancy for which chronological age is not accountable, and it quantifies the heterogeneity in the presentation of the aging phenotype in various individuals. Among the many quantitative measures of biological age, the mathematically uncomplicated frailty/deficit index is simply the proportion of the total health deficits in various health items surveyed in different individuals. We used 3 different statistical methods that are popular in machine learning to select 17–28 health items that together are highly predictive of survival/mortality, from independent study cohorts. From the selected sets, we calculated frailty indexes and Klemera–Doubal’s biological age estimates, and then compared their mortality prediction performance using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Our results indicate that the frailty index outperforms age and Klemera–Doubal’s biological age estimates, especially among the oldest old who are most prone to biological aging-caused mortality. We also showed that a DNA methylation index, which was generated by applying the frailty/deficit index calculation method to 38 CpG sites that were selected using the same machine learning algorithms, can predict mortality even better than the best performing frailty index constructed from health, function, and blood chemistry.
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Okada, Isao, Masao Nomura und Teruo Haibara. „High Enrichment of 6Li in Molten Nitrates by the Klemm Method“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 68, Nr. 1-2 (01.02.2013): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/zna.2012-0104.
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The Klemm method of isotopic enrichment (countercurrent electromigration of molten salts) and many of its implications are reviewed and discussed. On the basis of this principle, a small amount of 6Li was enriched in some experiments from its original abundance, 7:6%, to 94:9% at about 300 °C. The variation of the conditions led to a modified setup where, by disposing a small amount of NaNO3 between the catholyte (NH4NO3) and the zone of LiNO3, the frontal part, where 6Li is to be enriched, could be kept stable under high current density for more than one month without any problem of corrosion. The reasons and implications of this new step are discussed, underlining the up-to-dateness of Klemm’s experiment.
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Voskoboynikov, I., und V. Gimpelson. „Productivity Growth, Structural Change and Informality: The Case of Russia“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 11 (20.11.2015): 30–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2015-11-30-61.
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This study considers the influence of structural change on aggregate labour productivity growth of the Russian economy. The term "structural change" refers to labour reallocation both between industries and between formal and informal segments within an industry. Using Russia KLEMS and official Rosstat data we decompose aggregate labour productivity growth into intra-industry (within) and between industry effects with four alternative methods of the shift-share analysis. All methods provide consistent results and demonstrate that total labour reallocation has been growth enhancing though the informality expansion has had a negative effect. As our study suggests, it is caused by growing variation in productivity levels across industries.
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Baumgartner, Jörg, und Kai Schnabel. „Aluminium-Stahl-Verbindungen tadellos gefügt“. Konstruktion 71, Nr. 06 (2019): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0720-5953-2019-06-56.
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Kaum etwas beschäftigt die Automobilindustrie mehr als die Suche nach kostengünstigen Leichtbaulösungen. Mit der elektromagnetischen Puls-Technologie (EMPT) steht ein neuartiges Fügeverfahren bereit, um Stahl- und Aluminiumlegierungen zu verbinden. Anderen Verfahren, beispielsweise dem Kleben, ist diese Methode insbesondere beim nötigen Zeitaufwand weit überlegen.
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Chou, Pao-hwa, und Isao Okada. „Internal Cation Mobilities in the Molten Binary System (Ag, Tl)NO3“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 51, Nr. 3 (01.03.1996): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1996-0311.
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Internal mobility ratios in the molten binary system (Ag, Tl)NO3 have been measured by Klemm's countercurrent electromigration method. In the usual way the internal cation mobilities b have been calculated from these data and those available on the densities and conductivities. In the investigated region of temperature and composition bAg is greater than bTl
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Fuah, A. M., Zulhijariyanto, L. Cyrilla, Y. Triyonggo und Z. Assegaf. „Strategy for Kleder Competency Improvement in The Camara Nusantara Cattle Ship“. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 8, Nr. 3 (31.10.2020): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.8.3.131-136.
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Camara Nusantara ship was provided for livestock transportation especially cattle, to help increasingefficiency and decrease weight losses in the supply chain process. There were, however, such poor cattleperformance was still found on the arrival port, which was claimed as related to the poor managementand less competence of working personnel on board, one of those was kleder. This study was aimed atanalyzing the strategy for increasing Human Resource competency in the Camara Nusantara LivestockShip. Method used in this study was observations on target location, documentation, literature review,and depth interviews with target respondents in the respective locations, qualitative analysis approachwas applied for data analysis. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with five levels were used to analyzedata obtained from the study. The results indicate that the main strategies for increasing the competencyof human resource in the Camara Nusantara Livestock Ship was started with development of competencystandardization with a weight of 0.361. Development of competency standards for kleder is required toprovide a guidelines for improving kleder’s skills and knowledge in managing and handling livestockat Camara Nusantara Livestock Ship. It can be concluded that to optimize kleder competency who areworking at Camara Nusantara Cattle Ship may help to maintain cattle performance during the sea tolltransportation. Therefore, developing a national job competency standard, so called SKKNI (StandarKompetensi Kerja Nasional Indonesia) is needed as guidance to formulate relevant training programsfor human resource development.
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Haibara, Teruo, und Isao Okada. „Internal Mobilities in Molten (Li, Pb(II))Cl as Remeasured by the Klemm Method“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, Nr. 6 (01.06.1990): 827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-0612.
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AbstractInternal cation mobility ratios in molten (Li, Pb(II))Cl at 650 °C have been remeasured by Klemm's column method. From these and available data on the densities and conductivities, the internal mobilities bLi and bPb have been calculated. It was found that at low LiCl content bu is surprisingly high, while at low PbCl2 content bPb is surprisingly low. The former trend agrees with that found by Klemm and Monse with the migrating boundary method and disagrees with that found by Behl and Egan with the EMF method. The latter trend agrees with that resulting from a neglected point given by Behl and Egan and disagrees with that tentatively reported by Klemm and Monse. The peculiar mobility behaviour of (Li, Pb(II))Cl is compared with that of similar Cd(II), Sr, and Ba systems
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Chou, Pao-hwa, Haruaki Matsuura und Isao Okada. „Internal Cation Mobilities in the Molten Systems (Ag, Rb)NO3 and (Ag,Cs)NO3 Remeasured by the Klemm Method“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 48, Nr. 12 (01.12.1993): 1207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1993-1209.
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Abstract Internal mobility ratios in the molten binary systems (Ag,Rb)NO3 and (Ag,Cs)NO3 have been measured by Klemm's countercurrent electromigration method at various temperatures and compositions. From these and the available data on the densities and conductivities, the cation internal mobilities b have been calculated. Over the investigated regions of temperature and composition bAg is greater than bRb and bCs . The internal mobility of Ag+ is well expressed by bAg = [A/(V - V0)] • exp(-E/RT), where V is the molar volume of the mixtures, A, V0 , and E being constants nearly independent of the coions. A comparison of the present data with those previously obtained by the EMF method certifies that the Klemm method yields more precise data.
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Romero, João P., und John S. L. McCombie. „Differences in increasing returns between technological sectors“. Journal of Economic Studies 43, Nr. 5 (10.10.2016): 863–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-03-2015-0045.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: to investigate the existence of different degrees of returns to scale in low-tech and high-tech manufacturing industries; and to examine whether the degrees of returns to scale change through time. Design/methodology/approach The empirical investigation implemented in the paper uses data from the EU KLEMS Database, covering a sample of 12 manufacturing industries in 11 OECD countries over the period 1976-2006. The investigation employed two different estimation methods: instrumental variables and system GMM. The robustness of the results was assessed by employing two different specifications of Kaldor-Verdoorn’s Law, by using lags and five-year averages to smooth business-cycle fluctuations, and by dividing the sample into two time periods. Findings The results reported in the paper provide strong evidence in support of the hypothesis of substantial increasing returns to scale in manufacturing. The investigation suggests that high-tech manufacturing industries exhibit larger degrees of returns to scale than low-tech manufacturing industries. Finally, the analysis revealed also that the magnitude of the returns to scale in manufacturing have increased in the last decades, driven by increases in the magnitude of returns to scale observed in high-tech industries. Originality/value No previous work has assessed the hypothesis that increasing returns to scale vary according to the technological content of industries. Moreover, no previous work has used system GMM or data from EU KLEMS to test Kaldor-Verdoorn’s Law. Most importantly, the findings of the paper present new evidence on the degree of returns to scale in high-tech and low-tech manufacturing industries.
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Haibara, Teruo, Osamu Odawara und Isao Okada. „Internal Cation Mobilities in the Molten Binary System(Na,NH4)NO3“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 44, Nr. 6 (01.06.1989): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1989-0610.
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Relative differences in the internal cation mobilities in the molten binary system (Na, NH4)NO3 have been measured by Klemm's countercurrent electromigration method at NaNO3 mole fractions 0 0.3 and temperatures 433-453 K. Also the densities and electric conductivities of this system have been measured. From these data the internal cation mobilities, bNa and bNH₄, were calculated. Under all accessible conditions, bNH₄ is greater than bNa. The results are discussed in terms of the interaction between unlike ions and free space.
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Christidis, George, Carlos Aldana, Georgios Chryssikos, Vassilis Gionis, Hussein Kalo, Matthias Stöter, Josef Breu und Jean-Louis Robert. „The Nature of Laponite: Pure Hectorite or a Mixture of Different Trioctahedral Phases?“ Minerals 8, Nr. 8 (26.07.2018): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8080314.
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A series of laponites and synthetic OH- and fluorinated hectorites prepared from hydrothermal and melting experiments at both industrial and laboratory scale were examined with XRD and FTIR (MIR and NIR) to determine their mineralogical composition and possible compositional heterogeneity. The end materials contained both Li- and Na-bearing phases. The industrial hydrothermal OH-smectites prepared at low temperatures consist of random mixed layer hectorite-stevensite-kerolite with about 40–50% hectorite layers, the remaining being stevensite and kerolite at roughly equal proportions. The FTIR spectra of these smectites contain, besides the main Mg3OH stretching/overtone bands at 3695–3690 and 7225–7214 cm−1, respectively, additional OH overtone bands at ~3716 and 7265 cm−1 (hydrated state). These bands might be linked to Mg2LiOH stretching modes. The melt-derived smectites are kerolite-free but still contain stevensite layers, although the preparation methods involved heating in the excess of 1000 °C. In these smectites Li might be partitioned to both octahedral and interlayer sites. Subsequent annealing of the melt-derived Mg-Li smectites caused migration of the exchangeable Li to the vacant octahedral due to the Hofmann-Klemen effect and thus decrease of the layer charge, as was indicated by the νO-D method. Hydrothermal synthesis of Mg-Li smectites at high temperature (400 °C) and pressure (1 kbar), yielded pure hectorite without stevensite or kerolite domains.
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Skrebneva, Anna V., V. I. Popov und A. S. Buslova. „TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL AGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AGING“. Health Care of the Russian Federation 63, Nr. 1 (24.05.2019): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0044-197x-2019-63-1-22-28.
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The article describes a new method for determining the biological age (BV) of a person, developed by a team of authors: A. Skrebneva, V. Popov, A. Buslova. The goal and objectives are to develop a new method for assessing BV with determining its validity and usefulness for predicting the rate of aging in the framework of a large national sample of people. Material and methods. For the work, anonymous results of blood tests of patients from 2014 to 2016 were taken from the laboratory of the Voronezh Regional Clinical Consultative and Diagnostic Center, Russia. At the first stage, data was divided into two sets: the first included the parameters of healthypatients, the second set was consisted from patients who had abnormal results.Afterwards significant for prediction biomarkers were determined by methods of statistical analysis on the initial data set of healthy patients. At the second stage, a statistical model was built. When calendar age (CA) were considered unknown, it was calculated by Klemera and Doubal method. Results. The proposed method provides improved accuracy of determining BV compared to traditional methods based on the linear regression method, since it takes into account the complexity of the relationship between biomarkers and the change in the degree of influence of various biomarkers in the process of age-related changes in the body. This made it possible, with a known CV, to reduce the confidence interval in determining BV ± 10 years to ± 4 years, and with an unknown CV of the patient - from ± 25 years to ± 10.9 years. Discussion. The proposed method allows to increase the accuracy of determining BV is not less than 2.29 times. Conclusion. The proposed method allows to assess the degree of influence of adverse environmental factors, chronic diseases on life expectancy and the effectiveness of recreational physical culture for dynamic medical monitoring in various medical institutions.
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Reiff, Ellen-Christine, und Jochen Branscheid. „Effizient fügen durch Ultraschall-Schweißen“. Konstruktion 71, Nr. 09 (2019): IW12—IW14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0720-5953-2019-09-70.
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Schweißen mit Ultraschall gilt heute als die schnellste und zugleich auch kostengünstigste Methode, um Kunststoffteile miteinander zu verbinden und zu montieren. Wesentliche Vorteile sind, dass ohne Kleber, Verbindungselemente und Lösungsmittel gearbeitet wird. Dadurch ist das Verfahren sehr umweltfreundlich und effizient. Typische Anwendungsbereiche finden sich deshalb in nahezu allen Branchen, angefangen von Verpackungs-, Lebensmittel-, Textil und Medizintechnik bis hin zum Fahrzeugbau. Für die Verbindung der im Automobil- und Nutzfahrzeugbereich verwendeten Leichtbau-Werkstoffe beispielsweise liefert das Ultraschall-Schweißen gute Voraussetzungen.
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Liu, Zuyun. „Development and validation of two composite aging measures using clinical biomarkers in the Chinese population“. Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (01.12.2020): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3274.
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Abstract Quantifying aging is crucial for addressing aging and related issues. This study aimed to: 1) develop two composite aging measures in the Chinese population using two recent advanced algorithms (the Klemera and Doubal method and Mahalanobis distance); and 2) validate the two measures by examining their associations with mortality and disease counts. Based on data from the China Nutrition and Health Survey 2009 wave (N=8,119, aged 20-79 years, 53.5% women), a nationwide prospective cohort study of the Chinese population, we developed Klemera and Doubal method-biological age (KDM-BA) and physiological dysregulation (PD, derived from Mahalanobis distance) using 12 routine clinical biomarkers. For the validation analysis, we used Cox proportional hazard regression models (for mortality) and linear, Poisson, and logistic regression models (for disease counts) to examine the associations. We replicated the validation analysis in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, N=9,304, aged 45-99 years, 53.4% women). We found that both aging measures were predictive of mortality after accounting for age and gender (KDM-BA, per one-year, HR=1.14, 95%CI=1.08, 1.19; PD, per one-SD, HR=1.50, 95%CI=1.33, 1.69). With few exceptions, these mortality predictions were robust across stratifications by age, gender, education, and health behaviors. The two aging measures were associated with disease counts both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. These results were generally replicable in CHARLS although four biomarkers were not available. In summary, we successfully developed and validated two composite aging measures‒‒KDM-BA and PD, which have great potentials for applications in early identifications and preventions of aging and aging related diseases in China.
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Parker, Daniel C., Virginia B. Kraus und Daniel Belsky. „QUANTIFICATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL AGING PREDICT DISABILITY AND MORTALITY IN OLDER ADULTS IN THE DUKE EPESE“. Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.343.
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Abstract Methods to quantify biological aging have been proposed to measure age-related decline in system integrity for population surveillance and evaluation of geroprotective therapies. However, quantifications of biological aging have been little-studied in geriatric populations. We conducted analysis of three clinical-biomarker-algorithm methods to quantify biological aging, the Klemera-Doubal Method (KDM) Biological Age, homeostatic dysregulation (HD), and Levine Method (LM) Biological Age in a cohort of N=1,374 older adults aged 71-102 years (35% male, 52% African American), the Duke-EPESE. We parameterized algorithms from analysis of US NHANES data (N=36,207). We conducted criterion validity analyses using measures of disability and mortality as end-points. We analyzed counts of ADLs and iADLs using negative binomial regression. We analyzed time-to-death using Cox regression. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. We evaluated algorithms derived from analysis of different biomarker groupings. We also compared algorithms derived from analysis of mixed age and race/ethnicity samples to algorithms derived from older-age (65+) and individual race/ethnicity samples. Duke-EPESE participants with older KDM Biological Age reported dependence in more ADLs and iADLs, and were at increased risk of death (ADL IRR=1.19 [1.12, 1.27]; IADL IRR=1.18 [1.10, 1.26]; mortality HR=1.09 [1.06, 1.13]). Quantifications of biological aging derived from analysis of a mixed-age and race/ethnicity sample predicted disability and mortality in African-American and white older adults.
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Parker, Daniel C., Bryce N. Bartlett, Harvey J. Cohen, Gerda Fillenbaum, Janet L. Huebner, Virginia Byers Kraus, Carl Pieper und Daniel W. Belsky. „Association of Blood Chemistry Quantifications of Biological Aging With Disability and Mortality in Older Adults“. Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, Nr. 9 (06.11.2019): 1671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz219.
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Abstract Quantification of biological aging has been proposed for population surveillance of age-related decline in system integrity and evaluation of geroprotective therapies. However, methods of quantifying biological aging have been little studied in geriatric populations. We analyzed three clinical-biomarker-algorithm methods to quantify biological aging. Klemera–Doubal method Biological Age and homeostatic dysregulation algorithms were parameterized from analysis of U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data (N = 36,207) based on published methods. Levine method Biological Age was adapted from published analysis of NHANES data. Algorithms were applied to biomarker data from the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (Duke-EPESE) cohort of older adults (N = 1,374, aged 71–102 years, 35% male, 52% African American). We tested associations of biological aging measures with participant reported Activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) dependencies, and mortality. We evaluated the sensitivity of results to the demographic composition of reference samples and biomarker sets used to develop biological aging algorithms. African American and white Duke-EPESE participants with more advanced biological aging reported dependence in more ADLs and IADLs and were at increased risk of death over follow-up through 2017. Effect sizes were similar across algorithms, but were strongest for Levine method Biological Age (per-quintile increase in ADL incidence rate ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [1.17–1.37], IADL incidence rate ratio = 1.23 [1.15–1.32], mortality hazard ratio = 1.12 [1.08–1.16]). Results were insensitive to demographic composition of reference samples, but modestly sensitive to the biomarker sets used to develop biological aging algorithms. Blood-chemistry-based quantifications of biological aging show promise for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to extend healthy life span in older adults.
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Yang, Chao-Cheng, und Bor-Jih Lee. „Internal Cation Mobilities in the Molten Binary Systems (Li, Na)Cl and (Na, K)Cl“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 48, Nr. 12 (01.12.1993): 1223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1993-1212.
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Abstract Internal mobility ratios of the two cations in the molten binary systems (Li, Na)Cl and (Na, K)Cl have been measured with Klemm's column method. From these and available data on the densities and conductivities the internal mobilities bLi , bNa and bK have been calculated. In (Li, Na)Cl, bLi is smaller than bNa in the investigated composition and temperature range, and in (Na, K)Cl, the Chemla effect occurs, that is a crossing of the isotherms is observed.The internal cation mobilities bM are well expressed by the empirical relationbM = [A/(V-V0)]exp(-E/RT), where A, E and V0 are constants depending on the cation M and V is the molar volume of the mixture.
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Matsuura, Haruaki, Isao Okada, Ryuzo Takagi und Yasuhiko Iwadate. „Internal Cation Mobilities in Molten (K, Dy1/3)Cl“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 53, Nr. 1-2 (01.02.1998): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1998-1-208.
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Abstract Internal cation mobility ratios in the molten system KCl-DyCl3 have been measured at 1093 K by Klemm's countercurrent electromigration method. From these, and data available on the conductivities and molar volumes of the mixtures, the internal mobilities b of both cations have been calculated. With increasing concentration of Dy, bK decreases. The decrease of bK is attributed to the tranquilization effect by Dy3+ ions which strongly interact with Cl- ions. With increasing concentration of K+ , bDy decreases; this may be attributed to the stronger association of Dy3+ with C- ions due to the enhanced charge asymmetry of the two cations neighboring to the C- ions. It could not been clarified whether a species such as [DyCl6]3- is also an electrically-conducting species in the K+ rich range.
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Gaydosh, Lauren, Daniel W. Belsky, Dana A. Glei und Noreen Goldman. „Testing Proposed Quantifications of Biological Aging in Taiwanese Older Adults“. Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, Nr. 9 (30.09.2019): 1680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz223.
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Abstract Quantification of biological aging is of interest in gerontology as a means to surveil aging rates in the population and to evaluate the effects of interventions to increase healthy life span. Analysis of proposed methods to quantify biological aging has focused on samples of midlife or mixed-age adults in the West. Research is needed to test whether quantifications of biological aging can differentiate aging rates among older adults and if quantifications of biological aging developed in Western samples can differentiate aging rates in non-Western populations. We conducted analysis of Klemera-Doubal method (KDM) Biological Age and homeostatic dysregulation measures of biological aging developed in the U.S. NHANES and tested in a sample of older Taiwanese adults in the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study. We conducted analysis of physical and cognitive function and mortality, comparing quantifications of biological aging to a biomarker index based on norms within our analysis sample and to participants’ ratings of their own health. Results showed that quantifications of biological aging (a) predicted differences in physical and cognitive function and in mortality risk among Taiwanese older adults and (b) performed as well as a traditional biomarker index and participant self-rated health for prediction of these outcomes.
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Zhong, Xin, Yanxia Lu, Qi Gao, Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt, Tamas Fulop, Christopher Pineda Monterola, Joo Chuan Tong, Anis Larbi und Tze Pin Ng. „Estimating Biological Age in the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study“. Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, Nr. 10 (08.06.2019): 1913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz146.
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Abstract Background Biological age (BA) is a more accurate measure of the rate of human aging than chronological age (CA). However, there is limited consensus regarding measures of BA in life span and healthspan. Methods This study investigated measurement sets of 68 physiological biomarkers using data from 2,844 Chinese Singaporeans in two age subgroups (55–70 and 71–94 years) in the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study (SLAS-2) with 8-year follow-up frailty and mortality data. We computed BA estimate using three commonly used algorithms: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and Klemera and Doubal (KD) method, and additionally, explored the use of machine learning methods for prediction of mortality and frailty. The most optimal algorithmic estimate of BA compared to CA was evaluated for their associations with risk factors and health outcome. Results Stepwise selection procedures resulted in the final selection of 8 biomarkers in males and 10 biomarkers in females. The highest-ranking biomarkers were estimated glomerular filtration rate for both genders, and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second in males and females. The BA estimates robustly predicted frailty and mortality and outperformed CA. The best performing KD measure of BA was notably predictive in the younger group (aged 55–70 years). BA estimates obtained using a machine learning train-test method were not more accurate than conventional BA estimates in predicting mortality and frailty in most situations. Biologically older people with the same CA as biologically younger individuals had higher prevalence of frailty and 8-year mortality, and worse health, behavioral, and functional characteristics. Conclusions BA is better than CA for measuring life span (mortality) and healthspan (frailty). This measurement set of physiological markers of biological aging among Chinese robustly differentiate biologically old from younger individuals with the same CA.
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Kim, Sangkyu, Jessica Fuselier, David Welsh, Katie E. Cherry, Leann Myers und S. Michal Jazwinski. „THE FRAILTY INDEX CONSTRUCTED USING FEATURE SELECTION METHODS IS THE BEST MEASURE OF BIOLOGICAL AGE“. Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S891—S892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3261.
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Abstract No single biomarker can reliably represent the complexity of aging. One way to overcome this shortcoming is to aggregate multiple biomarkers into a composite index. The frailty index (FI), which is simply the proportion of accumulated deficits among a set of various health markers, reflects functional abilities and risks of adverse outcomes. Furthermore, the FI accounts for the variation in mortality among individuals of the same chronological age (CA). Thus, the FI is a reliable measure of biological age (BA). Unlike the FI, other popular BA-estimating algorithms use CA directly as a biomarker or indirectly to derive model parameters. However, genetic, pharmaceutical, and intervention studies have shown that aging is delayable or reversible, indicating that CA is not the direct cause of aging. The popular Klemera-Doubal (K-D) method proposes two equations for BA estimation: BE uses CA to derive equation parameters, and BEC directly incorporates CA as an additional biomarker. BA estimates by the K-D method, especially by BEC, have been shown to outperform CA. Using Louisiana Healthy Aging Study (LHAS) data, we constructed an FI from a battery of health items selected using machine learning methods for their ability to predict mortality. We compared the FI with CA and the two K-D BA estimates and found that the FI was the better predictor of mortality, especially among nonagenarians. The results were replicable with the FI calculated from different sets of selected health items using NHANES and HRS datasets. These results demonstrate the FI as the best-performing measure of BA.
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Dolinar, Marko. „Boris Krajnc in drugi kemiki na dachauskih procesih“. Acta Chimica Slovenica 68, Nr. 2 (16.06.2021): S45—S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2021.6987.
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At the University of Ljubljana, Boris Krajnc was the first habilitated teacher to cover the subject of biochemistry: he was appointed on January 5, 1946. However, Krajnc’s life ended abruptly. He was arrested on October 17, 1947 and sentenced to death on April 26, 1948 in the mounted Dachau Trial in Ljubljana. He was reportedly shot on May 12, 1948, at the age of 34. The life story of Boris Krajnc is closely linked to the work of several Slovenian chemists who were selected as prisoners at Dachau Concentration Camp to provide technical assistance in human experiments or in the clinical laboratory of the camp hospital. In the post-war period Dachau Trials in Ljubljana, a total of 8 chemists were convicted, 5 of whom were sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. In later evaluations of Dachau Trials it turned out that the charges were constructed and the confessions were obtained by cruel interrogation methods, therefore all judgements were annulled. After the emigration of the enzymologist Richard Klemen (1942) and the expulsion of Maks Samec and Marta Blinc from the university (1945), Boris Krajnc was to supervise biochemistry at the Technical Faculty. After his death, the lecturer of biochemistry was Dušan Stucin from the Medical Faculty. Later, biochemistry was absent from the chemistry curriculum for several years.
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Chou, Pao-Hwa, Ryuzo Takagi und Isao Okada. „Internal Mobilities in the Molten Ternary System (Li,K,Cs)N03 of the Eutectic Composition“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 54, Nr. 5 (01.05.1999): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1999-0509.
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The ε values in the internal cation mobilities of (Li,K,Cs)NO3 of the eutectic composition (35.2-39.8-25.0 mol%) in the temperature range from 453 to 673 K were measured by Klemm's countercurrent electromigration method, where e is defined as (bi-bj)/ba; ba is the average internal cation mobility and the subscripts i and j refer to any two out of these three cations. The conductivity was measured by a direct current method. From these data and the molar volume calculated from those of the pure salts on the assumption of additivity, the internal cation mobilities, bLi , bK and bCs, have been calculated. The bLi is well expressed by the empirical equation presented for binary alkali nitrates; the negative devia-tion for bK and bCs may be accounted for on the assumption of the tranquilization effect of Li+. The orders of those internal cation mobilities are bCs<bK<bLi at 453-473 K, bCs<bLi<bK at 473 -583 K, and bLi<bCs<bK at 583-673 K. These orders can be interpreted in terms of the dynamic dissociation model previously presented.
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Mursalim, Kiftiawati,. „STRATEGI BUDAYA TOPENG BETAWI: STUDI KASUS NYI MEH, MAESTRO TOPENG BETAWI“. LOA: Jurnal Ketatabahasaan dan Kesusastraan 15, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/loa.v15i1.2335.
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Abstrak Topeng Betawi merupakan kesenian tradisional Betawi yang hingga tahun 1970-an sangat terkenal di masyarakat. Pada tahun 2000-an, kesenian ini redup bahkan terancam punah. Masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana strategi yang dilakukan seniman topeng Betawi dalam mempertahankan kesenian tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan sejumlah strategi budaya yang dilakukan untuk mempertahankan kesenian tradisional. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan penulis adalah penelitian lapangan, meliputi wawancara dan observasi lapangan terhadap Nyi Meh, maestro topeng Betawi tahun 1970-an. Penelitian ini merujuk pada teori antropologi budaya yang dikemukakan Koentjaraningrat, Keesing, Malinowski, Ranjabar, Alwasilah, Sendjaja, dan Yunus. Temuan penting penelitian ini adalah idealisme Nyi Meh dalam berkesenian dan melestarikan teater topeng Betawi membawanya pada sejumlah strategi dan sikap dalam menghadapi penghargaan yang tidak memadai dari masyarakat ataupun lembaga pengayom. Hasil penelitian lapangan ini melengkapi tesis Yvone Tri Yoga Hoesodoningsih dan disertasi Ninuk Kleden-Probonegoro mengenai Nyi Meh sebagai kembang (primadona/maestro) topeng Betawi. Kata kunci: topeng Betawi, strategi budaya, pemertahan budaya AbstractBetawi mask is a Betawi traditional art that until the 1970s was very popular in the community. In the 2000s, this art was dim and even threatened with extinction. The problem of this research is how the strategy used by Betawi mask artists in maintaining the art. The purpose of this study is to formulate a number of cultural strategies undertaken to maintain traditional arts. The method of research conducted by the author is field research including interviews and field observations of Nyi Meh, maestro Betawi mask in the 1970s. This research refers to the cultural anthropology theory proposed by Koentjaraningrat, Keesing, Malinowski, Ranjabar, Alwasilah, Sendjaja, and Yunus. An important finding obtained from this research is Nyi Meh's idealism in performing arts and preserving Betawi mask theater led to a number of strategies and attitudes in the face of inadequate appreciation from the public or the protecting institutions. The results of this field study complement the Yvone Tri Yoga Hoesodoningsih thesis and Ninuk Kleden-Probonegoro's dissertation about Nyi Meh as a Betawi mask flower (excellent/maestro). Keywords: Betawi mask, cultural stategy, cultural maintanance
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Gödeke, Jan, Veronika Engel und Oliver Münsterer. „Die laparoskopisch assistierte Mobilisation und Resektion eines Steißbeinteratoms Altman Typ III“. Zentralblatt für Chirurgie - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie 142, Nr. 03 (Juni 2017): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-100015.
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Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt Schritt für Schritt die laparoskopisch assistierte Mobilisation und Resektion eines Steißbeinteratoms Altman Typ III. Indikation Die laparoskopische supralevatorische Tumormobilisation ist eine in ausgewählten Zentren etablierte Methode und kann als initialer Schritt einer Steißbeinteratomresektion mit intrapelvinem Anteil die komplette (R0-) Resektion vereinfachen. Methode Es erfolgt eine laparoskopische Operation in Rückenlage mit einem 5-mm-Trokar umbilikal, einem 5-mm-Trokar im rechten Oberbauch und 2 3-mm-Trokaren im linken Mittel- und Unterbauch. Wir verwenden dazu eine 5-mm-45°-Optik und laparoskopische 3-mm-Fasszangen sowie Overholt-Klemmen. Zur Koagulation wird ein laparoskopischer 5-mm-Diathermieversiegler (LigaSure™, Covidien, Neustadt) eingesetzt. Schlussfolgerung Das Verfahren der laparoskopisch assistierten Tumormobilisation bietet unserer Meinung nach für geeignete Tumoren den Vorteil, dass sich die primär tumorversorgenden Gefäßstrukturen gleich bei Beginn der Operation sicher identifizieren und durchtrennen lassen. Der laparoskopische Ansatz erlaubt ferner exakte Präparation und Mobilisierung des supralevatorischen Tumoranteils unter direkter Sicht. Nach Umlagerung des Patienten in die Bauchlage kann dann von sakral die infralevatorische Präparation ohne größere Blutungsgefahr zeitsparend und sicher erfolgen.
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Kleber, Martina, Peter Haas, Bernd Koch, Manuela Burbeck und Monika Engelhardt. „Sensitive Detection of Renal Function in Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients (pts) Via Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Unmasks Manifest Renal Function in Pts Receiving Lenalidomide and Suggests to Serve as An Additional Predictive Tool of Treatment Response.“ Blood 114, Nr. 22 (20.11.2009): 4945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4945.4945.
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Abstract Abstract 4945 Introduction Current goals in MM-treatment are to achieve prolonged remission- and treatment-free-intervals and to transform the disease into an indolent course. Effective anti-MM-substances are IMIDs, such as thalidomide and lenalidomide, the latter showing a different mode of action and favorable side-effect profile. Lenalidomide-induced side effects may, however, increase with renal impairment (RI) and dose adjustments are recommended, thus sensitive RI-monitoring is desirable. We assessed renal function (RF) via estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR by MDRD) and correlated this with lenalidomide-response, since we have shown that eGFR-monitoring is a sensitive method to detect RI in various hematological and solid tumor- (Kleber M. et al., Ann Oncol 2007) and explicitly valuable in MM-pts (Kleber M. et al., EJH 2009). Methods Thirty-two consecutive MM pts received lenalidomide in G1-4 treatment groups at our center between 6/2006-7/2009 (G1=lenalidomide 25mg/dex 40mg [n=12]; G2: lenalidomide 25mg/low-dose-dex-[n=10]; G3: lenalidomide 10mg [n=7]; G4: lenalidomide plus chemotherapy [n=3]). Serum creatinine and eGFR were determined before lenalidomide and after 1, 3 and 6 months. RI was assessed by NKDOQI- and MM-response according to EBMT-criteria. Results The median pt age was 67 years (range; 44-78), with most having stage II/III disease by Durie&Salmon (97%; ISS II/III: 75%). IgG-myeloma and normal cytogenetics were present in 84% and 56%, respectively. Pretreatment was considerable with ≥2 previous therapy lines in 71% and autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantations performed in 62% and 12%, respectively. Median β2-MG- and hemoglobin-levels were 3.4mg/dl and 11.3mg/dl, respectively. Before lenalidomide-initiation, RF appeared normal with median creatinine levels of 1.0mg/dl (range; 0.6-2.7), nevertheless, mild RI was readily detectable via eGFR (81ml/min/1.73m2, range; 27-119). Of note, mild (eGFR<90) and moderate RI (eGFR<60) before lenalidomide-initiation was prominent in 65% and 31% of pts, respectively. In pts achieving a PR due to lenalidomide treatment, median creatinine-values before and during treatment (1, 3 and 6 months) decreased from 1.0mg/dl to 0.9, 0.9 and 0.8mg/dl, which was even more prominently detectable via eGFR with 71 at baseline, increasing to 86, 85 and 97ml/min/1.73m2, respectively. Pts with SD showed creatinine-values before and during treatment (1, 3 and 6 months) of 0.9 at baseline, increasing to 1.1, 1.0 and 1.1mg/dl, whereas eGFR changed from 86 to 69, 77 and 70ml/min/1.73m2, respectively (Fig. 1). With PD, the creatinine increased from 0.9 to 1.3mg/dl, and eGFR values substantially deteriorated from 87 to 61ml/min/1.73m2; this demonstrating that with lenalidomide response, RI recovered and response was readily detected via eGFR-assessment. The median lenalidomide treatment duration lasted 36 weeks (range; 4-96), inducing an ORR (CR/PR) in 31% (n=10), clinical benefit rate (CBR=CR+PR+MR) in 37% (n=12) and stunning disease stabilisation rate (CBR+SD) in 97% (n=31 pts), this comparing favorably with previous reports, albeit our pt cohort was older, more pretreated and bearing substantial comorbidities than in both trials leading to lenalidomide/dex-FDA-approval. Lenalidomide was well tolerated with WHO-CTC-grade (G) ≥2 side effects in 8 pts (25%): 3 showed neutropenia (G2+3), 2 pts skin rash/exanthema (G2), and disorientation (G2), GvHD-exacerbation (G3) and atrial fibrilation (G3) in each one pt. Conclusions We highlight the importance to detect RI by means of eGFR-assessment, which allows to identify mild and moderate RI more prominently and reliably than via creatinine determination. Our results underline that lenalidomide in elderly MM pts is feasible and well tolerated. Renal improvement by eGFR analysis was associated with lenalidomide-response which is currently being assessed in even more detail. Disclosures Kleber: Celgene: Research Funding. Haas:Celgene: Research Funding. Engelhardt:Celgene: Research Funding.
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Terhorst, Meike, Martina Kleber, Gabriele Ihorst, David De Pasquale und Monika Engelhardt. „Comparison of 4 Previously Established, but Highly Different Comorbidity Scores (Kaplan Feinstein Index [KF], Charlson-Comorbidity Index [CCI], Satariano Index [SI], Hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index [HCT-CI]) Identifies the KF and HCT-CI as Most Relevant, but Use of An Easily Applied 3-Risk-Factor (KLeber) -Score Suggests to Even More Effectively Predict Progression-Free- and Overall-Survival Differences in Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients (pts).“ Blood 114, Nr. 22 (20.11.2009): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1797.1797.
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Abstract Abstract 1797 Poster Board I-823 Introduction Comorbidities affect daily function, treatment tolerance and mortality of pts. Therefore their analysis and impact as prognostic factors on treatment outcome seems relevant, especially in times of different treatment modalities. Aim of our analysis was the development of a specific comorbidity index (CI) to predict the influence on progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in MM pts. Methods In this retrospective analysis between 1997 and 2003, we determined the comorbidity factors age, Karnofsky Index (KI), hypertension, diabetes, secondary malignancies, pain, liver-, heart-, lung-diseases and renal impairment (RI, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] by MDRD) in 127 MM pts, receiving standard (n=65) or high-dose chemotherapy (n=62). We ascertained the prognostic value of single risk factors, compared previously established CIs (Kaplan Feinstein [KF]; Charlson-Comorbidity [CCI]; Satariano [SI]; Hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index [HCT-CI]), and via univariate and multivariate analyses determined a MM-specific risk (KLeber) score. Results The pt characteristics revealed a median age of 60 years (range 27-83), males and females were 70 vs. 57, the median KI 90%, and stage II/III disease by Salmon&Durie and ISS present in 91% and 41%, respectively. The median PFS and OS for all pts were 69 and 35 months (ms), respectively. Univariate analysis determined moderate or severe pulmonary disease (p< 0.0001, hazard ratio [HR]: 3.5), RI (p= 0.0018, HR: 3.4), decreased KI (p= 0.0004, HR: 2.7) and age > 59 years (y) (p= 0.0114, HR: 2) as most important variables for diminished OS, whereas pain (p= 0.2105), liver- (p= 0.6328) and heart-disease (p= 0.9970), hypertension (p=0.5949), diabetes (p=0.9782) and second malignancy (p=0.9605) proved of lesser or no significance. Via multivariate analysis, eGFR '30ml/min/1.73m2, moderate or severe lung disease and KI '70% were key factors for decreased OS, with HRs of 2.9, 2.8 and 2.2, respectively. Comparison of prior CIs, namely KF, CCI, SI and HCT-CI showed that the KF and HCT-CI were more critical for MM pts than SI and CCI, with both former scores revealing strikingly different OS rates for ‘low-’ vs. ‘high-scoring-pts’ of 98 vs. 44ms (p=0.007) and 81 vs. 41ms (p=0.002), respectively (low-risk being defined as pts scoring 'median CI points, high-risk with >median CI points). When incorporating KI'70 (K), moderate or severe lung disease (L) and eGFR<30 (e) in a MM-specific risk (KLeber-) score, we identified significantly differing OS rates with 0,1,2 or 3 risk factors (Table 1). The 2-group analysis of pts without (n=74) vs. those with KLeber-risk factors (n=53) showed substantial median OS differences of 117.5 vs. 40.6ms, respectively (p<0.0001), which were larger than with any other comorbidity assessment, albeit needs to be tested in a larger pt cohort to prove its validity and superiority to current scores and as a possibly better comorbidity tool for myeloma pts. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that comorbidities in MM pts are frequent and important prognostic determinants for diminished PFS and OS. The KF and HCT-CI proved of higher significance than SI and CCI in MM. Due to the numerous prognostic factors that these 4 comorbidity scores KF, HCT-CI, SI and CCI assess, not proving to be all of significance for MM in our analysis, more easily assessable MM-specific risk scores seem of importance. In our novel KLeber score, only 3 comorbidity factors proved essential from uni-and multivariate analyses, namely KI'70%, moderate or severe lung disease and eGFR<30, thereby allowing a powerful prediction model for 3 distinct risk groups. Our results highlight the debate on comorbidity scores and treatment decision-tools in MM which have not as yet moved into routine clinical practise, but seem very attractive and useful to implement into future analyses and clinical trials. This is to our knowledge the first MM-specific risk-score which is currently being re-evaluated in an even larger and independent from this analysis new MM data set. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Dill, H. G., S. Kaufhold und R. Dohrmann. „A late-stage hydrothermal phosphate-bearing montmorillonite argillitization from the tourmaline-bearing pegmatite of Alto dos Quintos Mine, northeast Brazil“. Clay Minerals 46, Nr. 3 (September 2011): 473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2011.046.3.473.
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AbstractThe Alto dos Quintos Mine, Rio Grande do Norte, northeast region of Brazil, is one of the few mines where a LCT (Li-Cs-Ta-enriched) pegmatite is exploited for the deep blue gemstone called “Paraiba Tourmaline (PT)”. Blue cuprian elbaite, a fault-bound pink montmorillonite bearing some relict apatite and newly-formed Ca-Al-phosphate of the Al-P-sulphate group (APS minerals) also occur in the underground mine. The montmorillonite was studied using extended clay mineralogical tools (XRD, IR spectroscopy, XRF, SEM-EDX, cation exchange capacity (CEC), DTA). The structural formula method for calculation of the smectite formula based on EDX data yielded an extremely Fe-poor montmorillonite: (Ca0.22+)(Al1.7Fe0.0Mg0.4)(Si3.8Al0.2). The charge on the tetrahedral sheets accounts for approximately 30% of the total permanent negative charge. However, based on the more precise Hofmann & Klemen test, tetrahedral charge values of 11% to 13% were calculated. This is indicative of the dominance of montmorillonite rather than beidellite among the smectite minerals, which is independently proved by a pronounced IR band at 630 cm-1. The formation of pink montmorillonite is not directly related to the emplacement of the Li-bearing PT pegmatite. The sheet silicate developed after a considerable hiatus (Mesozoic?), when the Neoproterozoic pegmatites had already undergone different stages of hypogene (cookeite) and supergene (illite, kaolinite) alteration, during which Li was flushed out to a degree that formation conditions of expandable Li-bearing phyllosilicates were no longer favoured. The nature of the pinkish tint is not yet clarified. The montmorillonite formed in a temperature regime close to 250°C, when apatite was transformed into Ca-bearing APS minerals under acidic conditions. Cainozoic volcanic activity and the reactivation of deep-seated fault zones are considered to be responsible for the formation of this pink P-bearing montmorillonitic clay.
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Hasanah, Luluk Ulfa, und Novi Andari. „THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL VALUES TRANSMISSION OF AN ORAL TRADITION“. Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR) 2, Nr. 3 (24.12.2020): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/ijsr.v2i3.70.
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The purpose of this research is to explore the oral traditions that exist in the Becirongengor village as well as the social and cultural values contained in these oral traditions so that these values can provide learning for the local community. Starting from the problem that the oral tradition that develops in society is starting to lose its existence. Currently the role of oral tradition has begun to be replaced by the existence of social media that has mushroomed in the community. The question is how the oral tradition is able to provide social and cultural values among the community, especially the Becirongengor Village community. The qualitative descriptive method is the chosen research method. The results found that there are still oral traditions that develop in the community, namely (1) the history of Beciro and Ngengor; (2) Haul Mbah Janten and Mbah Surogati; (3) the Kleman Tradition; (4) Paseban Karang Jiwo; (5) MBET traditions; and (6) Slametan. The social and cultural values implicit in the oral tradition are the values of mutual cooperation, andap ashor, tepo seliro, aji mareng sesepuh, friendship, tolerance, religious, and historical values. Of course, oral tradition also provides benefits in social science and cultural education among people, who have experienced the process of transmitting social values that function for entertainment, reminiscing about the past (meaning to history studying), solidarity and togetherness, religious or religious functions, social control, and education.
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Chan, Mei Sum, Matthew Arnold, Alison Offer, Imen Hammami, Marion Mafham, Jane Armitage, Rafael Perera und Sarah Parish. „A Biomarker-based Biological Age in UK Biobank: Composition and Prediction of Mortality and Hospital Admissions“. Journals of Gerontology: Series A 76, Nr. 7 (06.03.2021): 1295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glab069.
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Abstract Background Chronological age is the strongest risk factor for most chronic diseases. Developing a biomarker-based age and understanding its most important contributing biomarkers may shed light on the effects of age on later-life health and inform opportunities for disease prevention. Methods A subpopulation of 141 254 individuals healthy at baseline were studied, from among 480 019 UK Biobank participants aged 40–70 recruited in 2006–2010, and followed up for 6–12 years via linked death and secondary care records. Principal components of 72 biomarkers measured at baseline were characterized and used to construct sex-specific composite biomarker ages using the Klemera Doubal method, which derived a weighted sum of biomarker principal components based on their linear associations with chronological age. Biomarker importance in the biomarker ages was assessed by the proportion of the variation in the biomarker ages that each explained. The proportions of the overall biomarker and chronological age effects on mortality and age-related hospital admissions explained by the biomarker ages were compared using likelihoods in Cox proportional hazard models. Results Reduced lung function, kidney function, reaction time, insulin-like growth factor 1, hand grip strength, and higher blood pressure were key contributors to the derived biomarker age in both men and women. The biomarker ages accounted for >65% and >84% of the apparent effect of age on mortality and hospital admissions for the healthy and whole populations, respectively, and significantly improved prediction of mortality (p < .001) and hospital admissions (p < 1 × 10−10) over chronological age alone. Conclusions This study suggests that a broader, multisystem approach to research and prevention of diseases of aging warrants consideration.
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Hastings, Waylon J., Daniel Belsky und Idan Shalev. „COMPARABILITY OF BIOLOGICAL AGING MEASURES IN THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION STUDY, 1999-2002“. Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1783.
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Abstract Biological processes of aging are thought to be modifiable causes of many chronic diseases. Measures of biological aging could provide sensitive endpoints for studies of risk factors hypothesized to shorten healthy lifespan and/or interventions that extend it. However, uncertainty remains about how to measure biological aging and if proposed measures assess the same thing. We tested four proposed measures of biological aging with available data from NHANES 1999-2002: Klemera-Doubal method (KDM) Biological Age, homeostatic dysregulation, Levine Method (LM) Biological Age, and leukocyte telomere length. All measures of biological aging were correlated with chronological age. KDM Biological Age, homeostatic dysregulation, and LM Biological Age were all significantly associated with each other, but were each not associated with telomere length. NHANES participants with older biological ages performed worse on tests of physical, cognitive, perceptual, and subjective functions known to decline with advancing chronological age and thought to mediate age-related disability. Further, NHANES participants with higher levels of exposure to life-course risk factors were measured as having older biological ages. In both sets of analyses, effect-sizes tended to be larger for KDM Biological Age, homeostatic dysregulation, and LM Biological Age as compared to telomere length. Composite measures combining cellular- and patient-level information tended to have the largest effect-sizes. The cellular-level aging biomarker telomere length may measure different aspects of the aging process relative to the patient-level physiological measures. Studies aiming to test if risk factors accelerate aging or if interventions may slow aging should not treat proposed measures of biological aging as interchangeable.
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Scerri, Moira, und Renu Agarwal. „Service enterprise productivity in action: measuring service productivity“. Journal of Service Theory and Practice 28, Nr. 4 (09.07.2018): 524–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-06-2017-0104.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure service productivity using the Service Enterprise Productivity in Action (SEPIA) model. The research operationalises only one of the five stakeholder groups, the customer interface which incorporates service complexity (SC), customer interactions, customer channel, customer loyalty (CL) (new) as inputs, and CL (referred and repeat) and willingness to pay as output measures. Design/methodology/approach The research extends our understanding of existing service productivity models with the development of the SEPIA model. Data were collected from 14 organisations operating in the Australian travel and tourism industry, which was analysed using a data envelopment analysis input oriented variable return to scale method as applied to the SEPIA model customer interface. Findings Four key findings from the research include: customer choice and their ability to pay is a determinant of service productivity; service productivity is a two stage process when measured; SC is not categorical; and quality business systems do impact service productivity. Research limitations/implications A limitation of this research is that only one (customer) of the five key stakeholders, customer, employee, manager, supplier and shareholder, was operationalised in this research paper. Practical implications The operationalisation of the SEPIA customer interface using transactional data and measuring non-financial, intangible factors of productivity provide managers with insights on what services to offer, when to invest in or promote the use of technology and whether to spend marketing effort on customer acquisition or customer retention. Originality/value The SEPIA model positions service firms within a social and service value network and provides a range of customer measures that extend the current capital (K), labour (L), energy (E), materials (M) and service (S), KLEMS measure of productivity and can be used to show the impact customers have on service productivity.
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Syafiul Mujahid, Ahmad. „Mitigation for Hawser‘s Short Fatigue Life on The Study of The Fatigue Life Prediction of Hawser in Single Point Mooring (SPM) at Tuban Fuel Terminal“. Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering- (JOMAse) 63, Nr. 3 (30.11.2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v63i3.114.
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One of the vital components of SPM System is Mooring Hawser. Mooring Hawser is mooring lines that used to anchor the tanker ship that are berthed at Single Point Mooring (SPM) fuel terminal to loading or offloading the fuel oil. The incident of broken hawser unexpectedly due to short fatigue life that occurs on hawser when tanker ship that is anchored at SPM 150.000 DWT at Tuban Seas, East Java, Indonesia is the basis of this study for mitigation and replace of new hawser. This study calculates fatigue life of the hawser by using numerical simulation approach and Palmgren-Miner Methods. the hawser variation that conducted is only at the size of the outside diameter, namely: 0.144 m, 0.152 m, and 0.160 m. The material properties of the hawser in this study are Nylon Polyamide PA66. Numerical simulation consist of two steps: Hydrodynamics diffraction numerical simulation is used to obtain response (RAO) of tanker ship and SPM, and hydrodynamics time response numerical simulation is used to obtain effective hawser tension time history in 3600 second time simulation. By using the S-N Curve of Nylon Polyamide PA66 that is obtained from Jernej Klemenc, Andrej Wagner, and Matija Fadjiga (2011) as the basis to calculate fatigue life prediction of three variations in the outside diameter of the hawserwith Palmgren-Miner methods. The calculation result of new hawser fatigue life = 57.40536 Months or 4.718249 Years of Effective Berthing Time. The new hawser use outside diameter variation = 0.152 m to replace the previous hawser.
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Sari, Vega Kartika, Eva Rosdiana und Sepdian Luri Asmono. „ANALISIS KLASTER DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murr.) UNGGUL LOKAL DI KABUPATEN JEMBER DAN BANYUWANGI“. Jurnal Agroteknologi 11, Nr. 2 (21.02.2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v11i2.9056.
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Indonesia is one of the centers of durian diversity in the world and one of the regions that makes durian a superior local fruit crop is Jember and Banyuwangi. Clustering is useful to facilitate the search for certain features of the type of durian. This study aims to determine the durian grouping in two districts namely Jember and Banyuwangi. The materials used were local superior durian fruit and characterization questionnaire. Research using descriptive methods. Characterization data will be analyzed using NTSYS software.The results showed that local superior durian fruit were grouped into 2 groups based on morphological characters. Cluster 1 consists of 4 durians namely Klemben, Hijau, Bajul, and Lambau. Cluster 2 only consists of durian Musang King. Based on the chemical content of durian fruit, durian Lambau from Jember has the highest water content of 75.52%, Musang King from Banyuwangi has a fat content (2.29%), Bajul from Jember has the highest fiber content (11.89%), and Hijau from Banyuwangi has the highest protein (3.14%) and sugar (26.08%) content. Based on PCA showed that Musang King and Hijau have similirity on some morphological characters and chemical fruit contents. The results of correlation analysis of morphological characters and chemical content of durian fruit showed that leaf length was positively correlated with leaf width and protein content. Leaf width is positively correlated with sugar content. Fruit weight is positively correlated with water content.
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Biester, H., K. H. Knorr, J. Schellekens, A. Basler und Y. M. Hermanns. „Comparison of different methods to determine the degree of peat decomposition in peat bogs“. Biogeosciences Discussions 10, Nr. 11 (05.11.2013): 17351–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-17351-2013.
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Abstract. Peat humification or decomposition is a frequently used proxy to extract past time changes in hydrology and climate from peat bogs. During the past century several methods to determine changes in peat decomposition have been introduced. Most of these methods are operationally defined only and the chemical changes underlying the decomposition process are often poorly understood and lack validation. Due to the chemically undefined nature of many humification analyses the comparison of results obtained by different methods is difficult if not misleading. In this study we compared changes in peat decomposition in cores of two peat bogs (Königsmoor (KK), Kleines Rotes Bruch, KRB) from the Harz Mountains (Germany) using C / N ratios, Fourier Transform Infrared spectra absorption (FTIR) intensities, Rock Eval® oxygen- and hydrogen indices, δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures and UV-absorption of NaOH peat extracts. In addition, one of the cores was analysed for changes in the peat's molecular composition using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (pyrolysis-GC-MS). Records of decomposition proxies show similar historical development at both sites, indicating external forcing such as climate as controlling process. Moreover, all decomposition proxies except UV-ABS and δ15N isotopes show similar patterns in their records and thus reflect in different extents signals of decomposition. Pyrolysis-GC-MS analyses of the KK core reveal that changes in peat molecular chemistry are mainly attributed to decomposition processes and to a lesser extend to changes in vegetation. Changes in the abundance of molecular compounds indicate that peat decomposition in the KK bog is mainly characterized by preferential decomposition of phenols and polysaccharides and relative enrichment of aliphatics during drier periods. Enrichment of lignin and other aromatics during decomposition was also observed but showed less variation, and presumably reflects changes in vegetation associated to changes in hydrology of the bogs. Significant correlations with polysaccharide and aliphatic pyrolysis products were found for C / N ratios, FTIR-band intensities and for hydrogen index values, supporting that these decomposition indices provide reasonable information despite their bulk nature. Correlation with oxygen index values and δ13C was weaker assumingly indicating carboxylation of the peat during drier periods and enrichment of isotopically lighter peat components during decomposition, respectively. FTIR, C / N ratio, Pyrolysis-GC-MS analyses and Rock Eval hydrogen indices appear to reflect mass loss and related changes in the molecular peat composition during mineralization best. Different to the other investigated proxies, Pyrolysis-GC-MS and FTIR analyses allow disentangling decomposition processes and vegetation changes. UV-ABS measurements of alkaline peat extracts show only weak correlation with other decomposition proxiesas they mainly reflect the formation of humic acids through humifcation and to a~lesser extend mass loss during mineralization.
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Forrester, Sarah N., David D. McManus, Jane S. Saczynski und Catarina I. Kiefe. „RACE, BIOLOGICAL AGE, AND COGNITION: THE SYSTEMATIC ASSESSMENT OF GERIATRIC ELEMENTS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION STUDY“. Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1175.
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Abstract Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is associated with dementia and cognitive decline. AF is less prevalent among Blacks than Whites, although AF-related complications are more common in Blacks. In the general population, all-cause cognitive decline and dementia are more prevalent among Blacks than Whites. Thus, studying diverse populations with AF may advance our understanding of racial disparities in cognitive functioning. We created a measure of multisystem dysregulation (weathering), which includes but is more encompassing than aging, and examined its association with racial differences in cognition using data from the SAGE-AF study, a prospective cohort of >65-year olds with AF, at high stroke risk, and eligible for anticoagulation. Biological (as opposed to chronological) age among 974 participants was calculated using the Klemera and Doubal method using biomarkers representing physiological functioning, metabolism, and blood pressure. We defined weathering as the difference between biological and chronological age (weathering >0 indicates that biological age is higher than chronological age). We measured the association between weathering and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. Mean weathering (SD) was -0.7 (11.5) and 4.3 (12.6) for whites and non-whites, respectively. There was an interaction between race/ethnicity and weathering on cognition (P=0.004). In stratified analyses, higher weathering was associated with a lower MoCA score among both Whites and non-Whites but more so among non-whites (B = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.17, -0.02) for Whites (B = -0.03, 95% CI: -0.06, -0.01) for non-whites. Aging-related multisystem dysregulation is more strongly associated with worse cognition in non-whites than in whites.
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Hastings, Waylon, Idan Shalev und David Almeida. „Allostatic Load and Biological Aging Indicators in the MIDUS National Survey“. Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (01.12.2020): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1694.
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Abstract Indices quantifying allostatic load (AL) and biological aging (BA) have received widespread use in epidemiological and health science literature. However, little attention has been paid to the conceptual and quantitative overlap between these indicators. By reviewing literature utilizing measures of AL and BA, we highlight differences with respect to biological markers employed and approach toward scale construction. Further, we outline opportunities where AL indices might be improved by adopting analytical features of BA measures. We demonstrate the utility of this approach using data from The MIDUS National Survey, constructing three indices of allostatic load: one standard approach modeled after Gruenewald et al, 2012, and two alternative formulations informed by BA procedures. The performance of AL indices are juxtaposed against two commonly employed indices of biological aging: Klemera-Doubal Method Biological Age and Homeostatic Dysregulation. All measures were significantly associated with chronological age. Alternative AL formulations were more strongly associated with biological aging measures than with the standard approach. MIDUS participants with increased allostatic load and older biological ages performed worse on tests of physical, cognitive, perceptual, and subjective functioning. Further, MIDUS participants with history of childhood-trauma and mental-health problems were measured as having increased AL and BA. Alternative AL formulations tended to have effect-sizes equivalent to or larger than those observed for BA measures. In conclusion, indices of allostatic load and biological age approximate similar processes when constructed with comparable biomarkers and rigor, in line with their conceptual overlap as proxies of cumulative wear and tear.
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Biester, H., K. H. Knorr, J. Schellekens, A. Basler und Y. M. Hermanns. „Comparison of different methods to determine the degree of peat decomposition in peat bogs“. Biogeosciences 11, Nr. 10 (21.05.2014): 2691–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2691-2014.
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Abstract. Peat humification or decomposition is a frequently used proxy to extract past time changes in hydrology and climate from peat bogs. During the past century several methods to determine changes in peat decomposition have been introduced. Most of these methods are operationally defined only and the chemical changes underlying the decomposition process are often poorly understood and lack validation. Owing to the chemically undefined nature of many humification analyses the comparison of results obtained by different methods is difficult. In this study we compared changes in peat decomposition proxies in cores of two peat bogs (Königsmoor, KK; Kleines Rotes Bruch, KRB) from the Harz Mountains (Germany) using C / N ratios, Fourier transform infrared spectra absorption (FTIR) intensities, Rock Eva® oxygen and hydrogen indices, δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures and UV-absorption (UV-ABS) of NaOH peat extracts. In order to explain parallels and discrepancies between these methods, one of the cores was additionally analysed by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (pyrolysis-GC-MS). Pyrolysis-GC-MS data provide detailed information on a molecular level, which allows differentiation of both changes attributed to decomposition processes and changes in vegetation. Principal component analysis was used to identify and separate the effects of changes in vegetation pattern and decomposition processes because both may occur simultaneously upon changes in bog hydrology. Records of decomposition proxies show similar historical development at both sites, indicating external forcing such as climate as controlling the process. All decomposition proxies except UV-ABS and δ15N isotopes show similar patterns in their records and reflect to different extents signals of decomposition. The molecular composition of the KK core reveals that these changes are mainly attributed to decomposition processes and to a lesser extent to changes in vegetation. Changes in the molecular composition indicate that peat decomposition in the KK bog is mainly characterized by preferential decomposition of phenols and polysaccharides and relative enrichment of aliphatics during drier periods. Enrichment of lignin and other aromatics during decomposition was also observed but showed less variation than polysaccharides or aliphatics, and presumably reflects changes in vegetation associated with changes in hydrology of the bogs. Significant correlations with polysaccharide and aliphatic pyrolysis products were found for C / N ratios, FTIR-band intensities and for hydrogen index values, supporting that these decomposition indices provide reasonable information. Correlations of polysaccharide and aliphatic pyrolysis products with oxygen index values and δ13C was weaker, assumingly indicating carboxylation of the peat during drier periods and enrichment of isotopically lighter peat components during decomposition, respectively. FTIR, C / N ratio, pyrolysis-GC-MS analyses and Rock Eval hydrogen indices appear to reflect mass loss and related changes in the molecular peat composition during mineralization best. Pyrolysis-GC-MS allows disentangling the decomposition processes and vegetation changes. UV-ABS measurements of alkaline peat extracts show only weak correlation with other decomposition proxies and pyrolysis results as they mainly reflect the formation of humic acids through humification and to a lesser extent mass loss during mineralization.
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Pingoud, Alfred. „Kleines Handbuch mit Tipps und Tricks: Evolutionary Methods in Biotechnology. Hrsg. von Susanne Brakmann, Andreas Schwienhorst, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2004. 214 Seiten, geb., 129,-Euro. ISBN 3-527-30799-0“. Nachrichten aus der Chemie 53, Nr. 6 (Juni 2005): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.20050530625.
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Pashangeh, Shima, Seyyed Sadegh Ghasemi Banadkouki, Fatemeh Besharati, Fatemeh Mehrabi, Mahesh Somani und Jukka Kömi. „Color Light Metallography Versus Electron Microscopy for Detecting and Estimating Various Phases in a High-Strength Multiphase Steel“. Metals 11, Nr. 6 (23.05.2021): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060855.
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In this study, fresh attempts have been made to identify and estimate the phase constituents of a high-silicon, medium carbon multiphase steel (DIN 1.5025 grade) subjected to austenitization at 900 °C for 5 min, followed by quenching and low-temperature bainitizing (Q&B) at 350 °C for 200 s. Several techniques were employed using different chemical etching reagents either individually (single-step) or in combination of two or more etchants in succession (multiple-step) for conducting color metallography. The results showed that the complex multiphase microstructures comprising a fine mixture of bainite, martensite and retained austenite phase constituents were selectivity stained/tinted with good contrasting resolution, as observed via conventional light optical microscopy observations. While the carbon-enriched martensite-retained austenite (M/RA) islands were revealed as cream-colored areas by using a double-step etching technique comprising etching with 10% ammonium persulfate followed by etching with Marble’s reagent, the dark gray-colored bainite packets were easily distinguishable from the brown-colored martensite regions. However, the high-carbon martensite and retained austenite in M/RA islands could be differentiated only after resorting to a triple-step etching technique comprising etching in succession with 2% nital, 10% ammonium persulfate solution and then warm Marble’s reagent at 30 °C. This revealed orange-colored martensite in contrast to cream-colored retained austenite in M/RA constituents, besides the presence of brown-colored martensite laths in the dark gray-colored bainitic matrix. A quadruple-step technique involving successive etching with 2% nital, 10% ammonium persulfate solution, Marble’s reagent and finally Klemm’s Ι reagent at 40 °C revealed even better contrast in comparison to the triple-step etching technique, particularly in distinguishing the RA from martensite. Observations using advanced techniques like field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) failed to differentiate untempered, high-carbon martensite from retained austenite in the M/RA islands and martensite laths from bainitic matrix, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies successfully distinguished the RA from high-carbon martensite, as noticed in M/RA islands. The volume fraction of retained austenite estimated by EBSD, XRD and a point counting method on color micrographs of quadruple-step etched samples showed good agreement.
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Domm, Anne-Saskia, Stefanie Hieke, Gabriele Ihorst, Milena Pantic, Bernd Koch, Martina Kleber, Johannes Waldschmidt, Martin Schumacher, Ralph Wäsch und Monika Engelhardt. „Importance and Determinants of Comorbidities, Functional Limitations and Multiple Myeloma (MM)-Specific Risk Factors: Further Development of an Improved and Weighted MM-Risk Score (Freiburg Comorbidity Index [FCI])“. Blood 124, Nr. 21 (06.12.2014): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.733.733.
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Abstract Introduction: In addition to disease-specific and age-related factors, type and severity of comorbidities play a relevant role, influence the tolerance of anti-MM-treatment and overall survival (OS). We have identified an impaired Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), lung and renal impairment as significant risk factors for inferior outcome (Kleber,...Engelhardt. BCJ 2011, Kleber,...Engelhardt. CLML 2013, Engelhardt et al. Haematologica 2014). These variables were combined in a comorbidity score (initial Freiburg Comorbidity Index [iFCI]). The objectives of this analysis were to refine the iFCI ('revised FCI' [rFCI]) by adding host- and disease-specific risk factors, cytogenetics, physical function and quality of life. Moreover, we assessed the benefit of a possible weighting of the rFCI, and compared the rFCI to well-established comorbidity indices, namely Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI) and Kaplan-Feinstein (KF). Methods: We assessed 803 consecutive patients (pts) treated at our institution between 1997-2012, determining comorbidities as weighted renal, lung, heart, liver, gastrointestinal diseases, KPS, disability, frailty, infection, pain, secondary malignancies, peripheral neuropathy, thrombosis and disease parameters (e.g. cytogenetics). We divided our cohort into a training (n=553) and validation set (n=250) and performed a multivariate analysis via backward selection. Regression coefficients were used to derive weights for the score. Apart from scoring both iFCI and rFCI, we also assessed the CCI, HCT-CI and KF. Results: Our pts showed a typical median age for a tertiary referral center of 63 years (range: 21-93). 26% revealed less favorable cytogenetics, defined as del(17p13), del(13q14), t(4;14), t(14;16) and chromosome 1 abnormalities. Each half of the pts had received either standard chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. Frequent comorbidities (>30%) were KPS, heart, renal, lung impairment, disability and frailty. Univariate analysis revealed age, renal, lung and heart disease, KPS, disability, frailty, pain and infections as significant. Multivariate risks proved to be advanced age (>70 years), renal, lung, KPS impairment, frailty and cytogenetics with hazard ratios (HR) of 2.2, 1.8, 1.3, 3.2, 1.9 and 1.5, respectively. The rFCI allowed to distinguish low-, intermediate- and high-risk pts with largely different median OS of 11.2, 4.8 and 2.6 years, conclusively confirmed via validation analysis with distinct median OS differences of not reached, 6.5 or 1.4 years, respectively. Weighting of the single risk factors led to a score with maximum points of 39. In order to simplify this score, the single weights were divided by 2 and rounded, which led to a 20-point score (rFCI modified I [mod I]). A 2nd modification led to a 9-point score (rFCI mod II) which was obtained with single risk factors being scored based on their HR. These modified rFCI scores I and II allowed equally well to allocate MM pts in low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups as with the 39-point-rFCI, besides being simpler in their application. Compared to the CCI, HCT-CI and KF, the rFCI remained highly significant. For further comparison, all comorbidity indices in the training and the validation set were divided into two risk groups according to the cut-offs obtained from our initial analyses (BCJ 2011, CLML 2013). Regardless of whether we scored MM pts with the iFCI, rFCI, CCI, HCT-CI or KF, ‘low-risk’ pts had longer median survival than ‘high-risk’ pts. The comparison via median comorbidity indices showed superiority of the rFCI and CCI in the training set and of the rFCI and HCT-CI in the validation set. A further univariate analysis and comparison by dividing the different scores in risk groups based on 25% and 75% quantiles, revealed the highest HR for the rFCI both in the training and the validation set. Conclusions: As comorbidities in MM are frequent, a detailed comorbidity assessment, including host- and disease-specific risk factors, allows an improved risk evaluation in often frail pts. Age, renal, lung, KPS impairment, frailty and cytogenetics are relevant risk factors included in our rFCI. Advantages of the rFCI vs. iFCI are the inclusion of MM-specific risks including cytogenetics, the more accurate assessment of pts' physical conditions, lower prediction errors and its simple clinical applicability. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kayler, Z. E., M. Kaiser, A. Gessler, R. H. Ellerbrock und M. Sommer. „Application of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N isotopic signatures of organic matter fractions sequentially separated from adjacent arable and forest soils to identify carbon stabilization mechanisms“. Biogeosciences Discussions 8, Nr. 2 (01.03.2011): 1985–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-1985-2011.
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Abstract. Identifying the chemical mechanisms behind soil carbon bound in organo-mineral complexes is necessary to determine the degree to which soil organic carbon is stabilized belowground. We used the δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures from two organic matter (OM) fractions from soil to identify the likely binding mechanisms involved. We used OM fractions hypothesized to contain carbon stabilized through organo-mineral complexes: (1) OM separated chemically with sodium pyrophosphate (OM(PY)) and (2) OM stabilized in microstructures found in the chemical extraction residue (OM(ER)). Furthermore, because the OM fractions were separated from five different soils with paired forest and arable land use histories, we could address the impact of land use change on carbon binding and processing mechanisms within these soils. We used partial least squares regression to analyze patterns in the isotopic signature of OM with established proxies of different binding mechanisms. Parsing soil OM into different fractions is a systematic method of dissection, however, we are primarily interested in how OM is bound in soil as a whole, requiring a means of re-assembly. Thus, we implemented the recent zonal framework described by Kleber et al. (2007) to relate our findings to undisturbed soil. The δ15N signature of OM fractions served as a reliable indicator for microbial processed carbon in both arable and forest land use types. The δ13C signature of OM fractions in arable sites did not correlate well with proxies of soil mineral properties while a consistent pattern of enrichment was seen in the δ13C of OM fractions in the forest sites. We found a significant difference in δ13C of pooled OM fractions between the forest and arable land use type although it was relatively small (<1‰). We found different binding mechanisms predominate in each land use type. The isotopic signatures of OM fractions from arable soils were highly related to the clay and silt size particles amount while organic matter not directly bound to mineral surfaces in the contact zone was involved in cation bonding with Ca. In forest soils, we found a relationship between isotopic signatures of OM(PY) and the ratio of soil organic carbon content to soil surface area (SOC/SSA). For arable soils, the formation of OM(PY)-Ca-mineral associations seems to be a relevant OM stabilization mechanism while the OM(PY) of forest soils seems to be separated from layers of slower exchange not directly attached to mineral surfaces. This means there is a potential to build multiple OM layers on mineral particles in the arable soil and thus the potential for carbon accumulation.
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Pirc, M., T. Dreo, M. Šuštaršič, J. Erjavec und M. Ravnikar. „First Report of Xanthomonas hortorum pv. hederae Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot of Hedera hibernica in Slovenia“. Plant Disease 96, Nr. 1 (Januar 2012): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-11-0498.
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In October 2008, water-soaked spots, each 5 to 10 mm in diameter and surrounded by a pale green halo, were observed on leaves of a single Atlantic ivy plant (Hedera hibernica Kirchn.) out of 89 plants imported from the European Union into a commercial greenhouse in Slovenia. Leaves were surface disinfected, and spots were cut and suspended in 10 mM phosphate buffered saline. From this extract, yellow-pigmented, Xanthomonas-like bacterial colonies were isolated onto nutrient agar, and two colonies (NIB Z 1310 and NIB Z 1312) were each identified as a Xanthomonas sp. based on biochemical tests (oxidase negative; positive for hydrolysis of H2S, starch, and tributyrin; and positive for acid production from sucrose). Both isolates caused a hypersensitive reaction (1) on leaves of tomato cv. Moneymaker. A repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence (REP)-PCR assay using the BOXA1R primer (3) resulted in highly similar DNA fragment banding patterns (Pearson's correlation: 95% identity) between the two isolates (NIB Z 1310 and NIB Z 1312) and the type strain of Xanthomonas hortorum pv. hederae CFBP 4925 (ICMP 453). Partial sequences of the gyrB gene (DNA gyrase, subunit B) (2) from isolates NIB Z 1310 (Accession No. JF794785; 599 bp) and NIB Z 1312 (Accession No. JF794784; 544 bp), showed identical sequences (100% identity with 100% coverage) to type strain ICMP 453 (Accession No. EU498975.1). The pathogenicity of the two isolates from H. hibernica was confirmed on three plants of H. helix ‘Evita’ (each 6 months old) for each isolate. Plants were sprayed on the abaxial and adaxial side of leaves with 10 ml of a 48-h suspension of the appropriate isolate with approximately 106 CFU/ml (1), covered individually with plastic bags for 24 h, and incubated under high relative humidity (>80%) with 16 h of daylight at 25°C by day and 20°C by night. Three positive and three negative control plants were inoculated with the type strain of X. hortorum pv. hederae CFBP 4925 and 0.01 M magnesium sulfate buffer, respectively. After 21 days, water-soaked spots with a pale green halo were observed on all plants inoculated with the bacterial strains, including the positive control plants. Colonies isolated from these lesions were identical in morphology and BOX-PCR DNA fragment banding patterns to the original isolates. Negative control plants did not develop symptoms, and colonies similar to X. hortorum pv. hederae were not isolated from these plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. hortorum pv. hederae on H. hibernica in greenhouse production in Slovenia. If the disease spreads, it could reduce quality and marketability of this popular ground cover plant. References: (1) Z. Klement et al. Inoculation of Plant Tissues. In: Methods in Phytobacteriology. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1990. (2) N. Parkinson et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:264, 2009. (3) J. Versalovic et al. Methods Mol. Cell Biol. 5:25, 1994.