Bücher: „Justice of merit“

1

Duru-Bellat, Marie. Le mérite contre la justice. Paris: Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 2009.

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2

Le mérite contre la justice. Paris: Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 2009.

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3

Meritocracy and Americans' views on distributive justice. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009.

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4

The merit system and municipal civil service: A fostering of social inequality. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.

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5

Alexander, John M. Capabilities and social justice: The political philosophy of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate Pub. Ltd., 2007.

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6

Sezer, Yasin. Türk Yüksek Mahkemeleri ve Avrupa Topluluğu Adalet Divanı kararları ışığında kamu hizmetine girme hakkı. Ankara: Seçkin, 2006.

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7

United States. President (1989-1993 : Bush). Merit pay system exclusion: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting notification of his exclusion of the U.S. marshals, U.S. Department of Justice, from coverage under the Performance Management and Recognition System, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 5401(b)(2)(B). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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8

D'Angelo, Filippo. La giurisdizione di merito del giudice amministrativo: Contributo allo studio dei profili evolutivi. Torino: G. Giappichelli editore, 2013.

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9

Borrey, Anne. Ol kalabus meri: A study of female prisoners in Papua New Guinea. Boroko, Papua New Guinea: Papua New Guinea Law Reform Commission, 1992.

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10

Grimaldi, Aurelio. Meri per sempre: L'amore, la donna, il sesso raccontato dai giovani detenuti del Malaspina di Palermo. Palermo: La Luna edizioni, 1987.

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11

Investments, New Zealand Dept of Justice Working Party on Trustee. Trustee investment: The relative merits of the "legal list" and "prudent man" approaches to trustee investment : report released by the Minister of Justice, the Rt. Hon. Geoffrey Palmer. Wellington, N.Z: Dept. of Justice, 1986.

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12

Serena, Olsaretti, und Mind Association, Hrsg. Desert and justice. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003.

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13

(Editor), Louis P. Pojman, und Owen McLeod (Editor), Hrsg. What Do We Deserve?: A Reader on Justice and Desert. Oxford University Press, USA, 1998.

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14

P, Pojman Louis, und McLeod Owen, Hrsg. What do we deserve?: A reader on justice and desert. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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15

(Editor), Louis P. Pojman, und Owen McLeod (Editor), Hrsg. What Do We Deserve?: A Reader on Justice and Desert. Oxford University Press, USA, 1998.

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16

Thornton, Fanny. Why Justice? What Justice? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824817.003.0004.

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The chapter introduces the justice framework that underpins analysis in later chapters of the book. The Aristotelian origin of the corrective/distributive justice dichotomy is presented. The chapter then presents the two justice paradigms in more detail, paying attention to key developments and premises that have emerged in the evolution of each. It charts key corrective justice developments from its fault-motivated origins to compensation-motivated reconceptualization. It also describes distributive justice’s origins in notions of communal merit and its slow evolution in embracing broader standards of generosity and equality. The chapter concludes by highlighting the relevance of each to the subsequent contextual analysis.

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17

Moral Desert: A Critique. University Press of America, Incorporated, 2010.

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18

Capabilities and Social Justice. Ashgate Pub Co, 2008.

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19

Joseph de la Torre Dwyer. Chance, Merit, and Economic Inequality: Rethinking Distributive Justice and the Principle of Desert. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.

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20

An Integrated Psychological and Philosophical Approach to Justice: Equity and Desert (Problems in Contemporary Philosophy, 50). Edwin Mellen Press, 2002.

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21

Gross, Kali N. Black Women, Criminal Justice, and Violence. Herausgegeben von Paul Knepper und Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.12.

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This essay offers a concise overview of black women’s experiences with early criminal justice, beginning with the colonial period and ending in the early twentieth century. It also identifies aspects of the historiography on black women and crime that merit greater scholarly attention. Historians have examined race and violence, particularly interracial violence, but should also explore intraracial violence in relation to gender, crime, and criminal justice. In an attempt to address some of these gaps, this chapter provides an overview of the incarceration of black women in the United States and explores intraracial intimate partner violence through a late nineteenth-century Philadelphia case. In doing so, it especially examines the conduct and motives of the black woman at the center of the crime.

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22

Alexander, John M. Capabilities and Social Justice: The Political Philosophy of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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23

Chryssochoou, Xenia. Social Justice in Multicultural Europe: A Social Psychological Perspective. Herausgegeben von Phillip L. Hammack. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199938735.013.18.

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Informed by Social Representations and Social Identity theories, this chapter argues that investigation of justice issues in multicultural Europe requires focusing on the ideological context in which justice is pursued or obstructed. Following Touraine (2005), it argues that two social representations of societal organization coexist in Europe with different implications for status, values, and justice attribution: one that organizes society and builds hierarchies in terms of merit; and another that organizes society according to cultural differences and to group membership. The use of each representation implies different criteria for distributive and procedural justice and emphasizes conflicts based on different memberships. A representation of society following a cultural order might hide the class membership of migrants and obstruct their individual mobility. Unable to fight in terms of class, migrants’ sole opportunity for seeking justice and equal treatment is to fight collectively by adopting an ethno-cultural or religious identity.

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24

Cochrane, Alasdair. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789802.003.0008.

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The concluding chapter does three things. First, it briefly summarizes the core claims made in the book and its outline of a sentientist political order. Second, it re-emphasizes some of the most important implications of the claims made in this book for the study of animal ethics and global justice. And finally, it introduces some preliminary thoughts on the implications of these claims for both the study of politics and for political activism. Here it argues two things: first, that since the worth and rights of sentient creatures reconfigure the aims and structure of politics, so they should transform the ways in which we study politics; and second, that since all sentient creatures merit membership and representation within our political communities, all political activists striving for social justice must reflect on how to incorporate the rights of animals into their campaigns.

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25

Posecznick, Alex. Selling Hope and College. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501707582.001.0001.

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It has long been assumed that college admission should be a simple matter of sorting students according to merit, with the best heading off to the Ivy League and highly ranked liberal arts colleges and the rest falling naturally into their rightful places. Admission to selective institutions, where extremely fine distinctions are made, is characterized by heated public debates about whether standardized exams, high school transcripts, essays, recommendation letters, or interviews best indicate which prospective students are worthy. And then there is college for everyone else. But what goes into less-selective college admissions? Ravenwood College was a small, private, nonprofit institution dedicated to social justice and serving traditionally underprepared students from underrepresented minority groups. To survive in the higher education marketplace, the college had to operate like a business and negotiate complex categories of merit while painting a hopeful picture of the future for its applicants. This book is a snapshot of a particular type of institution as it goes about the business of producing itself and justifying its place in the market. This book documents what it takes to keep such an institution open and running, and the struggles, tensions, and battles that members of the community tangle with daily as they carefully walk the line between empowering marginalized students and exploiting them.

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26

Valls, Andrew. Supporting Black Institutions and Communities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190860554.003.0004.

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Liberal political theory generally supports claims to autonomy that are made on behalf of national minorities, yet similar claims made by African Americans are usually ignored or rejected. This chapter argues the liberal multiculturalism should be extended to African Americans, and that doing so places black “community control” claims in a new light. Liberal political theory can support many of the arguments made by black nationalists during the Black Power movement. In particular, the black nationalist critique of integration as the main route to racial equality continues to have a great deal of merit. Any plausible approach to racial justice must take account of this critique and must accommodate some black nationalist claims.

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27

Hess, Burkhard, und Ana Koprivica Harvey, Hrsg. Open Justice. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845297620.

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The idea behind open justice, a principle widely recognised as a constituent of the rule of law and vital for the functioning of democratic societies, seems simple and universally accepted: a legal rule that requires courts to conduct their proceedings in public. However, it is less clear how we are to understand and implement this notion today. In the age of information technology, digital media and the transformation of the public sphere, this question merits careful consideration. In the face of the fast-changing landscape of dispute resolution and populist movements threatening to undermine judicial independence, what role should courts play in ensuring the degree of openness necessary to support the rule of law? Against this backdrop, this book seeks new approaches to the requirement for open justice in times of change, and revisits the place and role of courts in ensuring open justice in democratic societies. It offers a unique comparative insight thanks to a variety of approaches adopted by authors from diverse professional and academic backgrounds. Prof. Dr. Dres. h.c. Burkhard Hess is Director of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law, and a professor at both the Université du Luxembourg and the University of Heidelberg. Ana Koprivica Harvey, LL.M. is a research fellow at the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law.

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28

Goelzhauser, Greg. Choosing State Supreme Court Justices: Merit Selection and the Consequences of Institutional Reform. Temple University Press, 2016.

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29

Choosing State Supreme Court Justices: Merit Selection and the Consequences of Institutional Reform. Temple University Press, 2016.

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30

United States. General Accounting Office, Hrsg. Decennial census: Fundamental design decisions merit congressional attention : statement of L. Nye Stevens, Director, Federal Management and Workforce Issues, General Government Division, before the Committee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice, Committee on Governmental Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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31

Ali, Christopher. Interventions in Localism. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040726.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 focuses on two concrete recommendations for policy makers interested in protecting media localism and encouraging local news. The first advocates for comprehensive local media policy frameworks. These frameworks must take into account the different platforms providing local news and local media, and the different funding systems as well. The second recommendation is larger in scope and argues that we need to reclassify local news from a public good to a merit good. Based on the work of Richard Musgrave, the designation of “merit good” would allow us to justify greater regulatory interventions, such as encouraging cross-media subsidies to support local news on a variety of platforms.

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32

Duff, R. A. Punishment. Herausgegeben von Hugh LaFollette. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199284238.003.0014.

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This article's central question is: ‘What can justify a system of criminal punishment?’ That question is familiar, but merits clarification. The article focuses on criminal punishment imposed by criminal courts for criminal offences. So narrow a focus, though typical of penal philosophy, requires justification. First, it ignores other kinds of punishment, formal and informal, imposed by other agencies: by institutions or professions, in the family. What justifies this focus is that criminal punishment is distinctive in involving the state's exercise of its dominant coercive power over its citizens, and thus raises the distinctive question of what penal powers (if any) the state should have, and how they should be exercised. Secondly, it ignores other aspects of criminal justice, and the complex processes from which punishment flows — the investigation of crime, the criminal procedure of trial and conviction.

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33

Owens, Ryan J., und James Sieja. Agenda-Setting on the U.S. Supreme Court. Herausgegeben von Lee Epstein und Stefanie A. Lindquist. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579891.013.13.

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Understanding the conditions under which the Supreme Court sets its agenda is crucial to understanding Supreme Court behavior. After all, before the justices make any decision on the merits of a case, they must first decide whether to hear it at all. This chapter analyzes Supreme Court agenda-setting. It begins by describing the process justices employ to select cases to review. It examines how parties file certiorari petitions, the certiorari pool used to provide guidance to the justices, and the conferences in which justices vote to grant or deny review to cert petitions. The chapter then discusses four explanations political scientists have provided to explain the conditions under which justices set the agenda. The article concludes by examining limitations of existing scholarship and providing suggestions for future scholarship.

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34

Dwan, David. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738527.003.0001.

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This chapter considers Orwell’s merits as a political thinker. It shows how his politics can only be understood by examining them in context—alongside contemporary debates about the importance of realism and the drawbacks of moralism in political life. The consistency and power of his views also need to be tested against a broader backdrop of political thought. Orwell was not a systematic thinker and he was famously hostile to intellectuals and theorists; yet the problems he encountered in politics had an irreducible conceptual element. Orwell’s contradictions express his own limitations, but they also expose the limits of justice itself. For justice, it would seem, is many-headed and services different—even incompatible—ends. Orwell’s writings express this conflict, producing a very agonized form of idealism.

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35

Lydia, Davies-Bright, und White Nigel D. 3 Institutional Structure and the Position of Members, 3.1 Case Concerning Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention Arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie ( Libya Arab Jamahiriya v United States of America ), Request for the Indication of Provisional Measures, Order of 14 April 1992 , [1992] ICJ Rep 114. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743620.003.0015.

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The case presented the International Court of Justice with the possibility of reviewing the legality, or at least the legal effects, of a Chapter VII resolution of the Security Council in contentious proceedings brought by Libya arising out of its refusal to extradite two Libyan agents suspected by the US and UK of being responsible for the 1988 bombing of a Pan Am plane over Lockerbie in Scotland. The case did not reach the merits state but the earlier judicial stages, highlighted in this chapter, suggested that the judicial arm of the UN might have been prepared to review the actions of the executive arm.

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36

Decoeur, Henri. The Potential Role of International Criminal Tribunals in the Suppression of State Organized Crime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823933.003.0009.

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Chapter 8 outlines the potential merits and challenges of prosecuting individuals suspected of being involved in state organized crime before international criminal courts and tribunals. It identifies potential advantages common to international criminal courts and tribunals, namely the unavailability of jurisdictional immunities as a procedural bar, the greater likelihood of a genuine investigation, the existence of formal rules to deal with concurrent claims of jurisdiction, the capacity to address complex cases of system criminality, and the expressive potential of international criminal courts and tribunals. It then considers the respective advantages and disadvantages of different institutional mechanisms that could be used or adapted for the prosecution of state organized crime, examining in turn the International Criminal Court, ad hoc tribunals, and the future criminal chamber of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights.

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37

Messmer, Michelle N., Colleen S. Netherby und Scott I. Abrams. Unique Challenges Facing Immunotherapy of Metastatic Ovarian Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0012.

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The immune system serves as an integral checkpoint to developing malignancies. However, when cancer ultimately becomes detectable, this implicates an inherent failure of effective immune control. One constant theme in cancer biology has been the ability of these “diseases,” in particular, ovarian cancer, to compromise immune-mediated mechanisms of neoplastic control. These empirical observations have subsequently laid the scientific foundation to investigate ways in which the immune system can be reengaged as a powerful therapeutic weapon, singly or in combination with other modalities. This field has been coined “cancer immunotherapy” and, importantly, strong progress has been made to date to justify its feasibility and potential merit. This chapter focuses on the fundamental immunologic principles that have guided the development of the cancer immunotherapy concept, as well as details both the successes and the limitations of cancer immunotherapy in patients with metastatic ovarian cancer.

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38

Väyrynen, Pekka. Reasons and Moral Principles. Herausgegeben von Daniel Star. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199657889.013.37.

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Moral particularism and generalism are families of views united by their denial or affirmation (respectively) that general moral principles play some fundamental role in morality. In this survey of the generalism/particularism debate, I distinguish between contributory and overall moral principles and between two distinct roles, standards and guides, which either sort of principles might be claimed to play. Next I describe three different forms which particularist opposition to any of these kinds of principles can take. I then survey debates about whether moral principles play a fundamental role either as standards or as guides. Throughout I pay particular attention to issues and arguments which involve claims about normative reasons that favor or justify things or explanatory reasons that explain their moral features. I also note some broader implications of these arguments for both moral theory and the theory of reasons, and point to questions that merit further work.

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39

James A, Green. Part 2 The Post-Cold War Era (1990–2000), 46 The Great African War and the Intervention by Uganda and Rwanda in the Democratic Republic of Congo—1998–2003. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0046.

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This chapter considers the Great African War of 1998-2003. The first section sets out the factual context of the interventions of Uganda, Rwanda and (on a much lower scale) Burundi in the territory of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It also considers the counter-force employed by the DRC and other states acting in support of the DRC’s government. The second section considers the positions of the main state protagonists on both sides, as well as of international organisations and states not involved in the conflict. The third section analyses the legality of the actions of the various states involved, including – but not limited to – a consideration of the 2005 International Court of Justice merits decision in the Armed Activities (DRC v Uganda) case. The ad bellum implications of the conflict stretch beyond that decision, but the proceedings at the Court have become its primary legacy in this context.

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40

Zealand, New. Trustee investment: The relative merits of the "legal list" and "prudent man" approaches to trustee investment : Report released by the Minister of Justice, the Rt. Hon. Geoffrey Palmer. Dept. of Justice, 1986.

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41

Grow, Nathaniel. The Defense and Verdict. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038198.003.0009.

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This chapter examines the defense's arguments in the Baltimore Federals' Washington antitrust lawsuit against the American and National Leagues as well as the jury's verdict in the case. Organized baseball's attorney, George Pepper, discussed the substantive merits of the case, first by emphasizing to the jury the seriousness of Sherman Act cases and then attempting to minimize the impact of the plaintiff's evidence. Pepper's witnesses include Jim Gilmore, William B. Ward, Corry Comstock, and August Herrmann. After Pepper completed his argument, Charles Douglas issued a rebuttal on behalf of Baltimore. Then it was Justice Wendell Phillips Stafford's turn to make a decision: he delivered Baltimore a resounding victory, resolving every key question of law in the team's favor. This chapter first considers the defendants' witness testimony and each party's closing arguments before discussing Stafford's ruling on motions for a directed verdict as well as the jury instructions and verdict. It also describes organized baseball's response to the verdict.

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42

Kynes, Will. The Ancestry of Wisdom Literature. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777373.003.0003.

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In order to identify the origins of the modern scholarly Wisdom tradition, this chapter evaluates the purported early “vestiges” of the category. These are (1) early views on the structure and order of the canonical books; (2) the association of a group of books with Solomon; (3) the ancient recognition of shared traits between books; and (4) the title Wisdom applied to several texts. This evidence does not, however, justify the common assertion that the Wisdom category has an ancient pedigree. To the degree that a category approaching the modern one existed at all, its contents and definition differed significantly, making it both quantitatively and qualitatively different from the current category. This indicates that Wisdom as we know it is instead a modern invention, and the accuracy of its depiction of ancient phenomena therefore merits more careful scrutiny than it has yet received.

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43

Zachar, Peter, und Robert F. Krueger. Personality Disorder and Validity. Herausgegeben von K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini und Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0052.

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This chapter describes the introduction of the concept of personality in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century as a secularization and medicalization of the notion of character. This secularization served as the key prelude to the initiation of the scientific study of personality traits. It also examines the origins of the concept of personality disorder in psychiatry's rejection of the disease-based concept of the degenerate, morbid personality. After setting the historical stage, the chapter explores three validity-related issues. The first is a question about what role values should play in the conceptualization of personality disorders. It is argued that that recent empirical research has shown that the evaluative issues that were historically associated with the concept of character have not been (and maybe cannot be) eliminated from the modern notion of personality. The second is a question about the nature of psychopathology in personality disorders. It is argued that, while developing an empirically based capacity-failure model is an important goal, currently multiple models are needed to justify the pathological nature of personality disorders. The third question is about the extent to which personality traits can be considered causal entities in the head that "carve nature at the joints." Characterizing the received view in contemporary trait theory as scientific realism, it is argued that in some cases, the arguments for realism about traits can be empirically refuted, or at least cast into doubt. The conclusion is that the relative merits of a more empiricist instrumental view and scientific realism have not been sorted out.

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Bücher zum Thema „Justice of merit“

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