Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „King and Son (London, England)“

Boulogne : bridgehead for the landing in England during the winter of 1745-46 ; In the context of the War of the Austrian Succession (1744-48), the rulers of France envisaged a ‘descent' upon England. The aim, at Versailles, was to threaten London by deploying a small French army in Kent. The year 1745 was marked by the French plan to set the Jacobite Pretender, James Stuart (putatively ‘King James IIF), ashore in England. On 12th June 1745 his son Charles Edward (‘the Young Pretender’), embarked on a frigate at St Nazaire, escorted by a French naval warship. Landing on the Scottish coast, Charles defeated an English army at Prestonpans, near Edinburgh. Moving south, he reached Derby, 30 leagues from London, on 4th December. Meanwhile the preparations at Boulogne for a landing in England were going well. A council of war met at Dunkirk, with the Count of Aunay, Francois Bart, the royal officers Lally and Walsh, and the councillor to the French king, Charron, in attendance, on 4th December. They decided to launch a new expedition, mounted from Boulogne, to support the landing in Scotland by Prince Charles Edward, now the replacement for James Edward, who was deemed too old for the adventure. The French authorities, it seemed, had decided on a serious effort, having concentrated 30,000 troops under command of the Duc de Richelieu between Dunkirk and Boulogne. Shipping was amassed in ports stretching from Blankenberge to St Valery - sur-Somme. A hundred vessels, requisitioned in Normandy, were directed to Boulogne. From December 1745 to March 1746 the French battle fleet sat in the port of Le Havre. The objective was to disembark a force of twelve battalions - some 6,000 soldiers -in southern England. In the end, however, the project was abandoned.

George Desnoyer first danced in London in 1721 and 1722, and returned to pursue a successful performing career there between 1731 and 1742. He may have been born around 1700 in Hanover, for he was the son of the dancing master ‘Denoyé’ employed by Georg Ludwig Elector of Hanover (later King George I of England) from at least 1694. 1 Musicians named ‘Desnoyers’ can be found in Paris records from the 1650s. 2 The elder Desnoyer may have been related to Antoine Desnoyers, who was a member of the ‘violons de la Chambre’ at the court of Louis XIV from at least the late 1670s until about 1694. 3 He may also have been the Desnoyers who danced in the 1689 and 1690 revivals at the Paris Opéra of Lully's Atys and Cadmus et Hermione respectively. 4 Whatever his lineage, George Desnoyer was already a skilled exponent of French belle dance style and technique when he first appeared in London, at the Drury Lane Theatre, early in 1721. Desnoyer's father died on 18 April 1721, and he was presumably appointed to succeed him for he left England during the summer of 1722 to become dancing master to George I's grandson Prince Frederick, who had remained in Hanover. His appointment at the electoral court formally ended early in 1730, and the following year Desnoyer returned to London. He was billed as ‘first dancer to the King of Poland’ when he appeared at Drury Lane in late 1731, and for the next few years he divided his time between London, Dresden and Warsaw. Desnoyer's London career lasted until 1742. Over the years, he performed solos, duets and group dances as well as appearing in a variety of afterpieces, and he enjoyed notable partnerships with several leading female dancers. Although virtually all the choreographies he performed are lost, there is much other evidence to shed light on Desnoyer's dancing style and technique. I have documented the lives and careers, as dancing masters, of George Desnoyer and his son Philip elsewhere. 5 In this article I will explore and analyse George Desnoyer's repertoire during his first two periods in London, 1721–1722 and 1731–1733. In a second article, I will look at his repertoire and his dancing partnerships between 1734 and his retirement from the London stage in 1742. 6

With the notable exception of Scotland, Queen Victoria was never very enthusiastic about her kingdoms of the “Celtic fringe.” During the sixty-four years of her reign, Victoria spent a healthy seven years in Scotland, a mere seven weeks in Ireland, and a paltry seven nights in Wales. Although there was little overt hostility, the nonconformist Welsh often felt neglected by the monarch and embittered by the queen's position as the head of the Church of England. Her Irish visits, however, were subject to more open opposition by stalwart republicans. Her visit to Dublin in 1900 was accompanied by embarrassing incidents and coercive measures to ensure the pleasant reception and safety of the monarch.The reign of King Edward VII was notable for its warmer attitude toward Wales and Ireland, but this transformation in the relationship between the monarchy and the nations of the “Celtic fringe” reached its most clear expression with the 1911 investiture of the Prince of Wales during the reign of his son, King George V. The press considered the ceremony to be more important than any other royal visit to the Celtic nations and publicized it widely in the United Kingdom and British Empire. The organizers of the event erected telegraph offices at the site of the ceremony, and the railways established special express trains running from Caernarfon to London that were equipped with darkrooms in order to send stories and photographs of the event directly to the newspapers of Fleet Street.

Stanley Keith Runcorn was born in 1922 in Southport, Lancashire, the son of a monumentalmason of staunch Congregationalist persuasion. He was educated at the King George VGrammar School, where his strongest subjects were history and mathematics. When in thesixth form his headmaster persuaded him to take science subjects, and he was subsequentlyawarded a State Scholarship to study at Cambridge University. At an early age his father hadtaken him to a small local observatory, encouraging his interest in astronomy. On the sportingside, in spite of his later interest in rugby he refused to play the game at school and insteadconcentrated on swimming. Under his captaincy his house regularly won the swimming trophy. Runcorn showed an early interest in religious and cultural matters, which was to stay with him throughout his life. He attended a Methodist Sunday school and for some time provided a Sunday evening service for his sister and grandmother while his parents attended church. He read extensively and went to London on his own, visiting museums and architectural landmarks. Later, while at Cambridge, he developed a love of music. In 1940 he entered Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge to read electrical engineering. After graduating in 1943 he commenced research at the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE), remaining there until the end of the war. During his time at the RRE he was confirmed into the Church of England.

Michael B. Katz. Reconstructing American Education. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. viii, 212. Cloth, $22.50; E. D. Hirsch, Jr. Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1987. Pp. xvii, 251. Cloth, $16.45; Diana Ravitch and Chester E. Finn, Jr. What Do Our 17-Year-Olds Know? A Report on the First National Assessment of History and Literature. New York: Harper & Row, 1987. Pp. ix, 293. Cloth, $15.95. Review by Richard A. Diem of The University of Texas at San Antonio. Henry J. Steffens and Mary Jane Dickerson. Writer's Guide: History. Lexington, Massachusetts, and Toronto: D. C. Heath and Company, 1987. Pp. x, 211. Paper, $6.95. Review by William G. Wraga of Bernards Township Public Schools, Basking Ridge, New Jersey. J. Kelley Sowards, ed. Makers of the Western Tradition: Portraits from History. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. Fourth edition. Vol: 1: Pp. ix, 306. Paper, $12.70. Vol. 2: Pp. ix, 325. Paper, $12.70. Review by Robert B. Luehrs of Fort Hays State University. John L. Beatty and Oliver A. Johnson, eds. Heritage of Western Civilization. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987. Sixth Edition. Volume I: Pp. xi, 465. Paper, $16.00; Volume II: pp. xi, 404. Paper, $16.00. Review by Dav Levinson of Thayer Academy, Braintree, Massachusetts. Lynn H. Nelson, ed. The Human Perspective: Readings in World Civilization. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987. Vol. I: The Ancient World to the Early Modern Era. Pp. viii, 328. Paper, $10.50. Vol. II: The Modern World Through the Twentieth Century. Pp, x, 386. Paper, 10.50. Review by Gerald H. Davis of Georgia State University. Gerald N. Grob and George Attan Billias, eds. Interpretations of American History: Patterns and Perspectives. New York: The Free Press, 1987. Fifth Edition. Volume I: Pp. xi, 499. Paper, $20.00: Volume II: Pp. ix, 502. Paper, $20.00. Review by Larry Madaras of Howard Community College. Eugene Kuzirian and Larry Madaras, eds. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History. -- Volume II: Reconstruction to the Present. Guilford, Connecticut: The Dushkin Publishing Groups, Inc., 1987. Pp. xii, 384. Paper, $9.50. Review by James F. Adomanis of Anne Arundel County Public Schools, Annapolis, Maryland. Joann P. Krieg, ed. To Know the Place: Teaching Local History. Hempstead, New York: Hofstra University Long Island Studies Institute, 1986. Pp. 30. Paper, $4.95. Review by Marilyn E. Weigold of Pace University. Roger Lane. Roots of Violence in Black Philadelphia, 1860-1900. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. 213. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Ronald E. Butchart of SUNY College at Cortland. Pete Daniel. Breaking the Land: The Transformation of Cotton, Tobacco, and Rice Cultures since 1880. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1985. Pp. xvi, 352. Paper, $22.50. Review by Thomas S. Isern of Emporia State University. Norman L. Rosenberg and Emily S. Rosenberg. In Our Times: America Since World War II. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987. Third edition. Pp. xi, 316. Paper, $20.00; William H. Chafe and Harvard Sitkoff, eds. A History of Our Time: Readings on Postwar America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Second edition. Pp. xiii, 453. Paper, $12.95. Review by Monroe Billington of New Mexico State University. Frank W. Porter III, ed. Strategies for Survival: American Indians in the Eastern United States. New York, Westport, Connecticut, and London: Greenwood Press, 1986. Pp. xvi, 232. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Richard Robertson of St. Charles County Community College. Kevin Sharpe, ed. Faction & Parliament: Essays on Early Stuart History. London and New York: Methuen, 1985. Pp. xvii, 292. Paper, $13.95; Derek Hirst. Authority and Conflict: England, 1603-1658. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 390. Cloth, $35.00. Review by K. Gird Romer of Kennesaw College. N. F. R. Crafts. British Economic Growth During the Industrial Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 193. Paper, $11.95; Maxine Berg. The Age of Manufactures, 1700-1820. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 378. Paper, $10.95. Review by C. Ashley Ellefson of SUNY College at Cortland. J. M. Thompson. The French Revolution. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985 reissue. Pp. xvi, 544. Cloth, $45.00; Paper, $12.95. Review by W. Benjamin Kennedy of West Georgia College. J. P. T. Bury. France, 1814-1940. London and New York: Methuen, 1985. Fifth edition. Pp. viii, 288. Paper, $13.95; Roger Magraw. France, 1815-1914: The Bourgeois Century. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 375. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $9.95; D. M.G. Sutherland. France, 1789-1815: Revolution and Counterrevolution. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 242. Cloth, $32.50; Paper, $12.95. Review by Fred R. van Hartesveldt of Fort Valley State College. Woodford McClellan. Russia: A History of the Soviet Period. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1986. Pp. xi, 387. Paper, $23.95. Review by Pasquale E. Micciche of Fitchburg State College. Ranbir Vohra. China's Path to Modernization: A Historical Review from 1800 to the Present. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987. Pp. xiii, 302. Paper, $22.95. Reivew by Steven A. Leibo of Russell Sage College. John King Fairbank. China Watch. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. viii, Cloth, $20.00. Review by Darlene E. Fisher of New Trier Township High School, Winnetka, Illinois. Ronald Takaki, ed. From Different Shores: Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp. 253. Paper, $13.95. Review by Robert C. Sims of Boise State University.

Abstract The discovery that the mother of Earl Robert of Gloucester (d. 1147), the illegitimate son of King Henry I, was a daughter of the Gay or Gayt family of north Oxfordshire allows us a new insight into the character of that complex king. We can now see how King Henry used Oxfordshire as his surrogate home in England from the ten‐eighties onwards: three of the Englishwomen who bore him children dwelt in the vicinity of Oxford. We can also now see why it was that he made Woodstock the third most important royal centre in England during his reign. The way that his chosen mistresses used their royal connection to their families' advantage is also more clear following this discovery.

In an earlier issue of this journal I published the text of a letter to King George I of England written in the name of King “Trudo Audati” (better known under the name which he is given in in local tradition, Agaja) of the west African kingdom of Dahomey. Although dated 1726, this letter was received in England only in 1731, when it was belatedly delivered to London by Bulfinch Lambe, a former employee of the Royal African Company of England, who had spent some time in captivity in Dahomey, and who claimed to have written the letter at King Agaja's dictation. Lambe was accompanied to England by an African interpreter called “Captain Tom,” who vouched for the letter's authenticity; this man's African name was given as “Adomo Oroonoko Tomo,” though the middle name “Oroonoko” at least was surely not authentic, but borrowed from the popular romantic novel by Aphra Behn, Oroonoko: or, the Royal Slave (1689). An official enquiry by the Board of Trade decided that the letter itself was a forgery, though on grounds I at least find unpersuasive; but it was acknowledged that Lambe had been charged with some sort of message from King Agaja, and arrangements were made for the repatriation of the interpreter “Adomo Oroonoko Tomo” to Dahomey, which was effected in the following year, 1732.

In the 1320s, a group of astronomers in Paris recast the Alfonsine Tables composed in Toledo in about 1272 under the patronage of Alfonso X, king of Castile and León. The tables compiled in Paris by a first generation of Alfonsine astronomers, including John Vimond, John of Murs, and John of Lignères, reached England, and were disseminated all over Europe, progressively becoming the main tool in computational astronomy. In this paper, we focus on an anonymous set that seems to be the earliest evidence of the Parisian Alfonsine Tables in England.

On 14 July 1786, representatives of the Kings of Spain and England signed the Convention of London by which His Britannick Majesty undertook to evacuate all British subjects from the northern coast of Central America, thereby putting an end to over a half-century of conflict in that remote corner of the Caribbean.Although Article I of the Convention referred to the territory to be evacuated simply as “the Country of the MOSQUITOS …,” the intention was to secure the removal of a string of small British settlements extending from sixty miles east of Trujillo in what is now Honduras along some 550 miles of coast to Cape Gracias a Dios, and then south and east to Nicaragua’s San Juan River. The area was called then, as now, the Mosquito Shore, and had been a British sphere of influence since the 1730s.

The problem to be discussed in this paper concerns the organization of those Viking armies which under the leadership of Swein Forkbeard and his son Cnut succeeded in conquering England in the second decade of the eleventh century: were the forces of these kings privately organized, like the ones operating in the ninth century, or were they state armies recruited on the basis of a public obligation on all free men to serve the king in war?

This chapter begins with the burning of the Globe Theatre on 29 June 1613 and comments on the play being performed there, Henry VIII. This play’s ending looks forward to the reign of King James and creates the image of ‘phoenix’. The discussion circles back to James’s poem Phoenix, and its final anticipation of Ludovic Stuart, the 9-year-old son of Esmé. On his arrival in Scotland, Ludovic assumed his father’s title as Duke of Lennox. He followed James to England and served him as a major confidant, becoming a kind of ‘phoenix’. The chapter includes a brief discussion of Lennox’s participation in a variety of political and cultural events. It closes with Two Noble Kinsmen, which, with its funerals and wedding, points toward the events of 1613.

In the freezing winter of 1659–60 an army marched south from Scotland. Under the command of General George Monck, its men made ‘their Beds upon the Ice’ and travelled ‘over Mountains of Snow, to redeem their Countrey’.¹ In England the republican regime that had existed for over a decade since Charles I’s execution was in crisis. Oliver Cromwell, the man who had held the regime together, was dead and his son and successor, Richard, had failed to unite the different political and military groupings who were striving for power. Monck, the regime’s military commander in Scotland, decided to intervene and set out on the long journey to London. Monck’s arrival in the English capital with his soldiers proved pivotal to the republic’s demise and led to the restoration of the Stuart monarchy in May 1660. Monck’s military strength, based on his careful management of his army’s interests, enabled him to bring about a pro-monarchist parliament, who invited the exiled Charles II to return to England as king....

Abstract Our first clear sighting of the historical Chaucer is in the late 1350s, when he appears as a retainer, probably a page, of Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster and wife of Lionel, son of King Edward III. Lionel was involved in the English invasion of France in September 1359; at one point in this campaign Chaucer was captured, but soon ransomed. During the peace negotiations at Calais in October 1360, the prince paid him for carrying letters from there to England, which may mark the beginning of his career as international courier and diplomat. When he reappears from the mists of the period 1360–6, Chaucer may well be going about the royal family’s business: he is named as the recipient of a safe conduct through Navarre. In 1366 his father, a prosperous London wine merchant, died. And by 12 September of the same year he had married a certain ‘Philippa’, usually identified as Philippa de Roet, whose family (or at least father) had come to England from Hainault with Edward’s Queen Philippa.

Abstract 0n 29 April 1483 Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III) intercepted the 12-year-old King Edward V at Stony Stratford as he headed toward London for his coronation. On the following day Richard also arrested the king’s closest companions, chief among them Anthony Woodville (his maternal uncle), Richard Grey (his maternal half-brother), and his chamberlain, Thomas Vaughan. When the news reached London four days later, Elizabeth Woodville (Edward V’s newly widowed mother) immediately fled with her daughters and remaining son into the Sanctuary at Westminster Abbey. During the period between Elizabeth’s flight and Richard Ill’s death at Bosworth, the Ricardian and Woodville factions engaged in a political struggle for dynastic power which involved two competing versions of Elizabeth’s identity. In general, the Ricardians drew upon the prevailing ideology requiring female obedience to male authority and prohibiting female speech. Accusing her of the double crime of not only speaking (a woman naming herself rather than being named) but also of speaking falsely (naming herself queen and royal mother), they charged her with seditiously disrupting England’s social order by wrongfully inserting herself and her children into the royal dynastic chain.

Abstract Wilhelm Friedrich Herschel, eventually Sir William, was born in 1738 in Hanover, the son of a musician, in whose profession he was trained. At the age of 19 he travelled to England and soon established himself as a composer, conductor, teacher, and church organist in Bath. In 1766, he began to take a deep interest in astronomy and before long had built his own reflecting telescope. For this purpose he ground his own mirrors, fashioned from speculum, an alloy of copper and tin. Every spare moment, even during the intervals of concerts, Herschel would hasten to his workshop to put in a little time on his mirrors. The Astronomer Royal of the day, Nevil Maskelyne, invited to examine Herschel’s telescope in Bath, pronounced it superior to any in London. Before long Herschel had made a series of discoveries, above all that of a new planet, Uranus. He wanted to call it Georgium in honour of George III, but this was vetoed by the Royal Society. Herschel’s fame spread and soon the King summoned him to Windsor as his house astronomer. The two Hanoverians hit it off at once, and the King remained a faithful patron. During his career Herschel constructed at least 400 telescopes with his own hands. He searched the heavens and came upon many nebulae, which he rightly conjectured to consist of clusters of stars. He discovered two moons orbiting his planet, Uranus, and he was the first to observe the existence of double-stars—two stars conjoined in orbit about their common centre of mass.

The accession of Charles I exacerbated the tensions experienced between monarch and Parliament under James I and Herbert’s courtly career gradually faded following the deaths of the duke of Buckingham and earl of Pembroke. Chapter 13 examines Herbert’s attempts, after his return from France, to secure noble title, appointment to the Privy Council, and payment of his long-overdue allowances. It explores his efforts, as old age approached, to retain a place for himself among the rising stars at court, carve out a role for himself as a member of the Council of War, avoid active involvement in parliamentary criticism of the royal prerogative, offer occasional (unsolicited) advice to the king, and reassert his authority in county government in Montgomeryshire and Shropshire. It looks at his extensive remodelling of Montgomery Castle to provide a fashionable country house appropriate to his rank, his use of prestigious rental properties in London, and his efforts to increase the income derived from his neglected estates in England, Wales, and Ireland. It charts his difficult relationship with his wife and adult children and neglect of his patriarchal responsibilities, including his failure to marry his daughter and his longstanding dispute with his eldest son, Richard, over his allowance, debts, and inheritance of his mother’s estates. It briefly probes Herbert’s unsuccessful attempt to remarry in the late 1630s.

This brief chapter looks at the reburial of King James’s mother, Mary, Queen of Scots. The king ordered that her body be exhumed from Peterborough Cathedral, where it had lain since 1587, and that it be moved to Westminster Abbey. The body moved in darkness through London’s streets on 8 October 1612. The chapter discusses the vexed relationship between son and mother, whom he knew only through letters and reports. But in late fall, she moved into Westminster Abbey to be placed in an elaborate tomb, opposite and clearly rivaling the one for Queen Elizabeth. At last James appeared to be a dutiful son.

Abstract James’s right to the English throne was dubious, but the proclamation announcing his accession was worded to present him as the hereditary, not elected, successor to Elizabeth. However, immediate reactions outside London revealed doubts about the legality of his title, while printed works expressed confusion about the nature of his right. Moreover, despite the council’s careful management of the accession, uncertainties and anxieties remained over possible changes in policy and personnel under the new king. In Ireland, Catholics mounted demonstrations of their faith in order to propel the new regime into accepting a change in religion. Although James’s progress to London was presented in print as a public relations triumph, it hampered efficient government and gave rise to criticisms. Anna’s progress to London followed a conflict with her husband over the guardianship of their son Henry from which she emerged victorious but at the cost of a miscarriage.

Rudyard Kipling’s stories for children Puck of Pook’s Hill and Rewards and Fairies were first published in 1906 and 1909–10 respectively. In these stories, Puck (Shakespeare’s Puck of A Midsummer’s Night’s Dream and the last ‘fairy’ to survive in England) meets two children, Dan and Una, in the Sussex countryside where they live in the early twentieth century. Puck introduces the children to various historical characters—a Roman Centurion, a Norman Knight, and so on—who tell them stories about the past, and in particular the history of their locality. In these stories it is the land itself that is the bearer of historical meaning, as revealed by Puck and these messengers from the past. Indeed, time and space are seen to be inseparable, since a place and its features are often literally constituted by what has happened there. ‘Puck’s Song’, the opening poem of Puck of Pook’s Hill, makes this connection plain:… See you the dimpled track that runs, All hollow through the wheat? O that was where they hauled the guns That smote King Philip’s fleet . . . Puck reveals to the children the antiquity of some of the landscape’s features:… See you our little mill that clacks, So busy by the brook? She has ground her corn and paid her tax Ever since Domesday Book…. Sometimes it is a past that has left no trace that Puck restores, through storytelling, to the landscape:… See you our pastures wide and lone, Where the red oxen browse? O there was a City thronged and known Ere London boasted a house…. Puck, who is thousands of years old (‘the oldest Old Thing in England’), is the witness of the history of the British Isles since ‘Stonehenge was new’, and has an epic memory. All of history is available to him, both impossibly distant yet immediately present in his mind, as it is in the landscape he inhabits, which bears the marks of the past. The figure of Puck is a literary device through which Kipling could liberate himself from the limitations of written history, for within the frame of the stories, Puck’s testimony as the witness of time—however fanciful—is indisputable.

Статья посвящена участию Ричарда Фокса, в бытность его епископом Даремским, в управлении англо-шотландским пограничьем. Земли, граничащие с Шотландией, доставляли серьезное беспокойство Лондону. Фокс был одним из наиболее верных сторонников Генриха VII, поэтому его назначение в Даремскую епархию преследовало цель поставить северные земли под более жесткий контроль короны. Даремская епархия всегда играла важную роль в управлении пограничных земель и их обороне. Даремский палатинат служил источником пополнения как для войск, так и для гражданской администрации. За время своего пребывания на севере Фокс проявил себя не только как гражданский, но и военный администратор. Он получил посты в пограничной администрации, должности в местной системе управления. Епископ служил посредником между персоналом пограничной администрации и монархом. Принял Фокс участие и в столкновениях с шотландцами, венцом которых стала оборона замка Норэм. Кроме того, он регулярно принимал участие в переговорах с шотландцами. Фокс сыграл важную роль в успехе переговоров о браке шотландского короля с английской принцессой Маргаритой. Деятельность Ричарда Фокса, епископа Даремского в управлении пограничными землями демонстрирует особенности королевской политики в северных землях при первом Тюдоре. Генрих VII предпочитал в проблемных регионах обращаться к помощи доверенных людей, зачастую не имеющих связей с местными элитами. Представители духовенства в этом плане обладали рядом преимуществ. Они были значительно меньше окружены родственниками и в большей степени зависели от монарха. Высокая степень доверия со стороны короля позволила епископу превратиться в фактического наместника короны в Нортумберленде. Должности в пограничной администрации, равно как и в различных местных комиссиях только легализовали данное положение дел. This article focuses on Richard Fox's involvement as Bishop of Durham in the management of the Anglo-Scottish border. The lands bordering Scotland were a serious worry for London. Fox was one of Henry VII's most loyal supporters, and his appointment to the Diocese of Durham was to bring the north more firmly under Crown control. The Diocese of Durham had always played an important role in administering and defending the borderlands. Durham Palatine served as a source of replenishment for both troops and civil administration. During his time in the north, Fox proved himself not only a civilian but also a military administrator. He secured posts in border administration, posts in local government. The bishop mediated between the staff of the border administration and the monarch. Fox also took part in battles with the Scots, culminating in the defence of Norham Castle. He was also regularly involved in negotiations with the Scots. Fox was instrumental in the successful negotiation of the marriage between the King of Scotland and Princess Margaret of England. The activity of Richard Fox, Bishop of Durham, in administering the borderlands shows the peculiarities of royal policy in the north under the first Tudor. Henry VII preferred to enlist the help of trusted men in troublesome regions, often with no links to local elites. The members of the clergy had many advantages in this regard. They were far less surrounded by relatives and more dependent on the monarch. The high degree of royal confidence allowed the bishop to become the de facto vicar of the Crown in Northumberland. Positions in border administration, as well as in various local commissions, only legitimized this state of affairs.