Thematische Bibliographien / Judgment (ethics) in literature

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Judgment (ethics) in literature“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 25. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Judgment (ethics) in literature"

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Marta, Rahma Nakhiral, und Vanica Serly. „Pengaruh Ideologi Etis Terhadap Penilaian Etis“. JURNAL EKSPLORASI AKUNTANSI 5, Nr. 1 (26.02.2023): 428–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jea.v5i1.634.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of ethical ideology on ethical judgments. This research contributes to the existing literature on student ethical judgment, particularly in the context of a developing country such as Indonesia. There are 193 of accounting students Faculty of Economics Universitas Negeri Padang who have taken/are currently taking courses Ethics on Accounting Profession. This study shows that idealism doesn’t have positive effect on Ethical Judgment, while relativism shows negative results on ethical judgment.
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Robin, Donald P., R. Eric Reidenbach und Barry J. Babin. „The Nature, Measurement, and Stability of Ethical Judgments in the Workplace“. Psychological Reports 80, Nr. 2 (April 1997): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.2.563.

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A basic interest in the Tightness and wrongness of actions predates philosophy, and the literature of organizational psychology indicates an increased interest in ethical and unethical decision-making in the workplace. Although several conceptual models of workplace ethical behavior have been offered, researchers have little guidance and few appropriate constructs for measuring a key component of these models. This paper focuses on the historical results of the Multidimensional Ethics Scale and construct of an ethical judgment and provides an exhaustive conceptual and empirical treatment of it. This analysis offers evidence for a three-dimensional structure underlying ethical judgments common to the workplace. The structure of the Multidimensional Ethics Scale is supported through an iterative approach which involves widely varying contexts and samples. Results have potential implications for developing theories of organizational ethics as well as for employees' psychological well-being.
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Tipu, Syed Awais Ahmad. „The Cognitive Side of Entrepreneurial Ethics: What Do We Still Need to Know?“ Journal of Enterprising Culture 23, Nr. 01 (März 2015): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495815710016.

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The paper aims to review the current state of the knowledge in an attempt to renew the interest in studying cognitive side of entrepreneurial ethics. The paper explores how the two streams of the literature — entrepreneurial cognition and entrepreneurial ethics — can possibly be integrated to guide future research. It also reviews the literature at the intersection of entrepreneurial cognitions and ethics. In doing so, the paper draws upon the extant literature to propose a set of questions for future research. Given the ethical implications of entrepreneurial behavior, this paper calls for future interdisciplinary work among entrepreneurial cognition scholars and business ethicists. The extant literature has generally focused on exploring the linkages among entrepreneurial cognitions, moral awareness, and moral judgment. It appears that relatively sparse attention is paid to explore the underlying cognitive patterns of an entrepreneur's actions pertaining to unethical business practices. This gap in the literature at the intersection of cognitions and ethics holds significant potential for future research. The proposed questions for future research include the following: How do cognitive biases and heuristics make an entrepreneur more susceptible to immoral judgment and reasoning? Which of the cognitive schemas is more likely to enhance moral intentions of entrepreneurs? How does distributed cognition shape socially responsible entrepreneurial behavior? Do entrepreneurs prefer rule-based or cost/benefit-based reasoning approach while making moral judgment? Which of the cognitive dimensions of socially responsible behavior — utilitarianism, just, and rights — is more common among entrepreneurs in developed countries in comparison to the entrepreneurs in developing and emerging economies? Do immigrant and/or ethnic entrepreneurs experience identity ambiguity and how does it relate to their unethical actions? How does the level of motivation affect an entrepreneur's reliance on heuristics rather than employing a systematic response to process information for ethical judgment? The proposed questions potentially offer insights into the way in which entrepreneurial cognitions and entrepreneurial ethics are interconnected. Entrepreneurship scholars may enrich their future research efforts by exploring how might insights from entrepreneurial ethics better inform the theoretical developments of entrepreneurial cognitions.
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Jaeger, Jacqueline R. „Toward Closing the Moral-Judgment Gap: Conceptualizing Learner-Centered, Multi-Modal Business Ethics Education“. Journal of Business Ethics Education 20 (2023): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jbee2023205.

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Business ethics can be taught as a stand-alone course or be woven throughout a curriculum. There is a debate over whether to teach ethics in the form of theory or real-world connectedness or both. A moral-judgment gap exists, and many believe Business education should promote knowledge and skills that enable ethical intentions to be followed with ethical behaviors. This conceptual paper diagrams where the gap exists in Business Ethics education and theorizes how multi-modal, learning-centered ethics teaching can bridge this shortfall. Literature from the field of Education is drawn upon for pedagogies that promote learning and application. Case studies, constructed narratives, and simulations function as several key components useful for developing complex skills needed for applying ethical reasoning. Additional components and strategies that undergird and reinforce the case studies and other active learning components are laid out in pyramid form toward an overall best-practices approach to developing principled moral reasoning in Business Ethics.
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Legault, Georges-Auguste, Johane Patenaude, Suzanne Kocsis Bédard, Jean-Pierre Béland, Christian Bellemare, Pierre Dagenais, Charles-Etienne Daniel und Hubert Gagnon. „PP113 Towards A Systemic Approach of Value Judgment In HTA“. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318002519.

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Introduction:The fact that HTA is a value-laden process is recognized in the literature. This is one of the reasons for promoting a better integration of ethics in HTA processes. Although what is meant by value-judgment (VJ) and how it can be used in HTA is not clear for some authors; others have proposed the elicitation of implicit VJs, to make them more explicit, as one way for clarifying the role ethics may play in HTA. In order to clarify what a VJ is, a conceptual analysis is needed to distinguish it from a factual-judgment and see how they diverge on certain aspects and converge on others.Methods:The distinction between VJs and factual-judgments was debated in the fifties. At the core of the philosophy of language was a distinction between factual-scientific assertions about facts, considered objective, and VJs on what is right/wrong-good/bad, considered subjective. In speech-act theory these distinctions were treated as two different operations: assertive and evaluative. A conceptual analysis of VJs, considering them as specific speech-acts, was used for clarifying/deciphering the role of VJs in HTA.Results:VJs are intrinsically embedded in decision-making since they are the reasons justifying decisions. This is why implicit VJs can be identified at every decision-step in the HTA process. Assessment is usually considered objective while appraisal seems subjective. Since VJs are entrenched in the decisions taken throughout the assessment process, the results are not completely objective. Ethical analysis also distinguishes two types of VJs, those based on normative criteria and those based on various degrees of value actualization. Furthermore, since evaluation requires criteria based on a rational process, VJs are not totally subjective.Conclusions:Elicitation of VJs in HTA is one way of integrating ethics in HTA and offers decision-makers a more thorough picture of the ethical issues involved in their decision.
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Ortiz, Alisha Y. „The Effectiveness of Ethics Training Strategies: Experiential Learning for the Win“. International Journal of Business and Management Research 8, Nr. 4 (30.12.2020): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.080407.

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Organizations place a great deal of emphasis on ethics, spending significant resources on ethics training initiatives. Research indicates the positive impact that ethical training has on a variety of organizational outcomes. However, in practice, ethics training efforts are often met with resistance and skepticism by employees. This cynicism may be merited and perceived failures in ethics training could be in part a function of the type of ethics training intervention they receive. This study examines the extent to which different types of training interventions impact participants’ moral judgment. Evidence suggests that experiential learning is superior to lecture, immersion, behavioral modeling, and role-play. This research contributes to the training and pedagogical literature. It provides evidence suggesting how higher education and industry may better equip students and employees for the ethical challenges they face in today’s workplace.
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Waldron, Marilyn, und Richard Fisher. „Values and ethical judgments“. Meditari Accountancy Research 25, Nr. 1 (10.04.2017): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-09-2016-0076.

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Purpose A major impediment to the advancement of ethics research in the accounting domain is the availability of appropriate research participants. This study aims to investigate the validity of using student surrogates in accounting ethics research. Design/methodology/approach A survey instrument was administered to a sample of US accounting practitioners (Certified Public Accountants) and two student respondent groups: intermediate and advanced-level accounting students. Both personal values and ethical judgments were measured. Findings Significant differences were found in both the structure of personal values and ethical judgments between practitioners and accounting students. Life-stage effects play an important role in explaining these differences. Hedonistic values are seen to become less salient through the maturation process, whereas others, such as security, become increasingly important. Unexpectedly, values are found to have little direct impact on ethical judgments. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional nature of the research design means the impacts of maturation and experience can only be inferred. Future corroborating longitudinal studies are encouraged. Practical implications Overall, the findings suggest caution in the use of student surrogates in this research context. In particular, adequate attention ought to be given to the close matching of ages, and to the extent possible, the education level between students and the target professional population. Insights provided by the study into factors underlying the ethical decision-making process of accountants provide a basis for evaluating the capabilities of employees and can be used in education and organizational training. Originality/value This study addresses a significant gap in the prior literature by concurrently considering the interrelationships between personal values, ethical judgment and subject type in studying the suitability of student surrogates in accounting ethics research.
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Swisher, Laura Lee. „A Retrospective Analysis of Ethics Knowledge in Physical Therapy (1970–2000)“. Physical Therapy 82, Nr. 7 (01.07.2002): 692–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/82.7.692.

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Abstract Background and Purpose. Purtilo, Guccione, and others have noted that increased clinical autonomy for physical therapists presents more complex ethical dilemmas. The body of literature examining physical therapy ethics, however, is relatively small and has not been analyzed. The primary purposes of this research were: (1) to use multiple perspectives to describe and analyze literature examining ethics in physical therapy from 1970 to 2000, (2) to develop a model to describe the evolution of knowledge of ethics in physical therapy during this period, and (3) to compare the proposed model with the evolutionary models proposed by Purtilo in physical therapy and by Pellegrino in bioethics. Sample. The sample consisted of peer-reviewed journal articles cited in the MEDLINE or Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases between 1970 and 2000 or referenced in Ethics in Physical Therapy. Methods. A two-phase mixed quantitative and qualitative method was used to analyze publications. In the quantitative phase, the author sorted publications into a priori categories, including approach to ethics, author, decade, country of publication, role of the physical therapist, and component of morality. During the qualitative phase of the research, the author analyzed and sorted the publications to identify common themes, patterns, similarities, and evolutionary trends. These findings were compared with the evolutionary models of Pellegrino and Purtilo. Results. The 90 publications meeting inclusion criteria were predominantly philosophical, using the “principles” perspective; focused on the patient/client management role of the physical therapist; and addressed the moral judgment component of moral behavior. As predicted by Purtilo's model, the focus of identity evolved from self-identity to patient-focused identity, with increasing representation of societal identity. Recurrent themes included the need to further identify and clarify physical therapists' ethical dilemmas, the interrelationship between clinical and ethical decision making, and the changing relationship with patients. Discussion and Conclusion. Although knowledge of ethics grew steadily between 1970 and 2000, this retrospective analysis identified gaps in our current knowledge. Further research is needed to address the unique ethical problems commonly encountered in all 5 roles of the physical therapist; patient perspectives on ethical issues in physical therapy; variety in ethical approaches; factors affecting moral judgment, sensitivity, motivation, and courage; and cultural dimensions of ethical practice in physical therapy.
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Zaman, Maliha, Claire A. Simmers und Murugan Anandarajan. „Using an Ethical Framework to Examine Linkages Between “Going Green” in Research Practices and Information and Communication Technologies“. International Journal of Social and Organizational Dynamics in IT 1, Nr. 2 (April 2011): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsodit.2011040102.

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The link between “Going Green” in research practices and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is studied using general ethics and social psychology literature. This paper investigates and concludes that a researcher’s ethical judgment is the strongest factor influencing their intention to follow green research practices (GRP). Their ethical judgment is molded indirectly by the researcher’s attitude towards environmental awareness. Their intention towards GRP is influenced by existing research practices and experience in using a technology touted as a greening enabler, Web 2.0. The strength of the relationship suggests there is no pivotal turning point in the research practices to become green. This paper concludes that GRP represent a smaller, albeit important, paradigm shift affecting the conduct and dissemination of research with positive spillover effects for the environment.
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Hogan, Patrick Colm. „Narrative Universals, Emotion, and Ethics“. Poetics Today 41, Nr. 2 (01.06.2020): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-8172514.

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Some recent writers on ethics, prominently Jonathan Haidt, have seen emotion and narrative as central to moral judgment and behavior. However, much of this work is not clear about the precise nature of emotion and narrative or the relation of the two to each other and to ethics. Research in distinct narrative traditions — a form of comparative literary study — offers a possible solution. The author has argued that a number of prototype-based story structures recur across a broad range of genetically and areally distinct traditions. These structures derive from emotion systems and general principles of emotion modulation and involve ideals that are both hedonic and ethical. We may better understand the complex relations among narrative, emotion, and morality in terms of these story universals, their sources in emotion systems, and their associated ideals, which collectively predict a range of ethical responses to any given situation. In addition, even the usual ethical orientations of emotions and prototypes may be altered through the particularization of stories. In this way, emotional response and initial emplotment bias ethical response and evaluation, but the former do not simply determine the latter. The author illustrates these points by the sometimes surprising similarities relating European, Chinese, and Indian works.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Judgment (ethics) in literature"

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Chandler, Christopher N. „Blind injustice : Jesus' prophetic warning against unjust judging (Matthew 7:1-5) /“. St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/919.

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McQueen, Gregory P. (Gregory Paul). „Moral Judgment Development in Higher Education Administration“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278754/.

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Patterns of moral judgment exhibited by institutional candidates and fellows in the American Council on Education Fellows Program in Leadership for Higher Education 1988/1989 and 1989/1990 were explored in this study. The fellowship program selection process produced a group of institutional candidates with the high level of moral judgment development necessary for successful leadership in higher education administration. The goals of the program may be best served by minor improvements which will enhance a sound process. The results indicate that moral judgment development was not a significant factor in the selection of fellows. Salary and years of administrative experience, however, were related to selection. Candidates with higher salaries were more likely to be selected as fellows and tended to have lower levels of moral judgment development. The study revealed that there are variables affecting the selection and further investigation is necessary to determine which variables affect the selection and if they contribute to the goals of the fellowship program. Participation in the fellowship program did not significantly affect the fellows' level of moral judgment development as a group. The fellowship program did, however, have a positive impact on the upper third subgroup of fellows and a negative impact on the lower third subgroup. The performance of the upper third indicated that they have the potential to make a significant contribution to higher education administration. The middle third subgroup's performance indicated it is in a position to benefit significantly from program adjustments which enhance the fellows' awareness and broaden their perspective of the social milieu, within which higher education functions. Performance of the lower third indicated that the fellowship program might be adapted to meet the needs of this subgroup. Further study of other variables separating these three subgroups is needed. A longitudinal study could be completed to determine if candidates in the three subgroups went on to make the contributions in higher education administration this study implied they were equipped to make.
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Tam, Kwok-yuen Tammy. „Decisional errors in positive and negative situations the role of self-regulatory focus on moral judgment /“. Click to view E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37091591.

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Tam, Kwok-yuen Tammy, und 譚珏涴. „Decisional errors in positive and negative situations: the role of self-regulatory focus on moral judgment“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37091591.

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Chin, Jacqueline Joon Lin. „Ethical judgement and ethical authority“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c9a08c55-448a-4ff4-830d-b785f7bd2667.

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This dissertation considers the possibility of there being such a thing as ethical authority in the modern world, and seeks to give an account of its nature. It begins by expressing a critical stance toward the idea that authority is always dependent upon having a certain kind of theoretical expertise. It raises the suggestion that there are other forms of authoritativeness, based on tradition, the display of superior skill, or impressive discriminative/perceptual powers. The bases of these forms of authority are not primarily, or even necessarily, of an intellectual kind. The idea that ethical authority depends upon something more than intellectual foundations may be traced to Aristotle, who claimed that the practical wisdom of an ethical authority (phronimos) is a matter of being good at deliberation with regard to things that conduce to living well. The model of ethical authority provided here is not that of theoretical expertise but closer to that of practical skill and/or the possession of perceptual powers of a particular kind. Ethical authority in the Aristotelian tradition depends upon intellectual powers, but of the 'practical intellect' and not necessarily (it depends on the context) any advanced theoretical expertise. It then proceeds to argue that there is an important place for practical wisdom in modern ethical life. Many of us live today in modem pluralistic societies where diverse conceptions of goodness and ethical rationality compete. We may well find the idea of reasonable allegiance to local phronimoi, who grasp and can illuminate the value of particular practices and institutions to fellow participants of a shared life, pure anathema. Modern ethical philosophy reflects this stance, and is characterized by a certain faith in rule-centred or procedural ethical theories for guiding human conduct. The argument of the second chapter seeks to show that there is little warrant for rejecting the role of ethical authorities (phronimoi) in contemporary pluralistic societies in favour of ethical proceduralism. Thereafter, in the third, fourth and fifth chapters, it turns to exploring the nature of practical wisdom, in particular, whether or not it is best construed as grounded in a theory of right conduct, or as a form of 'ethical knowledge', or as aiming at an objective truth; and to the task of characterizing a credible conception of the insightful phronimos - or what it might be like if this model of ethical authority is to claim relevance for contemporary life within pluralistic ethical communities.
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Ip, Lai-ping Iris. „Teachers' implicit theories as predictors of their moral judgment“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29789746.

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Keefer, Matthew Wilks. „Analysing justice and response orientations in moral reasoning“. Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59866.

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This thesis examined the knowledge and processes that adults use to reason about moral dilemmas. Two contrasting analyses of moral reasons, Kohlberg's justice orientation and Gilligan's response orientation, were reviewed and criticized. From this a Moral Reasoning Grammar which formally characterizes the semantics of the justice and response moral orientations was developed. Specifically, the Moral Reasoning Grammar distinguished reasoning based on principles and their defense from reasoning based on narrative and social-interactive knowledge. The Moral Reasoning Grammar was applied to subjects' protocols to determine the extent to which these two orientations characterized subjects' verbal responses to moral problems. Application of the Moral Reasoning Grammar resulted in good coverage of subjects' verbalizations which reliably differentiated knowledge and processes used by subjects resolving moral problems from either a justice or response orientation. The justice orientation characterized the four male subjects' protocols and the response orientation characterized the four female protocols. The small sample precludes any generalization of this finding. The Moral Reasoning Grammar and results were discussed in terms of further psychological research, an expanded and more comprehensive philosophical approach to moral reasoning, and the potential educational implications.
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Hinkle, Katherine T. „The effect of mortality salience on moral judgment“. Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/702.

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Hudspeth, Christophe Sage. „The role of trust in judgment“. [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003077.

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Pollard, James H. „The moral judgment development of students at Circleville Bible College“. Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.

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Bücher zum Thema "Judgment (ethics) in literature"

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1963-, Sloop John M., und McDaniel James P, Hrsg. Judgment calls: Rhetoric, politics, and indeterminacy. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1998.

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Valihora, Karen. Austen's oughts: Judgment after Locke and Shaftesbury. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2010.

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Myskja, Bjørn K. The sublime in Kant and Beckett: Aesthetic judgement, ethics and literature. Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 2002.

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Foglia, Marc. Montaigne, pédagogue du jugement. Paris: Classiques Garnier, 2011.

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Monnet, Agnieszka Soltysik. The poetics and politics of the American gothic: Gender and slavery in nineteenth-century American literature. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate, 2010.

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Nazar, Hina. Enlightened sentiments: Judgment and autonomy in the age of sensibility. New York: Fordham University Press, 2012.

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Schenk-Ziegler, Alois. Correctio fraterna im Neuen Testament: Die "brüderliche Zurechtweisung" in biblischen, frühjüdischen und hellenistischen Schriften. Würzburg: Echter Verlag, 1997.

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Monnet, Agnieszka Soltysik. The poetics and politics of the American Gothic: Gender and slavery in nineteenth-century American literature. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Pub., 2010.

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Utard, Régine. Caractères et morales dans les sociétés anciennes. Paris: Classiques Garnier, 2021.

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Bernthal, Craig. The trial of man: Christianity and judgment in the world of Shakespeare. Wilmington, Del: ISI Books, 2003.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Judgment (ethics) in literature"

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Longxi, Zhang. „Circulation and Value Judgment“. In World Literature as Discovery, 26–38. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003398653-3.

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Gallie, Roger D. „Moral Judgment“. In Thomas Reid: Ethics, Aesthetics and the Anatomy of the Self, 85–111. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9020-4_6.

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Govrin, Aner. „The building blocks of moral judgment“. In Ethics and Attachment, 87–111. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315114286-4.

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Govrin, Aner. „Variance and consistency in moral judgment“. In Ethics and Attachment, 130–64. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315114286-6.

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Zovko, Jure. „The Human Sciences and Moral Judgment“. In Ethics or Moral Philosophy, 131–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6895-6_10.

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Korthals Altes, Liesbeth, und Hanna Meretoja. „Ethics and Literature“. In The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Literature, 601–21. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54794-1_28.

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Topan, Mihai-Vladimir, Matthew McCaffrey und Nicolai J. Foss. „The Practical Wisdom of Entrepreneurial Judgment“. In International Handbooks in Business Ethics, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00140-7_25-1.

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Fossa, Fabio. „Unavoidable Collisions. The Automation of Moral Judgment“. In Ethics of Driving Automation, 65–94. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22982-4_4.

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Stoneley, Peter. „Libertine Ethics“. In Promiscuity in Western Literature, 101–34. New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Literary criticism and cultural theory: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367228361-5.

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Azzarito, Laura. „Visual Research Ethics: Dilemmas, Judgment, and Ethics of Care“. In Visual Methods for Social Justice in Education, 153–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25745-2_9.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Judgment (ethics) in literature"

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Delgado, Vitor Rabelo, Keanu Frota Sales und Vinícius Augusto Carvalho de Abreu. „Ethical reflections on the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in the academic sphere: writing and authorship“. In Workshop sobre as Implicações da Computação na Sociedade. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wics.2024.3170.

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Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is emerging as a promising tool in academic production, offering the potential to help with literature reviews, content creation and idea generation. However, the use of AI raises ethical debates related to authorship, plagiarism and intellectual property. Therefore, regulating the use of AI in the academic sphere is necessary, through a dialog between the academic community, companies and governments that defines guidelines that consider principles such as transparency, justice, equity, responsibility and beneficence. The future of academic production will depend on the integration of AI with human expertise and judgment. Thus, this article is a comprehensive review of the existing literature on Generative Artificial Intelligence, ethics and intellectual property, synthesizing a solid knowledge base for discussing the use of these intelligent mechanisms within academic production.
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Valčo, Michal. „ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT“. In International Conference on Political Theory: The International Conference on Human Resources for Sustainable Development. Bach Khoa Publishing House, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/icpt.hust.2023.34.

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"The research purpose is to explore the ethical implications of AI integration in HRM practices and its potential contribution to sustainable development. Research motivation: The rapid advancement of AI has brought forth numerous opportunities and challenges in HRM, including privacy concerns, bias, and discrimination. However, AI also has the potential to foster a culture of ethics and sustainability in organizations, and to address non-traditional security challenges and promote economic self-reliance. Research design, approach, and method: This paper will conduct a literature review of the latest research on AI in HRM and its ethical implications. The review will examine the relationship between AI and the ethical dimensions of HRM, such as privacy, surveillance, bias, and discrimination. It will also discuss the role of AI in fostering a culture of ethics and sustainability within organizations, and how it can be utilized to address non-traditional security challenges and promote an independent and self-reliant economy. Main findings: AI in HRM raises significant ethical concerns, including privacy and surveillance concerns, the potential for bias and discrimination, and the risk of over-reliance on AI at the expense of human judgment. AI has the potential to contribute significantly to sustainable development by optimizing resource allocation, improving efficiency, and facilitating decision-making processes. It can also foster a culture of ethics and sustainability within organizations and address non-traditional security challenges. However, the potential negative impacts of AI on sustainable development, such as its significant energy consumption and the risk of job displacement, should not be overlookedPractical/managerial implications: To harness the potential of AI in HRM while mitigating its risks, it is crucial to establish best practices and guidelines for its ethical use. These should include defining clear goals and objectives for AI implementation, involving stakeholders in the process, ensuring data quality, continuously monitoring and evaluating AIdriven processes, and addressing ethical considerations. Organizations must also carefully consider and address the challenges of implementing AI in HRM, such as data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, ethical considerations, resistance to change, integration with existing systems, ensuring AI complements human decision-making, legal and regulatory compliance, and skills gap."
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Barros Castro, Ricardo Abad, und Gabriel Alfonso Suárez Medina. „Pedagogical strategy to promote ethics and profesional responsability in engineering curricula“. In Nuevas realidades para la educación en ingeniería: currículo, tecnología, medio ambiente y desarrollo. Asociacion Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/paper.2585.

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During several decades, engineering was considered a morally and ethically neutral profession. Therefore, it was assumed that reflections about ethics and moral were not necessary. Consequently, questions have been outlined to include ethics in engineering curricula. These questions have been developed slowly in the last decades with the imperative need of designing an ethical framework to inform technical decisions that engineers make in project management. Associated with this issue, some curricular guidance have been found. The first one is based on the educational framework for curricular design named CDIO (conceive, design, implement, operate). CDIO initiative establishes that in the curriculum should be explicit, the promotion of ethics, social responsibility, integrity, professional behavior, staying current on the world of engineering, a commitment to work embracing equity, diversity, and teamwork. The second guidance refers to the field of accreditation board – ABET. ABET declares that students are expected to know and be able to do some knowledge, skills, and behaviors associated to their progress in the program. In particular, an expected student outcome is related to the ability for recognizing ethical and professional responsibilities in engineering context and make informed judgments considering global, economic, environmental, and societal backgrounds. Previous studies guide the “ought to” mode curricula related to ethics. Literature has acknowledged several challenges to carry out that mode: unsystematic implementation of ethics, the low weight given to this subject in the curriculum, the low familiarity with the theoretical knowledge in ethics, instructors’ difficulties to structure a comprehensive, theoretical and practical framework, among others. Considering this background, the School of Engineering at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ) has made curricular reflections for designing a pedagogical strategy focused on ethics and social responsibility. This strategy involves several milestones, such as: shared reflections between the faculty of Engineering and the Center of Teological Formation to design educational activities, a systematic “roadmap” to approach ethics issues in the program, the strengthening of ethics reflections in mandatory disciplinary courses, the inclusion of voluntary workshops to explore and identify values among students, the promotion of ethics and social and professional responsibilities in designing engineering projects, and the proposal of quantitative and qualitative measures to reflect about students’ progress in the field of moral and ethics. In this context, the paper introduces some literature considerations about ethics in engineering education. Then, it presents the conceptual and methodological framework that underlies the pedagogical strategy. After that, the designed strategy is described. Finally, some reflections about the implementation and future work are discussed.
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Obi, Ike, und Colin M. Gray. „Auditing Practitioner Judgment for Algorithmic Fairness Implications“. In 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ETHICS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ethics57328.2023.10154992.

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Schilberg, Daniel, Jelena Borovica, Lea Vianden, Meiko Litzba und Florian Millmann. „Robots in Popular Sciences Compared with their Real Capabilities“. In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002316.

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In this paper, statements from popular science sources are contrasted with data from primary science articles and studies. It is observed to what extent the opinions and statements of the popular science articles differ from the studies and scientific articles in terms of ethics and acceptance. For this purpose, the field is divided into 4 fields, which are processed independently.To begin with, the industrial robots are examined. These are used in the area of production as well as in the area of maintenance and repair. These robots are able to learn from each other and to work with each other and with humans. Even a tire change can be carried out by an industrial robot today. Likewise, new developments offer construction spaces that are difficult for humans to access. Activities that do not serve industrial production, but rather the performance of services for people and facilities, are carried out by service robots. They are freely programmable motion devices that perform services partially or fully automatically and are used in the areas of care, gastronomy, tourism, as well as private households. In the future, skills such as flexibility and judgment must be perfected. The use of some service robots is already safe for humans. Similar to service robots, social robotics also focuses on interaction between humans and robots. These are sensorimotor robots that can communicate with humans in a social manner. In doing so, they can build social relationships and constantly learn. The social robots are usually in a human-like (humanoid) or animal-like (animaloid) body, but can also be used merely as software. Examples for application are care, therapy and entertainment robots. In addition to the three physical robots, software robots (software bots) are virtual robots used for process automation. They are the result of the application of Robotic Process Automation (RPA), which includes various approaches and technologies. They are used in almost every industry. In the following paper, the applications of softwarebots in finance, healthcare, public administration, and law are examined. Only minor discrepancies between the secondary literature studied and the state of the art can be observed in the texts examined.For the industrial robots, no deviations from statements from popular science sources can be found. In the secondary literature, however, these are not found as frequently as the other robot types studied. This is probably since the interested parties tend to be companies that are advertised through other channels. Nevertheless, some publications can be found for the manufacturing and maintenance and repair sectors. The largest application area today is still manufacturing. However, current robot developments offer promising and potential benefits for the maintenance and repair of industrial plants. In comparison, the research on service robots have shown that a variety of characteristics and capabilities are attributed to them in the secondary literature, most of which are consistent with the status quo of service robotics. In the next area examined, social robotics, the claims from the secondary literature, as with the previous robot types, deviate little from the primary scientific facts. In the technical area, the claims of the secondary literature are fundamentally true, although the ability of robots is generalized in some aspects. Softawarebots, on the other hand, are partially distinct from the previously mentioned robots. Especially the terms used for software applications as software bots in popular science articles do not refer to scientific classifications.
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Byrne, Graeme, und Lorraine Staehr. „The Evaluation of a Computer Ethics Program“. In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2761.

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The importance of teaching computer ethics is shown by its inclusion as core content in both information systems and computer science model curricula. This paper outlines a method for evaluating undergraduate computer ethics programs using the Defining Issues Test of moral judgment. A “before-and-after with a control group” research design was used. The experimental group exhibited a significantly larger increase in moral judgment development than the control group. This indicates that computer ethics teaching is having a useful effect on students’ ethical development.
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Dharma, Pradhika Yudha, Widyawan und Azkario Rizky Pratama. „Legal Judgment Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review“. In 2023 International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics, Intelligent Manufacture and Industrial Automation (ICAMIMIA). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icamimia60881.2023.10427855.

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Senadji, Bouchra, Elisa Martinez-Marroquin und Lincoln A. Wood. „Moral judgment into moral action: Enhancing the teaching of engineering ethics“. In 9th Research in Engineering Education Symposium & 32nd Australasian Association for Engineering Education Conference. https://reen.co/: Research in Enineering Education Network (REEN), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/066488-0010.

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Hamad, Jehan Abu, Maram Hasanain, Mahmoud Abdulwahed und Rashid Al-Ammari. „Ethics in engineering education: A literature review“. In 2013 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2013.6685099.

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Amrullah, Imron, Hetty Purnamasari, Ni Sarmi und Imayah Imayah. „Da'wah Ethics in Candra Malik's Sufistic Literature“. In Proceedings of the 1st Asian Conference on Humanities, Industry, and Technology for Society, ACHITS 2019, 30-31 July 2019, Surabaya, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-7-2019.2287589.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Judgment (ethics) in literature"

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DeWolf. L52137 Risk Assessment Methodology for Releases from Underground Storage Near-Well Equipment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), März 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011003.

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A risk assessment methodology was developed for atmospheric, accidental natural gas and highly volatile liquid releases from near-well equipment, for underground storage in caverns and formations (gas only). The assessment was based on certain standard configurations defined by an Industry Project Group associated with this study. Fault trees we developed for storage well components associated with the following equipment modules: the meter run, wellhead, downhole, emergency shutdown, and displacement brine (HVL storage only) subsystems. Risk was assessed as the probability of a significant hydrocarbon release. Data for populating the fault tree examples were taken from open literature sources of generic data; based on operator experience; and based on engineering judgment. Opportunities for further development and enhancement of the current methodology and results are discussed.
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Tang, Jiqin, Gong Zhang, Jinxiao Xing, Ying Yu und Tao Han. Network Meta-analysis of Heat-clearing and Detoxifying Oral Liquid of Chinese Medicines in Treatment of Children’s Hand-foot-mouth Disease：a protocol for systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, Januar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0032.

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Review question / Objective: The type of study was clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT). The object of study is the patients with HFMD. There is no limit to gender and race. In the case of clear diagnosis standard, curative effect judgment standard and consistent baseline treatment, the experimental group was treated with pure oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine(A: Fuganlin oral liquid, B: huangzhihua oral liquid, C: Lanqin oral liquid, D: antiviral oral liquid, E: Huangqin oral liquid, F: Pudilan oral liquid, G: Shuanghuanglian oral liquid.)and the control group was treated with ribavirin or any oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine. The data were extracted by two researchers independently, cross checked and reviewed according to the pre-determined tables. The data extraction content is (1) Basic information (including the first author, published journal and year, research topic). (2) Relevant information (including number of cases, total number of cases, gender, age, intervention measures, course of treatment of the experimental group and the control group in the literature). (3) Design type and quality evaluation information of the included literature. (4) Outcome measures (effective rate, healing time of oral ulcer, regression time of hand and foot rash, regression time of fever, adverse reactions.). The seven traditional Chinese medicine oral liquids are comparable in clinical practice, but their actual clinical efficacy is lack of evidence-based basis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use the network meta-analysis method to integrate the clinical relevant evidence of direct and indirect comparative relationship, to make quantitative comprehensive statistical analysis and sequencing of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine with the same evidence body for the treatment of the disease, and then to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the efficacy and safety of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine to get the best treatment plan, so as to provide reference value and evidence-based medicine evidence for clinical optimization of drug selection. Condition being studied: Hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in pediatrics caused by a variety of enteroviruses. Its clinical manifestations are mainly characterized by persistent fever, hand foot rash, oral herpes, ulcers, etc. Because it is often found in preschool children, its immune system development is not perfect, so it is very vulnerable to infection by pathogens and epidemic diseases, resulting in rapid progress of the disease. A few patients will also have neurogenic pulmonary edema Meningitis, myocarditis and other serious complications even lead to death, so effectively improve the cure rate, shorten the course of disease, prevent the deterioration of the disease as the focus of the study. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the research of antiviral treatment. Many clinical practices have confirmed that oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively play the role of antiviral and improve the body's immunity.
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Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.

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Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.
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