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1
Dobrinskaya, Olga Alexeyevna. „Peacekeeping in Foreign Policy of Japan“. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, Nr. 4 (15.12.2020): 721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-4-721-737.
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The article analyses Japanese approach towards peacekeeping and issues associated with Japans participation in the peacekeeping operations (PKOs). It focuses on factors which influence shaping and transformation of Japans approach towards this sphere of UN activity. For the first time, Japan sent its Self-defense forces to participate in the PKO in the early 1990s and since then peacemaking has become one of the symbols of Japan's contribution to international security. Despite the significance of cooperation with the UN that the Japanese government has underlined, the indicators that characterize Japan's participation in peacekeeping remain at a low level. In the article, the author explores the causes of this phenomenon and identifies patterns that characterize the models of Japanese participation in PKO. Using the historical method and content analysis of official documents and speeches by Japans representatives the author explores the hypothesis that currently, from the point of view of the Japanese government, the issue of participation in the PKOs is important as a way to adapt the public to the expansion of the sphere of activity of the Self-defense forces, but in practice, the ruling circles seek to avoid the risks associated with the participation of the Japanese military in the PKOs, preferring to shift the focus on peace-building, financial, educational and technological contribution that Japan can make to UN operations. The concept of active pacifism promoted by Abe did not lead to a more extensive participation of the Japanese military in the PKOs. An analysis of current trends in peacekeeping suggests that the participation of Self-defense forces in PKOs will remain at a low level and will be offset by other opportunities for Japan to contribute to international peacekeeping.
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Jang, Hyun Soo, Eun Bi Go und Won Suk Nam. „Study of UX/UI design specificity in Japanese mobile applications through case analysis: focusing on Japanese entity services“. Korea Institute of Design Research Society 8, Nr. 3 (30.09.2023): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46248/kidrs.2023.3.212.
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The Japanese manufacturing and IT industries, often compared to Galapagosization, have developed differently from the global market since the 1990s. To address potential disruptions in industrial development, Japan's government established the Digital Agency and South Korea's Ministry of SMEs and Startups began supporting Korean IT companies in entering the Japanese market. This study is part of preliminary research for developing “Mobile Service Localization Guidelines for Korean IT Companies in the Japanese Market” and aims to understand Japanese mobile service specificity. It involves understanding Japan's socio-cultural characteristics, analyzing Japanese user behavior across various media, and validating findings through expert interviews. The study evaluated UX/UI specificity in approximately 15 Japanese mobile services, uncovering significant cases reflecting Japanese user characteristics.
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Lu, Sidney Xu. „Eastward Ho! Japanese Settler Colonialism in Hokkaido and the Making of Japanese Migration to the American West, 1869–1888“. Journal of Asian Studies 78, Nr. 03 (20.06.2019): 521–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911819000147.
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This article examines how Japanese colonial migration to Hokkaido in the first two decades of the Meiji era paved the way for Japanese trans-Pacific migration to the United States in the 1880s. It elaborates how Japanese leaders carefully emulated the Anglo-American settler colonialism in Japan's own expansion in Hokkaido by focusing on the emergence of the overpopulation discourse and its political impact in early Meiji. This colonial imitation also inspired the Japanese expansionists to consider the American West an ideal destination for Japanese emigration in the late nineteenth century. This study thus challenges the nation-centered and territory-bound history of the Japanese empire by showing that Japan's colonial expansion in Northeast Asia and Japanese trans-Pacific migration to North America were intertwined since the very beginning of the Meiji era.
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Eremeev, Anton Alekseevich. „The significance of the Russo-Japanese War in the fate of Japan and Asia in the XX century“. Исторический журнал: научные исследования, Nr. 3 (März 2023): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2023.3.40551.
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The article examines the fact of Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War as the starting point of Japan's historical development in the XX century, which determined the vector of further changes in Japanese foreign policy and played a significant role in the fate of Asian nations. In modern Russia, the 1904-1905 war is often perceived as a problem exclusively of Russo-Japanese relations and a factor clouding the prospects of good neighborliness. The author of the article aimed to determine the historical significance of Japan's victory in this conflict as an important moral factor for Japanese society, which had a strong international influence in the future. For this purpose author studied materials about the Russo-Japanese War, events preceding the Russo-Japanese war, its prerequisites, directly on the Russo-Japanese War and its results. Based on the data obtained, the author suggests that the results of the Russo-Japanese War had a decisive influence on Japan's transforming into an imperialist state in the first half of the XX century, in what the main role belongs to the acquired from the war victory conviction about the right and ability of Asian nations to resist European colonialism. It is the point from where the further Japanese militaristic policy of the 1930s and 1940s proceeds, which was of great importance in the history of Asian nations, as well as Russia. The article is intended for a wide range of readers interested in Russian and world history, especially for those who want to learn more about the Russo-Japanese war and the non-obvious consequences of Russia's failure in the conflict with Japan.
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Peremislov, I. A., und L. G. Peremislov. „JAPANESE AESTHETICS IN AMERICAN SILVER MASTERPIECES“. Arts education and science 1, Nr. 2 (2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202102010.
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Japanese culture with its unique monuments of architecture, sculpture, painting, small forms, decorative and applied arts, occupies a special place in the development of world art. Influenced by China, Japanese masters created their own unique style based on the aesthetics of contemplation and spiritual harmony of man and nature. In the context of "Japan's inspiration" the work refers to the influence of the art of the Land of the Rising Sun on American decorative arts and, in particular, on the silver jewelry industry in trends of a new aesthetic direction of the last third of the XIXth century, the "Aesthetic movement". The article provides a brief overview of the history of the emergence and development of decorative silver art in the United States. The important centers of silversmithing in the USA and the most important American manufacturers of the XIXth century are described in more detail. The article also touches on the influence of Japanese aesthetic ideas on European creative groups and on the formation of innovative ideas in European decorative arts. At the same time, an attempt is made to trace the origin, development trends, evolution and variations of "Japanesque" style in American decorative and applied art, in particular, in the works of Edward Moore and Charles Osborne (Tiffany & Co jewelry multinational company).
6
Wilson, Sandra. „The Manchurian Crisis and Moderate Japanese Intellectuals: The Japan Council of the Institute of Pacific Relations“. Modern Asian Studies 26, Nr. 3 (Juli 1992): 507–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009896.
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Ever since its occurrence, the ‘Manchurian Incident’ of September 1931 has been interpreted, by both Japanese and non-Japanese writers, as a crucial event in modern Japanese and, indeed, world history. Not least, it has been identified as the beginning of Japan's ‘fifteen-year war’. Whether or not such judgements are accepted, it must be recognized that the Manchurian Incident and subsequent events significantly affected the workings of Japanese politics in the 1930s, the relationship between civil and military authorities and Japan's international image in the years leading up to the Pacific War.
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Takamine, Tsukasa. „Development Cooperation as a Foundation of Japan's Foreign Policy“. International Studies Review 10, Nr. 1 (15.10.2009): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01001001.
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This paper addresses the question of what do Japanese foreign policymakers exactly mean when they repeatedly state that development cooperation has been, and still is, a foundation of postwar Japanese foreign policy, through a case study of Japan's official development assistance (ODA) towards China. More particularly, it investigates the complex policy objectives of Japanese ODA and the broader interests behind it, in order to clarify roles and significance of development assistance within Japan's overall foreign policy. My research demonstrates that despite its inherently economic nature, Japan's ODA provision to recipient countries has in application been more politico-strategic than commercial. Thus, it supports the point that development cooperation has undoubtedly been a foundation of postwar Japanese foreign policy.
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Wu, Chenghao, und Haoyuan Zhang. „The Influence of Sino-Japanese Zen Communication on Five Mountain Poetry: A Case Study of Zekkai Chuushin“. Communications in Humanities Research 21, Nr. 1 (07.12.2023): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/21/20231437.
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Five Mountain culture, a unique Sino-Japanese exchange, shaped Japan's development via Zen monks. These monks in China and Japan infused Zen's allure into Japan, initially captivating aristocrats and later the masses. As Five Mountain culture spread, it met the ruling party's needs, blending Chinese culture with local roots to form a distinct Japanese culture. Zen monks, especially Zekkai Chuushin, who studied in China, played pivotal roles. Zekkai Chuushin's Zen mastery, appreciation of Chinese customs, and study of Ming Dynasty calligraphy and poetry influenced the spread of Chinese culture. His masterpiece, "Jiao Jian Gao," epitomizes Chinese poetry in Five Mountain, encompassing nostalgia for China, yearning for homeland, and critiques of Japanese politics. Zekkai Chuushin's works reflect a deep exchange between Chinese and Japanese Zen literature, illustrating China's profound impact on Japanese Zen during the Muromachi period. This study explores how Japanese Zen monks, especially Zekkai Chuushin, drew inspiration from Chinese poetry. Through analysis of his poems, the authors examine the influence and adaptation of Chinese poetry in Japanese Zen literature. The comparative analysis highlights similarities and differences with native Chinese poets, shedding light on Japan's reception of Chinese culture in the Five Mountain period. Zekkai Chuushin creatively embraced Chinese poetry, leaving a profound mark on Japanese literature, skillfully merging tradition with originality and enriching Japanese literary culture while preserving Chinese poetic heritage, showcasing Japan's connection to Chinese culture through the Han language.
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Lee, sang-won. „The base country Japan’s aid diplomacy to Vietnam“. Korean Association of Regional Sociology 23, Nr. 3 (31.12.2022): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35175/krs.2022.23.3.183.
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After the war, Japan laid the groundwork for the establishment of the ideology of a “peaceful state” by stipulating the renunciation of war in Article 9 of the Constitution. However, a contradictory situation arises when Japan assumes the role of a rear base for US warfare during the Korean War and Vietnam War. In other words, the concept of a ‘peace state’ was a ‘base state’ that entrusted Japan’s security guarantees to American-style diplomacy. Japan gained enormous benefits from the special effects of the Korean War, accounting for 63% of Japan’s exports at the time. On the other hand, the Vietnam War accounted for only 7-8% of Japan's exports, even including direct and indirect impacts, and there was no economic gain as much as in the Korean War. However, due to the Vietnam War, some countries in Southeast Asia, including Korea, have been on the trajectory of economic development, and Considering the structure of the international environment that has supported Japan’s rapid economic growth and economic development, the impact of the Vietnam War was much greater than expected. The Vietnam War is generally evaluated by Japanese as ‘Fire Across the Sea’, and in the discussion surrounding Japan’s role, it is pointed out it is a ‘participant in the aggression’. From the point of view of the Japanese people who regard Japan as a “peace country” and the Japanese people who have accepted democracy as a national identity, it has become natural for Japan to oppose the US war in Vietnam. Therefore, during the Vietnam War, citizens and students each participated in the nonviolent anti-war movement called Bepyongryeon (Peace in Vietnam! Citizens’ Union) and the ‘Zenkyoto Battle’ movement, which was organized around the students of the new left, in connection with the movement developed with the residents around the base, and Civil society began to be embraced. In this paper, we try to explore the form of the Japanese government's aid to Vietnam in this social awareness. In this paper, I try to explore the form of the Japanese government’s aid to Vietnam in this social awareness. In particular, in accordance with the mandatory implementation of the U.S.-Japan security treaty, the Japanese government provided a base to the United States and played a role in the Vietnam War and at the same time engaged in aid diplomacy. I think it will be meaningful to review and explore the direction of aid diplomacy through characteristics.
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Motobayashi, Kyoko. „Language teacher subjectivities in Japan’s diaspora strategies: Teaching my language as someone’s heritage language“. Multilingua 35, Nr. 4 (18.03.2016): 441–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2015-8011.
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Abstract This study demonstrates the ways in which discourses in a state-sponsored volunteer program incited transformations of individual subjectivities, focusing on a group of Japanese language teacher volunteers training in Japan to become teachers of Japanese as a heritage language for the country’s diaspora (Nikkei) population in South America. As teachers of heritage Japanese at Japanese language schools in these Nikkei communities, their work was central to Japan’s diaspora strategies, which reframe the Nikkei population as Japan’s “diplomatic assets” connected to Japan through their Nikkei identity. Focusing on these language teachers as important actors in Japan’s diaspora strategies, this study illustrates how their encounter with the institutional discourses resulted in the transformations of their subjectivities. Such transformations occurred during the volunteer training sessions hosted by Japan’s international cooperation agency to conceptualize their roles as teachers of Japanese as someone’s heritage language. By illustrating the ways in which these volunteer individuals’ transformations fit within state diaspora strategies, this article underscores the role of state actors in the process of subjectification, which has tended to be overlooked in previous studies of governmentality.
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Guo, Jiaxin. „Japanese animation development and market strategy“. BCP Business & Management 38 (02.03.2023): 2470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v38i.4122.
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This article will first briefly describe the development process of Japanese animation, and outline that the Japanese animation industry struggled to survive in the Japanese market in the early days, gradually developed and seized market share in the mainstream European and American animation at that time, and successfully seized the international market share. After several difficulties and crises, it finally became the history of Japan's proud cultural soft power. After that, this research will analyze the impact of streaming media platforms on the Japanese animation market in the current booming Internet era, and briefly talk about the opportunities and challenges he faces. At the same time, some measures and changes of the Japanese animation industry in response to the new media crisis will be listed. Finally, it analyzes how the Japanese animation market grows gradually in Japan's domestic market and international market, and analyzes the strategy in the face of changes.
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Saxonhouse, Gary R. „What Does Japanese Trade Structure Tell Us About Japanese Trade Policy?“ Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, Nr. 3 (01.08.1993): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.7.3.21.
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Some argue foreign access to Japanese markets remains tightly controlled and that if Japan is to be a member in good standing of the international economic system, Japan must do more than just adhere to the formal rules of the GATT; Japan must show by the results of its international economic transactions that foreign access to its market is not tightly controlled. As this point of view is increasingly dominating American economic diplomacy with Japan, it is particularly important that its premise be examined. First I examine Japan's growth record and trade record. To the extent that Japan's trade performance is different, I explore whether the difference can legitimately be attributed to Japanese policies. This paper finds that neither the price behavior of Japanese firms nor the pattern and volume of what Japan imports or exports suggests that Japan's trade regime is different. Some of Japan's economic institutions may be distinctive but there is little evidence they produce outcomes which distort the international economic system. What remains to be explained is the conviction of so many that Japan is more a parasite than a pillar of the international economic system. The record of economic research directly and indirectly bearing on this issue does not support such a conclusion at all.
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Dehars, Rizky Aurelia Putri. „Matahara dan Patahara: Tantangan Hak Cuti Mengurus Anak Dalam Budaya Korporasi Jepang“. IZUMI 12, Nr. 2 (21.12.2023): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.12.2.183-192.
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This research discusses about maternity harassment and paternity harasement that is happening in Japanese work environment which linked to Japan;s declining population. The writer used qualitative method and literature study from Japanese ministries websites, Japanese and international news article,as well as local and international journal. From teh data that has been gathered and analyzed, it can be concluded that maternity harassment and paternity harassment was caused by Japanese corporations long-hours work environment. Those who can’t comply to the rules were seen as incompetent and jeopardized the company. However, this mistreatment and the Japanese work environment were also causing Japanes population to decline.
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MULGAN, AURELIA GEORGE. „Japan's Interventionist State: Bringing Agriculture Back In“. Japanese Journal of Political Science 6, Nr. 1 (April 2005): 29–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109905001714.
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One of the perennial controversies in the study of Japanese political economy has centred on the role of the government in the economy and in Japan's economic growth. The best-known model of Japanese political economy is the ‘capitalist developmental state’, which offers both a descriptive model of Japanese political economy and an explanation for Japan's postwar economic miracle in terms of bureaucracy-led intervention. As a descriptive model, the ‘capitalist developmental state’ both over-generalises and under-generalises key features of Japan's political economy. It over-generalises because it builds a model of Japanese political economy based on government-business relations in a number of large-scale, export-oriented manufacturing industries ignoring inefficient or ‘laggard’ sectors or admitting them only as system supports. The model under-generalises Japanese political economy because types and modes of bureaucratic intervention are consistent across different sectors of the economy, and in fact are more prevalent in weaker sectors, such as agriculture.
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Peremyslov, I. A., und L. G. Peremyslova. „JAPANESE AESTHETICS IN MASTERPIECES OF AMERICAN SILVER“. Arts education and science 1, Nr. 1 (2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202101010.
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Japanese culture with its unique monuments of architecture, sculpture, painting, small forms, decorative and applied arts, occupies a special place in the development of world art. Influenced by China, Japanese masters created their own unique style based on the aesthetics of contemplation and spiritual harmony of man and nature. In the context of "Japan's inspiration" the work refers to the influence of the art of the Land of the Rising Sun on American decorative arts and, in particular, on the silver jewelry industry in trends of a new aesthetic direction of the last third of the XIXth century, the "Aesthetic movement". The article provides a brief overview of the history of the emergence and development of decorative silver art in the United States. The important centers of silversmithing in the USA and the most important American manufacturers of the XIXth century are described in more detail. The article also touches on the influence of Japanese aesthetic ideas on European creative groups and on the formation of innovative ideas in European decorative arts. At the same time, an attempt is made to trace the origin, development trends, evolution and variations of "Japanesque" style in American decorative and applied art, in particular, in the works of Edward Moore and Charles Osborne (Tiffany jewelry multinational company).
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Mozebakh, V. A., und R. O. Reinhardt. „Japanese ‘Scientific Diaspora’ in 21st Century: Features of Self-Organization and State Policy towards Japanese Researchers Overseas“. Nauchnyi dialog 13, Nr. 2 (23.03.2024): 449–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-2-449-476.
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This article examines the evolution of Japan’s policy towards the community of Japanese researchers working abroad, tentatively referred to as the scientific diaspora. It traces the formation characteristics of this community in the 21st century and questions the legitimacy of recognizing it as a ‘scientific diaspora’. The article presents a periodization of Japan’s course towards the ‘scientific diaspora’, encompassing four stages. To verify the collected data, an interview with a representative of the Japanese ‘scientific diaspora’ in Russia was conducted. Among the main motives for the emigration of Japanese researchers abroad, underfunding and bureaucratization of science in Japan, an excess of non-research-related tasks, and a general decline in the international prestige of national science were identified. The authors conclude that Japan’s policy towards the ‘scientific diaspora’ until the second half of the 2010s was overshadowed by general diaspora policies. Currently, the largest organization of Japanese scientists abroad, UJAW, is under close government scrutiny. The analysis confirms the status of communities of Japanese scientists abroad as a scientific diaspora. It is established that decision-makers in scientific policy consider that scientific workers do not completely sever ties with their homeland and can contribute to achieving Japan’s strategic development goals.
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Danquah, Francis K. „Reports on Philippine Industrial Crops in World War II from Japan’s English Language Press“. Agricultural History 79, Nr. 1 (01.01.2005): 74–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-79.1.74.
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Abstract Japan’s occupation of Southeast Asia placed enormous stocks of the region’s industrial crops under Japanese control. English language Japanese newspaper reports from the Philippines suggest that the invaders grossly under-utilized this vast storehouse of agricultural wealth. Washington’s pre-war oil embargo severely crippled military and civilian transport services throughout the war, and Japan’s conversion of cane sugar into fuel alcohol and butane for aviation fuel failed to generate successful outcomes. Also, as the Pacific War eliminated cotton imports from the United States, India, and Egypt, placing numerous Japanese textile factories in jeopardy, Tokyo attempted to replace Philippine cane sugar plantings that previously served US markets with raising raw cotton for Japanese textile interests. In the Philippines, however, multifarious bottlenecks crippled all of Tokyo’s wartime farm projects. Though the Japanese occupation was short-lived, it demonstrated Tokyo’s intention to adjust the Philippine economy into a dependent relationship with Japanese industries.
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Narangoa, Li. „Educating Mongols and Making ‘Citizens’ of Manchukuo“. Inner Asia 3, Nr. 2 (2001): 101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481701793647651.
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AbstractTo control its new possessions Japan needed a mobilisation strategy of its own. In developing this strategy Japan placed great emphasis on education. The Japanese authorities saw education as tool for shaping society to serve their purposes and as part of their broader efforts to establish their dominance. This essay focuses on Japanese education policies towards the Mongols in Manchukuo. The Mongols of Manchukuo had a special place in Japanese policies in the new state. A clear Mongol political presence was essential to the Japanese construction of Manchukuo as a multi-ethnic state. The central problem for the Japanese was whether to make the Mongols of Manchukuo good and useful citizens of Manchukuo or whether to make them the spearhead of a larger Japanese orientated Mongol state north of China. Japan's education policies amongst the Mongols reflected these contradictory aspirations and therefore highlight Japan's general educational dilemmas in its Asian colonies.
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COOK, HARUKO TAYA, und THEODORE F. COOK. „A lost war in living memory: Japan’s Second World War“. European Review 11, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2003): 573–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798703000498.
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We examine the strata of memory in Japan’s recollections of the wartime experience and explore the shaping and releasing of memory in Japan, seeking to penetrate and recover individual Japanese experience. Individual memories that seemed tightly contained, when released were told with great emotional intensity and authenticity. That there has been little public discourse does not mean that individual Japanese have forgotten that war, but that the conflict – a war with no generally accepted name or firmly fixed start or end – seems disconnected from the private memories of the wartime generation. Japan was defeated thoroughly and completely, and in the history of memory we see no well-established narrative form for telling the tale of the defeated. In Japan's public memory of the war, War itself is often the enemy, and the Japanese its victims. Such a view is ahistorical and unsatisfactory to nations and peoples throughout Asia and the Pacific. The prevailing myths during Japan's war, developed and fostered over 15 years of conflict, and the overwhelming weight of more than three million war dead on the memories of the living forged a link between a desire to honour and cherish those lost and the ways the war is recalled in the public sphere. Enforced and encouraged by government policies and private associations, protecting the dead has become a means of avoiding a full discussion of the war. The memorials and monuments to the Dead that have been created throughout Japan, Asia, and the Pacific stand silent sentry to a Legend of the war. This must be challenged by the release into the public sphere of living memories of the War in all their ambiguity, complexity, and contradiction without which Japan’s Memory can have no historical veracity. Moreover, the memories of the Second World War of other peoples can never be complete without Japan’s story.
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Nesa, Fakhria, und Rachmidian Rahayu. „Anime sebagai Media Pembelajaran Folklor Jepang“. MUKADIMAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial 8, Nr. 1 (01.04.2024): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/mkd.v8i1.9094.
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Using anime as a learning medium innovates Japanese language education, particularly in teaching Japanese folklore. This qualitative descriptive study assesses anime's efficacy in imparting knowledge of Japanese folklore to Japanese language learners. By examining various forms of folklore literature alongside anime featuring Japanese folklore themes, the research elucidates cultural meanings and societal aspects in Japan. For instance, "Kaguya Hime" anime adapts oral folklore, showcasing Japanese reverence for nature and Buddhist beliefs. "Chihayafuru" anime features Karuta, a traditional Japanese folk game, reflecting discipline and appreciation for nature depicted in Japanese poetry. "Deaimon" anime portrays non-verbal folklore through traditional Japanese cuisine, emphasizing Japan's reverence for nature evident in culinary artistry. The findings underscore anime's potential to deepen learners' understanding of Japanese culture and folklore, fostering cross-cultural appreciation and linguistic proficiency.
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Jo, Kyu-hyun. „Isotakeshima Oboegaki and Japan’s Confirmation of Dokdo as Korean Territory in the Late Seventeenth Century“. Journal of History 58, Nr. 2-3 (01.12.2023): 194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jh-2023-0023.
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The Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs officially claims that Japan had discovered Takeshima (Dokdo) since the seventeenth century, but this article argues that quite to the contrary, Isotakeshima Oboegaki, a primary source that confirms Japan’s recognition of Dokdo as Korean territory, clearly corrects this claim. Isotakeshima Oboegaki’s importance can be explained in three ways. First, Japan’s official position regarding Dokdo wrongly conflates different uses of “Takeshima” depending on historical context and ignores that it was because of a paucity of Japanese sources confirming Japanese ownership over Takeshima (Ulleungdo) and a comparative certainty from the Korean government, forcing a reluctant Bakufu to admit the deficit in historical evidence and order that Japanese fishermen cannot trespass into Ulleungdo. Second, Isotakeshima Oboegaki was not just a document of its time but a key primary source that the Meiji government invoked as undeniable evidence to officially declare in the Dajokan Directive that neither Dokdo nor Ulleungdo were under Japanese sovereignty due to a paucity of evidence. Finally, Isotakeshima Oboegaki terminates Japan’s logic regarding Dokdo because it contradicts the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ claim of “original discovery” regarding Dokdo and Ulleungdo and corrects the mistaken notion of terra nullius.
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Leitenberg, Milton. „The Participation of Japanese Military Forces in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations“. Asian Perspective 20, Nr. 1 (März 1996): 5–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/apr.1996.a921157.
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Abstract: Since their establishment in 1954, the Self Defense Forces (SDF) of Japan have been a contentious issue in Japanese domestic politics. The legitimacy of their existence was opposed by the Japanese Socialist Party, which warned, in addition, of the dangers inherent in their existence or expansion. Nevertheless, as early as 1958 and again in 1961, there were requests from UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold to the Japanese government that Japan commit members of the SDF for service with United Nations peacekeeping missions. Such proposals were supported by the Japanese ambassador to the United Nations, by U.S. diplomats, and by a series of Japanese commissions established to examine the nation’s national security issues. These suggestions were rejected for decades by successive Japanese governments of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party. Under the pressure of the 1990-1991 Gulf War, however, authorizing legislation was finally passed in June 1992. Additionally, a rapid and large increase in UN peacekeeping operations after the end of the cold war, and the complete reversal of the positions of the Japanese Socialist Party when Tomiichi Murayama became prime minister in June 1994 in a coalition government, have totally altered Japan’s stance on international peacekeeping. Members of Japan’s SDF have now been successfully deployed with UN peacekeeping missions in Cambodia, Mozambique, Zaire, and most recently in the Golan Heights. Asian countries that had expressed qualms and reservations about Japan’s participation beforehand now evidently accept it. All of these deployments have so far been under the provisions of Chapter 6 of the UN Charter, which excludes participation in combat. The 1992 legislation, however, permits eventual expansion of Japan’s participation, if the Japanese parliament approves the extension. This article reviews the history of these developments, and particularly the events that have taken place since 1990. It then assesses the desirability and potential benefits that may result from the participation of Japanese military forces in UN peacekeeping operations, as well as the fears that have been expressed to the effect that such expansion of the roles of the SDF could ultimately lead to a resurgence of Japanese “militarism.” Finally, the article discusses in some detail the major source of reservation regarding the future conduct of Japanese governments once the threshold of SDF service beyond Japan’s shores has been crossed.
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Ardisa, Faustina, und Utari Novella. „The Use of Ateji as Figurative Speech in Japanese Song Lyrics“. JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang 6, Nr. 2 (19.12.2021): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/japanedu.v6i2.37780.
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This study aims to analyze the types of ateji used in Japanese song lyrics, and to analyze ateji as a form of figurative speech by the semantic-semiotic connection between the words used in ateji’s writing and reading. Analysis is done qualitatively based on Shirose’s theory of ateji classification and Japan’s hiyu hyougen (figurative speech) theory. This research resulted in the finding of 4 ateji types in Japanese song lyrics, which are ateji for foreign words pronunciation, ateji for pronouns, ateji for replacing words, and ateji for words used in specific titles/works. The use of metaphor (in’yu), metonymy (kan’yu), and synecdoche (teiyu) are also found between the uses of ateji, based on the relation of the words in said ateji. The words can be linked through contextual relation, conceptual relation, or semantical relation. The connection of the words can also result in similar uses as other figurative speeches not included in Japanese’s hiyu hyougen, which indicated that ateji can be handled and understood as a general form of figurative speech in written Japanese language.
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Ahn, Jae-Ik. „The Beginning of the Sino-Japanese War and International Politics in East Asia in the 1930s: Focusing on the Protracted Course of the War“. Korean Association For Japanese History 61 (31.08.2023): 157–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24939/kjh.2023.8.61.157.
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When examining the outbreak and protracted course of the Sino-Japanese War, it is important to note the attitudes of neighboring countries such as the United States and the Soviet Union toward the Sino-Japanese issue, which arose as a result of Japan's aggressive continental policy, and how these attitudes influenced the outbreak of the war. Given that the Sino-Japanese War was a protracted eight-year war fought by the Chinese government with the support of the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom, and that it was an international event that directly influenced the outbreak of the Asia-Pacific War, it is necessary to understand the diplomatic process surrounding the war, not just the decision to escalate the war within the Japanese leadership and the decision to wage a protracted global war.
After the Manchurian Incident, Japan's East Asian policy included an aggressive expansion of its influence on the Chinese mainland, which was embodied in aggressive public policies such as the army-led campaign to separate Hwaseong from North Korea. In response to these Japanese public policies, the Chinese government actively sought internal and diplomatic means to resist, while the Soviet Union and the United States, both of which were paying attention to East Asian affairs, gradually shifted their policies toward supporting China in the Sino-Japanese conflict and deterring Japanese aggression. The fact that 1935 was the year when Japan's public policy became overtly aggressive, as symbolized by the separation of Hwaseong, and that Sino-Japanese relations began to trend in a friendly direction from this year shows that the attitude of neighboring countries toward the Sino-Japanese dispute had already shifted in a direction favorable to China before the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War.
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Pynn, Tom. „Nitobe, Bushido - The Soul Of Japan“. Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 29, Nr. 2 (01.09.2004): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.29.2.98-99.
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Japanese modernization, 1868-1919, sparked changes in all aspects of national life, from language to governmental structure to aesthetic techniques. Internally, a shift from a feudal past to a modem future prompted Japanese intellectuals to rethink the significance of Japan's past and interrogate the role of that past in the present and future. Externally, the rise of Japanese nationalism, especially during and after the first Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), destabilized the Pacific Rim.
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Oguma, Eiji. „Sociology of the Japanese, by the Japanese, for the Japanese: A short history of unintentional indigenization of sociology in Japan“. International Sociology 36, Nr. 5 (September 2021): 684–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02685809211057556.
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The majority of Japanese social scientists have treated the idea of indigenization of social sciences as unrelated to them. However, sociology in Japan also has its own characteristics shaped by the structure of the Japanese society. Since long ago, Japanese sociologists have tried to analyze the unique characteristics of Japanese society and published numerous books on this subject for the Japanese public. Even their eagerness to introduce Western theories of sociology was an integral part of this effort to elucidate Japan’s ‘uniqueness’. The fact that Japan was not colonized and managed to develop an extensive domestic education/labor/language/publishing market played an important role in this predominantly domestic focus of Japanese sociology. The specific nature of the domestic public demand also contributed to this situation. Although it has been gradually changing since 2000s, this autarky resulted in a weak presence of Japanese sociology in the global academic community.
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HOWE, BRENDAN. „Between Normality and Uniqueness: Unwrapping the Enigma of Japanese Security Policy Decision-Making“. Modern Asian Studies 44, Nr. 6 (12.03.2010): 1313–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x09000043.
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AbstractTo many observers Japanese decision-making is an enigma that defies conventional analysis. Neither the traditional rational actor model of decision-making, nor alternative pluralist models proposed for the analysis of Western democracies fit the Japanese case. As a result Japanese security policy decision-making is described as ‘reactive’ or even non-existent. Likewise, the anomaly of Japanese decision-making is ultimately predicted to be resolved through a process of ‘normalization’ whereby Japanese policy formation evolves into a form that does fit these models. However, this paper contends that the fact that Japan's security decision-making does not fit commonly-used models is due rather to the limitations of those models. Japan's security policy, like that of all states, is gradually evolving, but this does not mean that it is about to become just like the West. This paper addresses how a conjuncture of external factors and internal factors has stimulated important changes in Japanese security policy-making which are frequently missed or misinterpreted by observers. In order to understand Japanese security policy-making, and to chart its future course, a refined cybernetic approach is introduced.
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Chen, Yao-yi. „A Comparative Study on the Image of Gifted scholar in the “The Story of the West Chamber” of China and Japan“. Society for Chinese Humanities in Korea 86 (30.04.2024): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35955/jch.2024.04.86.169.
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The word “Gifted scholar” riginated from Chinese literature During the exchange of Chinese culture with East Asian countries, “Gifted scholar” was absorbed by Japan, which was influenced by Chinese culture, and became a synonym for the hero in Japanese romance novels. As an imitative work of the Chinese Yuan drama “The Romance of the West Chamber”, the Japanese Chinese-character novels “The Romance of Happy Couple ” has both similarities and differences with the Image of Gifted scholar in the Story of “The Romance of the West Chamber”. Based on text analysis, this paper will sort out the content about the image of the gifted scholar in the Chinese and Japanese “The Story of the West Chamber”, highlight the different aspects of the image of the gifted scholar in the two works, and focus on exploring the reasons for this difference. The Japanese writer Miki Aika was influenced by Chinese Confucian culture. The male protagonist in “The Romance of Happy Couple” inherited the image of talented scholar who combines talent, amorous feeling and appearance from “The Romance of the West Chamber”. On the other hand, due to the cultural characteristics of the Japanese nation and the development of the Meiji Restoration, the image of the gifted scholar in Japan's “The Story of the West Chamber” has changed again. By examining and comparing the image of the gifted scholar in Chinese and Japanese “The Story of the West Chamber”, this paper explains that although the external image of the hero in the <The Romance of Happy Couple> is similar to that of the Chinese gifted scholar, his inner core characteristics still contain Japan’s national character and contemporaneity.
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Murakami, Daisuke. „Japanese Imaginings of Tibet: Past and Present“. Inner Asia 12, Nr. 2 (2010): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000010794983559.
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AbstractThis article attempts to demonstrate and analyse Japanese images and fantasies that have been projected onto Tibet both in Japan's colonial and contemporary eras. The author focuses particularly on the latter period, investigating literature and social vocabularies demonstrated by important Japanese monks, scholars and travellers who disseminated conflicting and distinctive images of Tibet. In so doing, he argues that Japanese imaginings of Tibet throughout the last century have been inextricably connected both to the nature of Japanese modernity and to the ways in which Japanese interpret their Buddhist traditions and national identity.
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Belov, A. V., A. A. Kireeva, G. D. Paksyutov und Ya V. Mishchenko. „Seminar “Japan in the Asia Pacific Region”“. Japanese Studies in Russia, Nr. 1 (20.04.2024): 136–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2500-2872-2024-1-136-155.
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On September 27, 2023, a seminar “Japan’s Economic Strategy in the Asia-Pacific Region” was held at MGIMO University. During the discussion, various issues related to the problems of Japan’s participation in the processes of international economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region, infrastructure development projects, as well as the relationship between economic and political aspects of Japan’s regional strategy were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the Japanese concept of the Indo-Pacific region, the Japanese initiative “Partnership for Quality Infrastructure,” as well as the economic measures of the Japanese government aimed at containing China in the Asia-Pacific region. The publication offers a transcript of this seminar.
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Ogaya, Chiho. „Intergenerational Exploitation of Filipino Women and Their Japanese Filipino Children: “Born out of place” Babies as New Cheap Labor in Japan“. Critical Sociology 47, Nr. 1 (02.07.2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920520935626.
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This paper focuses on the Japanese Filipino children as “born out of place” babies of migrant Filipino mothers and recent young migrant workers in Japan’s labor market. I present the unique position of Japanese Filipino children and their Filipino mothers as an example of intergenerational exploitation of migrants in Japanese society. The existence of Japanese Filipino children mirrors intersectional discrimination in Japanese society; they were born as a consequence of the inequality based on gender and ethnicity between the Philippines and Japan, then they were ignored by the Japanese state as “illegitimate” children, and now they their Filipino mothers have begun to be exploited as “unskilled labor” in Japan.
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Mubah, A. Safril. „Japanese Public Diplomacy in Indonesia: The Role of Japanese Agencies in Academic Exchange Programs between Japan and Indonesia“. Jurnal Global & Strategis 13, Nr. 1 (08.04.2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.13.1.2019.37-50.
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Japan and Indonesia have developed mutual cooperation in academic exchange programs for the past three decades. Japan acknowledges that student interchange plays a significant role in promoting mutual understanding between Japan and foreign countries. Japanese government expects international students, either those who are still studying in Japan or those who have returned to their home countries, serve as a bridge between their countries and Japan. To achieve this goal, Japanese government employs some agencies to undertake academic exchange programs. In Indonesia, particularly, some Japanese agencies such as Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO), Japan Foundation, and Japan International Cooperation Center (JICE) have played important role in student exchanges. They have various programs to attract Indonesian students getting involved in academic exchanges. This paper describes these agencies’ role in academic exchange programs between Japan and Indonesia. Considering that the Japanese agencies work to promote Japan’s soft power through public diplomacy activities under transgovernmental networks model, I utilize concepts of public diplomacy and transgovernmental networks as a framework for analyzing the case. I argue that Japanese agencies have successfully served as Japanese public diplomacy agents by acting great role in advancing Japan’s soft power through academic exchange activities. However, some challenges appear in the way to achieve Japanese public diplomacy goal to create mutual understanding between Japanese and Indonesian people.
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Shibata, Ria. „Identity, Nationalism and Threats to Northeast Asia Peace“. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 13, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2018): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2018.1516157.
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The escalating public debate over amendment of the Japanese constitution centres on the war-renouncing principles of Article 9 — the symbol of Japan's pacifist identity. Since elected to power, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and his supporters have been steadfastly pushing to revise the constitution to remove pacifist constraints on the nation's Self-Defense Forces. In the face of growing insecurities generated by long economic stagnation, regional threats posed by North Korean missiles and rising Chinese hegemony, Japanese conservative politicians feel it is time to overhaul Japan's humiliating postwar regime represented by the pacifist constitution and restore Japan's pride and independence. This article examines the resurgence of nationalist discourse in Japan as a response to Japan's threatened identity and esteem. As the Japanese people become increasingly exposed to nationalist narratives and realistic threats, how have these affected their desire to maintain a pacifist identity? This paper further examines the pacifist attitudes of today's Japanese youth and to what extent they are in favour of changing the constitution to adopt a stronger military defence.
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Jacoby, Julia Mariko. „Learning from the Earthquake Nation: Japanese Science Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century“. Journal of Contemporary History 56, Nr. 3 (24.06.2021): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220094211009963.
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Earthquake sciences, such as seismology and earthquake engineering, were important for Japanese science diplomacy throughout the twentieth century and remain relevant for Japan’s science diplomacy initiatives today. This article traces how the earthquake sciences were constructed as a ‘Japanese science’, giving Japan authority in science diplomacy, what science diplomacy practices scientists engaged in, and the images of Japan they helped to convey internationally. In the late nineteenth century, Japan played a crucial role in establishing seismology as a scientific discipline, which supported claims of Japanese research experience with their highly seismically active environment. Thus, Japanese earthquake specialists were enabled to act on equal terms with their Western counterparts in international networks, and even became regarded as ‘teachers’ of earthquake-proof construction. This image that was built and expanded upon by generations of scientists and maintained regardless of the shifting political climate. Consequently, prewar science diplomacy served to justify ‘civilised’ Japanese colonial rule in East Asia, while postwar earthquake science underlined Japan’s new identity as a peaceful ‘developed’ country and became a crucial part of Japan’s developmental aid programs. Science diplomacy also helped open diplomatic channels for Japan during difficult international conditions and created sustainable networks between seismic countries.
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SANTOS, Kristine Michelle L. „Localising Japanese Popular Culture in the Philippines：Transformative Translations of Japan’s Cultural Industry“. Border Crossings: The Journal of Japanese-Language Literature Studies 13, Nr. 1 (30.12.2021): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2021.13.1.93.
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Japan’s Cool Japan Initiative has aimed to tap Japan’s cultural industry to boost the country’s soft power all over the globe. In Southeast Asia, Cool Japan has its merits in countries such as Thailand and Singapore where Japanese cultural products, ranging from restaurants to television shows, have become easily accessible. Borrowing from Koichi Iwabuchi, Cool Japan provides opportunities for the country to present their “cultural odour.” That said, when the government is no longer in control of different cultural products, this ‘cultural odour’ takes a different shape. As a country that has not been central to Cool Japan initiatives, the Philippines presents an interesting case of localisations that negotiate Japanese cultural products in the Philippines. Focusing on observations of Japan’s contents industry, particularly access to anime and manga, this paper highlights how local consumers have made efforts to transform the ‘cultural odour’ of these Japanese products. This paper focuses on digital outputs such as social media fan works and dōjinshi of popular anime shows that bravely challenge the meanings of these Japanese cultural products. I argue that these localisations present critical transformations of Japanese popular culture which has led to knowledge from deviates from normative notions of Japan.
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Tsuboi, Mutsuko, und Mino Saito. „Translating ‘Nation’“. FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 17, Nr. 1 (26.07.2019): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.18005.tsu.
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Abstract This article focuses on the Japanese words kokumin and minzoku, both of which are used to translate ‘nation’ into Japanese, and explores the dynamic aspects of translation practice in the process of Japan’s modernization in the mid-Meiji era (1868–1912). The kanji (Chinese characters) compounds kokumin (國民) and minzoku (民族) were both coined during the late nineteenth century during the introduction of Western concepts into Japanese society. Kokumin first appeared as a translation word at the predawn of Japan’s modernization period and, by the mid-Meiji era, when the alternative translation minzoku emerged, kokumin was relatively widespread. This paper analyzes texts written by leading intellectuals and journalists in Japan at the time and attempts to contextualize them within their sociocultural and historical background. The analysis indicates that the rise of nationalism around the mid-Meiji era, Japan’s achievement in establishing a modern state and its involvement in territorial expansion in East Asia beginning with the Sino-Japanese war (1894–1895), as well as its simultaneous struggle to unify the Japanese people as kokumin, were crucial aspects in determining the use of the alternative translation, minzoku.
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Mulyadi, Budi. „MODEL PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM MASYARAKAT JEPANG“. IZUMI 3, Nr. 1 (06.01.2014): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.3.1.69-80.
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Abstract This research entitled The Model of Character Education in Japanese society. The main goal of this research is to know how the model of character education in Japanase society is done. This research is combination between field and library research. Main methods are observation, interview, intepretation. There are unique character in Japanese society in which couldn’t be found in other nations. Spirit of Bushido (discipline, honest, tough, work hard) is foundations of Japanese character. This such a character building is deserve to become an example to Indonesia. Japan shows us, they build character successfully. Japan become a developed modern nation without losing their core values and cultural. Key word: Charakter Building, Japanese Society and culture, Bushido
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Huang, Wentao. „Research on China-Japan Bilateral Relations——A Stable and Fragile Bilateral Relationship“. Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 35 (16.06.2024): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ve1pwf70.
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After the end of World War II, since the surrender of the Japanese militarist Empire, Japan had political reform with the help of the United States. It was the beginning of Japan's diplomatic normalization after the end of militaristic diplomacy. Since the new century, from the “Follow America and give priority to economic development” to the “New capitalism and realism diplomacy in the new era” foreign policy with domestic and foreign coordination, Japan's diplomatic strategy towards China has handled resoundingly on the delicate relationship of competition between China and the United States. Japan has a lot of deep cooperation with the United States, Japan maintains a relatively harmonious relationship at the same time. This paper focuses on the important strategic changes in Japanese diplomacy from the beginning of the 21st century to the present and the leading ideas and lines of Japanese diplomacy in different periods. According to Japan's various strategic changes, domestic and foreign factors have proved that Sino-Japanese relations are both stable and fragile.
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Funabashi, Eric. „Japanese Immigrants’ Pantry“. Gastronomica 21, Nr. 2 (2021): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2021.21.2.52.
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This article explores the role of cookbooks in supporting the creation of new eating habits and identities during the Japanese immigration to Brazil. When Japanese immigrants first arrived in Brazil in 1908, the local food represented a major barrier to their acclimation in the new country. Unknown ingredients and disgust for popular seasonings like pork fat and garlic prevented Japanese immigrants from preparing familiar meals and caused drastic changes to their diets. After nearly three decades improvising meals, Japanese immigrants started to better incorporate Brazilian ingredients into their eating habits when an alliance between the Brazilian and the American governments in 1937, and Japan’s defeat in World War II pressured them to adopt Brazil as their new home country. As Japanese immigrants internalized a new mindset focused on making Brazil their permanent home, cookbooks written by immigrants not only taught them how to use Brazilian ingredients, but also reflected immigrants’ improvements in building a higher-quality lifestyle. This article analyzes cookbooks written by Japanese immigrants in tandem with private diaries and recipes to examine the complex process of creating new eating habits as well as new Brazilian Nikkei identities.
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Gribanova, G. I., und A. V. Magdalyuk. „Arctic Strategy of Japan and Russian National Interests“. EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 16, Nr. 2 (07.07.2022): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2022-02-148-157.
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This work examines the main directions of the Japanese Arctic policy, its impact on the development of Russian-Japanese cooperation in the region.Aim. The study aims to analyze the formation of the Japanese Arctic strategy, to define promising areas and problems of Russian-Japanese relations.Tasks. The authors identify the main stages of the Japanese Arctic policy, determine the significance of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) for Tokyo, study the areas of Russian-Japanese cooperation, assess the problems and prospects of bilateral cooperation in the Arctic.Methods. Using the method of comparative analysis, content analysis, event analysis, we have identified areas that contribute to the strengthening of Russian-Japanese relations in the Arctic and factors that can weaken this cooperation.Results. The study shows that Japan seeks to be an active actor in the Arctic processes, since this region will play a significant role in the development of the Japanese economy through the energy supplies diversification. Japan’s key partner here is Russia, and they are implementing a major energy project — Arctic LNG-2. The modernization of the NSR’s infrastructure is another promising area for the development of Russian-Japanese relations. However, there are contradictions that may affect their cooperation — this is the differences in definition the NSR status and the international legal status of the Arctic.Conclusion. Despite Japan’s interest in using the NSR and participation in energy projects in the Russian Arctic, there are some issues that make it difficult to strengthen their Arctic cooperation. There are the problem of the Kuril Islands and the difference in determining the status of the Arctic region.
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Gottfried, Heidi, und David Fasenfest. „Understanding the Trajectory of Japanese Capitalism“. Critical Sociology 47, Nr. 1 (03.08.2020): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920520944465.
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How can we understand the trajectory of Japanese capitalism? This Afterword situates Japan on a broad canvas stretching across both the region and the globe. East Asia’s regional dynamics figure prominently, shaping the trajectory of Japanese capitalism not only in the formative Age of Empire and postwar reconstruction, but also in the emergent Asian Century. An historical examination of geo-politics highlights imperial entanglements and both the routes and the roots of capitalist development in Japan. This discussion begins by setting the stage of post-World War II Japan, elaborating on the reproductive bargain that characterizes Japan’s political economy, investigating the importance of national identity as it informs who can participate in Japan’s economy, revealing the underbelly of contemporary Japan, discussing forces for change, and revisiting the methodological approach used to understand Japanese capitalism.
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Kim, Yongdo. „Interfirm Cooperation in Japan's Integrated Circuit Industry, 1960s–1970s“. Business History Review 86, Nr. 4 (2012): 773–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680512001821.
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In Japan, the integrated circuit (IC) industry has led the way technologically for many other manufacturing industries. According to interviews with key persons at NEC, Tōshiba, and Fujitsu, IC firms' codevelopment with calculator and communication equipment companies greatly contributed to the strong competitiveness of the Japanese IC industry. However, the codevelopment between IC suppliers and their customers in the Japanese calculator markets also helps explain why the competitiveness of Japanese IC industry has been weakened since the late 1990s. The interfirm relations between Japanese IC suppliers and customers and its effects were not so simple and one-sided. The case of Japan's IC industry can be applied to other Japanese industries.
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Tanzil, Natalia Desianti, und Utari Novella. „ANALYSIS ON OSAKA DIALECTS VERBS AND NOUNS (STUDY OF STRUCTURE AND MEANING)“. Paramasastra 7, Nr. 2 (01.09.2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/paramasastra.v7n2.p178.
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This research focuses on the structure and meaning of the sentence of Osaka Dialect and the standard Japanese itself. Osaka dialect is the most widely recognized on of Japanese dialect. An understanding or application of the Osaka dialect can be considered important so that when tourists, or who want to work or study in Osaka can understand the different structures and meanings that exist in standard Japanese and Osaka dialect, so as to avoid misunderstanding or miscommunication that is might happen. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis, which describes the structure and meaning on Osaka Dialects sentence. The data that were used in this research was obtained from a Japanese movie named 8UPPERS. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that Osaka Dialect tends to shorten and obliterate the sound from the verb of standard Japanese. For example, the sound in standard Japaneses word chigau shortens into chau in Osaka Dialect, meaning œwrong, œdifferent, and œisnt that right?. There were also changes on standard Japaneses sentence ending word such as ~nda and ~nanda, that turns into ~nen and ~yanen. Changes can also be seen on standard Japaneses past form of sentence ending word, ~tanda or ~ta to ~ten in Osaka Dialect. The ~naide form changes to ~ntoite in Osaka Dialect. The sound in present form of sentence ending word such as ~teiru also change to ~toru. There were also differences between the ~n and ~hen form that equals to ~nai form and the n form which came from ru. Change of sound can also be found on the ~shimatta form, which turns into ~shimota in Osaka Dialect.
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Zhang, Rongtian. „Japanese Anime Marketing Strategy in China“. SHS Web of Conferences 193 (2024): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419304001.
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This study primarily explores the marketing strategies of Japanese animation in the Chinese market. Japanese animation has a vast audience in China. Since China's reform and opening up in the last century, Japanese animation has been extensively introduced to the Chinese market, nurturing a large community of fans since then, laying the foundation for the formation of a massive audience of animation enthusiasts today. With the rapid development of the Japanese animation market, Japanese animation, with its unique style, storylines, and production techniques, has attracted a large number of Chinese viewers. Examples include the widely known “Naruto” “One Piece” and “Detective Conan”. To better expand the share of Japanese animation in the Chinese market, Japanese animation companies have adopted a series of effective marketing strategies, including leveraging Japan's cultural soft power, collaborating on Internet platforms, diversifying promotional methods, partnering with local enterprises, and emphasizing derivative product development. These strategies have contributed to the exportation of Japanese animation. In conclusion, this paper summarizes the successful experiences of Japanese animation in the Chinese market and provides an outlook for the future.
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BIBIK, OLEKSANDRA. „TRANSFORMATION OF THE JAPANESE MEMORY POLITIC IN THE II HALF OF XX-XXI CENTURIES IN THE CONTEXTS OF PAN-ASIAN AMBITIONS“. Skhid, Nr. 1(2) (01.07.2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.1(2).236141.
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The article is devoted to the analyses of the role of Pan-Asianism in the formation of the Japanese policy of memory in the period after World War II. Since the Meiji period, Japan has had a dual relationship with Asia: on the one hand, as a region of high spirituality and culture, on the other, as a region lagging behind the West or Europe in terms of economic, political and technological development. In the 1950s, when Japan was experiencing a period of economic crisis caused by the defeat of the war, the occupation regime, and the formation of military memory, we see a trend of Japanese intellectuals classifying Japan as "Asia". If during World War I Pan-Asian ideology was used to correct imperial ideology and colonialism, modern Pan-Asian concepts tend to create a union of Southeast Asian countries for support and mutual development. The further development of these sentiments depends on the implementation of existing ASEAN projects and the specifics of the adopted political and economic strategies of the Asian Commonwealth.
The articles provide the first comprehensive analysis of the constitutional documents, editions and speeches of Japanese politicians, which show the transformations of Japanese memory politic. The main terms of development of this policy, which consist in patient orientation and gradual formation of new Asianism, are separated. Discussions around Yasukuni-jinja and Japanese history textbooks as examples of these trends in Japanese politics are analyzed.
Provided that Japan's pacifist position is enshrined in the constitution, there are conservative and nationalist views on the Japanese war in Asia. As part of Japan's policy of remembrance, Pan-Asianism fosters an ambivalent attitude toward Japanese expansion in Asia. Subject to Japan's official admission of guilt to neighbouring countries, condemnation of expansionism and colonialism, and the transition to pacifism, there are conservative and nationalist views on the Japanese war in Asia. Within the conservative position, Japanese guilt is questioned and the need to recognize the heroic participants in the war is proclaimed, the "Great East Asian War" is interpreted as a war of self-defence, or the correctness and truth of Pan-Asian ideals of Taisho and Showa Japan are recognized.
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Jiang, Zhulin, und Lu Dai. „Further Interpretation of the Anti War Consciousness in Ryunosuke Akutagawa's "General"“. Journal of Education and Educational Research 5, Nr. 2 (28.08.2023): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v5i2.12247.
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The Akutagawa Ryunosuke Award, set in honor of the first-class Japanese literary master Akutagawa Ryunosuke (1892-1927), is not only the top award in the Japanese Pure Literature Award, but also the most authoritative one in the Japanese literary field. This indicates the position of Ryunosuke Akutagawa in the history of Japanese literature. Studying Ryunosuke Akutagawa's war novels undoubtedly has inspiring meaning for us to understand Japan's war novels. Therefore, based on previous studies, the researcher discusses "General", the first masterpiece in a series of works criticizing Japan's aggressive war after Akutagawa went to China. On the basis of the overall dynamic research method currently advocated, this paper attempts to explore the anti-war consciousness in "General" through detailed reading of the text. The main body of this article is divided into three parts. The first part sorts out the background of "General", summarizes the entire whole text and the main idea. The second part is to study the Japanese during the war. Japanese soldiers strongly admire the Mikado, and Japan has a strict hierarchical system, which are all exploited by extreme militarists. The third part analyzes the anti war consciousness and the foolish loyalty of Japanese soldiers in four independent and meaningful works, namely "The White Army", "Spy", "Performance on the Field", and "Father and Son".
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Gripentrog, John. „Power and Culture“. Pacific Historical Review 84, Nr. 4 (01.11.2015): 478–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2015.84.4.478.
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This study explores how the Japanese government endeavored to shape American public opinion through the promotion of Japanese aesthetics in the several years following the Manchurian crisis—and, importantly, how this “cultural diplomacy” was received by Americans. At the center of Japan’s state-sponsored cultural initiative was the Society for International Cultural Relations (Kokusai Bunka Shinkōkai, or KBS). By drawing attention to Japan’s historically esteemed cultural traditions, Japan’s leaders hoped to improve the nation’s image and leverage international power. Critical American reviews and general-interest articles on KBS programs proffered images of a society imbued with a profound sense of artistic sophistication. To this end, the KBS’s cultural diplomacy tended to reinforce a popular assumption among Americans that Japan’s body politic in the 1930s was meaningfully divided between “moderates” and “militarists.” Japan’s cultural diplomacy, however, was undermined from the start by an irreconcilable tension: to simultaneously legitimize regional expansionism and advance internationalist cooperation. After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in the summer of 1937 and subsequent proclamations that presumed Japanese hegemony in Asia, naked aggression rendered any lighthearted cultural exchange increasingly irrelevant. Indeed, KBS activities in the United States dwindled—a point that made clear the limits of cultural diplomacy.
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Edwards, Linda N. „Equal Employment Opportunity in Japan: A View from the West“. ILR Review 41, Nr. 2 (Januar 1988): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398804100206.
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The Japanese Equal Employment Opportunity Law of 1985, effective in April 1986, prohibits gender discrimination with respect to recruitment, hiring, promotion, training, and job assignment. The author describes the law and assesses its probable impact on the economic opportunities of Japanese women. She argues that two aspects of Japan's socioeconomic environment—the lifetime employment system used by large Japanese private firms, and the labor supply pattern of Japanese women—make it unlikely that the law will have a large impact on the economic status of women in Japan.
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Candelaria, John Lee. „“Dainty hands do useful work”: Depicting Filipino women in Japanese wartime propaganda“. Plaridel 18, Nr. 1 (2021): 111–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52518/2021.18.1-06cndlra.
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This article analyzes the visual depiction of women in the Tribune, the main propaganda newspaper of Japan in the Philippines during the Pacific War. Japanese wartime propaganda painted an image of a productive and cooperative Filipina, respectable and modest like her Japanese counterpart. The analysis reveals three motivations for depicting women in said light: to show a semblance of normalcy despite the turbulent war, to entice women to serve Japan’s aims, and to disprove the Japanese women’s image as subservient wives or entertainers while asserting the connection between the two countries. Analyzing the depiction of women in Japanese propaganda contributes to the understanding of war as a gendered phenomenon. Beyond seeing women as symbols of the private obligations for which men fight or as surrogate objects of sexual desire, the image of women was perceived to be instrumental in showcasing Japan’s New Order.
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Xu Lu, Sidney. „Good women for empire: educating overseas female emigrants in imperial Japan, 1900–45“. Journal of Global History 8, Nr. 3 (02.10.2013): 436–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022813000363.
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AbstractThis article examines two tutelage campaigns launched by Japanese social reformers targeting Japanese emigrant women in Manchuria and California in the first two decades of the twentieth century. It reveals how these two middle-class-based social campaigns jointly paved the way for the Japanese state's ‘continental bride’ policy in the late 1930s, which mobilized and exported women from across the nation to Manchuria on an unprecedented scale. Synthesizing the stories of Japan's colonialism in Manchuria and Japanese labour migration to the American Pacific coast, this study traces the convergence and flows between the women's education campaigns in Japanese communities on both sides of the Pacific. It moves the debate of Japanese imperialism beyond Asia and situates it in a transnational space encompassing the local, the national, and the global.