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1
Fogle, Joshua. „Advanced Base Defense Doctrine, War Plan Orange, and Preparation at Midway: Were the Marines Ready?“ Open Military Studies 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openms-2022-0128.
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Abstract Many of the books written about Midway focus on the battle itself, specifically the naval battle between the US and Japanese fleets. Most of the emphasis is placed on understanding and critiquing the decision-making of the leaders of the US and Japanese fleets and aircraft carriers. Aside from discussing the contributions of the air forces flying from Midway itself, many overlook the preparedness and contributions of the Marine defenders stationed there. Other than the occasional shelling by Japanese naval vessels, Midway was only ever attacked a single time on the morning of 4 June 1942 and never faced the invasion force the Japanese sent to take the atoll. The lack of information on the actual defenders on Midway has left unanswered the question of how prepared the Marine forces were to defend Midway from the Japanese. War Plan Orange and US leadership placed significant importance on Midway and directed the Marines to defend it. Advanced Base Defense doctrine of the time had seen significant development in the interwar years and was used when the Marines fashioned the defense of Midway. This article will examine the development of Midway as a base and the doctrine for the defense of advanced bases in effort to determine if the Marines were properly prepared to defend Midway from the Japanese.
2
Tierney, Dominic. „“Pearl Harbor in Reverse” Moral Analogies in the Cuban Missile Crisis“. Journal of Cold War Studies 9, Nr. 3 (Juli 2007): 49–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2007.9.3.49.
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During the 1962 Cuban missile crisis, the argument that U.S. air strikes against Soviet missile sites in Cuba would be morally analogous to the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 had a major impact on policymaking. The invocation of this analogy contributed to President John F. Kennedy's decision to forgo an immediate attack on the missiles and to start instead with a naval blockade of the island. The “Pearl Harbor in reverse” argument is an example of an important phenomenon that has received little attention in foreign policy analysis—the moral analogy. Fusing together elements of moral and analogical thinking, the moral analogy can be a powerful force in shaping policy preferences, as it was in October 1962.
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Moss, Laurence S. „Richard A. Musgrave and Ludwig von Mises: Two Cases of Emigrè Economists in America“. Journal of the History of Economic Thought 27, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2005): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427710500370273.
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The expulsion of the academicians from Germany, Austria, and other central European countries is for the history of social science as traumatic and significant an event as the bombing of Pearl Harbor was for the United States' naval fleet in the South Pacific. The Restoration of the Civil Service Act occurred on April 7, 1933, shortly after the National Socialists came to power. It ordered “disagreeable” persons to leave the Universities and was the harbinger of other “cleansing” that followed the German war machine into Austria, the Czech Republic, and so on. The start of this intellectual exodus occurred a whole eight years before the United States entered the war on December 7, 1941. The destruction of the American naval fleet by the Japanese air force in 1941 required a massive State-sponsored mobilization as the United States prepared for and entered the war in the Pacific. The destruction of social science in the German-speaking Universities started on April 7, 1933, and continued as the German armies moved eastward, resulting in no less than 328 dislocated economists who emigrated out of central and eastern Europe to rebuild their lives and academic reputations in other places, especially in the United States. As Hagemann has demonstrated, the United States “was the direct or indirect destination for some two-thirds of the German-speaking emigré economists” (Hagemann 2005). This “rebuilding” of lives, families, and scientific reputations is amazing in its magnitude and complexity and is also itself a topic for serious study and understanding within the sociology of the social sciences. Hagemann has made major contributions to the telling of this story (Hagemann 1997).
4
Parkinson, Jonathan. „HIJMSWakamiyaand the Early Development of Japanese Naval Air Power“. Mariner's Mirror 99, Nr. 3 (August 2013): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2013.821357.
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Voronov, E. M., A. L. Repkin, Ph M. Khromov, D. A. Timofeev und A. Yu Geraskin. „Mathematical Model for Simulation Implementation of Functioning of Air Defense System of a Naval Surface Force“. Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Instrument Engineering, Nr. 1 (138) (März 2022): 62–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3933-2022-1-62-84.
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The article considers the stages of the logical-time cyclogram of detection and maintenance of groups of controlled objects by means of the air defense system of a naval surface force. An algorithm for forming arrays of detected objects is implemented, taking into account the impulse volume, the coverage sector to accompany all detected objects and other configuration factors, considering probabilistic estimates of the detection of controlled objects. A mathematical model of the functioning of the naval surface force air defense system has been created, taking into account various parameters of active means affecting the groups of controlled objects, as well as taking into account firing strategies in the presence of network-centric control of the order of controlled objects. An algorithm for evaluating the results of fire counteraction of a network-centric group of controlled objects on the part of the air defense system of a naval surface force has been considered. A variant of the simulation implementation of the logical-time cyclogram of the operation of air defense system fire channels has been developed, and examples of the implementation of a logical-time cyclogram for an arbitrary composition of the air defense system are given, taking into account the strategic actions of active means of a naval surface force. Additional conditions for embedding the developed version of the algorithm of the air defense system logical-time cyclogram into the system for simulating the conflict interaction of systems are listed
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Luchnikov, E. A., O. G. Chernikov und E. M. Mavrenkov. „Medical Support of Combat Operations and Naval Air Force Losses in the Great Patriotic War“. Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, Nr. 4 (15.12.2020): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma62818.
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The paper addresses the contribution of the Naval Air Force and its medical service to the victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Organizational and staff structure, medical support of combat operations, the dynamics, level and structure of operational attrition and non-battle sanitary losses of the Naval Air Force air and ground crews are studied by categories and by the periods of the war, including the major operations, separately for each fleet. Detailed analysis of the experience of search and rescue operations and aeromedical evacuation as specific components of the medical service of the Naval Air Force is presented. The management procedures of medical supplies and recreation of the air crews to prevent their exhaustion are studied. For instance, since it was impossible to provide professional and specialized medical aid to the wounded from the fleet air force units, it had to be provided at the naval and combined-arms levels of medical evacuation. Only a small number of air base infirmaries were staffed by qualified surgeons. Difficulties in organizing the medical supplies were caused by frequent movements of air force units, often in the closest vicinity to the enemy; and also, by the lack of special unified medical packs. Based on the experience of medical support for search and rescue operations, the most effective search and rescue of flight personnel was organized using water-planes. During the war, naval aviation pilots evacuated thousands of wounded people to the rear of the country. The specifics of the fleet aviation missions characterize the structure of sanitary losses and their ratio to the irretrievable losses of flying personnel during the four years of the war. Due to a significant combat load on the pilots, the command was obliged to organize their rehabilitation in the form of short-term vacation at adapted recreation centers. Based on the information available from literature and archive sources, the successful experience and faults in the medical support of the combat missions of the Air Force as the striking component of the Navy during the Great Patriotic War are analyzed, and respective detailed conclusions are made.
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Lindgjerdet, Frode. „Technology, Group Interest, and Norwegian Air Power, 1920–1940“. Vulcan 3, Nr. 1 (29.05.2015): 110–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134603-00301006.
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The Norwegian army and navy built their separate air arms around a few flimsy aircraft acquired from 1912. During the interwar period, the Army Air Force desired independence while its smaller naval counterpart fought tenaciously to remain part of the navy. The battle was carried out in the national military journals. Army aviation officers seduced by the air power theories of Giulio Douhet advocated independent operations; they maintained that challenges of air war and the skills required were independent of the surface over which it was fought. They also expected economic benefits from a unified service that could acquire fewer types of aircraft and unify technical services and education. Naval aviation officers maintained that naval air operations required knowledge of naval warfare, seamanship, tight naval integration, and specialized aircraft. What’s more, they resented the very idea that air power could win wars independently.
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Orange, Vincent, und Mark R. Peattie. „Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909-1941“. Journal of Military History 66, Nr. 3 (Juli 2002): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3093407.
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Ahmed Abed al-Zubaidi, Dr Riyam, und Dr Waleed Abood Mohammed al-Dulaimi. „The Role of Japanese Naval Force and Emergence of its International Status (1914-1921)“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 13, Nr. 01 (2023): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v13i01.001.
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To achieve its expansionist regional ambitions in China and Korea, and to protect its shipping lines in the Pacific Ocean, and to justify its claims in protecting East Asia from the dangers of German naval bases, on the one hand, and its endeavor to establish peace and prevent the spread of battles to the Far East, on the other hand. The research was concerned with the nature of these allegations and the extent of their truth, in light of tracking the role of the Japanese naval force during the First World War (1914- 1918), and then the emergence of its international standing until 1921, as the developments witnessed in those years represented an important opportunity for Japan at all levels, especially after Its victories made it a major naval power on the international level. However, the internal problems that always faced the Japanese naval power did not stand in the way of its ambitions, which succeeded in employing war as a means to obtain governmental financial specializations to implement its expansion and development programs, especially in light of the recovery of the Japanese economy during the war years as a result of Europe’s preoccupation with preparing the requirements of the war economy, which provided an opportunity Important for the Japanese industry and its various products in controlling the domestic and foreign markets and developing its heavy industry, especially the construction of warship docks, which led to an increase in its profits and the number of its industrial workers who, in the short term, caused a radical change in the structure of society. Despite its active participation in the First World War on the side of the friendly Entente countries and the protection of its merchant ships in the Mediterranean and its desire to join the European arena of operations, its expansionist ambitions and its attempt to control Siberia and obtain political and regional privileges in China and other regions on the one hand, and continue to increase Its spending on industry that supports the elements of strengthening, expanding and developing its naval power in 1920, in a way that amounts to international standards for its counterparts on the other hand. This led to the fear of Britain, the United States of America and France, and their doubts about Japan's real intentions and future dangers in the Far East and the Pacific Ocean, and then called for a conference in 1921 to determine international naval armaments, in a way that guarantees preventing Japan from being at the level of the major international naval powers.
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Higham, Robin D. S. „Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909-1941 (review)“. Technology and Culture 44, Nr. 1 (2003): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2003.0019.
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Abed Al-Zubaidi, Riyam Ahmed, und Prof Dr Waleed Abood Mohammed Al-Dulaimi. „JAPAN’S NAVAL FORCE UNDER THE RISE OF ITS MILITARISM (1931-1939)“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 12, Nr. 03 (2022): 494–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v12i03.028.
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The expansion of the role of the military category, which rejects the issue of naval restrictions and looks forward to military expansion and the strengthening of naval Force, is in line with Japan’s foreign policy, which completed in the 1930s the path of its transformation into a military state with expansionist ambitions, following the Great Depression (1929-1933) and its alliance with regimes Fascism and Nazi totalitarianism in Europe, from which the Axis powers emerged on the twenty-fifth of October 1936, and Accordingly, Japan at that time constituted a serious threat to the liberal economic and political systems. The research was set chronologically in the years (1931-1939), as the first date represented the beginning of the escalation of Japanese militarism in a clear manner following the convening of the first London Naval Conference in 1930, while the second date represented the outbreak of the Second World War, which represented an important historical turning point in which Japan sought through its Force the Navy to confirm its active role on the scene of events. In light of this, the research traced the steps of the Japanese government in supporting its military institutions, especially the navy, by adopting a set of building, expansion and development programs until its participation in the Second London Naval Conference in 1935 and its role in it, then its militarism Rise for the years (1936-1939), which was appear in Its occupation by China in 1937, Based on its conviction that Britain and France were unable to confront it under their suffering from the consequences of the Great Depression on the one hand, and the commitment of the United States of America to the laws of neutrality that did not allow it to intervene militarily in international problems on the other hand until 1939
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Lintern, Gavan. „An Interactive Planning Prototype for Task Force Air Defense“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, Nr. 6 (Oktober 2007): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705100602.
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This work reports development of an interactive prototype of a military planning workspace, implemented in Macromedia Flash. The interface was structured to support the natural reasoning strategies that are encouraged by a functional structure based on an Abstraction-Decomposition Space. A scenario involving planning for naval task force air defence is used to illustrate the use of the system. The prototype demonstrates a pictorially rich information workspace for planning and also the flexibility of Macromedia Flash for developing a prototype that permits interactive exploration of an information work system.
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Hansen, Kenneth P. „Book Review: Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941“. International Journal of Maritime History 14, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2002): 500–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871402014002103.
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Harvey, A. D. „Book Review: Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909-1941“. War in History 11, Nr. 2 (April 2004): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096834450401100207.
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Hooker, Peter John. „In the shadow of the fleet: The development of Japan’s submarine force, 1917–1941“. International Journal of Maritime History 30, Nr. 3 (August 2018): 458–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871418777381.
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This article examines the role of submarines within the strategy of the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1917 until 1941. It argues that the common characterisation of Japan’s naval strategy as outdated and erroneous in light of the First World War undervalues the development of Japan’s submarine fleet, which was critical to the development of the navy throughout the interwar period. Indeed, few scholarly works actually deal with this significant component in the Japanese Navy, leaving a legacy that is often under-contextualised and misunderstood.
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James, Danielle, und Laura A. Talbot. „Neonatal Aeromedical Evacuation During COVID-19: An Interview With Captain Danielle James“. Military Medicine 186, Supplement_2 (01.09.2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usab250.
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ABSTRACT During the coronavirus-19 pandemic, limited information existed about the risks and consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection associated with maternal transmission to neonates. With rapidly evolving evidence, Air Force Neonatal Intensive Care Unit nurses at U.S. Naval Hospital Okinawa, Japan, adapted their standard operating procedures to safeguard their at-risk neonatal patients. This interview describes an Air Force NICU nurse’s view of neonatal transport and nursing care during the coronavirus-19 pandemic.
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Rusdiana, Dede, Amarulla Octavian, Yusuf Ali, Suryono Thamrin und Aris Sarjito. „Belajar dari Kemenangan Jepang pada Perang Tsushima: Pembangunan Kekuatan Militer Melalui Industri Strategis“. Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha 6, Nr. 1 (27.08.2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v6i1.37678.
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The various wars that have been passed have had implications for the development of Japanese combat conditions. One of the wars that sparked the rise of Japanese combat technology was the Tsushima War of 1905, marked by the use of new weaponry such as torpedoes and telegraphs. Japan's victory in the Tsushima War has proven that Japan has advanced weapons technology and has proven to be able to compete with Russia. This study provides a very important lesson and can be a reflection for Indonesia in the development of a naval military force. By using historical methods and defense economic theory approaches, this study discusses efforts to increase the strength of the main weapon system of the Japanese special navy. The results of the study show that the efforts made by Japan put a lot of emphasis on the strategy of developing the defense industry. The rise of the defense industry has become an integral part of military power building. In that context, Japan does not only involve the military, but also develops human resource capacity and increases research in the field of technology. The existence of good cooperation between the government, industry players, and academia is also the main pillar in the effort to build a naval military force.
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Gessis, Scott N. „Evolution of Cost/Schedule Control (Direct Labor) in Naval Shipyards“. Journal of Ship Production 9, Nr. 03 (01.11.1993): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1993.9.3.245.
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The evolution of a cost/schedule control system (C/SCS) for direct labor in naval shipyards can be traced from the cost/schedule control concept used in the Air Force in the 1960s as an initiative toward more reliable data. Subsequent C/SCS programs were initiated across the Department of Defense (DoD) in the late 1960s and early 1970s. As private shipyards came under what is known as cost/ schedule control system criteria (C/SCSC), and its validation requirements, the issue of C/SCS in naval shipyards rose to the surface. In 1984, the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) issued a directive which called for C/SCS implementation in naval shipyards. Expanded use and standardization has followed. This paper reviews basic C/SCS principles, how naval shipyards have used C/SCS in improving performance, and how it has been standardized while still retaining a degree of flexibility.
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Nazirah, Nazirah, und Asep Iwa Seomantri. „Naval Strategy in the Normandy Invasion“. Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Technology 2, Nr. 4 (29.04.2024): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/marcopolo.v2i4.8858.
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The Normandy invasion, also known as Operation Overlord, was one of the most monumental events in the history of World War II. On June 6, 1944, nearly three million Allied troops crossed the English Channel from England into France occupied by Nazi Germany. The invasion of Normandy opened the way to the liberation of Europe and finally ended World War II. Naval strategy was crucial in this operation to support the landing of troops on the beaches of Normandy. In the context of naval strategy, the Normandy invasion involved coordination between the navy, army, and air force. The writing methodology uses a descriptive method by analyzing the facts that occurred during the 1944 Normandy battle and is supported by literature studies, literature and various scientific journals.
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Hansen, Wilburn. „Examining Prewar Tôôgôô Worship in Hawaii Toward Rethinking Hawaiian Shinto as a New Religion in America“. Nova Religio 14, Nr. 1 (01.08.2010): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2010.14.1.67.
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Daijingu Temple of Hawaii, a Shinto shrine founded by Japanese immigrant workers in the early twentieth century is unique among shrines in American territory for holding the only recorded pre-Pacific War worship services for a Japanese war hero. Admiral Tôôgôô Heihachirôô was deified for defeating a Russian naval force in the Battle of the Sea of Japan, and was worshiped at Daijingu in services attended by members of the Japanese Imperial Navy as well as Japanese-Americans from the local community. Although this could suggest that the Japanese-American Shinto community was cheering on the Japanese Imperial navy in their military endeavors, this is not the best explanation for their participation. These rituals benefited the shrine community economically. Furthermore, these activities and the rest of Daijingu Shrine history suggest that Shinto in Hawaii requires consideration as a new American religion rather than as Japanese Shinto in diaspora.
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Hendricks, Verle, Jim Pokrywka und Cliff Creek. „Wired for Disaster: Cableway Improvement Program“. Journal of Ship Production 5, Nr. 04 (01.11.1989): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1989.5.4.245.
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Throughout a ship's life cycle, as systems are installed, modified, or removed, breaches of the technical requirements for proper installation of electrical and electronic cables occur. The majority of these deviations are a result of insufficient attention to cable installation requirements during ship design or production caused by shortcuts to reduce costs or meet schedules, and overall poor workmanship. In January 1984 on the USS Tattnall (DDG-19) a fire originating in a locked compartment spread through electrical cableways. Before being contained, this fire caused loss of life, extensive damage to critical systems and prevented the ship from completing her assigned mission. An investigation revealed that the fire started as a result of cableway discrepancies. Further surveys performed on various ships revealed findings which included: the cableway discrepancies found on the Tattnall were not isolated, but common to the fleet in great numbers, and 15% to 20% of all dead-ended cables were found to be still electrically energized. To develop a systematic and trackable method of removing cableway discrepancies and reduce the risk of fire, Commander Naval Air Force, Atlantic Fleet (COMNAVAIRLANT) tasked American Systems Engineering Corporation (AmSEC) and Naval Sea Systems Command Detachment (NAVSEADET) (PERA CV) to develop a program to assist in correcting cableway discrepancies in aircraft carriers. The program has since displayed great success evidenced by Navy-wide attention and expansion of the program to include aircraft carriers under Commander Naval Air Force, Pacific Fleet (COMNAVAIRPAC).
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Cho, Geon. „The Implementation and Characteristics of the Japanese Navy's Korean Mobilization System during the Asia-Pacific War“. Bukak History Academy 18 (31.07.2023): 325–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37288/bukak.2023.18.9.325.
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The Japanese Navy has mobilized troops against Koreans since August 1943. The Navy's late push for the mobilization of Korean troops was due to concerns and distrust of Koreans. However, as the war situation worsened and Japanese military resources became scarce, naval mobilization was eventually implemented against Koreans.
Until now, the structure and status of the Japanese Navy's mobilization of Korean troops has been poorly understood due to data limitations. The sketchy accounts of the start of the naval special assistance system in Korea in 1943 and the conscription system in 1944 make it even more difficult to understand the structure of the navy's troop mobilization. This article examines the status of the Japanese Navy's implementation of the Korean Special Support System through institutions and examples, and explains in detail the structure and methods of troop mobilization.
The results show that the Japanese Navy utilized both the volunteer and conscription systems to mobilize the Korean population. Contrary to what is known, the scale of Korean mobilization was greater through volunteers than conscription, as the Japanese navy preferred to train them directly through volunteers in order to secure high-quality troops. Meanwhile, Koreans were initially mobilized as sailors and mechanics, but after 1945, about 50% of the total number of Koreans were mobilized as engineers. This was due to the need to build airfields and underground facilities to prevent American air raids and landings.
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Nordeen, Craig A., und Lee S. Langston. „There's a New Cycle in Town“. Mechanical Engineering 140, Nr. 07 (01.07.2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2018-jul-2.
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The promises of increased efficiency, simplicity, and high power density are driving the current research focus on rotating detonation engines (RDEs). An engine that uses detonation rather than deflagration could have some key advantages. If harnessed in a gas turbine or rocket, detonation could reduce the need for some expensive hardware, lighten engine weight and increase power output and efficiency. Today, variants of the RDE as a combustor for gas turbines, rockets, and scramjets are being explored at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Naval Research Laboratory, Naval Postgraduate School, and the Department of Energy. Similar work is being conducted in several other countries. This study provides a deeper look into RDEs.
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Tkachenko, S. N. „COMBAT AND NUMERICAL STRENGTH OF THE AIR FORCES OF THE BLACK SEA FLEETIN JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1942“. Juvenis scientia, Nr. 8 (30.08.2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia.2018.08.09.
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On the basis of archival documents, information on the combat and numerical composition of all the formations and units of the Black Sea Fleet air force during the period of cardinal changes on the southern flank of the Soviet-German front in early 1942 (large sea assaults, creation of the Crimean front, reflection of two assaults of Sevastopol), as well as data on the provision of naval aviation with ammunition and aviation gasoline.
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Kim, Ungsoo Samuel. „The Effect of Physical Eye Examinations on Job Options“. Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 62, Nr. 10 (15.10.2021): 1415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2021.62.10.1415.
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Purpose: To investigate physical ophthalmological parameters relevant to job choice.Methods: I analyzed the ophthalmological demands imposed on those engaged in military service and on applicants for army officer, air force officer, naval officer, railroad officer, firefighting officer, police officer, state public officer, and pilot positions; the visual requirements for a driver’s license were also examined. Visual dysfunction was classified into loss of visual acuity, visual field defects, refractive errors, color vision disorders, strabismus, and other disorders. Additional restrictions imposed by each occupation were investigated.Results: Various standards were imposed on the occupational groups. Applicants to the Air Force Academy required 1.0 visual acuity; the visual acuity for applicants to the military and naval academies were ≥0.6, and those for fire and police personnel ≥0.8. The general public official regulations do not mention visual acuity. In terms of visual field defects, such defects must be <33% for firefighters and railroad drivers; no clear standard was set for other occupations. The importance of color vision differed by job type; pilots and railroad drivers must have full color vision. In terms of refractive error and strabismus, the standards differed among occupations.Conclusions: As the ophthalmological standards vary extensively by occupation, both ophthalmologists and clients must be aware of this information. The scientific basis of the various standards requires attention.
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Manush, Hristov. „Development of the Concepts for Providing Close Air Support“. International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 26, Nr. 1 (01.06.2020): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2020-0010.
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AbstractThe main objective of the study is to trace the perceptions of the task of an aviation component to provide direct aviation support to both ground and naval forces. Part of the study is devoted to tracing the combat experience gained during the assignment by the Bulgarian Air Force in the final combat operations against the Wehrmacht during the Second World War 1944-1945. The state of the conceptions at the present stage regarding the accomplishment of the task in conducting defensive and offensive battles and operations is also considered. Emphasis is also placed on the development of the perceptions of the task in the armies of the United States and Russia.
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Harvey, A. D. „Army Air Force and Navy Air Force: Japanese Aviation and the Opening Phase of the War in the Far East“. War in History 6, Nr. 2 (01.04.1999): 174–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096834499677441289.
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Harvey, A. D. „Army Air Force and Navy Air Force: Japanese Aviation and the Opening Phase of the War in the Far East“. War in History 6, Nr. 2 (April 1999): 174–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096834459900600203.
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Masawi, S. K. „From RAF to RN – the transition from Princess Mary’s RAF Nursing Service (PMRAFNS) to Queen Alexandra’s Royal Naval Nursing Service (QARNNS)“. Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 101, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2015): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-101-122.
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AbstractI transferred from the Royal Air Force to the Royal Navy (RN) on 10 July 2014. I would like to share my experiences as a junior RN Officer during Op GRITROCK, looking at some of the similarities and differences between the two Services and their deployed environments: maritime and air.
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Cook, Theodore F. „Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941. By Mark R. Peattie. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2001. xxi, 364 pp. $37.95 (cloth).“ Journal of Asian Studies 62, Nr. 2 (Mai 2003): 626–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3096291.
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Loob, William. „Blast from the Past“. Mechanical Engineering 121, Nr. 08 (01.08.1999): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-aug-6.
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This article presents a review about the jet engine testing facilities of the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division in Trenton, NJ, that had to be moved to a base run by another branch of the military, the Arnold Engineering Development Center at Arnold Air Force Base in Tennessee. The jet engine testing complex at Trenton had been built in the 1950s. The restriction effectively ruled out any upgrades so long as the Navy’s engine test requirements could be met by replicating the capabilities of the old facility. The natural tendency of the engineers and planners looking at the project was to think immediately about how the facility could be improved with modern designs. For the restriction on not improving the test capability at Trenton, the project ironically provided an expansion of services. This is built to subject the Navy engines to definite environmental conditions, and as long as the Navy has that kind of test requirement. It is a capability that is available not only to the Navy and Air Force, but to the Army, Marines, and private industry as well.
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Popov, Grigorij. „Japan vs the United States (1941—1945). People and Machines“. ISTORIYA 12, Nr. 12-2 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015908-7.
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The authors study the military potential of the Japanese Empire and its changes during the Pacific War in order to understand the role of the Pacific Theater of Operations in World War II. In this regard, the authors basing on the losses suffered by Japan on various fronts define the role of the USSR in the defeat of militaristic Japan. They argue that the contribution of the USSR to the victory of the Anti-Hitler coalition in Asia consists mainly in shackling significant forces of the Japanese army in Manchuria and Korea until the end of the summer of 1945, which did not allow the Japanese military to win to a large extent in the southwestern provinces of China, thereby ensuring direct communication with Burma. As for the defeat of the Japanese Air Force, which was the main striking force of Japanese militarism, there was a decisive contribution of the United States, whose Air Force also caused significant damage to Japanese industry by the summer of 1945 with strategic bombing. In this regard, the authors question the need for atomic bombing, which accelerated the surrender of Japan, but did not make it, as the authors prove, inevitable. The authors see the main reason for Japan's defeat in the strategy of its High command, putting the economy in second place. The Japanese admirals exaggerated the capabilities of carrier-based aircraft too much, which became a fatal factor for Japan in the Pacific war. The authors also claim that the actions of the Allied troops in Burma played a significant role in the defeat of Japan.
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van Alebeek, Rosanne, und Ursula E. A. Weitzel. „List of Current Proceedings: Update“. Leiden Journal of International Law 13, Nr. 2 (Juni 2000): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500000224.
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On 22 September 1999 the Islamic Republic of Pakistan instituted proceedings against India before the International Court of Justice concerning the shooting down of a Pakistani aircraft by Indian air force planes on 10 August 1999. In its Application filed in the Registry on 21 September 1999 Pakistan contends that the “unarmed Atlantique aircraft of the Pakistan navy was on a routine training mission with sixteen personnel on board” when “while flying over Pakistan air space it was fired upon with air to air missiles by Indian air force planes, without warning”, resulting in the death of all 16 personnel, “mostly young naval trainees”. It maintains that the aircraft, when shot down, was in an area situated approximately 70 to 90 miles east of Karachi and that it was “carrying out various training exercises and manoeuvres of instrument.” According to Pakistan, after radar contact was lost with the aircraft at 10.55 a.m., an intensive search was undertaken by Pakistani aircraft and helicopters and the wreckage was discovered around 2.55 p.m. 2 kilometres inside Pakistan territory. Pakistan further maintains that in the two and a half hours which elapsed between the shooting down and the discovery of the wreckage, “Indian helicopters […] sneaked into Pakistan's territory to pick up a few items from the debris […] in order to produce ‘evidence’ for [India's] initial claim that the Atlantique had been shot down over Indian air space.” However, according to Pakistan, because of the “overwhelming evidence […] Indian officials were obliged to admit that the Atlantique had indeed been shot down over Pakistan's air space.”
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Tinker, Hugh. „Burma's Struggle for Independence: The Transfer of Power Thesis Re-examined“. Modern Asian Studies 20, Nr. 3 (Juli 1986): 461–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00007824.
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On 3 May 1945, British—Indian forces landed in Rangoon. The Japanese had pulled out. The city was liberated. On 16 June there was a victory parade, though the final victory over Japan was still distant and most of their conquests were intact. Admiral Mountbatten, Supreme Allied Commander, took the salute while detachments representing the one million men under his command passed by in massed array. Famous regiments from Britain, India and Nepal; the Royal Navy; the Royal Air Force; men from the United States Air Force. It was an impressive sight, though the ceremony took place in pouring rain. Amongst them all was a somewhat ragged band representing the Burma National Army which, having been raised by the Japanese, had fought for three months alongside the British. Watching the parade from the central dais was a young man dressed in the uniform of a Japanese Major-General, though he also wore an arm-band with a conspicuous red star. The outfit was incongruously crowned by a pith sun-helmet—a topi. Probably most foreigners present assumed he was a Chinese officer. He was actually Bogyoke Aung San, commander of the BNA.
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Adhitya, Reza Taufan, Renny Anggraeny und Ida Ayu Laksmita Sari. „Representasi Sejarah dan Dampak Perang Dunia II dalam Komik Kono Sekai No Katasumi Ni Karya Fumiyo Kouno“. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 4, Nr. 2 (01.06.2021): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v4i2.178.
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This study aims to find out and understand the representation of the history of World War II and the impact of World War II on the Japanese, especially the people who live in Kure in the comic Kono Sekai no Katasumi ni by Fumiyo Kouno. The method used in this study is the descriptive analysis method. The theory used in this study is the theory of New Historicism by Stephen Greenbalt. The results show, there are five historical facts, the establishment of tonarigumi, the creation of the tatemono sokai policy, the air attack on Kure, the attack on the Hiro Naval Base, and the dropping of Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima, which also affected Kure area which is 20 kilometres to southeast Hiroshima. In addition, as a result of the occurrence of World War II, the mindset of the Japanese people regarding war changed from those previously zealous in warfare to preferring to maintain peace. On the other hand, the impact of World War II is still being felt today by the Japanese people, especially for victims who survived and were still alive until the time this comic was published.
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ȚECU, Cristian. „ASPECTS REGARDING THE DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS OF THE MECHANIZED (INFANTRY) BRIGADE IN THE JOINT CONTEXT“. BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 10, Nr. 3 (20.10.2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-21-28.
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Throughout history, military action has undergone a permanent process of evolution and diversification, both in terms of scope and with respect to spatial, temporal and material dimensions. The trend that is becoming more and more pronounced is that all operations, including defence, will have a common goal, because they can no longer be carried out in a single environment, but both in the physical environment (land, air, naval, cosmic), as well as in the virtual environment (electromagnetic - cybernetic). At the same time, the need for flexibility in preparing and conducting operations against an opponent with fluctuating combat potential highlights the need to form joint task forces. Flexibility implies that this force, adopting a certain modular organization, be able to carry out operations specific to armed struggle, when such operations are required and also the same force, but in another modular organization, to be able to, in -an optimal time, to perform stability and support operations.
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Giana, Gemala, Kurnia Warman und Zefrizal Nurdin. „Legal Protection to the Holder of Freehold Estate Certificate for Land in Nagari Gadut of Agam Regency“. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, Nr. 2 (20.05.2019): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i2.733.
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This research affirmed that at the end of 2013, the Indonesian Air Force claimed land located in Nagari Gadut, especially in the area of Jorong PSB (Pulai Sungai Talang Bukit Lurah) and Jorong PGRM (Pandam Gadang Ranggo Malai) as land owned by Indonesian Air Force. In fact, the local community already has a freehold estate certificate for the land. The problems in this research include: (1) how is the process of freehold estate registration in Nagari Gadut of Agam Regency claimed by the Indonesian Air Force? (2) What is the status of the community land in Nagari Gadut of Agam Regency after the claim from the Indonesian Air Force? (3) What is the legal protection for the holder of freehold estate certificate for land in Nagari Gadut of Agam Regency? This research applies an empirical juridical method and is included in descriptive analytical research. The data collection was carried out through document study and interview techniques. The data processing techniques included editing and coding. Based on the research results, it is concluded that: (1) In the process of registering land in the Japanese government’s former booty area, the rights were derived through conversion. In general, the registration of land from which rights are derived through conversion is carried out through two stages, i.e. activities at the customary level and activities at the government level. (2) After the claims from Indonesian Air Force at the end of 2013, community’s land in Nagari Gadut especially Jorong PSB and Jorong PGRM was in the status quo. (3) As long as there is no inkracht decision by the court, the land remains the property of the community. In addition, if the land is required by the Indonesian Air Force for public purposes, it can be resolved through a land acquisition mechanism.
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Noh, Giseop, und Hayoung Oh. „A Field Study on Concurrent Spare Parts Recommendation in an Airborne Weapon System“. Defence Science Journal 68, Nr. 3 (16.04.2018): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.68.11273.
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As the complexity of weapon systems has grown exponentially during the past few years, initial operation capability has been a crucial factor for military forces. Concurrent spare parts (CSPs) is the quantity of spare parts ensuring initial operating period specified by demanding forces acquiring newly deployed weapon systems. Because of the growth of system complexity, recommending precise CSP is not trivial. The Republic of Korea developed an improved CSP recommendation system and deployed the system for naval weapon systems. In this paper, we increase the prediction accuracy of CSP up to 23.1 per cent and 7.16 per cent higher in terms of budget constraint and operational availability (Ao) constraint. The main improvement is achieved by facilitating simulations using the real field data from Korean air force. Also, we propose two validation approaches and show the possibility of extension to the general weapon systems. From the experimental study, we show that the CSP recommendation system can be deployed for navy and air forces.
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Talmadge, Caitlin. „Closing Time: Assessing the Iranian Threat to the Strait of Hormuz“. International Security 33, Nr. 1 (Juli 2008): 82–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.33.1.82.
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How might Iran retaliate in the aftermath of a limited Israeli or U.S. strike? The most economically devastating of Iran's potential responses would be closure of the Strait of Hormuz. According to open-source order of battle data, as well as relevant analogies from military history and GIS maps, Iran does possess significant littoral warfare capabilities, including mines, antiship cruise missiles, and land-based air defense. If Iran were able to properly link these capabilities, it could halt or impede traffic in the Strait of Hormuz for a month or more. U.S. attempts to reopen the waterway likely would escalate rapidly into sustained, large-scale air and naval operations during which Iran could impose significant economic and military costs on the United States—even if Iranian operations were not successful in truly closing the strait. The aftermath of limited strikes on Iran would be complicated and costly, suggesting needed changes in U.S. force posture and energy policy.
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Carlier, Claude. „Les armées françaises et l'observation à partir de la troisième dimension. Du ballon au satellite.“ Revue Historique des Armées 234, Nr. 1 (2004): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2004.5567.
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Gathering intelligence on an adversary has always been a vital element of success. Man’s conquest of aerospace (the Third Dimension), beginning in 1783, opened up fresh perspectives. Reconnaissance was one of the first missions given to lighter-than-air vessels, balloons and dirigibles and then, from 1909, to aeroplanes. A half-century later the Third Dimension experienced an almost-limitless expansion with the conquest of space. Almost another fifty years on, new means to utilise the Third Dimension started to come into service with UAVs (known sometimes as drones). New aerospace military reconnaissance systems are increasingly capable, complex to operationalise, and very expensive. The naval, army and air force military budgets must face up to additional costs because the new assets do not always simply replace older ones, they add to them. The development of such assets, by France and the European Union, is strategically crucial. A lack will condemn them to paralysis.
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Javaudin, Olivier, A. Baillon, N. Varin, C. Martinaud, T. Pouget, C. Civadier, B. Clavier und A. Sailliol. „Air-drop blood supply in the French Army“. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 164, Nr. 4 (12.02.2018): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2017-000886.
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BackgroundHaemorrhagic shock remains the leading cause of preventable death in overseas and austere settings. Transfusion of blood components is critical in the management of this kind of injury. For French naval and ground military units, this supply often takes too long considering the short shelf-life of red blood cell concentrates (RBCs) and the limited duration of transport in cooling containers (five to six days). Air-drop supply could be an alternative to overcome these difficulties on the condition that air-drop does not cause damage to blood units.MethodsAfter a period of study and technical development of packaging, four air-drops at medium and high altitudes were performed with an aircraft of the French Air Force. After this, one air-drop was carried out at medium altitude with 10 RBCs and 10 French lyophilised plasma (FLYP). A second air-drop was performed with a soldier carrying one FLYP unit at 12 000 feet. For these air-drops real blood products were used, and quality control testing and temperature monitoring were performed.ResultsThe temperatures inside the containers were within the normal ranges. Visual inspection indicated that transfusion packaging and dumped products did not undergo deterioration. The quality control data on RBCs and FLYP, including haemostasis, suggested no difference before and after air-drop.DiscussionThe operational implementation of the air-drop of blood products seems to be one of the solutions for the supply of blood products in military austere settings or far forward on battlefield, allowing safe and early transfusion.
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García, Celso, Antoni Ginard-Bujosa und Joana M. Petrus. „Interés geoestratégico de las Islas Baleares y actividades de reconocimiento aéreo de la Royal Air Force (1941-1944)“. Investigaciones Geográficas, Nr. 75 (15.06.2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo.17692.
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La localización geoestratégica de las Baleares en el centro de la cuenca occidental del Mediterráneo, y su utilidad como base naval y aérea, ayudó a que las islas fueron observadas y vigiladas por las fuerzas del eje y los aliados durante la segunda guerra mundial. Desde octubre de 1941 hasta marzo de 1944 las Baleares fueron objeto de un minucioso seguimiento a través de las fotografías aéreas verticales realizadas por vuelos de reconocimiento de las fuerzas aéreas británicas que salían desde Gibraltar. Estas fotografías eran utilizadas para realizar informes al gabinete de guerra sobre la situación en los puertos y aeródromos de las islas. Además, las diversas imágenes fotográficas, que tenían un grado de resolución muy elevado, fueron utilizadas en los informes especiales de interpretación para cada isla. Estos estudios técnicos de fotointerpretación realizan un análisis territorial exhaustivo, idóneo para una eventual ocupación militar. Las fotografías aéreas descubiertas son de gran interés, porque, mediante la georeferenciación, hacen posible los estudios geomorfológicos, biogeográficos, de usos del suelo, de cultivos, de la red viaria, de las infraestructuras, de la evolución urbana, o, incluso, de las primeras instalaciones turísticas a principios de los años 40 del siglo pasado.
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Brown, Noelle L., Ciara Sibley, Cyrus K. Foroughi, Joseph T. Coyne, Nathan Herdener, Henry Phillips und Kenneth King. „Spatial Ability Stress Test for Screening and Selection: The Development of SCOUT-R“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2020): 1551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641371.
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Spatial abilities are often predictive of occupational success. Specifically, they are thought to play a role in aviator success and thus, are evaluated in Naval and Air Force aviation selection. However, the selection process only includes a single assessment of spatial ability which recent findings have called into question its validity. The creation of a speeded spatial ability stress test with face validity for the Navy and Marine Corps aviation community was investigated. We developed SCOUT-R, a multitask environment where participants quickly discriminated target objects from distractors, all of which could appear in any 90° orientation. The results showed the speeded presentation affected subjective workload and task strategy; however, target discrimination improved as the speed of presentation increased. The implications for SCOUT-R as a spatial ability selection test are considered.
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Watts, Robert. „Controversial Victory: The “Tanker War” Against Japan, 1942–1944“. Open Military Studies 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openms-2022-0137.
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Abstract In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, the Army Air Corps (soon to be Air Force) provoked controversy by criticizing the Navy’s “tanker war” against Japanese oil, stating that Japan’s collapse might have occurred months if not years sooner had a coordinated submarine campaign against tankers been conducted. For years, submariners pointed to a host of problems as to why enemy oil tankers were not targeted effectively until later in the war, including prewar doctrine, faulty torpedoes and lack of intelligence. The reality – classified until the early 1980s – was that intelligence on the Japanese was so sparse that only through a highly classified signal intelligence effort was enough information derived to target enemy oil. This article will examine the developing and maturing link between signal intelligence and submarines using primary sources declassified in the 1980s. The research will demonstrate that there was no single answer to targeting enemy oil tankers, but only through intense analysis and coordination among multiple Services and agencies were the submarines able to launch their devasting offensive against Japanese oil tankers in late 1943.
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Criswell, Eleanor L. „Early Consideration of Human Factors in Military System Design“. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, Nr. 13 (September 1986): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603001310.
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The goal of this symposium is to present the status and future directions of programs aimed at consideration of human factors early in military system design. Military initiatives of this nature are not new, but in the past they have not become integral parts of the military system acquisition process. Recent programs in each service, however, reflect more serious and in-depth attempts to use human factors data to influence and evaluate system design than has been the case in the past. The Army now requires MANPRINT analyses, Navy HARDMAN analyses are mandated, and the Air Force is now pilot testing its own program called MPTIS. This symposium consists of introductory remarks by Dr. Joseph Peters of Science Applications International Corporation, and papers from LTC William 0. Blackwood, HQ Department of the Army, CDR George S. Council, Jr., Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, and COL AI Grieshaber, HQ, U. S. Air Force. Dr. Peters' paper, “Human Factors Issues in Military System Design,” defines “human factors” as a combination of human factors engineering, biomedical engineering, manpower/personnel, and training elements. The paper presents three measures of success of human factors programs early in system acquisition: long-lasting policy, committed management, and availability of scientific technology for program Implementation and evaluation. LTC Blackwood's paper discusses the importance the Army places on its MANPRINT program. MANPRINT program history, status, and possible program evolution are addressed. CDR Council's paper addresses the potential for the addition of human factors to the Navy HARDMAN program which addresses manpower, personnel, and training. CDR Council suggests that human factors advocates present a human factors program which is clearly defined and limited in scope to render it easily appreciated by Navy management, and that advocates can benefit from lessons learned during the institutionalization of HARDMAN. COL Grieshaber's paper “MPT in the Air Force” describes a pilot MPT (manpower, personnel, training) program at Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright Patterson AFB. This program will analyze aircraft system designs for their MPT requirements, suggest design changes where requirements exceed Air Force availabilities, and assess design changes for their MPT impact.
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Shoop, Robert L. „Tom Womack, The Dutch Naval Air Force Against Japan. The Defense of the Netherlands East Indies, 1941-1942 (Robert L. Shoop)“. Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 31, Nr. 4 (19.07.2022): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.908.
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Madsen, Chris. „Tom Womack, The Dutch Naval Air Force Against Japan: The Defense of the Netherlands East Indies, 1941-1942 by Chris Madsen“. Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 33, Nr. 3-4 (28.06.2024): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.1229.
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Wanasinghe, H. W. N., und M. A. D. C. K. Wijethunga. „Integrating Air Assets for Augmenting Surveillance Capabilities of the Sri Lanka Coast Guard“. KDU Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, Nr. 1 (11.07.2023): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/kjms.v5i1.70.
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Law enforcement at sea is of prime importance for an Island nation. At present Sri Lanka Coast Guard (SLCG) satisfies its aerial demands through Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF) under various limitations causing a gap between the demand and supply of aerial surveillance requirements. Hence this exploratory qualitative study has followed a deductive approach, interpretivism philosophy, and grounded theory strategy to realize the objectives of determining the present status of the SLCG surveillance mechanism, determining how the air assets could be effectively integrated into the SLCG surveillance mechanism, and to study the impact of integrating air assets into the SLCG surveillance mechanism. A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis resulted in strengths as already enacted act, experienced crew, and intention of authorities to integrate air assets into SLCG. Weaknesses were found to be a lack of naval assets, manpower, and the absence of air assets. Opportunities are the possible training opportunities, collaboration with the Sri Lanka Navy and SLAF, obtaining air assets through mutual cooperation, and leeway of integrating into a common maritime policy. Changing dynamics of non-traditional security threats, and geo-political implications due to inadequate presence and inadequate budget were identified as threats in SWOT analysis. Based on the outcome of the SWOT analysis, researchers came up with five recommendations such as formulating a framework for integrating air assets into SLCG, formulating a doctrine and Standard Operating Procedure for maritime-air operations of SLCG, developing a dialogue with SLAF for mutual cooperation and secondment of air and ground crew required for SLCG air operations, pursue diplomatic means for obtaining air assets and related training and finally conducting joint and multinational training and operations with local and international stakeholders. Therefore, strengthening SLCG capabilities and capacities by integrating air assets through a feasible framework in meeting its future operational demand is essential.
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Sehyun Cho. „Rebuilding of Naval Force and Enhancement of Maritime Right (海權) during the End of Ching Dynasty - Focusing on post Sino-Japanese War“. Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences 14, Nr. 1 (April 2013): 245–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15818/ihss.2013.14.1.245.
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Silmiwati, Silmiwati. „PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP ZONA LARANGAN TERBANG BAGI PESAWAT SIPIL ASING DI INDONESIA“. University Of Bengkulu Law Journal 2, Nr. 2 (31.10.2019): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ubelaj.2.2.123-134.
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The sovereignty is the highest authority owned by the state. In the sovereignty decided contained matter relating with the power and responsibility for the state territory. The state have a responsibility to own territory and that state has the power to be competent for apply the no-fly zone. Indonesian state is the sovereign state, therefore with the implementation of no-fly zone meant that no reduction in the sovereignty of Indonesian state. The results showed that no-fly zone was regulated in International Law on Paris Convention 1919 Article 3 and 4, and Chicago Convention 1944 Article 9. The National Law, no-fly zone was regulated on Article 7 Legislation Number 1 of 2009 about Aviation. Indonesia has setting the rule of no-fly zone in the region WAP7 Surabaya Naval Base and WAP23 Balikpapan Flare. Indonesia Air Force has working to maintain the sovereignty of Indonesia.