Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Karcinom mléčné žlázy“

Introduction: Breast cancer still remains the most common malignancy in women and its incidence is slowly increasing. A marked reduction of mortality has been achieved in the last 10 years thanks to modern diagnostic methods, mammary screening, and comprehensive and targeted cancer therapy. Modern diagnostic capabilities not only allow early diagnosis of a primary tumor lesion and precise determination of its biological nature before commencing treatment, but they also enable early diagnosis of local and regional recidives, including diagnosis of metastases in distant organs. In addition to clinical examination, conventional and complementary imaging examinations and tumor markers our objective was to determine the importance and use of growth factors in relation to the overall prognosis. The growth factors physiologically act already during the ontogenetic period when they control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic processes. It is known that they take part in the tumor growth processes which are characterized by autonomous behavior, increased proliferative activity, distinct differentiation activity and reduced apoptosis. Growth factors work as autoregulation factors in the neoplastic process as well as through their paracrine effects mediated by more or less specific receptors....

Breast cancer is the most common cancer type with a high annual death rate. Finding meaningful tissue-related or body-fluid-accessible biomarkers is necessary to characterize cancer subtype, predict tumor behavior, choose the most effective therapy, predict severe treatment-related toxicities, and also the opportunity to personalize treatments for each patient. There is increasing evidence that various kallikrein-related peptidases (Klk) gene family members can modulate the immune response and are differentially regulated in breast cancer, and therefore are proposed to be potential prognostic biomarkers. This work established and validated an experimental setup to study the roles of selected kallikrein-related peptidases (KLK5, KLK7, KLK14) in breast cancer in vivo using gene-deficient mouse models previously generated in our laboratory. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) editing system to generate several E0771 cell line-based reporter and gene-deficient cell lines. These allowed enhanced monitoring of cancer progression in vivo and studying KLKs roles in tumor immune microenvironment of C57Bl/6N mice. Finally, we present the analysis of the initial in vivo experiments using these tools combined with established Klk-deficient mouse models. Our...

The role of selected molecules in biologic behaviour of human breast cancer Abstract Ondřej Gojiš In human breast cancer the rate of immunohistochemical discordance between primary tumour and secondary deposits were reported to range from 28% - 42% for ER and was 17% for PgR. Depending on the study and techniques utilized, discordance rates of Her2 ranged between 0% - 37%. It has been showed that PAX2 competes with SRC-3 for binding and regulation of HER-2 transcription. Human breast cancers that were PAX2 positive and SRC-3 negative had the lowest recurrence rate, and the relationship between PAX2 and SRC-3, with regard to levels that determine relapses, were found to be inversely dependent. This suggests a transcriptional link between the two subtypes of breast cancer, namely ER positive and HER2 positive tumors. Immunohistochemical profiles were performed for 30 metastatic deposits using antigens for SRC3, Pax2, ER, PgR, Her2, CK5/6, Ki67 and EGFR. SRC-3 was positive in 66.6% of cases and Pax2 in 73.3%. No correlation was observed between the patient's age, cancer grade, histotype, lymphatic node status, and protein expression. Using all seven antigens, the primary tumor's protein expression differed from that of the brain deposits in 13 cases out of 14 (93%). Constant expression of SRC3 and Pax2 was...

Biological diversity of cancer cells isolated from breast carcinoma samples has been studied by in vitro exposure to cytotoxic agents. Primary cells from individual primary breast tumours and malignant effusions were in the first phase of the study used for experimental assessment of chemosensitivity/resistance using the standard MTT assay. Cytotoxic effects after short-term cultivation with antineoplastic drugs were evaluated. In several approachable cases relation to the clinical course of the disease was followed; in 4 out of 7 cases good correlation was found. The effect of combination of two cytotoxic drugs on cell viability was studied on EM-G3 cells, showing interesting results with some drug combinations (e.g. combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin resulted in a lower effect than cisplatin alone). Possibility of cell chemosensitisation by tamoxifen pretreatment was tested. Very low chemosensitisation effects of tamoxifen were observed. As a model cell population for diversification development study a new clonal cell line, EM-G3, was established. The EM-G3 line was derived from a primary lesion of human infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. The EM-G3 represents a unique, spontaneously immortalized clonal cell line, evidently derived from premalignant progenitors of breast carcinoma. The cells are...