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1
Harrison, Mark Edward. „Orangutan feeding behaviour in Sabangau, Central Kalimantan“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/237472.
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Detailed studies of energy/nutrient acquisition and food selection have been completed for both African apes and orangutans in mast-fruiting dipterocarp forests, but, to date, no studies of this type have been completed on orangutans in non-masting forests, which experience more muted fluctuations in fruit availability. Such studies may be instructive in understanding whether the observations on orangutans in masting habitats are specific to orangutans, or specific only to orangutans in masting habitats. To investigate this, orangutan diet composition, energy intake, food selection and behaviour were studied in relation to orangutan fruit/flower availability, and chemical and non-chemical food properties, in the Sabangau peat-swamp forest, Central Kalimantan from July 2005-June2007. All data were collected using standard methods, and comparisons made with published data on orangutans in mast-fruiting habitats and on African apes. Orangutan fruit availability in Sabangau was lower and less variable than in the masting forests of Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan. Daily energy intake was below requirements in most months, and similar to periods of very low food availability between mast-fruiting events in Gunung Palung. Mechanisms through which orangutans may have survived this prolonged energetic shortfall are suggested. In addition, unlike in Gunung Palung, where energy intake and fruit availability are tightly linked in both sexes, the only age-sex class in which energy intake in Sabangau was related to fruit availability was flanged males. Although selection of preferred vs. fall-back food types in Sabangau appears to be governed at least partially by the expected rate of energy returns, fruit and flower selectivity rank appears better explained by food quality: the best multivariate model of adult female fruit selectivity rank contained only protein/fibre ratio, and bivariate correlations between fruit-pulp selectivity rank and protein/fibre ratio were also significant for flanged males. Furthermore, adult female and flanged male fruit selectivity rank was negatively affected by fibre, weight or energy intake in at least one bivariate analysis. This is suggested to represent selection against ingestion of large amounts of relatively indigestible fibre, and implies that maximising dietary quality, rather than energy intake, as has been suggested in masting forests in Borneo, may be the optimal feeding strategy for orangutans in habitats where fruit quality is relatively poor and/or fruit availability is relatively consistent. Finally, compared to orangutans in Bornean masting forests, Sabangau orangutans exhibit a relative lack of modifications in nonfeeding behaviours in response to reductions in preferred food availability. These results suggest that, compared to masting forests in Borneo, lower mean quality and quantity of fruit, and lower variability in these parameters, in the Sabangau peat swamps leads to important differences in feeding behaviour between these habitat types. When compared to data on orangutans in other sites and African great apes, these observations are compatible with a graded-response hypothesis, in which the less predictable the availability of high-energy fruit in a site: (1) the stronger the relationship between fruit availability, fruit consumption and energy intake, (2) the more food is selected based on energy content, and (3) the stronger the influence of fluctuations in fruit availability on behaviour and, ultimately, probably also female reproduction. The implications of these findings are discussed.
2
Davidson, Jamie Seth. „Violence and politics in West Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10787.
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3
Soetarno, Djoko. „Minéralisation uranifère dans le bassin de la Kalan, Kalimantan (Indonésie) : géologie et géochronologie“. Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10129.
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Le bassin de la Kalan est situe sur le versant nord des monts Schwaner dans la partie orientale de la province ouest Kalimantan. Les minéralisations uranifères se rencontrent dans les metapelites schisteuses et dans les metasiltites qui ont subi à la fois un métamorphisme régional et un métamorphisme de contact. De telles minéralisations se situent dans les ouvertures des plans de schistosité de direction n 80e a n 90e et sont souvent associées à des filons quertzo-feldspathiques à tourmalines. Les uraninites de la galerie de Remaja se sont mises en place il y a 151 m. A et celles du Rirang 140 m. A. L'age de formation de brannerites n'a pas pu être précisément déterminé, il se pourrait qu'elle se soit mise en place il y a 150 m. A. La mise en place des minéralisations uranifères correspondrait au début de l'orogenèse Yenshanian et se manifesterait par des intrusions granitiques datées du jurassique supérieur au crétacé supérieur
4
Wellstead, K. James. „Evolving Governance Spaces: Coal Livelihoods in East Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19910.
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Coal mining carries significant impacts for surrounding livelihood practices. Yet, in order to explain how specific impacts become grounded within a particular community, attention must be given to the complex assemblage of socio-political and economic forces operating at the local scale. As such, this paper builds upon 3 months of field research in 2010 to describe the impact of decentralized extractive resource governance at coal mines near the rural coastal village of Sekerat, East Kalimantan. Employing evolutions in political ecology research, the analysis focuses on the evolving governance ‘space’ in order to explain how institutional analyses of resource extraction governance and livelihood governance can be integrated to understand how scalar processes construct a range of real and perceived impacts which condition the decision-making modalities of local villagers. A case is then made for giving greater consideration to the importance of temporality and materiality to explaining how land-based and wage-labour livelihood practices have become ‘reified’ within the local village.
5
Koizumi, Miyako. „Ethnobotany of the Penan Benalui of East Kalimantan, Indonesia“. 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/137065.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(地域研究)
甲第13410号
地博第47号
新制||地||16(附属図書館)
UT51-2007-Q811
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻
(主査)教授 小林 繁男, 准教授 岩田 明久, 准教授 重田 眞義, 名誉教授 山田 勇
学位規則第4条第1項該当
6
Chambon, Bénédicte. „De l'innovation technique dans les sociétés paysannes : la diffusion de la monoculture clonale d'hévéa à Kalimantan Ouest, Indonésie“. Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10025.
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La monoculture clonale d'hévéa a été adoptée dans les plantations industrielles depuis les années 1930. C'est un objet technique complexe nécessitant une technicité que ne possèdent généralement pas les petits planteurs d'hévéas qui ont développé un système de culture extensif et agroforestier. A partir de 1973, les pouvoirs publics indonésiens ont lancé plusieurs programmes de transfert de la monoculture clonale auprès des petits planteurs afin d'éliminer les freins techniques à sa diffusion. Ils s'adressent à une population hétérogène, notamment en terme d'ethnie. L'auteur analyse l'évolution de la technique en milieu paysan après l'intervention des projets de développement. La thèse prend plus particulièrement en compte les relations entre la technique, les programmes à l'origine de sa diffusion et les populations cibles. Bien que le rôle de l'environnement économique et institutionnel des exploitations hévéicoles ne doive pas être négligé, ce travail de recherche montre que les dynamiques d'adoption et d'appropriation de la technique sont largement déterminées par les croyances, les représentations, les savoirs et les savoir-faire accumulés au cours du temps par les différents groupes de paysansEstates have adopted rubber clonal monoculture since the 1930's. It is a complex technique that necessitates technicality ; smallholders who are used to extensive and agroforestry system do not generally have the technicality required. In 1973, the Indonesian public authorities launched several programmes of transfer of clonal monoculture to smallholders in order to eliminate the technical barriers to its diffusion. They are addressed to an heterogeneous population, in particular in term of ethnic group. The author analyses the technological changes after development projects implementation. This thesis focuses on the relations between the technique, the programmes of rubber clonal monoculture diffusion and the target population. .
7
Sidi, Franciscus Hasan. „Sequence stratigraphy, depositional environments, and reservoir geology of the middle-Miocene fluvio-deltaic succession in Badak and Nilam Fields, Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
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8
au, K. Stenross@murdoch edu, und Kurt Stenross. „The Seafarers and Maritime Entrepreneurs of Madura: History Culture and Their Role in The Java Sea Timber Trade“. Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070820.113540.
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The seafaring people of Madura, situated off the northeastern coast of Java, are one of the
leading maritime groups in the Indonesian archipelago. They have played a major role in
indigenous shipping, and since the second half of the nineteenth century their importance in
this field has been second only to that of the Bugis and Makassarese. With their strong
maritime orientation and outward economy, the coastal Madurese contrast strongly with the
agricultural orientation of their near neighbours, the Javanese and the Balinese.
The first part of this thesis presents the Madurese in historical context vis-his the
Javanese and the maritime groups of Sulawesi. It then considers the various historical and
cultural-ecological factors which predisposed the coastal Madurese toward seafaring as a
livelihood, and which enabled them to eclipse their former rivals along the north coast of
Java. The main seafaring centres of Madura during the twentieth century are identified, with
these being in three distinct locations: the northwest coast, the southwest coast, and the
eastern islands of Madura. Special attention is paid to the two major commodities carried by
traditional Madurese vessels, salt and cattle, leading up to a more detailed consideration of
the major transport commodity from the 1960s until the present, timber.
The second part of thesis focuses on the role of the Madurese in the Java Sea timber
trade. A key aspect of this account is the struggle between timber importers and the state.
The legal aspects of the movement of timber are explained, along with their economic
significance for importers and vessel operators, and the changing degree of compliance with
the law from the early 1970s to the much stricter enforcement after the mid-1990s. From the
late 1990s until 2003 the focus becomes closer to reveal the inner workings of the timber
trade, with special attention paid to the rise of 'wild' ports on the isolated north coast of
Madura, as well as the difficulties faced by many Madurese vessel operators after the ethnic
conflict in Central Kalimantan in 2001. The profitability and risks of the perahu operators
and timber traders are explained, and career profiles of several prominent individuals are
presented.
The study ranges widely in its setting, including maritime villages around Madura,
perahu ports in Java, and timber ports in Kalimantan. It concludes that the traditional
approach to business of the Madurese is no longer appropriate, and that diversification and
change of approach are now necessary. The maritime entrepreneurs of East Madura have in
this respect been more successful than their counterparts in West Madura, and it is suggested
that this difference is linked to historical differences between the two areas.
9
Mather, Robert Julian. „A field study of hybrid gibbons in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251801.
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10
Obidzinski, Krystof. „Logging in East Kalimantan, Indonesia the historical expedience of illegality /“. Proefschrift, [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/69436.
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11
Payenberg, Tobias H. D. „Paleocurrents and resevoir architecture of the middle Miocene channel deposits in Mutiara Field, Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
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12
Sau, Andi Adriana We Tenri. „Quantifying forest degradation and deforestation using Geographic Information System (GIS); a case study in the three provinces, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan and South-east Sulawesi, Indonesia“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8016.
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Forest degradation and deforestation have been pervasive problems in Indonesia and the country is placed second in terms of a high rate of tropical deforestation. Different definitions and different techniques have been used to quantify forest degradation and deforestation in Indonesia, and different factors have been detected as direct and underlying causes. However, almost no quantitative studies have been conducted to relate deforestation and forest degradation to the causes. This study quantifies the rate of forest degradation and deforestation between 2000 and 2009 in three provinces of Indonesia, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan and South East Sulawesi, as a case study.
A geographic information system (GIS) was used to generate geographic datasets to allow quantification; accompanied by a descriptive statistical analysis. Land cover in 2000 and 2009 was used as the basis of analysis. A national land use classification was aggregated into 10 different land use classes. Changes in land use between 2000 and 2009 allowed quantification of the rates of forest degradation and deforestation as well as the association between degradation and deforestation and potential causes.
Overall, 95% of primary forest degradation in South Kalimantan, 65% in East Kalimantan, and 46% in SE Sulawesi were associated with direct causes such as forest concessions, mining activities and the government-sponsored transmigration program. The selected direct causes explain 56% of secondary forest deforestation in South Kalimantan, 44% in East Kalimantan and 55% in SE Sulawesi.
Results of this study also show that forest degradation and deforestation occurred across the official forest areas. Almost 40% of forest degradation in South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan occurred in conservation forests and production forests respectively; while 57% of forest degradation in SE Sulawesi occurred in protected forests. Deforestation occurred 29% and 34% in the production forests of South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan respectively. In SE Sulawesi, 34% of deforestation occurred in watershed protection forests.
This study suggests that current practice in the forest resources management in Indonesia is not effective and efficient enough to mitigate and to halt forest degradation and deforestation. This is due to the lack of consistency in implementing forest land use policy, mistaken policy interventions, and non-synchronised policy between central and local governments. Policy reform is needed to conserve the remaining forest resources and mega-diversity of Indonesia.
13
Leaman, Danna Jo. „The medicinal ethnobotany of the Kenyah of East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo)“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10022.
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The hypothesis that plant materials are selected and valued for use in traditional remedies based on their biological activity was examined in the context of the health, culture, and environment of the Kenyah people of the Apo Kayan Plateau, East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. In an ethnobotanical survey conducted in three Kenyah villages in the Apo Kayan, 403 remedies involving 203 species of plants were documented. Locally important remedies and taxa were identified, and the distribution of knowledge within the Kenyah communities was evaluated using a new quantitative medicinal importance value index based on consensus. Plants with a high importance value as malaria remedies (IV$\rm\sb{mal}$) produced extracts that inhibited cultured Plasmodium falciparum more effectively than extracts of remedies with low IV$\rm\sb{mal}$ and control plants. Several species were identified for further research directed toward safe and effective treatments for malaria. The relationship between Kenyah selection of medicinal materials from the surrounding Apo Kayan flora according to locally defined plant attributes, their medicinal importance value (IV), and biological activity was investigated through field bioassays for larvicidal, antifungal, and phototoxic activity using brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach) and brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The distribution of biological activity within the medicinal flora suggests selection by the Kenyah for antifungal activity. Within the medicinally used flora, biologically active tissues are selected over inactive tissues. Biological activity is significantly related to medicinal importance value (IV) at the levels of plant part ($r\sp2 = .64;\ P .05$) and species ($r\sp2 = .64;\ P .01$), and selection frequency is significantly related to biological activity at the level of taxonomic superorder ($r\sp2$ =.32; P =.01). Primary and secondary forest species are exceptionally active. A model combining traditional science and modern science to identify priorities for research on safe and effective uses of traditional remedies, and conservation of medicinal plant and animal resources, is proposed.
14
Reed, Carl A. „Toward a contextualized worship among the Dyaks of West Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.
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15
Masripatin, Nur. „Modelling growth of a tropical rain forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7671.
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A study on modelling growth of individual trees in a tropical rain forest in East
Kalimantan of Indonesia using PT. ITCI and PT. INHUTANI I data was conducted with the main aims being to provide a tool for predicting growth and yield, and to offer recommendations to improve the planning of timber harvests and management of the forests.
Individual tree-based distance-independent modelling was the approach used to predict diameter growth of trees in the above forests. This approach was considered to be more applicable to selection cutting and planting system called TPTI (Tebang Pilih Tanam
Indonesia), the silvicultural system applied for achieving management goals at harvest in tropical rain forests in Indonesia.
Various ways for grouping species (using maximum attainable size and growth characteristics) were examined and different functional forms (linear models, probabilistic and modified beta functions, asymptotic nonlinear equations) were tested through several steps using PT. ITCI data. An empirical approach using the above characteristics was found to offer a useful way to aggregate species for PT. ITCI data. A modified form of the Gompertz projection equation which incorporated stand attributes and locality factors proved to be the best model among functional forms tested in this study. The modified Gompertz projection form was then used to model PT. INHUTANI I and the combined PT. ITCI/PT. INHUTANI I data, using the same criteria for species aggregation as for the PT. ITCI data (maximum attainable size and growth characteristics).
The overall best performance shown by the Gompertz projection equation (an asymptotic nonlinear equation) among the functional forms tested for PT. ITCI data, was the major contribution from this study to individual tree-based growth modelling research in tropical rain forests. Individual tree-based modelling in this type of forest, for reasons unknown has traditionally relied heavily on the use of linear models. Outcomes from modelling PT. ITCI, PT. INHUTANI I, and the combined PT. ITCI/PT. INHUTANI I data, provide useful insights into what further research is needed in modelling tropical rain forests in these two localities. Although the growth models developed in this study still require further improvements, these models offer a useful guide for improving silvicultural prescriptions which are currently based on an assumed tree diameter growth rate of 1 cm/year for commercial trees.
16
Venz, Oliver [Verfasser], und Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Seitz. „Die autochthone Religion der Benuaq von Ost-Kalimantan - eine ethnolinguistische Untersuchung“. Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1115813471/34.
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17
Mulki, Gusti Zulkifli. „Gestion des marais maritimes sur la côte Ouest de Kalimantan, Indonésie“. Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES1017.
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18
SASTRATENAYA, A. SARWIYANA. „Deformation et mobilite du megaprisme tectonique de pinoh-sayan (kalimantan, indonesie)“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13178.
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La region de pinoh-sayan est situee sur le flanc nord des monts schwaner en kalimantan, indonesie, ou se trouve le secteur de la kalan, bien connue en raison des travaux geologiques, miniers et geophysiques, entrepris pour la mise en valeur des indices et gisements uraniferes qu'elle renferme. Dans cette region de forte alteration tropicale, on a utilise les affleurements le long des nouvelles routes pour conduire une analyse precise de l'ensemble des elements structuraux. Grace aux recoupements, une chronologie de ceux-ci a pu etre etablie. L'etude des elements plans et lineaires synchrones est presentee essentiellement au moyen de la projection stereographique. On peut par ce moyen proposer une image de l'evolution cinematique qui est integree comparee aux donnees lineamentaires obtenues par l'examen des images satellites. On parvient ainsi, malgre la pauvrete des affleurements, a proposer une synthese geodynamique qui retrace l'evolution regionale qui s'echelonne du permien a nos jours. Deux ensembles structuraux sont reconnus. La couverture formee de sediments continentaux de melawi, d'age tertiaire, discordant sur le socle constitue de roches metasedimentaires (permo-carbonifere) intrudees par des tonalites d'age cretace inferieur et par des monzogranites cretaces superieurs. Dans la formation metasedimentaire, on a pu reconnaitre trois phases de deformation. La premiere qui est datee du trias, provoque le plissement de la stratification; elle s'accompagne d'un developpement de schistosite. La seconde d'age jurassique a cretace superieur, debute par une rotation antihoraire de 65 des structures preexistantes, au long du lineament de la kalan (ne-sw). Cette phase s'exprime par la deformation de la schistosite avec formation de plis d'axes pentes et coniques pour la plupart et par l'initiation d'un couloir de decrochement senestre (wsw-ene). La troisieme datant de la fin du cretace au miocene, provoque la reactivation des deux accidents majeurs precites, determinant une expulsion laterale du megaprisme tectonique qu'elles forment, alors que la couverture de l'avant-pays est plissee
19
Jafarsidik, Yusuf. „Regeneration of the forest after logging at Kintap, South Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321989.
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20
Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van. „Non-timber forest products of East Kalimantan potentials for sustainable forest use /“. Wageningen, The Netherlands : Tropenbos Foundation, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36674371.html.
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21
Jay, Sian Eira. „Shamans, priests and the cosmology of the Ngaju Dayak of central Kalimantan“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315898.
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22
Hall, Julia Clare. „Managing the tropical rain forest : swiddens, housegardens and trade in Central Kalimantan“. Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261434.
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23
Sumawinata, Basuki. „Pedological Studies on The Reclamation of Brackish Sediments in South Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Kyoto University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/182428.
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24
Patterson, Katherine-Anne V. Wadley Reed L. „Patterns of local mobility in an Iban community of West Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5748.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 2, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Reed Wadley. Includes bibliographical references.
25
Guerreiro, Antonio. „Min, maisons et organisation sociale : contribution à l'ethnographie des sociétés Modang de Kalimantan-Est, Indonésie“. Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHESA012.
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26
Setyawan, Dwi. „Soil development, plant colonization and landscape function analysis for disturbed lands under natural and assisted rehabilitation“. University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0117.
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[Truncated abstract] Spontaneous plant growth and soil development occur at disturbed sites with their extent and nature being variously affected by soil fertility status, local climate and topographic conditions. Soil-plant interactions can be diverse and site-specific within a disturbed landscape. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate soil characteristics and landscape indices in relation to natural plant growth and soil development under different conditions and for diverse materials. A comprehensive study has been carried out to evaluate spontaneous soil development and plant colonization on various regolith materials at a railway cutting near Jarrahdale bauxite mine and on various substrates comprising waste rock, weathered regolith and replaced topsoil at Scotia (Norseman, Western Australia) and Kelian (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). At Jarrahdale soil development has occurred slowly over 36 years in relation to morphological changes in surface horizons. Soils at several locations exhibit substantial changes in color, texture and structure. The slow soil development is primarily due to low biomass and litter contributions (˜1 Mg/ha) from colonizing plants (e.g. Dryandra sessilis, Eucalyptus marginata and low shrubs) on the cutting shelf and slow litter decomposition. Nutrient accumulation is up to 5 kg N/ha, and 0.5 kg/ha for P and K. Surface soil samples from Jarrahdale are generally acidic (pH < 5.1) and contain low concentrations of total soil carbon (20 g/kg) and nutrients of total nitrogen (0.73 g/kg), bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (bic-P) (< 2 mg/kg), bic-K (37 mg/kg) and total exchangeable bases (<1.1 cmol/kg, with 24 % base saturation). Soil properties at the Scotia waste dump are mainly associated with alkaline (mean pH = 9) and saline conditions (EC1:5 = 1.01 dS/m). Exchangeable base values are high with average concentrations of exchangeable Ca of 18 cmol/kg and exchangeable Mg of 6 cmol/kg, thus these elements are not a limiting factor for plant nutrition. Patchy plant growth on the waste dump is mostly related to differences in water availability in the arid region and to salinity such that halophytes (saltbushes Maireana and Atriplex) colonize many parts of the waste dump together with some Melaleuca and Eucalyptus species
27
Easterlita, Napitupulu Rasi Lucentezza. „Behaving Sociably. Sharing and cooperation among contemporary punan tubu in north Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/459237.
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El comportamiento prosocial, como compartir y cooperar, es una característica central del ser humano y también es considerada central en la estrategia adaptativa humana. Observaciones y estudios experimentales previos indican que las personas cooperan por diversas motivaciones, las cuales pueden diferir según el contexto. Esta tesis examina el compartir individual y el comportamiento cooperativo de una población de cazadores-recolectores con una fuerte tradición de compartir, los Punan Tubu. Se pregunta cómo este comportamiento cambia a medida que esta sociedad se integra cada vez más en la sociedad nacional indonesia y en el sistema económico de mercado, una situación relevante en muchos países en vías de desarrollo. Metodológicamente, combino observaciones del comportamiento diario recogidas mediante entrevistas a 118 adultos durante 18 meses de observación en dos pueblos, con resultados de dos experimentos de campo llevados a cabo con 212 adultos en siete pueblos con diferentes niveles de integración en el sistema estatal y la economía de mercado.
Las preguntas realizadas en los tres capítulos empíricos son: 1) ¿Cómo se relacionan los niveles individuales de integración en la economía de mercado y la sociedad nacional con una práctica prosocial, i.e., compartir, en una sociedad de pequeña escala?; 2) ¿Están las variaciones en compartir relacionadas con los diferentes niveles de integración en el mercado económico cuando se comparan a) observaciones e información experimental y b) se comparten diferentes productos?; y 3) ¿Hasta qué punto varían los niveles de compromiso en las políticas gubernamentales relacionadas con decisiones de cooperación en programas gubernamentales?
Los resultados de las observaciones empíricas de los comportamientos diarios sugieren que compartir, y más específicamente la demanda de compartir, es un comportamiento prominente entre los contemporáneos Punan Tubu. Más aún, compartir no está directamente relacionado con los niveles individuales de integración en el mercado económico, ni con la participación en programas de desarrollo nacional. Sin embargo, sí encontré la existencia de variaciones en la forma en que los productos alimenticios producidos localmente y comprados en el mercado son compartidos. Argumento que la variación en cómo los productos son compartidos depende de 1) su visibilidad, 2) su significado cultural, y 3) el reparto de las labores de trabajo seguido para producirlos u obtenerlos. La comparación entre compartir en las observaciones de la vida diaria y entre compartir en condiciones experimentales sugiere que los datos obtenidos mediante los dos métodos no están correlacionados, probablemente debido cada uno mide diferentes aspectos de compartir. En el tercer capítulo empírico, analizo el comportamiento cooperativo mediante un juego experimental enmarcado en torno a un programa gubernamental en vigor consistente en la construcción de viviendas que requería cooperación. Encontré que los individuos y los pueblos con experiencia en cooperación con personas más allá de sus familias (i.e., los que han participado previamente en programas gubernamentales) estaban más dispuestos a ejercer un comportamiento cooperativo en condiciones de anonimato.
Los resultados de esta tesis permiten avanzar en el entendimiento de cómo el compartir y la cooperación surgen en un contexto dinámico mediante una perspectiva interdisciplinar basada en una mezcla metodológica de descripción etnográfica, recogida de información de observaciones sistemáticas y juegos experimentales económicos. Esta tesis enfatiza la importancia de examinar la validación externa de juegos experimentales empleados para medir el comportamiento prosocial. Políticas orientadas a capitalizar el comportamiento cooperativo existente para estimular acciones colectivas comunitarias deberían tener en cuenta las condiciones específicas en los que el compartir y la cooperación se dan en un entorno real, ya que ignorarlos puede obstaculizar la consecución del objetivo deseado de comportamiento social.Prosocial behavior, such as sharing and cooperation, is a central characteristic of the human species and is thought to be human adaptive tendency. Previous observational and experimental studies indicate that people share and cooperate under various motivations, which might differ according to the context. This dissertation examines individual sharing and cooperative behavior in a population of contemporary hunter-gatherer group with a strong tradition of sharing, the Punan Tubu. It also question how increasing integration into the Indonesian national society and the market economic system is influencing their prosocial behavior, a situation that is relevant to many indigenous group in developing countries,. Methodologically, I combine observations from daily behavior collected through surveys among 118 adults over 18 months of observations in two villages; with, results from two framed field experiments played with 212 adults in seven villages (including the previous two) with different levels of integration into the state system and the market economy. The questions asked in the three empirical chapters are: 1) how individual levels of integration into the market economy and the national society relate to a prosocial practice, i.e., sharing, in a small-scale society?; 2) do variations in sharing relate to different levels of integration into the market economy when comparing a) observational and experimental data and b) the sharing of different products?; and 3) to what extent varying levels of involvement in development policies relate to decisions to cooperate in government programs? Results from empirical observations of daily behavior suggest that sharing, and more specifically demand sharing (i.e., requesting claim of food/resource), is a prominent behavior among contemporary Punan Tubu. Moreover, sharing is neither directly related to individual levels of integration into the market economy, nor to participation in national development programs. However, I also found that there are variations in the way locally-produced and market-purchased food products are shared. I argue that variation on how products are shared depends on 1) their visibility, 2) their cultural meaning, and 3) the division of labor followed to produce or obtain them. The comparison of sharing in daily life observations and sharing in experimental conditions suggest that data obtained through the two methods are not correlated, probably because each measures different aspect of sharing. In the third empirical chapter, I analyzed cooperative behavior through an economic game experiment, framed around an ongoing house building government program that required cooperation. I found that individuals and villages with experience cooperating with people beyond their kin (i.e., those who had previously participated in government programs) were more likely to display cooperative behavior under anonymous conditions. Findings from this dissertation advance the understanding of how sharing and cooperation arises in a dynamic context with an interdisciplinary perspective based on mix methodology of ethnographic description, systematic observational data collection and experimental economic game. This dissertation emphasizes the importance of examining the Aexternal validity of experimental games used to measure prosocial behavior. Policies aiming to capitalize on existing cooperative behavior to stimulate community collective action should take into account the specific conditions under which sharing and cooperation occurs in daily life setting, as ignoring them might hamper the achievement of the desired outcome of social behavior.
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Parsons, Sera. „Adult male orangutan ranging behaviours in Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38546.pdf.
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Auliya, Mark André. „Taxonomy, life history and conversation of giant reptiles in West Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo)“. Münster NTV, 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2807584&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Budiarso, Edy. „Zusammenhang zwischen anatomischen und physikalischen Holzeigenschaften und dem Trocknungsverhalten von Sekundärhölzern aus Kalimantan /“. [S.l. : s.n.], 1996. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/22162936X.pdf.
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Siregar, Rondang Sumurung Edonita. „Behavioural assessment of orang-utans during rehabilitation and reintroduction in East Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608437.
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Connell, Timothy M. „A Sketch Grammar of Matéq: A Land Dayak Language of West Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social and Political Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8912.
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Matéq is an Austronesian language of the Land Dayak (Bidayuhic) subgroup spoken by around
10,000–20,000 people in West Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. This thesis presents a sketch
grammar of the language based on linguistic fieldwork conducted from September 2012 to January
2013. Topics discussed in the sketch grammar include the geographic and social context of the
Matéq language, its phonology and elements of its morphosyntax. Major features of Matéq
phonology include the presence of both plain and prenasalised plosives, geminate nasals, and nasal
vowels that contrast with oral vowels in certain positions. In terms of morphosyntax, this study
shows that Matéq has two sets of personal pronouns which encode information about the
generational relationships between speech participants or referents. With respect to grammatical
voice, findings suggest that Matéq has five distinct voice constructions which can be distinguished
on the basis of their morphosyntactic and semantic properties. Each voice construction also tends to
have different pragmatic and TAM associations. This study also shows that Matéq has optional
subject marking with certain verbs, and has both continuous and discontinuous serial verb
constructions.
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Hadi, Andrey Krasovskii, Victor Maus, Ping Yowargana, Stephan Pietsch und Miina Rautiainen. „Monitoring Deforestation in Rainforests Using Satellite Data: A Pilot Study from Kalimantan, Indonesia“. MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9070389.
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Monitoring large forest areas is presently feasible with satellite remote sensing as opposed
to time-consuming and expensive ground surveys as alternative. This study evaluated, for the first
time, the potential of using freely available medium resolution (30 m) Landsat time series data for
deforestation monitoring in tropical rainforests of Kalimantan, Indonesia, at sub-annual time scales.
A simple, generic, data-driven algorithm for deforestation detection based on a consecutive anomalies
criterion was proposed. An accuracy assessment in the spatial and the temporal domain was carried
out using high-confidence reference sample pixels interpreted with the aid of multi-temporal very
high spatial resolution image series. Results showed a promising spatial accuracy, when three
consecutive anomalies were required to confirm a deforestation event. Recommendations in tuning
the algorithm for different operational use cases were provided within the context of satisfying REDD+
requirements, depending on whether spatial accuracy or temporal accuracy need to be optimized.
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Sunarminto, Bambang Hendro. „Étude de quelques sols sur roches ignées et volcaniques de Kalimantan centre, Indonésie“. Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10076.
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La prospection pédologique de la zone de piémont de monts Schawners dans la province de Kalimantan (Bornéo), Indonésie, a été effectuée par l'auteur et ses collègues de Gadjah Mada (l'UGM), du centre de recherche pédologique de Bogor et de L'orstom, entre 1980 et 1985. Onze profils ont été étudiés, sur cinq différentes roches mères, sur lesquelles on peut distinguer deux groupes de sols: 1) les sols humique haploperoxs (ferralsol humique, ferralitique humifère, sur andésites, granites et granodiorites et sur matériaux à haute densité; 2) les sols typiques humitropepts (cambisol humique, fersiallitique humifère), sur matériaux volcano-sédimentaires et pyroclastiques. Les valeurs élevées de la CEC dans les sols Kalimantan, correspondent aux caractéristiques minéralogiques des sols. Les minéraux secondaires 2:1 se trouvent en quantité assez importante de 8 à 17% dans le premier groupe de sols et encore plus, de 30 à 75% dans le deuxième groupe de sols. Tous les sols a kalimantan, ont des caracteres humiques avec une teneur cumulee en carbone dans le premier mètre du profil, voisine de 20 kg/m#2. Cette abondance de matière organique semble l'effet synergique d'une extrême désaturation en bases, d'une exceptionnelle richesse en aluminium extractible et d'une forte pluviosité
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Hadi, Hadi, Andrey Krasovskii, Maus Victor Wegner, Ping Yowargana, Stephan Pietsch und Miina Rautiainen. „Monitoring Deforestation in Rainforests Using Satellite Data: A Pilot Study from Kalimantan, Indonesia“. MDPI, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6418/1/forests%2D09%2D00389.pdf.
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Monitoring large forest areas is presently feasible with satellite remote sensing as opposed to time-consuming and expensive ground surveys as alternative. This study evaluated, for the first time, the potential of using freely available medium resolution (30 m) Landsat time series data for deforestation monitoring in tropical rainforests of Kalimantan, Indonesia, at sub-annual time scales. A simple, generic, data-driven algorithm for deforestation detection based on a consecutive anomalies criterion was proposed. An accuracy assessment in the spatial and the temporal domain was carried out using high-confidence reference sample pixels interpreted with the aid of multi-temporal very high spatial resolution image series. Results showed a promising spatial accuracy, when three consecutive anomalies were required to confirm a deforestation event. Recommendations in tuning the algorithm for different operational use cases were provided within the context of satisfying REDD+ requirements, depending on whether spatial accuracy or temporal accuracy need to be optimized.
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Abdul, Baten Mohammed. „Property rights in mangroves : A case study of the Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-50952.
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Mangroves represent an important source of livelihood for many poor people acrossthe world. However, insufficient policy responses relating to mangrove conservation,combined with the lack of clearly defined property rights contribute extensively to theconversion of mangroves to alternative uses, in particular shrimp aquaculture. On thebasis of relevant theoretical perspectives on property rights, this Master’s thesisanalyses various formal and informal institutions and existing governancemechanisms that determine natural resources management in the Mahakam delta, EastKalimantan, Indonesia. By employing a qualitative participatory research approachthe case study explores how different institutions in Indonesia shape the local propertyrights regime in mangroves. The results show that the interplay between formal andinformal institutions involved in defining property rights, along with the lack ofcoordination among responsible government agencies, has resulted in the clearing ofone of the largest Nypah forests in the world for shrimp pond construction withinthree decades. Moreover, the study suggests that the current problem of mangrovedestruction will not be solved merely by declaring the Mahakam delta as a protectedarea or by assigning full ownership rights to the local people. On the contrary, thestudy suggests that the coordination and enforcement mechanisms should be enhancedin such ways that they simultaneously address both local peoples’ needs as well asecosystem integrity.
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Anshari, Gusti Zakaria. „Late quaternary vegetation and environments in the Lake Sentarum Wildlife Reserve, West Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Monash University, School of Geography and Environmental Science, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9252.
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Danny, Wilistra. „Ecological and socio-economic interactions with fire in the forests of East Kalimantan Province“. Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327419.
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Nasir, Darmae. „Sustainable livelihood on peatland areas in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia : The land resources use option“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537615.
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Sulistiyanto, Yustinus. „Nutrient dynamics in different sub-types of peat swamp forest in central Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12597/.
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Nutrient dynamics of two sub-types of peat swamp forest, mixed swamp forest and low pole forest, in the upper catchment of the Sebangau River in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia were studied. Three permanent study plots, 50 x 50 m, were established in each forest sub-type to facilitate collection of throughfall, stemflow, litterfall, decomposition, above ground and below ground biomass, peat and water samples. Graphical presentation, Wilm's method, and analysis of variance were carried out for both sub-types of forest in order to analyse data to detect any significant differences. Rainfall is slightly acid (pH 5.96+0.35) with a predominance of NH4-N, Ca and K. Throughfall and stemflow are enriched in most elements analysed compared to rainfall and the pH values are lower. Throughfall pH is 4.76±0.33 in mixed swamp forest and 4.37±0.33 in low pole forest. Stemflow pH is 4.03±0.19 in mixed swamp forest and 3.57±0.11 in low pole forest. Greater litter production was obtained in mixed swamp forest (8,411 kg ha-1 yr-1) than in low pole forest (6,534 kg ha-1 yr-1). Dry weight of the different fractions of litterfall (leaves, branches, reproductive parts and other debris) for MSF and LPF were 6216,1246, 460 and 489 kg ha-1 and 4864,1251,169 and 251 kg ha-1, respectively. Decomposition rates (k) in the MSF and LPF are 0.396 yr-1and 0.285 yr-1 respectively. Above ground biomass in MSF and LPF are 313,899 and 252,547 kg ha-1 respectively, while below ground (root biomass) is 26,533 and 14,382 kg ha respectively. Nitrogen is the predominant nutrient in peat soil at 50 cm depth in both MSF and LPF, while manganese is the lowest. Calcium is the element in greatest amount in water run off in MSF and LPF at 8,15 and 7.15 kg ha-1 yr-1 respectively, while manganese was the lowest at 0.01 and 0.02 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Nutrient inputs were higher than nutrient losses during the 1-year study period with the greatest nutrient gain for calcium while manganese was the lowest in both sub-types of forest. Moreover, the results of this study highlight that nutrient concentrations in peat soils are low and the substrates are acidic. These factors are likely to be strongly limiting to agricultural development, including plantations of estate crops and trees. Under such conditions the maintenance of intact forest for natural ecosystem services (e. g. carbon storage, watershed, biodiversity maintenance, timber production in certain time period) is likely to be a far wiser land use from a long-term perspective.
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Warokka, Jeffry Sonny. „Studies on the etiology and epidemiology of Kalimantan wilt disease of coconut in Indonesia“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415755.
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Asdak, Chay. „Rainfall interception loss in the unlogged and logged forest areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11531.
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Interception loss, throughfall and stemflow were measured in the unlogged and logged forest areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia for a period of 18 months. This involved 55 rainfall events in the unlogged forest and 99 rainfall events in the logged-over forest areas, each corresponding to a single storm or to several storms. The Gash's analytical model and the Ratter physically-based model were used to estimate the sensitivity of interception loss to canopy structure and climatic parameters. The cumulative rainfall interception loss were found to be 11% and 6% of gross precipitation in the unlogged and logged forest areas, respectively. The model performance, at this stage, could not be further elaborated, since they are still tested and adapted to our field data.
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Hasudungan, Albert. „Political Ecology of Palm Oil Development in the Kapuas Hulu District of West Kalimantan“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18976.
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This thesis examines how the enrolment of local communities into the palm oil economy is constructing a particular, and complicated, mode of agricultural transformation. I look at the ways that local livelihoods are negotiated in response to diverse palm oil development pathways across three villages in the Kapuas Hulu district of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The thesis uses a political ecology approach to examine the ways agrarian communities adapt their local economic production and social relations in response to the forthright assertion of a capitalist economy upon their local landscape. I do this by examining: i) the multi-scalar institutional arrangements that shape agrarian change; ii) the processes through which land is made available for large-scale oil palm cultivation; and iii) the implications for local livelihoods and agrarian transformation. I apply ethnographic field work across three villages, with primary data collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, group discussion, and household economic survey. I argue that the broader institutional settings of the global value chain for palm oil provide a fundamental framework that limits and shapes possible livelihood pathways for rural communities in Kapuas Hulu. Buyer-driven governance structures also reach into Kapuas Hulu to provide market access opportunities and infrastructure development. I present a critical analysis of the political economy of palm oil that results in land dispossession and social differentiation in Kalimantan, but with a key contribution being the role played by customary Dayak elites in this process. However, I also find that the subjective well-being of many community members to have improved along with the expansion of oil palm, with many households generally appreciative of opportunities to participate and engage in smallholder oil palm production. Importantly, however, this only holds true when the nature of the engagement is on their own terms.
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Yanti, Nuri Dewi. „Sustainability analysis of farming systems in tidal swamplands : a case study in South Kalimantan, Indonesia“. University of Western Australia. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0218.
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[Truncated abstract] The initial success of the Green Revolution notwithstanding, the ability of our planet to produce sufficient food to support its growing population is causing growing concern. Indonesia, like many other countries, cannot produce sufficient rice to feed its people. This creates an imperative to import rice that Indonesia wishes to overcome. In addition, agricultural intensification has created ecological contamination from overuse and the mismanagement of chemical inputs. These problems threaten the sustainability of agricultural lands and Indonesia's ability to support national food selfsufficiency. The extension of agricultural lands is one alternative that has been implemented by the Indonesian government for more than two decades. Families from the crowded islands of Java and Bali have been translocated to the outer islands of Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. In South Kalimantan, the tidal swampland areas are one of the resettlement destinations; which are usually reclaimed for the purpose of increasing rice production. However, the difference between the natural characteristics, socialeconomics, language, and culture in South Kalimantan, compared with the homelands of the transmigrant farmers, has the potential to adversely affect the farming activities of both the transmigrant and the local indigenous farmers. This in turn might affect the sustainability of the tidal wetlands for agricultural production. It may also damage the ecological integrity of the coastal environment ... The research findings indicate that farming practices by the groups differed significantly. Similarly, there was a significant difference between the cultivation of traditional rice varieties and the HYV. Farming practices performed by the indigenous local farmers, who have lived in the swamplands for centuries, were more ecologically sustainable than those of their transmigrant counterparts in both of the tidal swamplands being assessed. Likewise, traditional (indigenous) rice variety cultivation appears to be more sustainable than the HYVs. Among the socio-economic and agronomic influences of the farming practices selected for statistical analysis, only the non-formal education variable had a significant impact on the sustainability index. Tidal swampland Type B has lower yields than Type A, but in both swampland types, indigenous farmers produce higher yields than the transmigrant farmers, while the HYV has a higher yield over the traditional one. Indigenous farmers received higher financial returns per ha compared to the transmigrant returns in tidal swampland Type A and Type B. The higher yields produced by the HYVs are not accompanied by a higher financial return per ha compared to the traditional variety. The conclusions of this research are that not only are indigenous farming practices more sustainable but that indigenous farmers achieve a higher overall output and higher returns per ha from their farming activities. Future research should be formulated to further investigate the implications for both increasing rice production and sustainability by extending the use of indigenous farming systems. The sustainability index developed in this research should be investigated for adaptation in other areas of Indonesia and possibly by other farming areas internationally.
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Sikumbang, Nafrizal. „Geology and tectonics of pre-Tertiary rocks in the Meratus Mountains, South East Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1986. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/0b87633a-607a-4c53-833e-d6da582d4955/1/.
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Between 1981 and 1982 the Banjarmasin Quadrangle in South-East Kalimantan was mapped by the Geological Research and Development Centre, Bandung at the scale of 1 : 250,000. This thesis reports the results of a follow-up study to the mapping programme, which was directed towards determining the age, origin and tectonic evolution of the Pre-Tertiary rocks which form the Meratus Mountains in the eastern part of the Banjarmasin Sheet. The study consists of detailed field-mapping of Pre-Tertiary rocks in well exposed river sections at the scale of 1:10,000. Measured sections of sedimentary units were made and all structural features were recorded. A comprehensive collection of rock samples was made for laboratory studies. Thin sections were used to determine the composition and origin of sedimentary and igneous rocks. Macro-and microfossils have been examined to determine the depositional environments and the ages of the sedimentary units. From these studies the Pre-Tertiary rocks are divided into a number of tectonostratigraphic units, whose age, origin, structural and tectonic evolution has been determined as far as possible. This information has been used to compile a synthesis of the tectonic development of the Meratus Mountains in the context of plate tectonics and the development of the western Indonesian region. Isotopic and palaeontological dating has shown that the units exposed in the Meratus Mountains range in age from Early Cretaceous to Early Palaeocene. The oldest unit is the Paniungan Formation of Berriasian to Barremian age. It grades upward into the Upper Barremian to Lower Aptian Batununggal Formation. These formations are interpreted as shelf to slope sediments. It is suggested that shortly after deposition, most parts of the shelf to slope sediments were juxtaposed by strike-slip faulting with oceanic crust now represented by the Meratus Ophiolite Complex. Subduction generated a calcalkaline volcanic arc which then collided with the Sunda continent in the Cenomanian time. This collision zone was disrupted and sliced by strike-slip faults, forming a pull-apart basin within it. The absence of Palaeocene to Lower Eocene deposits reflects uplift, subsequently followed by rifting, regional subsidence and deposition of an Eocene-Miocene transgressive sequence. The present configuration of the Meratus Mountains resulted from late Middle Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene tectonic events.
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Setiawan, Bambang. „Les lignees granitiques et les skarns mineralises en zn de longlaai est-kalimantan (borneo) indonesie“. Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENMP0398.
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Dans la region de longlaai, les massifs granitiques (avec textures grenues et/ou microgreneus egalement representees), dans lesquels la proportion de leucogranite est importante, appartiennent a trois lignees distinctes. L'une de ces lignees (segah) se distingue par des evolutions nettement differentes en termes des constituants majeurs (notamment sur le diagramme or:ab:an et le diagramme afm) et mineurs (diagramme zr:ti:al). Les deux autres sont tres voisines. Il est possible de suivre l'evolution magmatique dans chacune de ces lignees depuis un stade dioritique (a augite) jusqu'a un stade leucogranitique extremement evolue. Toute idee d'une origine crustale (anatectique) parait exclue pour des tels granites. L'evolution magmatique se caracterise par deux relations peritectiques: cpxamphibole et amphibolebiotite. L'etude des mineraux, assez bien conserves dans l'ensemble a l'abri des recristallisations post-magmatiques dans le cas de ces granites, permet de confirmer le caractere et l'evolution du liquide. Chaque mineral enregistre a sa maniere une bonne partie de l'evolution d'ensemble de la lignee a laquelle il appartient. Cet enregistrement est beaucoup plus detaille et complet que celui de la geochimie globale. Les phenomenes de contamination calcique sont visibles tout au long de l'evolution magmatique. Ils se traduisent soit au niveau des granites a biotite par la reapparition de l'amphibole, soit par un appauvrissement tres net de la biotite en alumine. Les skarns representent la suite des memes echanges dans des conditions postmagmatiques
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Anwar, Syaiful. „The impact of different logging treatments on streamflow and suspended sediment concentration in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14747.
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Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) introduced in some places has been reported to improve harvesting efficiency and environmental impact e.g. better design of skidtrails, less waste wood, reduces forest damage and cost. In this study, the effect of RIL on hydrological aspects was examined to assess its impact on direct runoff, streamflow, suspended sediment and unit hydrograph of the catchment, comparing RIL with conventional logging (CL) and an unlogged (UL) control. Compared to the control, the ratio of water yield to rainfall increased by about 53% with RIL and 98% with CL treatment after a period of 3 to 4 months following logging. Direct runoff with RIL remained similar to the control but increased by about 140% with CL treatment. Compared to CL treatment, the mean maximum suspended sediment concentration (Cmax.) levels can be reduced by more than six times and the daily suspended sediment load (S) by almost half if RIL treatment is implemented. The ratio of Cmax and S under UL, RIL and CL treatments are about 1 : 5 : 32 and 1 : 6 : 11 respectively. The main cause of erosion and sedimentation was soil damage due to compaction by harvesting machinery and soil cover reduction. RIL treatment is capable of reducing the runoff coefficient about half than that of CL: mean runoff coefficients for UL, RIL, and CL treatments are 0.027, 0.045 and 0.095 respectively. Unit hydrograph models for the two replications of each treatment showed shape consistency (e.g. time to peak is shorter with UL than RIL and CL treatments) and could be used to predict direct runoff from the related catchments. Finally, the study showed that supervision of harvesting - including planning and post logging treatment has an important role in reducing logging impact on hydrological behaviour.
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Moehansyah, Haji, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University und Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture. „Soil erosion, population pressure and conservation strategies in the Riam Kanan Catchment, Indonesia“. THESIS_FEMA_XXX_Moehansyah_H.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/394.
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This thesis studies the Riam Kanan Catchment (RKC), located in Indonesia, in order to: evaluate the effect of land use on runoff, erosion and soil properties; examine rainfall-runoff-erosion relationships under different land use types; evaluate the suitability of runoff and soil erosion models; develop an understanding of the interaction between physical, demographic, socio-economic and political aspects in relation to soil erosion; evaluate population pressure and its impacts; develop a suitable methodology for identifying potential erosion hazard areas; and develop suitable soil conservation strategies. Rainfall pattern and water level fluctuation; changes in runoff, erosion and soil properties under different land use types; relationships between soil properties as well as between rainfall and runoff-erosion; population pressure; and potential hazard areas were all analysed. Selected runoff and erosion models were evaluated for their suitability, and soil conservation strategies were developed, considering physical, demographic, socio-economic and political aspects. Results show that changes in inflow patterns are most likely due to changes in volumes of surface and subsurface runoff values; erosion in RKC is occurring at various levels depending on the land use types; there is a relationship between rainfall-runoff and erosion parameters; population pressure is above the critical limit and can be reduced by various methods; and RKC has a moderate to high erosion hazard. The soil conservation strategies outlined in this study appear promising.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Samsoedin, Ismayadi. „Biodiversity and sustainability in the Bulungan Research Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia : the response of plant species to logging“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/224.
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This study reports forest structure, regeneration and the soil properties from unlogged and logged forest in the Bulungan Research Forest, Malinau District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Four sites were compared by using four 1-ha replicate plots in each of primary forest (PF), 5, 10 and 30-yr old logged forest (LF-5, LF-10, LF- 30). The tree species composition differ among forest types, as it was shown that the mean value of similarity indices for all pairs were 0.215 (for the Jaccard index) and 0.353 (for the Sorensen index). The low values for similarities among forest types were most probably caused by low numbers of species shared between each forest type. Both correlation values, r = 0.023 for Jaccard index and r = 0.031 for Sorensen index, showed no strong correlation between the similarity index (C) and the distance between forest types. This supports the use of a chronosequence approach. A total of 914 tree species with ³ 10 cm dbh were recorded from 223 genera and 65 families. There were no significant differences in mean species numbers (166 – 180/ha) among treatments. Mean density of species was lower in LF-5 and LF-10 (501/ha) than in PF or LF-30 (605/ha and 577/ha); similarly to mean basal area (LF-5, 28.5 m2/ha; LF-10, 32.6 m2/ha) vs. PF (45.8 m2/ha) and LF-30 (46.9 m2/ha). Dead wood on the forest floor was significantly higher in LF-10 (75 m3/ha) than in the other treatments. Seedlings (< 2 cm dbh) of 1,022 species were recorded from 408 genera and 111 families. The mean number of tree seedling species ranged between 170-206; the mean density of seedlings was about two-fold lower in LF-10 (2790/ha) than in the other treatments. Saplings (>2 – 9.9 cm dbh) of 802 species belonged to 241 genera and 65 families. There was a high variability in species richness across treatments (89 – 191/ha), but not in stem numbers. The Dipterocarpaceae family was dominant in all treatments, followed by the Euphorbiaceae. The soils were acidic, low in nutrients and had low to very low fertility. Both primary and logged forest areas are marginal or not suitable for sustained production of plantation crops. Logging caused soil compaction in LF-30. Although in terms of number of species and trees, amount of BA, number of saplings and seedlings LF-30 appeared to have satisfied prescriptions for a second harvest, ecologically the forest is far from mature. The Indonesian Selective Cutting and Replanting (TPTI) system may need to be revised to a 35 – 45 year cycle to ensure long-term forest productivity in terms of not only timber but other goods and ecosystem services, the value of which are never quantified in monetary terms, but can be higher than the timber revenue.
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Adijaya, Mardan. „The effects of humic water, heavy metals and parasitism on freshwater teleost fish in West Kalimantan, Indonesia“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35466.pdf.
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