Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Kapok industry“

Protein Digestibility of Kapok Seeds in Vitro for Fish Feed Kapok seeds is a by-product of agricultural industry having potential to be used as raw material for fish feed as a source of protein and essential fats. The content of the protein in the kapok seed flour is 28 – 34 % that is an overwhelming amount to be a great source of protein for fish feed. Feasibility studies are needed, however, the use of kapok seed based on the digestibility of the protein. Pepsin with concentrations of 0.02; 0.2; and 2 % (in 0.075 N HCl solution) kapok seed flour added in three repetitions to test the digestibility of kapok seed invitro. Undigested protein was then analyzed using the kjeldahl method. Determination optimal concentration of pepsin was calculated based on the remaining undigested proteins (pepsin indigest) and compared the amount of protein digestibility of proteins obtained before (pepsin digest). The research results revealed that to digestibility of protein on concentration of 0.02; 0,20 and 2,0 % was 64,43; 68,42; 65,33%. Statistical test Anova revealed any significant differences of treatment respectively of protein digestibility. Test of Least Square Difference (LSD) stated that each treatment significantly different. Concentration optimum of enzyme that givethe best digestibility value was 0.20 % digestibility values 68,43% in the level of error 0.05.Keywords : Kapok seed flour, protein, pepsin, invitro, optimum digestibility, proximate analysis ABSTRAK Biji kapuk merupakan hasil samping industri pertanian yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan bahan baku pakan ikan sebagai sumber protein dan sumber lemak esensial. Komposisi protein pada tepung biji kapuk sebesar 28‑34% adalah jumlah yang sangat potensial untuk dijadikan sumber protein bagi pakan ikan. Akan tetapi diperlukan kajian kelayakan penggunaan biji kapuk berdasarkan kecernaan protein.Pepsin dengan konsentrasi 0,02; 0,2; dan 2%(larutan dalam HCl 0,075 N) ditambahkan pada tepung biji kapuk dengan tiga kali pengulangan untuk menguji kecernaan biji kapuk secara invitro. Protein yang tercerna kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode kjeldahl. Penentukan konsentrasi pepsin optimal dihitung berdasarkan sisa protein yang tidak tercerna(pepsin indigest) dan dibandingkan jumlah protein awal sehingga didapatkan kecernaan protein (pepsin digest).Hasil penelitian menyatakan kecernaan protein pada konsentrasi 0,02;0,2%;dan 2% berturut turut 64,43; 68,42; 65,33%. Uji statistik Anova menyatakan setiap perlakuan memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kecernaan protein. Uji Least Square Difference (LSD) menyatakan setiap perbandingan perlakuan berbeda. Konsentrasi enzim optimum yang memberikan nilai kecernaan terbaik adalah 0,20% (68,43%) pada tingkat kesalahan 0,05.Kata kunci: Tepung biji kapuk, protein, pepsin, invitro, kecernaan optimum, proksimat

Kapok fiber (Ceiba pentandra) belongs to a group of natural fibers that are mainly composed of cellulose, lignin, pectin, and small traces of inorganic compounds. These fibers are lightweight with hollow tubular structure that is easy to process and abundant in nature. Currently, kapok fibers are used in industry as filling material for beddings, upholstery, soft toys, and nonwoven materials. However, kapok fiber has also a potential application in the adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions and dyes from aqueous systems. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review about the recent developments on kapok fiber composites including its chemical properties, wettability, and surface morphology. Effective and innovative kapok fiber composites are analyzed with the help of characterization tools such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. Different pre-treatment methods such as alkali and acid pre-treatment, oxidation pre-treatment, and Fenton reaction are discussed. These techniques are applied to enhance the hydrophilicity and to generate rougher fiber surfaces. Moreover, surface modification and synthesis of kapok fiber-based composites and its environmental applications are examined. There are various methods in the fabrication of kapok fiber composites that include chemical modification and polymerization. These procedures allow the kapok fiber composites to have higher adsorption capacities for selective heavy metal and dye removal.

<p> </p><p><em>This research is due to the problems in Jorong Batu Limbak related to the problem of making the cotton industry. For the people of Jorong Batu Limbak, the kapok handicraft industry is an industrial activity that must be developed so that people's economic resilience can be increased. This industry initially only processed cottonwood, but in its development there was a business making casual mattresses, dolls and others. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the creativity of the kapok industrial product creativity on the economic resilience of the community in Jorong Batu Limbak. The research method used in this study is field research with a quantitative approach. The sample of this research is cotton entrepreneurs who innovate and creativity in the cotton industry. technical analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. these findings reveal that Innovation and Creativity in the Kapok Industry in Jorong Batu Limbak have a significant influence on the economic resilience of the community as evidenced by the results of multiple linear regression Y = 12,962 + 0,22X1 + 0,628X2 + e. There is a positive influence between Product Innovation and product creativity on Community Economic Security, which is 51.2%</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p> </p>

The use of indigo carmine dye in the textile industry is a source of pollution for the environment. The presence of dye pollutants in the environment can threaten the health of living creatures and the sustainability of the ecosystem. This research uses kapok husk biosorbent modified with snail meat. Previously, research on adsorption was carried out on metals and cationic dyes from kapok husk, then in this research adsorption was carried out using the batch method to adsorb anionic dyes. The biosorbent modification process using snail meat aims to add active sites in the form of functional groups to the biosorbent to optimize the dye adsorption capacity. The contact objective of this research is to determine the heating time and temperature conditions for optimal adsorption of indigo carmine using the batch method. The research results showed that the adsorption capacity was at optimum conditions for the adsorption of indigo carmine at a contact time of 60 minutes and a temperature of 25°C.

There is a need to address the gap between the theoretical benefits and cost-efficient production of supercapacitors in the market in order to sway the preference of the industry from the current perishable energy sources and storage. More extensive exploration of sustainable fabrication methods and materials used for renewable energy storage are just some of the factors that would decrease this gap. A binder-free supercapacitor electrode made of NiCo2O4 and carbonized kapok fiber paper (CKFP) was successfully fabricated by hydrothermal process at relatively low temperatures. NiCo2O4 urchin-like structures were deposited on the surface of carbon fiber paper (CFP) and CKFP. XRD analysis confirmed the successful conversion of kapok fiber paper to CKFP after pyrolysis, as well as the growth of pure spinel NiCo2O4 nanostructures on CFP and CKFP. The cyclic voltammetry curves showed that the CFP-NiCo2O4 prepared at 140 °C had the highest specific capacitance of 143.51 Fg-1 at 2 mVs-1. The CKFP-NiCo2O4 synthesized at the same temperature yielded slightly higher specific capacitance of 146.29 Fg-1 at 2 mVs-1, and 508 Fg-1 at 0.5 Ag-1.

Limbah cair percetakan merupakan hasil dari kegiatan industri percetakan yang dapat mencemari lingkungan air dan tanah dengan cara melepaskan nitrat dan logam-logam berat yang terkandung didalamnya salah satunya yaitu timbal. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan kadar timbal (Pb) adalah dengan menggunakan adsorben. Adsorben yang paling banyak digunakan adalah karbon aktif. Ada beberapa bahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan karbon aktif seperti kulit singkong, amapas tebu dan kulit pisang kepok yang mengandung selulosa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan efektivitas karbon aktif terhadap penurunan kadar timbal limbah cair percetakan yang dibuat dengan variasi bahan yaitu kulit singkong, ampas tebu dan kulit pisang kepok. Desain penelitian ini berbentuk Pre-Experimental Design dengan metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom untuk menentukan kadar timbal (Pb) pada limbah cair percetakan. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah limbah cair percetakan yang dihasilkan dari sembilan percetakan yang berada di Kabupaten Sintang. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 27 sampel yang terdiri dari limbah cair percetakan yang belum ditambahkan karbon aktif dan limbah cair percetakan yang sudah ditambahkan dengan karbon aktif yang dibuat dari kulit singkong, kulit pisang kepok dan ampas tebu. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dengan penambahan karbon kulit singkong, karbon ampas tebu dan karbon kulit pisang kepok didapatkan presentase penurunan sebesar 82,35%, 64,70% dan 52,94% dari kadar timbal (Pb) sebelum perlakuan. Penurunan kadar timbal (Pb) yang paling baik adalah dengan penambahan karbon aktif kulit singkong dengan presentase penurunan sebesar 82,35% dari rata-rata kadar timbal (Pb) 0,17 mg/L menjadi 0,03 mg/L. Berdasarkan uji Anova diperoleh nilai signifikasi dengan p-value = 0,000. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan efektivitas kulit singkong, kulit pisang kepok dan ampas tebu sebagai karbon aktif dalam menurunkan kadar timbal limbah cair percetakan. Kata kunci: Pencemaran lingkungan, Kadar timbal, Kulit singkong, Ampas tebu, Karbon aktif Printing liquid waste is the result of printing industry activities which can pollute the water and soil environment by releasing nitrates and heavy metals contained therein, one of which is lead. Efforts that can be made to reduce levels of information (Pb) are to use adsorbents. The most widely used adsorbent is activated carbon. Several materials can be used as active carbon materials, such as cassava peels, sugarcane pulp, and kapok banana peels containing cellulose. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of activated carbon in reducing lead levels in printing liquid waste made with various materials, namely: cassava peel, sugarcane bagasse, and kapok banana peel. The research design is a Pre-Experimental Design with the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method to determine the levels of lead (Pb) in printing wastewater. The population in this study was printing liquid waste generated from nine printing houses in Sintang District. The number of samples used was 27 consisting of printing liquid waste that had not been added activated carbon and printing liquid waste that had been added with activated carbon made from cassava peels, kapok banana peels, and sugarcane bagasse. The results showed that with cassava peel carbon, bagasse carbon, and kapok banana peel carbon, the percentage of lead (Pb) before treatment decreased by 82.35%, 64.70%, and 52.94%. The best reduction in lead (Pb) levels was the addition of activated carbon from cassava peels, with a reduction percentage of 82.35% from an average lead (Pb) content of 0.17 mg/L to 0.03 mg/L. Based on the ANOVA test, a significance value was obtained with p-value = 0.000. It was concluded that there were differences in the effectiveness of cassava peels, kapok banana peels, and bagasse as activated carbon in reducing lead levels in printing wastewater. Keywords: Environmental pollution, Lead content, Cassava peel, Sugarcane bagasse, Activated carbon

The purpose of this study is to analyze the advantages of plantation commodities in Jambi Province. Shift-Share Analysis and Location Quotient Analysis were used to analyze data. The research results conclude several things. First, there are the comparative advantages of oil palm and rubber throughout Jambi. Second, rubber and palm oil in the commodity base sector in Kerinci, Merangin, Batang Hari, Bungo; coffee and cinnamon are the base sectors in Kerinci, Merangin, Sorolangun; and, chocolate in Bungo and Kerinci. Third, palm oil and rubber are dominant and their growth potential in all areas in Jambi; coffee, cinnamon, cocoa plantations are dominant and their growth potential are in Kerinci, Merangin, Bungo; and, clove, coconut, areca nut, candlenut, kapok, sugar palm, vanilla, sugar cane, patchouli are less developed. Finally, there are three clusters oriented towards ease of market access, proximity of raw materials and availability of labor.

Indonesia is a country in tropic area so there are many variatif natural materials. The potency of natural material is a plant which produce fiber for textile industry. The raw textile material in Indonesia are cotton, kapok, rami, rosella, banana and pineapple. Dental treatment use fiber for fiber reinforced composite (FRC) to make denture, dental splinting, post, restoration and retainer. Fiber dental material is a synthetic material imported from other country, some of them doesn’t environment friendly. Many country concern of go green program to save the earth. Fiber reseach must do to find composition,strength, and suitable for dental appliance. Study for the new fiber will done in order to make cheap fiber, last longer and biodegradable material.

Sumurdalam Village is a village located in Besuk Subdistrict, Probolinggo Regency. The village of Sumurdalam is well-known as a mattress producing village which is a home industry. Villagers of Sumurdalam market their production of mattresses, pillows and bolsters with three marketing techniques, namely: Supplying manufactured goods to areas that have become their regular customers (for example: maron, drainage, shallow, etc.) markets, peddling around, and receiving orders from customers. Technology is developing rapidly and widely. One proof of the development of technology is the creation of online-based sales applications. Kapok entrepreneurs in the village of Sumurdalam have not applied this sales strategy. So, by utilizing existing technology, we are collaborating with partners in the Sumurdalam Village to introduce sales of cotton based products online. The online store application that we apply, namely Shopee, Bukalapak, and Tokopedia.

Introduction: The cotton processing industry is an industry that produces cotton dust during the production process. Workers are at risk of exposure to cotton dust, if inhaled and accumulated in the body will cause inflammation that causes an increase in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) serum. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between the use of personal protective equipment and worker characteristics that can cause an increase in serum CRP of workers before and after work in the cotton processing industry. Methods: This was observational research with a prospective longitudinal design. Respondents in this study were 11 workers in Bandrek village, Mojotengah, Pasuruan. Data collection of worker characteristics was done by interview and observation. Personal dust content data was collected using a personal dust sampler (PDS) with gravimetric calculation methods. increase in CRP data collection using blood specimen collection before and after and conducted laboratory testing using i-chroma reader. Measurement of average dust levels of 5.49 mg / m3. Result: There was no significant correlation between personal dust level (p = 0.324) and the use of PPE (p= 0,925) with the increase in CRP serum levels. There was a significant correlation between the ages of workers (p = 0.005), years of service (p = 0.006), and length of work (p = 0.004) with the increase in CRP serum level. Conclusion: The older the workers, the longer the working period and the longer the working hour, the higher the increase of CRP serum level would be.