Dissertationen zum Thema „Isothermal pcr“
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McClean, Jennifer Natalie. „Novel isothermal PCR methodologies for the selective detection and analysis of microorganisms in environmental samples“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557957.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePommies, Lilas. „Intégration de la préparation des échantillons dans une analyse par spectrométrie de masse et PCR isotherme“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASQ001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBioanalysis is the identification and the quantification of biological molecules or active biological agent in a sample. It is divided into several stages: sample collection and sending to the laboratory; sample preparation to make it compatible with the analysis method; analysis and, finally, measurement of the events occurring during the analysis.During this thesis, two analysis were studied: mass spectrometry, more specifically MALDI-TOF and an isothermal PCR called Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).The main aim was to make these methods compatible with field use. To achieve this, the SPID, a device patented by CEA, was adapted to both technologies. This device enables a bacterial suspension to be filtered, concentrated, extracted and detected by lateral flow immunoassay. The SPID is a tool that eliminate the need for centrifugation or washing, methods traditionally used to prepare sample for MALDI and LAMP.To analyze ribosomal proteins by MALDI-TOF, an extraction buffer compatible with this technic had to be developed. Indeed, to facilitate bacterial lysis, the use of detergents is often recommended but detergents can prevent the identification of bacteria by mass spectrometry. The results were compared with a reference protocol proposed by Bruker. Using SPID, three bacterial species were identified at a concentration of 107 CFU/mL in a simple medium and in urine. In contrast, the reference protocol identified the same species at a concentration of 106 CFU/mL.To make heating step compatible with filed use, an autonomous heating station was designed during the thesis. This station heats the SPID tank for 40 minutes at 65°C. It could be battery-powered.The amplification products, called amplicons, are detected by lateral flow immunoassay. Amplicons are end-labeled using two pirmers. One primer is labeled with digoxygenin, the other with biotin. The amplicon is captured by an anti-digoxigenin antibody, immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane; and revealed using streptavidin coupled to gold nanoparticles.With the optimizations made during the thesis, the complete LAMP field protocol takes less than an hour : from de sample preparation to the detection
Ghosh, Satyaki. „Molecular Detection and Quantification of the Fish Pathogen Saprolegnia spp. Using qPCR and Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification“. Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1573814311236554.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRAVI, RANJANI. „A Novel RNA Virus Detection System Based on Duplex Specific Nuclease“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1413820090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStiedl, Cathrin [Verfasser], und Karin [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber. „Bestimmung des MDR1 (Multidrug resistance 1)-Genstatus beim Hund mittels allel-spezifischer PCR und allel-spezifischer Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) / Cathrin Stiedl ; Betreuer: Karin Weber“. München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1141053756/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSantos, Marcos André Ferreira. „Desenvolvimento de métodos moleculares para detecção de Theileria annulata“. Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6271.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA theileriose tropical (ou mediterrânica) é uma doença transmitida por carraças e que afecta bovinos, resultando em elevadas perdas económicas na produção e comércio internacional destes animais. O agente da doença é o hemoparasita Theileria annulata e a sua detecção em animais infectados é habitualmente realizada através de exame microscópico de esfregaços de sangue, que apresenta baixa sensibilidade na identificação de animais portadores, onde apenas um número diminuto de eritrócitos se mantém infectado. O objectivo deste estudo foi desenvolver métodos melhorados de detecção de T. annulata em amostras de sangue de bovino, baseados nas tecnologias de PCR em tempo real e de amplificação isotérmica de ácidos nucleicos (LAMP). Foram desenhados oligonucleótidos iniciadores com alvos complementares no gene Tams1, específico de T. annulata,para o método de LAMP. O DNA foi extraído a partir de amostras de sangue de bovino, usando métodos comerciais robotizados e kits de extracção, e foi usado como molde nas reacções de PCR em tempo real (com o corante intercalante EvaGreen®) e LAMP. Estas amostras de DNA encontravam-se testadas para a presença de parasitas dos géneros Theileria e Babesia, usando um método de hibridação reversa em membrana (Reverse Line Blotting – RLB). A detecção de T. annulata por PCR em tempo real nestas amostras revelou uma especificidade e sensibilidade de 100% e 80%,respectivamente, usando o teste de RLB como referência. A técnica de LAMP, por sua vez, conseguiu detectar uma amostra com baixa parasitémia correspondente a 0,03%. Ambas as técnicas usadas neste trabalho demonstraram ser eficientes na detecção de T. annulata, constituindo a técnica de PCR em tempo real um bom método de detecção em laboratórios bem equipados e a técnica de LAMP uma promissora ferramenta em laboratórios de diagnóstico com menores recursos.
Apoiado pelo Deputado Europeu Rui Tavares através do financiamento de uma bolsa de estudo
Batinga, Maria Cryskely Agra. „Diagnóstico molecular comparativo da brucelose canina pela aplicação das técnicas de reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) e amplificação isotérmica do DNA mediada por loop (LAMP)“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-25052017-105756/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrucella canis is the etiological agent responsible for brucellosis in dogs and can be transmitted to human beings, occasionally resulting in severe disease, and leading to impacts on public health. Canine brucellosis triggers numerous economic losses in commercial kennels, causing abortions, embryonic death, stillbirths and birth of debilitated puppies. Serological diagnosis is routinely performed, but blood culture is the gold standard test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to the direct diagnosis of infection in view of its speed and high specificity and sensitivity values, however it has high cost because of the laboratory infrastructure and equipments needed. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) may be an alternative to DNA amplification in a shorter period of time, with simplicity and low cost. This project evaluated the potential of the molecular tests of PCR and LAMP using primers targeting the insertion sequence IS711 of Brucella, using 98 whole blood samples of 57 dogs. The 57 dogs were divided into three groups: infected by B. canis (dogs with positive results in blood culture), non-infected by B. canis (dogs with negative results by blood culture and showing no clinical or epidemiological evidences of brucellosis) and dogs suspected of brucellosis (those with negative blood culture but with clinical and/or epidemiological evidences of infection). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PCR and LAMP were calculated using the infected and non-infected groups, respectively. The performance of the three diagnostic tests was pair compared using the 98 samples using McNemar test and Kappa coefficient. The proportion of positive samples detected by blood culture, PCR and LAMP was respectively 43.87% (43/98), 46.93% (46/98), and 16.33% (16/98). The concordance between blood culture and PCR was almost perfect, while the concordance between LAMP and blood culture and between LAMP and PCR was fair. The diagnostic sensitivity of PCR and LAMP was, respectively, 100% (18/18) and 44.44% (8/18), while the diagnostic specificity of the tests was 96% (20/21) and 100% (21/21), respectively. LAMP performance was not satisfactory for canine brucellosis diagnosis because of the low sensitivity of the test. PCR showed similar performance when compared to blood culture, which makes it a good alternative for use for the diagnosis of canine brucellosis.
Oliveira, Maythsulene Inácio de Sousa. „Desenvolvimento de métodos moleculares para detecção simultânea de fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, fusarium solani e curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens“. Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8762.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is grown in Brazil in three different cropping seasons, and in diverse agroecosystems. In such different environments, the crop is exposed to several constraints responsible for yield losses, such as pathogenic organisms. Among common bean relevant diseases, fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli), dry root-rot (Fusarium solani) and Curtobacterium wilt (Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens) have similar symptoms, hindering diagnosis in the field, and whose identification in seed health testing is also limited. In both cases, identification at species level is an important step to manage this root pathogen complex, whose detection can be improved by molecular biology tools. Therefore, this study aimed to: 1) to develop and validate a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) method for simultaneous identification of three common bean pathogens, F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, F. solani and C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens; and 2) develop an isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP) method to detect of F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli on seeds. M-PCR method was developed for identification of isolated colonies, as well as infected seeds. In seeds, total DNA was obtained by alkaline lysis method, which inactivates nucleases during the extraction process. M-PCR allowed the identification of all pathogens, with detection of C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli and F. solani amplicons in agarose gel with respectively 306, 609 and 143 base pairs. Furthermore, m-PCR also reduced costs and time to detect Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli from 10 days to three hours. It was not possible to develop an optimized protocol for detection of F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli by the LAMP method, using only the tf1 gene for design of primers, since such primers were functional only for amplifying large amounts of target DNA. Based on the negative results with LAMP, it is suggested that further studies should be performed using other DNA sequences available in GenBank database.
O feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é cultivado durante todo o ano no território brasileiro, em três épocas distintas e em vários agroecosistemas. Nestes ambientes distintos, a cultura está exposta a diversos fatores que causam perdas de rendimento, como o ataque de patógenos. Dentre as doenças do feijoeiro-comum encontram-se a murcha-de-fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli), a podridão-radicular-seca (Fusarium solani) e a murcha-de-curtobacterium (Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens) que apresentam sintomas semelhantes, dificultando seu diagnóstico no campo, e cuja identificação em testes de sanidade de sementes também é limitada. Em ambos os casos, a identificação em nível de espécie é uma importante etapa do manejo deste complexo de patógenos, cuja detecção pode ser aperfeiçoada com a adoção de ferramentas de biologia molecular. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivos: 1) Desenvolver e validar um método de multiplex PCR (m-PCR) para identificação simultânea de três espécies de patógenos do feijoeiro-comum, F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, F. solani e C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens; e 2) desenvolver a técnica de amplificação isotérmica de DNA (LAMP) para detecção de F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli em sementes. O método de m-PCR foi desenvolvido para identificação de colônias isoladas bem como sementes infectadas. Nas sementes, o DNA total foi obtido pela lise alcalina, método que inativa nucleases durante o processo de extração. A m-PCR possibilitou a identificação de todos os patógenos, com detecção de C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli e F. solani em bandas formadas em gel de agarose respectivamente com 306, 609 e 143 pares de base. Além disso, a extração do DNA total das sementes pela lise alcalina em combinação com a m-PCR também possibilitou redução de custos e tempo de realização do diagnóstico de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, de 10 dias para três horas. Não foi possível estabelecer um protocolo otimizado para detecção de F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli pelo método LAMP, utilizando somente o gene tf1 para desenho dos iniciadores, uma vez que, os iniciadores revelaram-se funcionais apenas para a amplificação com grandes quantidades de DNA alvo. Diante dos resultados obtidos com LAMP, sugere-se que estudos posteriores sejam realizados empregando outras sequências de DNA disponíveis no banco de dados GenBank.
Tafoukt, Boulous Djida. „Suivi de réactions biochimiques par calorimétrie en vue de la production de biocarburants de 2ème génération“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4332/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSecond generation biofuel is developed in a context marked by an increasing demand for primary energy, a decrease in resources and in environmental protection concernsHowever, this biofuel is not economically viable. Optimization, control and knowledge of the kinetics governing this bioethanol production processes are crucial elements.In this study the potential of isothermal calorimetry to monitor hydrolysis and fermentation reactions is tested.The results show that the isothermal calorimetry is an effective method. Indeed this method allowed determining that the substrate/enzyme ratio is an important parameter of the hydrolysis yield.Furthermore it has determined a better enzyme cocktail consisting of Cellulases + Cellobiose Dehydrogenase (CDH) which allows the production of a certain amount of gluconic acid, which could improve the attractiveness of these second-generation biofuels. These same tests also determined the hydrolysis heat of wheat straw which is 32.18 ± 3.18 J.g-1 (gram reducing sugars product).The measurements obtained were used to determine kinetic constants cellulases + CDH on wheat straw and the results show that this enzyme cocktail is faster at 45 ° C in the range of temperatures tested (40 - 55°C) with a speed of 7.36 ± 0.62 mmol/L.min.In addition, testing with a laboratory-scale calorimeter showed that even if this tool does not accurately measure the heat generated by the hydrolysis reaction and fermentation, it gives a good indication of the development and advancement of these reactions
Yu, Hao. „Matériaux hydrures pour le stockage irréversible ou réversible de l’hydrogène“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10247.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of fossil fuels (non-renewable) is the main raison of increasing the green house in the atmosphere. Among the considered alternatives, hydrogen is seen as the most attractive energy carrier. The storage of the hydrogen in the solid phase in the form of hydrides is one of the clean future solutions for storage and transport of energy. Among potential materials, sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and magnesium hydride (MgH2) were selected regarding their high hydrogen gravimetric capacity. The hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4 was studied in a liquid phase calorimetry coupled to a gas-meter, in order to monitor simultaneously the kinetics of the hydrogen production and the evolution of the reaction heat. We prepared cobalt supported catalysts using various supports (hydrotalcites, KF/Al2O3, heteropolyanions) with different acid-base properties. The supports and the catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM+EDX, ICP and BET. Co/heteropolyanions showed a very high kinetics for the production of hydrogen accompanied by a total conversion in the hydrolysis reaction. The absorption and desorption of hydrogen were studied using magnesium hydride. In order to improve the sorption kinetics of MgH2, we have prepared the MgH2-MT (MT= transition metal Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn), MgH2-MTmixture (MT= transition metal Co, Ni, Fe), MgH2-MTnano (MT = transition metal Conano, Ninano, Fenano, Cunano, Znnano) and MgH2-nLiBH4-MTnano (MT = transition metal Conano, Ninano, Fenano) mixtures by high energy ball milling. Their physicochemical properties were studied by XRD and SEM+EDX. The temperature of hydrogen desorption and the amount of hydrogen generated were investigated by TPD. The kinetics of hydrogen absorption and the reversibility of hydrogen storage were investigated with PCT isotherm for the system of MgH2-MTnano. The sample MgH2-10-Ninano presents the best property for reversible hydrogen storage; MgH2- 10-Conano and MgH2-10-Fenano are also good potential candidates
Taneja, Divya. „Développement et caractérisation d’une technique d’interconnexion verticale de puces“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the constant demand for reducing the feature size of transistors and that of the devices, which is guided by Moore’s law, 2D integration is no longer fit to adapt the growing demand. This has led to 3D integration of active devices with the help of Cu/Ni pillars capped with Sn based solder alloys. In the coming years, applications which demand high density interconnects (optoelectronic, microdisplays, IR-detectors, MEMS) will require an interconnect pitch of 10 µm and below. However, Cu/Ni/solder pillars have never been investigated in depth for such a small interconnection pitch. With reduction of interconnect dimension, the diameter of Cu/Ni pillar and solder alloy also reduces. Thus, it is feared that the intermetallic formation, which is the key phenomenon responsible for the bonding, may be problematic due to the reduction in size of Cu pillar capped with solder alloy.The thesis is dedicated to the metallurgical study and its characterization for very small interconnects (5 µm) at 10 µm pitch, where the main focus is given on the physio-chemical mechanisms of soldering between Sn-Ag solder alloy and Ni or Ni/Au layers. For the first time, the mechanism of solid-state interactions between Sn and Ni is studied in depth and also for the first time the Ni3Sn4 SLID (Solid-Liquid-lnterdiffusion) system as an interconnect has been investigated at these dimensions. Moreover, the mechanical and electrical properties as well as the thermal stability of these interconnects are studied. Interestingly, during the latter part of this study, Ni3Sn2 layer is observed during aging of the Ni/Ni3Sn4 system for low temperature (200°C)
Boukellal, Ahmed Kaci. „Isothermal solidification of Si and Al-Cu : 3D phase-field simulations“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190924_BOUKELLAL_415xwgus182meagrn974iaa123buxypi_TH.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe study isothermal solidification of Si and Al-Cu. To this aim, we perfom 3D phase-field simulations using the thin interface models developed by Karma's group. Our numerical conditions are based on the experimental ones. As a result, direct comparison between numerics and experiments leads to quantitative results. Concerning Si, we propose new anisotropy functions for the surface energy and the kinetic attachment. We find out that anisotropy of surface energy is solely responsible of the equilibrium shape, while both anisotropy functions are necessary to obtain acceptable growth shapes.Concerning Al-Cu, we study the growth and interactions of equiaxed dendrites in thin samples cooled isothermally at a constant cooling rate. We propose two scaling laws : one for the maximum growth velocity Vm and the other for the time ΔTm ellapsed between Vm/2 and Vm. Both quantities depend on the distance L between the two initial germs and the alloy concentration C0 but VmΔTm depends only on L. We also show that transition from confined 3D to fully 3D occurs when the sample thickness is increased. Finally, the free growth selection mechanism is found to hold in the fast growth regime even if the instantaneous supersaturation varies with time
Baird, Sharon. „A study of type-3 copper proteins from arthropods“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/266.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMartineau, Clara. „Modélisation stochastique du dépôt de particules colloïdales transportées par des écoulements turbulents isothermes et non isothermes“. Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921279.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMartineau, Clara. „Modélisation stochastique du dépot de particules colloïdales transportées par des écoulements turbulents isothermes et non isothermes“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0194/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe present new results obtained with the generalisation to non isothermal flows of a Near-Wall particle deposition Model (NWM). This work is divided in two parts. The first part consists in coupling the Generalised Langevin Model used to compute the particles statistics in the core of the flow with the NWM that calculates particles motion in the vicinity of the wall. In order to achieve the coupling, we focus on the balance of fluxes of fluid particles crossing the interface between the models. This amounts to assessing if the coupling is valid in the fluid limit case, as non-physical accumulation of fluid particles can occur at the interface. It has lead to theoretical and numerical developments on the conditional statistics of particles crossing an interface. The particle deposition rate is then computed with inertial particles and the model reproduces satisfactorily experimental studies in isothermal flow. In the case of non isothermal flows, particles can experience thermophoresis (which is a mechanism that induces a particle flux in the presence of a temperature gradient) that may strongly affect the particle deposition rate. We thus choose to model thermophoresis in NWM to predict accurate particule deposition in non isothermal flows. We first investigate thermophoresis in gas as it is well explained. Thermophoresis in liquids is then studied. In contrast to the gases, the theory and experiment of thermophoresis in liquids are far from being well established. The last part of this work, dedicated to the modelisation of thermophoresis in liquids in the NWM has lead to new promising numerical results of particle deposition enhanced by thermophoresis
Lounis, Feriel Meriem. „Etude des interactions entre polyélectrolytes de charges opposées par électrophorèse capillaire et titration calorimétrique isotherme“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT187/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to study the interactions between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (PE) by frontal analysis continuous capillary electrophoresis (FACCE) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) as a function of the ionic strength of the medium and the physico-chemical properties related to the two partners (chemical charge density, molar mass, ramification). Statistical copolymers of acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonate (PAMAMPS) with chemical charge densities varying between 15% and 100% were synthesized and characterized for this study. Poly(L-lysine) under their linear (PLL) or ramified/hyperbranched (DGL) forms were used as model polycations. Turbidity measurements allowed the study of the stability of the polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) as a function of the ionic strength of the medium. PEC charge stoichiometries were measured by 1H-NMR, and a general predictive rule that estimates the PEC charge stoichiometry was enounced. The thermodynamic binding parameters (binding constant, stoichiometry, enthalpic and entropic contributions) were determined, by systematically plotting the isotherms of adsorption, and using the model of independent and identical interacting sites. A linear dependence between the logarithm of the binding constants and the logarithm of the ionic strength was observed. This linear dependence confirmed the entropic character of the interactions between oppositely charged PE and allowed quantifying the number of released counter-ions that were compared to the total number of condensed counter-ions. Furthermore, this modelling allowed predicting the binding constants for intermediate chemical charge densities and at different ionic strengths
Giraud, Stephen. „Croissance de couches minces de silicium pour applications photovoltaïques par epitaxie en phase liquide par évaporation du solvant“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI057/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrystalline Si thin films on low-cost substrates are expected to be alternatives to bulk Si materials for PV applications. Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) is one of the most suitable techniques for the growth of high quality Si layers since LPE is performed under almost equilibrium conditions. We investigated a growth technology which allows growing Si epitaxial thin films in steady temperature conditions through the control of solvent evaporation from a metallic melt saturated with silicon: Liquid Phase Epitaxy by Solvent Evaporation (LPESE). We studied the main requirements regarding selection of solvent, crucible and growth ambient, and a first experimental set up is designed. An analytical model is described and discussed, aiming to predict solvent evaporation and Si crystallization rate. Growth experiments are implemented with a vertical dipping system. Growth procedure is presented and the influence, on Si growth, of melt convection, temperature gradient in the melt and Si-M reactivity with the material crucible are discussed. Solutions are proposed to improve and optimise the growth conditions. Experimentally, Si thin films were grown from Sn-Si and In-Si solution at temperatures between 900 and 1200°C under high vacuum. We are able to achieve epitaxial layers of several micrometers thickness (20-40µm). The predicted solvent evaporation rate and Si growth rate are in agreement with the experimental measurements. Regarding the structural quality, it is comparable to the crystal quality of layers grown by LPE. With In and In(Ga) melts, we can obtain P-type epitaxial layers with doping level in the range 1017 at.cm3, which is of great interest for the fabrication of solar cells. Finally, the growth of Si thin films on multicrystalline Si substrates by LPESE is discussed to assess the potential application of this technique
Coulibaly, Sandotin Lassina. „Abattement des phosphates des eaux usées par adsorption sur des géomatériaux constitués de Latérite, grès et schistes ardoisiers“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0065/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWastewaters are often loaded in phosphate from human activities. The discharge of such wastewater without adequate treatment leads to rapid eutrophication of water bodies. The main of the present thesis was to characterize and investigate the removal efficiency of phosphate from water by natural geological material available in large amount in Ivory Coast. Ultimately, it has ambition to valorize geological material without mining interest for environmental purposes. For this research, the laterite, sandstone and shale were selected and prepared by mechanical crushing to obtain fine fractions below 80 µm. Detailed study to characterize these three rocks powder was performed, thus several mineralogical and physico-chemical properties were determinated by means of : X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), N2-adsorption/desorption techniques (BET), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), particle size distribution, cation exchange capacity and chemical analyses by atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Data shows high percentages of iron, aluminum and calcium oxides and oxyhydroxides for these three materials. This composition confer to the fine fraction the specific surface of 34; 4.7 et 16.5 m2/g for laterite, sandstone and shale respectively. In addition, the mineral structures of these materials reveal the presence of meso-and microporosity. These materials were then evaluated in the batch treatment of synthetic liquid effluents containing pure KH2PO4. The optimal dosage and equilibrium times were detected. After, isotherms were built at 20, 30 and 40°C. It was shown that phosphate affinity for the three absorbents is more important for laterite, sandstone and shale. The absorption process is strongly depends on pH. Phosphate retention rate on sandstone seem not to depend on temperature, on the other hand, those of laterite increase on the contrary way of the temperature and vice versa for schist. Several kinetic models (pseudo first order, pseudo second order, Elovich and diffusion models) were evaluated as well as thermodynamic parameters. Absorption reactions are perfectly described by the pseudo second order. Absorption equilibrium data allow defining interval where Langmuir and Freundlich model seems perfect. The proposed retention mechanism suggests the existence of two kinds of sites. DRIFTS analyses of adsorbents after adsorption revealed chemical interaction on adsorption process onto laterite and sandstone. This study demonstrated that laterite, sandstone and shale are an effective adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution. However, laterite shows a strong potentiality compared to the two others adsorbents
Brouard, Christine. „Contribution à l'étude de la rétention de phénylurées (herbicides) par des adsorbants modèles et des sols“. Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDergal, Fatiha. „Captage du CO2 par les amines demixantes“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10211.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, CO2 capture by amines solvents is the most advanced technology to reduce CO2 industrial emissions. However, this technology presents some concerns. The major problem of this process, using monoethanolamine (MEA), is the high energy needed to regenerate the solvent and makes the process of CO2 capture very expensive. In order to reduce the high cost associated to the energy of regeneration, various breakthrough processes have been studied within the framework of FUI «ACACIA» which include several companies (IFPEN, RHODIA/SOLVAY, ARKEMA, LAFARGE, Gas of France, VEOLIA) and four academic laboratories (LMOPS, LSA, LTIM (ex-LTSP), IRCELyon): - CO2 Capture with gas hydrate formation. - Use of enzymes leading to process of less energy-consuming. - Use of multiamines to increase the quantity of CO2 absorbed or demixing amines which only allow the regeneration of the rich phase in CO2 (low cost for regeneration energy). Our contribution into the consortium has been the study of seven demixing amines or multiamines: - Three commercial amines (the N-Methylpiperidine, 2-Methylpiperidine and the molecule A). - Four « multiamines » with confidentiel structures synthesized by LMOPS and denoted by the initials B, D, E, F. The demixing phenomenon is influenced by many factors such as temperature, the loading of the acid gas and the amine concentration of the solution. The understanding of this phenomenon is one of the objectives of this thesis. The essential data to estimate the potentials efficiency of solvent to capture CO2 is the isotherm of absorption. We have determined these isotherms at temperatures close to the absorber and regenerator units (respectively 40°C and 80°C) at different concentrations of amine ((26%, 30%, 50% and 66%) and pressures of CO2varying between 10 kPa et 200 kPa. The thermodynamic modelling of the isotherms of absorption allows to deduce important operating parameters of the process (cyclic capacity, average enthalpy of reaction, solvent flow...) and to dimension the absorption unit and to estimate its energy consumption. The experimental study has been completed by the determination of vapor-liquid equilibrium of pure amines and of different aqueous solutions of amines with the static method. These data allow anticipating the possible loss in amine in the regenerator. Among the studied amines, the one denoted with the initial « F » is a potential candidate for an industrial application energy-efficient (good CO2 absorption capacity, low regeneration energy, low volatility)
Zammouri, Amel. „Chromatographie de déplacement des acides aminés sur des colonnes de résines anioniques fortes : étude d'un déplaceur propre dioxyde de carbone sous pression dans l'eau“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL018N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChagras, Valérie. „Simulation eulérienne-lagrangienne d'écoulements gaz-solide non isothermes : intéractions particules-turbulence, application aux écoulements en conduite“. Nancy 1, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007697.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to contribute to the numerical modeling of turbulent gas-solid flows in vertical or horizontal non isothermal pipes, which can be found in many industrial processes (pneumatic transport, drying, ). The model is based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach allowing a fine description of the interactions between the two phases (action of the fluid upon the particles (dispersion), action of the particles upon the fluid (two way coupling) and between particles (collisions)), more or less influential according to the characteristics of the flow. The numerical developments brought to the model in vertical and horizontal pipe flow have been validated by comparison with available experimental results from the literature. The sensitivity tests highlight the influence of the dispersion model, collisions and turbulence modulation on the dynamic and thermal behavior of the suspension
Deborde, Florent. „Etude par spectrométrie mécanique isotherme de l'alliage à mémoire de forme NiTi“. Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2374.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDamidot, Denis. „Etude de l'hydratation du silicate tricalcique en suspensions diluées par microcalorimétrie isotherme“. Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMusso, Jean. „DPAO Diagramme de Phases Assisté par Ordinateur: Représentation et cheminement isothermes et isobares“. Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMusso, Jean. „Dpao : diagramme de phases assiste par ordinateur : representation et cheminement isothermes et isobares“. Toulon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUL0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBourgeois, Aléxis. „Adsorption et condensation de gaz dans des couches minces diélectriques mésoporeuses suivies par ellipsométrie“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066568.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Roux Nicolas. „Etude par similitude de l'influence du vent sur les transferts de masse dans les bâtiments complexes“. Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717838.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMuller, Laëtitia. „Etude expérimentale de l'interaction flamme-paroi instationnaire dans des conditions initiales non isothermes“. Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743578.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchmittbiel, Jean-Marc. „Modes de recristallisation après forgeage isotherme d'un superalliage élaboré par métallurgie des poudres“. ENSMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP1006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRemram, Mohamed. „Etude des défauts électriquement actifs induits par recuit rapide isotherme dans le silicium“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600699x.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJaeger, Marc. „Simulation numérique d'écoulements turbulents incompressibles et isothermes de fluides newtoniens par éléments finis tridimensionnels“. Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD273.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRemram, Mohamed. „Etude des défauts électriquement actifs induits par le recuit rapide isotherme dans le silicium“. Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBettini, Giacomo. „Bionanocomposites based on Plla, Pcl and montmorillonite: synthesis, characterization and crystallization“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10025/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFortuné, Véronique. „Etude par simulation numérique directe du rayonnement acoustique de couches de mélange isothermes et anisothermes“. Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006902.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCzarny, Bertrand. „Déterminants moléculaires d’un inhibiteur sélectif de la MMP-12 par approches pluridisciplinaires combinant la cristallographie et la microcalorimétrie“. Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P634.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRXP470.1 is one of the first highly potent and selective inhibitor of MMP-12, a zinc protease involved in several human diseases such as atherosclerosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To understand the molecular determinants controlling the interaction of RXP470.1 with MMP-12 active site, a multidisciplinary approach combining structure-activity data, crystallography and microcalorimetry have been performed on RXP470.1 and its three analogues. The affinities of the three RXP470.1 analogues have been determined. Then, fourcrystal structures of MMP-12 in interaction with these inhibitors have beendetermined at high resolution, 1.15 Å, 1.50 Å, 1.50 Å et 1.30 Å, respectively. These data have indicated that the presence of a long hydrophobic side chain in the P1’ position of the RXP470.1, which enters deeply inside the S1’ cavity of MMP-12, is playing a key role in the inhibitor affinity. The contribution of this side chain is mostly entropic (-TDS - 4 kcal/mol). The interaction of RXP470.1 with MMP-12 is also mostly driven by a sizeable entropy increase (-TDS= -10 kal/mol) and a more modest enthalpy contribution (DH= -2.5 kcal/mol), despite the observation in the crystal structure of several contacts between inhibitor and MMP-12 active site. Furthermore, this study reveals that the binding of RXP470.1 to MMP-12 is linked to a proton uptake involving two negatively charged residues, the catalytic Glu219 and the phosphoryl group of the inhibitor. Furthermore, despite that the phosphoryl group is considered as a weak zincbinding group, this study highlights that the interactions of this group with the active site zinc atom involved strong directionality between these two groups. This effect has strong impact on the positioning of the other parts of the inhibitor in the MMP-12 active site. This last effect could be responsible for the modest enthalpy increase associated with the binding of RXP470.1 to MMP-12, by preventing the optimization of several interactions between the inhibitor and the enzyme. The results indicate that the role of the zinc-binding group should be better consider in the future. Finally this study opens a new vision in this field and should allow the design of new selective inhibitors of other MMPs
Abid, Hacini Ouarda. „Adsorption par le charbon actif de micropolluants organiques en solution aqueuse“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602060q.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCovarel, Grégory. „Etude par spectrométrie mécanique isotherme à basse fréquence d'alliages CuAlNi et relation avec la microstructure“. Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2255.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArcen, Boris. „Etude par simulation numérique directe du comportement et de la dispersion de particules solides en écoulement non homogène isotherme ou anisotherme“. Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0163_ARCEN.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation is devoted to the investigation of the motion of solid particles in an isothermal and non isothermal inhomogeneous turbulent gas flow using direct numerical simulation. By means of this numerical tool, it was possible to analyse the inertia and crossing trajectory effects on the thermal and dynamical characteristics of the dispersed phase as well as on those of the fluid seen. A better understanding of the influence of these two effects is an important issue in the development of Eulerian-Eulerian and Eulerian-Lagrangian models. The study was conducted by extracting dispersed phase statistics such as concentration, mean and root mean square of the particle velocity, fluid-particle covariances, and triple particle velocity correlations. The characteristics of the fluid seen which were examined are the drift velocity, the Reynolds stresses, and the decorrelation time scales of the fluctuating velocity of the fluid seen. Concerning non isothermal flows, we present the thermal statistics of the dispersed phase as well as those of the fluid seen obtained in a downward channel flow. These aspects are investigated keeping in mind the objective of the present study, i. E. Understand the thermal behaviour of the dispersed phase and provide information about crucial parameters which appear in the modelling of such flows
Taty-Costodes, Victorien Christian. „Adsorption des métaux lourds cadmium (II) et plomb (II) par la sciure de pin sylvestre : application aux traitements des effluents liquides industriels“. Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066314.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePocheron, Mickaël. „Life-time prediction of solder joints used in surface mount assemblies during thermo-mechanical and isothermal aging“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0245.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBecause of ROHS or WEEE directives, in a close future, lead materials will be banned from electronicindustry. Unfortunately, Schlumberger is using high-lead content solders for surface mount devices forhigh temperature applications. Considering this issue, Schlumberger puts in place high amount of investments to replace these solders by lead-free solders. The topic of the work is to study lead free candidates destined to support Schlumberger high temperature mission profiles. The device under test chosen for this project is a surface mount device composed of a passive component connected to a ceramic substrate by solder joints. The predictive study of reliability of these new assemblies for high temperature applications needs two complementary analyses. The first study is to characterize, experimentally, the life time of surface mount assemblies using these new lead free solders submitted to accelerated thermomechanical and isothermal aging tests. Hence, the first benefits for Schlumberger are knowledge on thecompatibility of these new alloys with their current finishes with the microstructure and intermetallic compounds evolution. More over, the main effects due to aging are investigated like failure sites and mechanisms. The second goal of the project is to perform thermo-mechanical simulations of surface mount assembly under thermal cycling. Simulations help to understand local phenomena and estimatefatigue parameters under other thermal conditions. Then, a correlation between experimental results about failure and calculated fatigue leads to an estimation of the life time of the assemblies. Thus, simulations have the advantage to reduce the number of time-consuming and expensive thermo-mechanical agingtests. To perform a simulation, the physical parameters of each solder material are needed like elastic,plastic and creep data. Additional benefits for Schlumberger involve mechanical properties which are, at the moment, unknown for these new high temperature lead free materials
Khalifeh, Ahmad. „Simulations numériques bi- et tridimensionnelles d'écoulements non-isothermes de fluides anélastiques et viscoélastiques en conduites et dans un système vis-fourreau“. Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNumerical simulations of inelastic and viscoelastic fluids for non-isothermal flows in two- and three-dimensional geometries are based on multi-disciplinary concepts related to Rheology, Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Applied Mathematics and Programming. We consider here two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations using the Finite Volume method in 2D and 3D abrupt contractions and in a screw-barrel system. Such flow configurations are of importance from the fundamental and applied points of view, as those concerning extrusion and injection processes. The numerical results highlight a significant influence of the geometrical, thermal and rheological parameters on the flow characteristics
Hertz-Clemens, Stéphane. „Etude d'un composite aéraunautique à matrice métallique sous chargements de fatigue : solution mécano-thermique et propagation de fissures“. Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBalan, Alexandre. „Modélisation isotherme et anisotherme de la limite d'élasticité précipitation-dépendante de l'Inconel 718“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis manuscript presents the results of work concerning the effects of thermal transients on the precipitation of intermetallic phases in the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718® and the consequences of this precipitation on the mechanical properties of this alloy. This work focuses on a coupled approach capable of describing the evolution of the precipitation of the γ'' phase and its consequences on the yield strength of the Inconel 718®. The precipitation state is modeled thanks to the implementation of the equations of the classical germination and growth theory, modified to take into account the platelet geometry of the γ'' precipitates. This precipitation model is then validated by experimental data from the literature but also from transmission electron microscope observations and small angle neutron scattering tests. The size distribution of the γ'' phase thus simulated is used as the input data of a model for predicting the precipitation-dependent elasticity limit. These simulated elasticity limits are finally compared with experimental results from tensile tests. A welding model was then made to test the elastic yield prediction model for thermal transients in an industrial case
Broda, Mickaël. „Détermination de l'énergie d'activation des bétons par voie calorimétrique et mécanique : développement d'un calorimètre isotherme pour béton“. Artois, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ARTO0201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe mechanical properties of concrete evolve in the course of time. This is the consequence of the chemical reactions which proceed during the hydration of the binder. As this one is overall exothermic, the follow-up of the quantity of released heat makes it possible to account for the kinetics of reaction. The devices adapted to concrete being very few, we developed our own isothermal calorimeter accepting 11x22 cm standardized cylindrical samples. After the calibration and the validation of the device, we passed to the second phase of our work which consisted in studying the reaction kinetics and parameters influencing the hydration. We thus studied five compositions of concretes and three compositions of Equivalent Concrete Mortars. The last phase of our work relates to the introduction of calorimetric measurements into maturity measurement studies. Indeed, the economic stakes related to the in situ forecast of young concrete strength are important. The maturity measurement is one of the techniques allowing to estimate this size. It is based on the concepts of "maturity" and "equivalent age", and on the Arrhenius' law which introduces the apparent activation energy parameter. It can be determined by the method of "superposition" from the curves of compressive strength obtained for various temperatures. However, this mode of determination is tiresome. For compositions of concrete and MBE, representative of those concerned with maturity measurement studies, we have compared the calorimetric and mechanical approaches of determination of Ea, and have shown that the calorimetric way can advantageously replace the mechanical way for the determination of this parameter
Doen, Basile Barbara. „Etude par spectrométrie mécanique isotherme de nitrures de silicium et de composites YMgSiAlON/SiC à haute température“. Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2314.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTavernelli, Alice. „Synthesis, characterization and crystallization of bionanocomposites based on PLLA, PCL and nanocellulose“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9317/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelarbi, Abla. „Stabilisation par séchage et qualité de la datte Deglet-Nour“. Massy, ENSIA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EIAA0114.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNguyen, Chi Kien. „Full-scale experimental characterization of a non-isothermal realistic air jet for building ventilation : Local interaction effects, moisture transport and condensation prediction“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI077/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding room air distribution with coupled heat-air-moisture transport is essential to the design of building ventilation systems. In the past decades, although numerous research have been undertaken on air jet studies, there are still some issues that deserve a consideration. In fact, the majority of these studies focused on a symmetric arrangement of supply and exhaust air outlets with respect the room geometry. Besides, studies dealing with room coupled heat-air-moisture transport, which includes the condensation phenomenon on the room inner surface, are generally lacking in the literature. Hence, this work focuses on the following problematic: What is the behavior of a realistic air jet under interaction effects and how to characterize such air jets? In realistic indoor conditions promoting condensation on cold surface, would we be able to quantify the condensate mass flow rate? The two studies are experimentally investigated in the full-scale MINIBAT controlled test cell. The first part consists in characterizing a ceiling turbulent air jet in a realistic indoor airflow configuration. The experimental results show visible interaction effects of the room architectural elements on the air jet behavior: they have deviated the jet trajectory as well as deformed the jet cross-sectional shape. The jet main characteristics such as the spread rate, the velocity and temperature decay are quantified. A graphical-based method is proposed to quantify the jet shape deformation using a so-called deformation indicator. The second part of this work treats the phenomenon of moisture condensation on a glazing surface by reproducing a winter condition within the test cell. The condensation appearance and its growth mechanism are observed using a macro-photography technique. The image post-processing enabled to estimate the condensation rate. Comparisons between experimental and theoretical results show some agreement, which could validate the feasibility of imaging techniques in full-scale condensation studies.Detailed experimental data accompanied by well-known boundary conditions from this work could serve as a benchmark test for CFD models validation, in particular for asymmetric airflow configurations, with the presence of the condensation phenomenon
Forgeoux, Didier. „Application des structures bainitiques par transformation isotherme et d'un traitement de surface adapté aux vis à haute résistance“. Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0302/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the objective to prevent brittle fracture due to hydrogen (internal or external origins), the usages of mechanicalfastening parts is restricted above 1000 MPa. As already experienced on low-thickness flat products (clips), thebainitic microstructure generated by salt bath quenching is not subjected to hydrogen embrittlement. The target ofthe present study consists in setting up the required knowledge to extend this process to massive parts.In addition to its resistance to hydrogen, only the lower-bainite microstructure is able to meet the mechanicalpropertyspecifications for fasteners. The optimization tool developed in the present framework, has been designedto integrate the particularities of the austenite to lower bainite transformation in salt bath, as well as the ability tosustain cold forming after annealing treatment.A set of mechanical characterizations has been performed on hydrogen saturated bolts. Under a load of 1370 MPa,the bainitic structure has not shown any sign brittle fracture, while it has systematically been the case for thetempered martensitic structure. Furthermore, among the ternary alloys Al-Zr-Zn that can be deposed in vapor phase,a sacrificial grade presenting a protection effect has been identified. However, this effect must be furtherinvestigated, in order to determine the interest for fastening applications