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1
Hayes, Rick, Philip Wallage und Peter Eimers. Principles of International Auditing and Assurance. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720069.
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The first textbook based upon International Standards on Auditing (ISAs), this fully revised and updated fourth edition presents a structured approach to auditing principles using ISAs as its basis. The International Standards on Auditing are now widely regarded as the global benchmark for auditing standards and as such an important audit quality indicator. This book describes the developments and practical use of all ISAs, as well as significant national standards in different countries. The new edition has been updated in line with International Standards and presents a truly International perspective. The book provides students with a real-world perspective as close to current auditing practice and thinking as possible. Key features: Structure of the book following the four phases of the audit process Coverage of the latest auditing insights including technology and automated tools & techniques (data analytics) Updates of the most recent auditing & assurance standards, including ISA 315 and 540 Highlighting the broader range of assurance engagements Practice exam-style questions with end-of-chapter answers And take a look at the book website here, for more information and extra materials for both tutors and students.
2
Wright, Aidan G. C. Factor Analytic Support for the Five Factor Model. Herausgegeben von Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.20.
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The Five Factor Model (FFM) has risen to prominence over the past 50 years, and currently represents the most widely used structural model of personality attributes. By definition, the FFM is built upon a foundation of factor-analytic techniques. This chapter is divided into three parts. In the first, a methodological primer is provided for those who may be less familiar with factor analytic techniques. Second, the FFM and factor analysis are understood through a historical review, along with updated exemplars of contemporary techniques and applications to personality. Finally, several new directions in factor analytic research of the FFM are reviewed, including its application to psychiatric disorders.
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Parpworth, Neil. 13. The nature of judicial review. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198810704.003.0013.
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Judicial review is a procedure whereby the courts determine the lawfulness of the exercise of executive power. It is concerned with the legality of the decision-making process as opposed to the merits of the actual decision. Thus it is supervisory rather than appellate. This chapter discusses the supervisory jurisdiction of the courts, procedural reform, the rule in O’Reilly v Mackman, the public law/private law distinction, collateral challenge, and exclusion of judicial review. The procedure for making a claim for judicial review under the Civil Procedural Rules (CPR) 54 is considered.
4
Wang, Cynthia, und Michelle Y. Braunfeld. Acute Liver Failure. Herausgegeben von Matthew D. McEvoy und Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0035.
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Acute liver failure produces widespread physiologic derangements including encephalopathy, coagulopathy, peripheral vasodilation, a systemic inflammatory response, and multiorgan failure. Morbidity is significant, and mortality is 50%. The classification of liver failure and the various etiologies, including viral hepatitis, drug-induced, toxins, and autoimmunity are reviewed here. The multisystem effects of acute liver failure influence all aspects of perioperative care and adequate supportive care during this time is crucial to providing the best possible outcome for the patient. Specific treatment objectives and recommendations are discussed, and the anesthetic management with regard to drug choices, hemodynamic goals, and intraoperative monitoring is reviewed.
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Richards, Jack C. Jack C Richards' 50 Tips for Teacher Development. Herausgegeben von Scott Thornbury. Cambridge University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009024594.
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This book offers 50 practical ideas for teachers to use for professional development. The tips cover a wide range of activities that can be carried out individually or in collaboration with others, including self and peer observation, journal writing, on-line forums, classroom research, action research, team teaching, lesson review, materials review, lesson study, mentoring, peer coaching, reading groups, and workshops. Each tip is described in a 2 two-page format that gives the rational for the activity and step-by-step procedures for implementing it. The Tips can be used with both novice and more experienced teachers and are intended to provide a basis for teachers to review the current state of their professional learning and to develop and implement goals for their professional development.
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Paech, Michael J., und Patchareya Nivatpumin. Postdural puncture headache. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0027.
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Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) may follow either deliberate or unintentional (accidental) penetration of the interdigitating meninges, the dura and arachnoid mater. It is one of the most common and clinically important complications of regional anaesthesia and analgesia in the obstetric population. The headache develops as a consequence of cerebrospinal fluid loss, low intracranial pressure and cerebrovascular changes in the upright position and can prove debilitating. The diagnosis is clinical, making thorough assessment and regular review all the more important, to revise treatment plans, exclude rare serious pathology such as subdural haematoma, and avoid misdiagnosis. This chapter reviews the pathophysiology, incidence, risk factors (needle, technical and patient related), features, natural history, diagnosis, and management of PDPH. High level evidence supports prevention by using small gauge, non-cutting spinal needles, but other preventative strategies against either unintentional dural puncture or PDPH are poorly supported. The absent or poor efficacy of measures such as bed rest, hydration, cerebral vasoconstrictor therapy, epidural or intrathecal saline injection, intrathecal catheter placement or prophylactic epidural blood patch, is noted. Validation of better evidence supporting epidural morphine or intravenous cosyntropin is required. Symptomatic treatment of PDPH is also unreliable. Very limited evidence that requires substantiation supports a modest benefit from caffeine, gabapentinoids or intravenous hydrocortisone. The intervention of epidural blood patch is highly likely to relieve post-spinal PDPH, but only completely resolves epidural needle-induced PDPH in 30–50% of cases. Much detail about EBP remains undetermined, but delayed intervention and injection of approximately 20 mL of autologous blood appear appropriate.
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Chandler, Daniel, und Rod Munday. A Dictionary of Media and Communication. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780198841838.001.0001.
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Over 3,600 entries ‘…not only a dictionary of communication and media but also a liberal education that enables users to see interesting relationships between many of the concepts it discusses.’ Professor Arthur Asa Berger, San Francisco State University This authoritative and up-to-date A–Z offers points of connection between communication and media and covers all aspects of interpersonal, mass, and networked communication, including digital and mobile media, advertising, journalism, social media, and nonverbal communication. In this new edition, over 2,000 entries have been revised and more than 500 have been newly added to include current terminology and concepts such as artificial intelligence, cisgender, fake news, hive mind, use theory, and wikiality. It bridges the gap between theory and practice and contains many technical terms that are relevant to the communication industry, including dialogue editing, news aggregator and primary colour correction. Additional material includes a biographical notes appendix, and entries are complemented by approved web links which guide further reading. This is an indispensable guide for undergraduate students of media and communication studies and also for those taking related subjects such as television studies, video production, communication design, visual communication, marketing communications, semiotics, and cultural studies.
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Miller, David, Claire Harkins, Matthias Schlögl und Brendan Montague. The addiction thought collective: How think tanks foster addiction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753261.003.0005.
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The rise of think tanks is a key development in the evolution of policy networks. The sheer scale and reach of think tanks is underappreciated: for example, the European Policy Institutes Network has a membership of at least 500 think tanks. In Europe, the conversation about the relationship between think tanks, new policy elites, and the politics of expertise is still at an early stage. Think tanks, however, are widely held to play a fundamental role in the politics of expertise in Brussels. In this chapter we first examine how think tanks appear in our network data and then review the activities and role of five central think tanks in the Brussels arena. Our data show that, empirically speaking, think tanks are an important and underappreciated element of the architecture of corporate policy action in relation to tobacco, alcohol, food, and gambling products.
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Downing, Laura J., und Larry M. Hyman. Information Structure in Bantu. Herausgegeben von Caroline Féry und Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.010.
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For some 40 years, the role that information structure (IS) plays in the grammatical structure of the ca. 500 Bantu languages has been the topic of considerable research. In this chapter we review the role of prosody, morphology and syntax in expressing IS in Bantu languages. We show that prosodic prominence does not play an important role; rather syntax and morphology are more important. For example, syntactic constructions like clefts and and immediately after the verb position correlate with focus, while dislocations correlate with topic. Among the morphological properties relevant to IS are the “inherently focused” TAM features (progressive, imperative, negative etc.) and the “conjoint-disjoint” distinction on verbs, as well as well as the presence vs. absence of the Bantu augment on nominals. Finally, we consider a range of tonal effects which at least indirectly correlate with IS (tonal domains, metatony, tone cases).
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Schmoeckel, Mathias, Hrsg. Das Bonner Juristische Forum. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748928218.
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The book brings together texts that provide an overview of the activities of the "Bonn Juristisches Forum" (Bonn Legal Forum) and its involvement in the legal policy debates of the last 50 years. Thus, the history of the association is reviewed, which provides a special insight into the legal developments of the "Bonner Republik", its topics and its actors. In addition, there are essays that also deal with more recent legal policy debates connected to Bonn. With contributions by Helena Falke, Heinz-Josef Friehe, Wolfgang Heyde, Gerd Landsberg, Konstantin Musolf, Mathias Schmoeckel, Christian Schubert, Alexander Wehde and Stefan Weismann.
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Chafer, Tony, und Alexander Keese, Hrsg. Francophone Africa at fifty. Manchester University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719089305.001.0001.
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2010 marked the 50th anniversary of the ‘Year of Africa’. All France’s colonies in sub-Saharan Africa gained their independence in that year. This book brings together leading scholars from across the globe to review ‘Francophone Africa at Fifty’. It examines continuities from the colonial to the post-colonial period and analyses the diverse and multi-faceted legacy of French colonial rule in sub-Saharan Africa. It also reviews the decolonization of French West Africa in comparative perspective and observes how independence is remembered and commemorated fifty years on.
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Grigg, Gordon, und David Kirshner. Biology and Evolution of Crocodylians. CSIRO Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486300679.
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Biology and Evolution of Crocodylians is a comprehensive review of current knowledge about the world's largest and most famous living reptiles.
Gordon Grigg's authoritative and accessible text and David Kirshner's stunning interpretive artwork and colour photographs combine expertly in this contemporary celebration of crocodiles, alligators, caimans and gharials. This book showcases the skills and capabilities that allow crocodylians to live how and where they do. It covers the biology and ecology of the extant species, conservation issues, crocodylian–human interaction and the evolutionary history of the group, and includes a vast amount of new information; 25 per cent of 1100 cited publications have appeared since 2007.
Richly illustrated with more than 500 colour photographs and black and white illustrations, this book will be a benchmark reference work for crocodylian biologists, herpetologists and vertebrate biologists for years to come.
Winner of the 2015 Whitley Medal.
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den Hout, Theo van. The Hittite Empire from Textual Evidence. Herausgegeben von Gregory McMahon und Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0041.
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The Hittite written legacy is unique in the ancient Near East in that it allows us to sketch the development of a major power over the course of its almost 500 years of history from a state of basic illiteracy through incipient literacy to a booming administrative apparatus which has earned it the reputation of a true bureaucracy. It was a state with two scripts: the cuneiform used for its inner administrative workings in the widest sense of the word, with the Hittite language as its official medium, and the Anatolian hieroglyphs for the state's face to the outside. This article presents a review of the Hittite texts, describing the contradictory information that is sometimes provided by multiple texts on the same subjects. It also draws out the nuanced understanding that scholars may gain regarding, for instance, royal intentions and goals, the pomp and circumstance of ritual, or the intricacy of ancient law through their close readings of the some 30,000 extant Hittite texts.
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Gupta, Anita, Michael E. Hochman und Elena N. Gutman, Hrsg. 50 Studies Every Anesthesiologist Should Know. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237691.001.0001.
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50 Studies Every Anesthesiologist Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of anesthesiology. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover topics ranging from pain medicine, critical care, and cardiothoracic anesthesiology to general anesthesiology. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study and its implications for practice. Brief information on other relevant studies is provided, and an illustrative clinical case concludes the review. This book is a must-read for health care professionals in anesthesiology and pain medicine and for anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice in anesthesiology, pain medicine, critical care, and its broad subspecialties.
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Rivers, Julian. Comparative Constitutional Law and Religion. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781788978873.
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The study of comparative constitutional law and religion lies at the intersection of two relatively recent, but rapidly growing, scholarly fields: comparative constitutional law, and law and religion studies. The intersection between the two is natural and substantial, revealing the relationship between a state’s laws and religions and the tension between universalism and particularism generated by both modern constitutions and world religions. The potential complexity of internal and external relations within and between constitutions and religions is clear, and the powerful loyalties they evoke make their resolution particularly intractable. This original research review surveys 50 of the most significant scholarly works on the subject, offering valuable insight for everyone interested in the relationship between constitutional law and religion.
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Sutton, Emma, und Tsung-Han Tsai, Hrsg. Twenty-First-Century Readings of E.M. Forster's 'Maurice'. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621808.001.0001.
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This is the first book-length study of Forster’s posthumously published novel. Nine essays focus exclusively on Maurice and its dynamic afterlives in literature, film and new media during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Begun in 1913 and revised over almost 50 years, Maurice became a defining text in Forster’s work and a canonical example of queer fiction. Yet the critical tendency to read Maurice primarily as a ‘revelation’ of Forster’s homosexuality has obscured important biographical, political and aesthetic contexts for this novel. This collection places Maurice among early twentieth-century debates about politics, philosophy, religion, gender, Aestheticism and allegory. Essays explore how the novel interacts with literary predecessors and contemporaries including John Bunyan, Oscar Wilde, Havelock Ellis and Edward Carpenter, and how it was shaped by personal relationships such as Forster’s friendship with Florence Barger. They close-read the textual variants of Forster’s manuscripts and examine the novel’s genesis and revisions. They consider the volatility of its reception, analysing how it galvanizes subsequent generations of writers and artists including Christopher Isherwood, Alan Hollinghurst, Damon Galgut, James Ivory, and twenty-first-century online fanfiction writers. What emerges from the volume is the complexity of the novel, as a text and as a cultural phenomenon.
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Sadorsky, Perry. Shifts in Energy Consumption Driven by Urbanization. Herausgegeben von Debra J. Davidson und Matthias Gross. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190633851.013.17.
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The year 2007 marked an important milestone as, for the first time in history, the world’s urban population passed 50%. An increase in urbanization brings new opportunities and new challenges with respect to business, society, and the economy as increases in urbanization are associated with greater economic activity. One particular area of interest is how urbanization affects energy consumption. This chapter surveys recent theoretical and empirical contributions on the relationship between urbanization and energy consumption. The chapter first sets out the conceptual framework and some empirical observations on the relationship between energy consumption and urbanization. This is followed by sections that provide a more detailed review of the empirical evidence linking energy consumption with urbanization. The chapter concludes with some limitations from existing empirical studies, suggestions for future research, and policy implications.
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Bittner, Edward A., Hrsg. 50 Studies Every Intensivist Should Know. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190467654.001.0001.
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There has been an explosion of clinical trials in critical care medicine since the inception of the specialty more than 50 years ago. This explosion has made it challenging as a trainee in critical care medicine to gain expertise in evidence based medicine. Determining how best to care for patients and understanding the basis for our practice is a never-ending process for all clinicians and it is particularly daunting for trainees. Even for the practicing intensivist, feeling confident in one’s knowledge base of foundational studies in the ever-growing field of critical care practice is no easy task.50 Studies Every Intensivist Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of critical care medicine. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover topics including: sedation and analgesia, resuscitation, shock, ARDS, nutrition, renal failure, trauma, infection, diabetes, and physical therapy. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study, and its implications for practice. An illustrative clinical case concludes each review, followed by brief information on other relevant studies. Selection of studies that emphasize topics that come up frequently on ICU rounds was a priority. This book is a must-read for health care professionals and anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice.
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Thaut, Michael H., und Donald A. Hodges, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Music and the Brain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198804123.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Music and the Brain is a compendium of current research on music in the human brain. An international roster of 54 authors from 13 countries have written over 350,000 words that are organized into 33 chapters. Major themes include Music, the Brain, and Cultural Contexts; Music Processing in The Human Brain; Neural Responses to Music; Musicianship and Brain Function; Developmental Issues in Music and the Brain; Music, the Brain, and Health; and the Future. Each chapter offers a thorough review of the current status of research literature as well as an examination of limitations of knowledge and suggestions for future advancement and research efforts. The book is directed towards a broad readership including neuroscientists, musicians, clinicians, researchers and scholars from related fields but also readers with a general interest in the topic.
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Wray, Shirley H. Eye Movement Disorders in Clinical Practice. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199921805.001.0001.
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This resource offers comprehensive instruction on the diagnosis and treatment of all varieties of eye movement disorders, and reflects the importance of correlating clinical signs of disorders in the oculomotor system with their neuroanatomic and neurophysiologic architecture. With its focus on signs and symptoms, it advances lesion localization of eye movement disorders as the central clinical concern, and presents a fresh review of bedside examination techniques in the ER, ICU, and walk-in clinic; productive ways of taking a clinical history; sign interpretation; source lesion localization; and, where appropriate, therapy. This resource is arranged according to objective signs - like ptosis, neuromuscular syndromes, dizziness, vertigo, and syndromes of the medulla - rather than disease entities, and features over 50 clinical cases, each one providing the anatomical guidance needed to make critical diagnostic and management decisions in patients who often present with abnormal eye movements.
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Ménard, Caroline, Madeline L. Pfau, Georgia E. Hodes und Scott J. Russo. Immune Mechanisms of Depression. Herausgegeben von Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar und Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0028.
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Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) are diagnosed largely based upon behavioral symptoms rather than biological factors. Some have argued that a lack of rigorous biomarker-based diagnosis is the reason why 30%–50% of MDD patients are unresponsive to traditional antidepressant medications. Over the past few decades, MDD has been shown to be highly prevalent in patients suffering from chronic inflammatory conditions, such as lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, etc. Moreover, subgroups of MDD patients have shown consistently higher levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Together, these clinical findings suggest that alterations within the immune system might contribute to the behavioral symptoms of MDD. In this chapter, we review the growing literature in both humans with MDD and in rodent stress models of depression that support a role for the immune system in depression.
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Bristow, Jennie, Sarah Cant und Anwesa Chatterjee. Generational Encounters with Higher Education. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529209778.001.0001.
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The 21st century has witnessed significant changes to the structures and policies framing Higher Education. But how do these changes in norms, values, and purpose shape the generation now coming of age? Employing a generational analysis, this book offers an original approach to the study of education. Drawing on a British Academy-funded study, comprising a policy review, semi-structured interviews and focus groups with students and with academics of different generations, and an analysis of responses to the Mass Observation Study, the book explores the qualitative dimensions of the relationship between academics and students, and examines wider issues of culture and socialisation, from tuition fees and student mental health, to social mobility and employment. The book begins with a discussion of the emergence of a ‘graduate generation’, in a context where 50 per cent of young people are encouraged to go to University, on the basis that this is a personal investment in their future careers. Subsequent chapters review the policy changes that have led to this framing of Higher Education as an increasingly individualised experience, where ‘student choice’ is operationalised as the means by which Universities are funded and held to account; historical differences in the experience of Higher Education; and the impact of these changes on the role and status of academic staff and the experience of current and prospective students.
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Keltner, John R., Cherine Akkari und Ronald J. Ellis. Neurological Complications of HIV in The Peripheral Nervous System. Herausgegeben von Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding und Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0027.
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HIV sensory neuropathy affects approximately 50% of persons diagnosed with HIV and, in 40%, results in disabling symptoms including paresthesia and/or pain. This chapter focuses on providing guidance to psychiatrists in the clinical management of pain in persons with HIV and sensory neuropathy. The differential diagnostic evaluation of HIV sensory neuropathy, other peripheral neuropathies, and spinal cord mimics and management of HIV sensory neuropathy are reviewed, as well as management of HIV distal neuropathic pain. The differential diagnostic evaluation of peripheral neuropathies is simplified using a graphical decision tree. The chapter also reviews the pathophysiology of HIV sensory neuropathy and warning signs of advanced disease. Procedures to diagnose HIV sensory neuropathy, including nerve conduction studies and electromyography, quantitative sensory testing, skin biopsy, and the autonomic sweat test are discussed, as are clinical aspects of HIV distal neuropathic pain. The chapter addresses the impact of HIV distal neuropathic pain on quality of life and depression and concludes with a discussion of treatments for HIV distal neuropathic pain.
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Bhalla, Ish P., Rajesh R. Tampi und Vinod H. Srihari, Hrsg. 50 Studies Every Psychiatrist Should Know. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190625085.001.0001.
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50 Studies Every Psychiatrist Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the clinical practice of psychiatry. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover a broad range of topics including anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, women's mental health, child and adolescent disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, personality disorders, psychiatry in primary care, cognitive disorders, and epidemiological studies with an emphasis on clinical trials. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study and its implications for practice. An illustrative clinical case concludes each review, followed by brief information on other relevant studies. This is one of the only books of its kind to present a collection of the most influential studies in psychiatry that are detailed enough to be used on rounds, but still easily digestible. It is a must-read for health-care professionals and anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice.
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Halliday, RB, DE Walter, H. Proctor, RA Norton und M. Colloff, Hrsg. Acarology. CSIRO Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643069800.
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Acarology: Proceedings of the 10th International Congress is a timely overview of the current international research mites and ticks. The outcome of a conference of leading acarologists, it presents major reviews of all current areas of research including:
advances in acarine biodiversity and systematics
human and livestock diseases transmitted by ticks and other parasitic mites
interactions between mites and their food plants
mites as biological control agents
use of genetic markers in mite population studies
mites as bioindicators
ecology and biology of soil mites
mite evolutionary ecology and reproduction
advances in acarine diversity and systematics
The 90 papers in the book represent some of the best research from leading international researchers from over 50 countries, and helps to establish priorities for future research. All papers have been peer reviewed and edited.
Acarology is a comprehensive and important addition to the world literature on mites, and is an essential addition to all acarological and entomological reference collections.
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Paulsen, Jacob A., Moin Syed, Kali Trzesniewski und M. Brent Donnellan. Generational Perspectives on Emerging Adulthood. Herausgegeben von Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.11.
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Sociologists, psychologists, and others in the social sciences generally agree that the nature of adulthood is different now from what it was 50 years ago. There is much less agreement, however, on what these changes mean for the psychological experience of emerging adults. There has been extensive discussion and debate in the academic literature and popular press about whether there have been generational changes in how young people view themselves and their place in society. This chapter explores the debate over the self-focused nature of emerging adulthood from a generational perspective, focusing on the construct of narcissism. The authors review past and current conceptualizations and measurements of narcissism, summarize the ongoing debate about the nature of young people today, discuss narcissism from a lifespan developmental perspective, and offer suggestions for future research. Throughout, the authors emphasize the historical context of narcissism and societal beliefs about young people more broadly and stress that a generational perspective must be considered alongside a developmental perspective (i.e., individual ontogenetic change) to provide a more nuanced understanding of emerging adulthood.
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Farquhar-Smith, Paul, Pierre Beaulieu und Sian Jaggar, Hrsg. Landmark Papers in Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.001.0001.
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Landmark Papers in Pain offers a comprehensive inventory of over 80 key studies in pain medicine from the last 100 years. Pain medicine, a relatively new specialty, has proven increasingly relevant to medical practitioners in every field. The specialism of pain has emerged over the past 50 years, largely due to the persistence of experts and new medical evidence that points to its necessity. Today, it is a distinct and integral part of global medical practice. Each paper in this book is accompanied by a concise commentary on the significance of the original findings written by an expert in pain. The reviews discuss how the papers influenced the development of the speciality and how the findings have advanced our global comprehension of pain. Together, the selected papers and reviews chart the growth of an embryonic field into the modern speciality of pain medicine. Complied by leading specialists in the field, the papers included in this book are significant for any student, researcher, clinical practitioner, or medical historian interested in pain medicine. Organized into eight distinct topics and cross-referenced by topics and author of original paper, the book is comprehensive in its coverage and easy to use. A review of the contemporary and historical research that shaped the speciality of pain, Landmark Papers in Pain is essential reading for all medical practitioners with an interest in pain medicine and pain research.
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Williams, Erin S., Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel und Titilopemi Aina, Hrsg. Clinical Pediatric Anesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.001.0001.
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Clinical Pediatric Anesthesia: A Case-Based Handbook presents the reader with a very wide variety of clinical scenarios regarding the perioperative management of pediatric patients. It is divided into 15 sections and covers the field of pediatric anesthesiology with a point-of-care approach. This textbook has over 50 contributors who are pediatric anesthesiologists at tertiary children’s hospitals, thus giving the reader multiple approaches to the anesthetic care of the pediatric patient. The clinician can use the discussion section as an opportunity to review various options as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different aspects of the perioperative management of the pediatric patient. Given the many benefits of self-directed and simulation-based learning, the reader is presented with an “Introduction” to the subject, followed by “Learning Objectives” to master after reading the section. By placing the reader in a variety of clinical scenarios, the clinician can think through the management of such vignettes with the “Discussion” section that is written in a “question and answer” format. Each chapter ends with the highest yield, and most salient information presented in the “Summary”. “Annotated References,” “Bibliography,” and “Further Reading” allow the reader to explore the literature pertaining to the topic. Overall, the variety of cases presented along with the expertise of the contributors renders valuable real-life clinical situations that promote critical thinking and evaluation necessary for all pediatric anesthesiology consultants.
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Giacovazzo, Carmelo. Phasing in Crystallography. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199686995.001.0001.
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Modern crystallographic methods originate from the synergy of two main research streams, the small-molecule and the macro-molecular streams. The first stream was able to definitively solve the phase problem for molecules up to 200 atoms in the asymmetric unit. The achievements obtained by the macromolecular stream are also impressive. A huge number of protein structures have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank. The solution of them is no longer reserved to an elite group of scientists, but may be attained in a large number of laboratories around the world, even by young scientists. New probabilistic approaches have been tailored to deal with larger structures, errors in the experimental data, and modest data resolution. Traditional phasing techniques like ab initio, molecular replacement, isomorphous replacement, and anomalous dispersion techniques have been revisited. The new approaches have been implemented in robust phasing programs, which have been organized in automatic pipelines usable even by non-experts. Protein structures, which 50 years ago could take months or even years to solve, can now be solved in a matter of hours, partly also due to technological advances in computer science. This book describes all modern crystallographic phasing methods, and introduces a new rational classification of them. A didactic approach is used, with the techniques described simply and logically in the main text, and further mathematical details confined to the Appendices for motivated readers. Numerous figures and applicative details illustrate the text.
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Cheeseman, Nic, Karuti Kanyinga und Gabrielle Lynch, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Kenyan Politics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198815693.001.0001.
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Kenya is one of the most politically dynamic and influential countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Today, it is known in equal measure as a country that has experienced great highs and tragic lows. In the 1960s and 1970s, Kenya was seen as a success story of development in the periphery, and also led the way in terms of democratic breakthroughs in 2010, when a new Constitution devolved power and placed new constraints on the president. However, the country has also made international headlines for the kind of political instability that occurs when electoral violence is expressed along ethnic lines, such as during the “Kenya crisis” of 2007/2008, when over 1,000 people lost their lives and almost 700,000 were displaced. This Handbook explains these developments and many more, drawing together 50 specially commissioned chapters by leading researchers. The chapters address a range of essential topics, including the legacy of colonial rule, ethnicity, land politics, devolution, the Constitution, elections, democracy, foreign aid, the informal economy, civil society, human rights, the International Criminal Court, the rise of China, economic policy, electoral violence, and the impact of mobile-phone technology. In addition to covering some of the most important debates about Kenyan politics, the volume provides a comprehensive overview of Kenyan history from 1930 to the present day, and features a set of chapters that review the impact of devolution on regional politics in every part of the country.
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Cavanagh, Patrick, Lorella Battelli und Alex Holcombe. Dynamic Attention. Herausgegeben von Anna C. (Kia) Nobre und Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.016.
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The authors review how attention helps track and process dynamic events, selecting and integrating information across time and space to produce a continuing identity for a moving, changing target. Rather than a fixed ‘spotlight’ that helps identify a static target, attention needs a mobile window or ‘pointer’ to track a moving target, picking up pieces of evidence along the way to determine not just what the target is, but what it is doing. Behavioural studies show that this dynamic version of attention is model-based, using familiar trajectories to help identify a target and to guide encoding of continuing input from its path. Attention has very coarse temporal resolution for both static and moving targets. However, when the focus of selection is on the move, a given location on a moving target’s path can be selected for extremely brief instants, as little as 50 ms, compared to the typical ‘dwell time’ or minimum duration of attention selection at a fixed location, of 200 ms or more. To determine the path of a moving object, attention must accurately process and sort the onsets and offsets in order to match an offset to the subsequent onset. This aspect of dynamic attention has been called the ‘when’ pathway and patient studies show that it is a qualitatively different system from spatial attention, being completely based in the right parietal lobe for events in both hemifields. Finally, like the salience map of spatial attention, temporal attention may have its own map that guides allocation to upcoming, current, and recent moments to select information at the appropriate time, changing the experience of time as it does so.
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Wheat, L. Joseph, und Lynn Guptill. Histoplasmosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0076.
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Histoplasma was initially described from a lesion in a horse by Rivolta in 1873, who named the organism Cryptococcus farciminosum. In 1905, Samuel Darling noted the presence of intracellular organisms in many tissues, including the lungs, of a patient suspected of succumbing to miliary tuberculosis (Darling 1906). Darling named the organism Histoplasma capsulatum , because it appeared to be an encapsulated protozoan-like organism. In 1912, mycologist Henrique da Rocha-Lima reviewed Darling’s slides and noted the cytological similarities between Darling’s Histoplasma organism and Cryptococcus farciminosum. Cryptococcus farciminosum was reclassified as Histoplasma farciminosum in 1934, and in 1985 it was again reclassified as a variant of Histoplasma capsulatum (var. farciminosum ) (Weeks et al. 1985).William De Monbreun cultured the organism from the blood of a child suffering from an unexplained febrile disease in 1934, and demonstrated it to be a dimorphic fungus (De Monbreun 1934). De Monbreun and others reported naturally occurring histoplasmosis in a dog in 1939, and subsequently demonstrated experimentally that clinically inapparent histoplasmosis occurred in dogs (De Monbreun 1939). De Monbreun and others speculated that animals might serve as the source of histoplasmosis in human beings. However, C.W. Emmons demonstrated in 1949 that Histoplasma capsulatum is a soil saprophyte, and that inhalation of aerosolized microconidia and mycelial fragments served as the source of infection (Emmons 1949).The prevalence of histoplasmosis in endemic regions was estimated to be more than 50% based on positive skin tests for histoplasmin (Edwards et al. 1969). Active histoplasmosis has been identifi ed in up to 50% of dogs in endemic regions based on culture at necropsy of healthy animals (Turner et al. 1972a). The case prevalence of disseminated histoplasmosis at a veterinary teaching hospital in an endemic region of the mid-western USA of 43 cases in cats and 12 cases in dogs per 100,000 hospital records per year has been estimated (Clinkenbeard et al. 1988; Kaplan 1973). Dogs and cats with outdoor exposure are reportedly at greater risk for histoplasmosis than those with minimal time outdoors. However, some completely indoor cats become ill with histoplasmosis (Davies and Troy 1996; Johnson et al. 2004). Young to middle-aged dogs of hunting and sporting breeds have historically been reported at greatest risk for acquiring histoplasmosis (Selby et al. 1981). Risk factors for cats have not been systematically studied.Infection by Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is not contagious except in unusual situations. Rare cases of horizontal transmission have been reported. Horizontal transmission is associated with conjugal contraction of individuals with cutaneous lesions of the genitalia (Sills et al. 1973) and by solid organ transplantation of infected organs (Limaye et al. 2000). No documented cases of transmission from animals to human beings or vice versa have been reported. In contrast to Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, equine infection by Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum is contagious and is transmitted by bites of contaminated flies or ticks as well as through skin traumatized with contaminated tack (Kohn 2006).
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Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine. The National School of Judges of Ukraine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2020-5.
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The special edition of the national professional scientific and practical legal magazine “The Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine” was published, which contains reports delivered at the online conference "Ensuring the unity of judicial practise: the legal positions of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court and standards of the Council of Europe", held on the occasion of the third anniversary of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court. time of thematic sessions and webinars for judges of each of the courts of cassation in the Supreme Court, as well as joint sessions for judges of different jurisdictions at the end of 2020. The National School of Judges of Ukraine held these events together with the Supreme Court and in synergy with the Council of Europe projects "Support to Judicial Reform in Ukraine", "Further Support for Ukraine's Implementation in the Context of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights", USAID New Justice Program, OSCE Project Coordinator in Ukraine. These are projects that support various aspects of judicial reform in Ukraine, compliance with Council of Europe standards and recommendations, offering best practices from member states to help make priorities in the national reform process. The conference and training events were attended by more than 550 participants - judges of the Supreme Court, other courts, leading Ukrainian and foreign experts, representatives of the legal community. Trainers and all structural subdivisions of the National School of Judges of Ukraine were involved, the training activities of which were identified by the CCEJ in one of its conclusions as one of the important tools to ensure the unity of judicial practice. Programs of activities included reports on the role of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court in ensuring the unity of judicial practice and the impact on the legal system; unity of judicial practice in the context of standards - improving access to justice in Ukraine: removing procedural obstacles and ensuring the right to an impartial court, approaches to identifying cases of minor complexity and cases of significant public interest or exceptional importance for a party in the context of access to court of cassation: practice the supreme courts of the member states of the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights; key positions of the Supreme Court - application of the provisions of the procedural codes on the grounds for transferring the case to the Chamber, the joint chamber or the Supreme Court, the impact of its decisions on legislative activity, ensuring the specialization of courts and judges, the practice of the Supreme Court of the Supreme Court on administrative cases, the practice of considering cases of disciplinary liability of judges, conclusions on the rules of criminal law, review of court decisions in criminal proceedings in exceptional circumstances; the impact of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the case law of national courts and the justification of court decisions and the "balance of rights" in civil cases in its practice, the development of the doctrine of human rights protection; ECtHR standards on evidence and the burden of proof, the conclusions of the CCEJ and their reflection in judicial practice; judicial rule-making in the activities of European courts of cassation, etc. The issues raised are analyzed in the Ukrainian and international contexts from report to report, which, we hope, will be appreciated by every lawyer - both practitioners and theorists. As well as the fact that the depth of disclosure of each of the topics through the practice of application serves the development of law and contributes to the formation of the unity of judicial practice of the Supreme Court, the creation of case law is a contribution to rulemaking and lawmaking. The conversion of intellectual discourse into the practice of Ukrainian courts is an important step towards strengthening public confidence in the judiciary. And here the unifying force of the Supreme Court can be especially important, as the Chairman of the Supreme Court Valentyna Danishevska rightly remarked, speaking about the expectations of the society.