Thematische Bibliographien / Irradiance fields

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Irradiance fields“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Irradiance fields"

Brand, Matt, und Daniel A. Birch. „Freeform irradiance tailoring for light fields“. Optics Express 27, Nr. 12 (01.05.2019): A611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.00a611.

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Harvey, Karen L. „Irradiance Models Based on Solar Magnetic Fields“. International Astronomical Union Colloquium 143 (1994): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100024714.

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A method to separate the active region and quiet network components of the magnetic fields in the photosphere is described and compared with the corresponding measurements of the He I λ 10830 absorption. The relation between the total He I absorption and total magnetic flux in active regions is roughly linear and differs between cycles 21 and 22. There appears to no relation between these two quantities in areas outside of active regions. The total He I absorption in the quiet Sun (comprised of network, filaments, and coronal holes) exceeds that in active regions at all times during the cycle. As a whole, active regions of cycle 22 appear to be less complex than the active regions of cycle 21, hinting at one possible cause for a differing relation between spectral-irradiance variations and the underlying magnetic flux for these two cycles.

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Lawrence, J. K., G. A. Chapman und S. R. Walton. „Weak magnetic fields and solar irradiance variations“. Astrophysical Journal 375 (Juli 1991): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/170241.

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Moore, Nicole J., Miguel A. Alonso und Colin J. R. Sheppard. „Monochromatic scalar fields with maximum focal irradiance“. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 24, Nr. 7 (13.06.2007): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.24.002057.

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Fox, Peter A., und Sabatino Sofia. „Convection and Irradiance Variations“. International Astronomical Union Colloquium 143 (1994): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100024787.

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In the outer layers of the Sun (≈ 30% by radius), energy is transported by convection. The nature of the highly stratified and compressible convective flow is determined from the components of the energy flux (internal, kinetic, viscous, magnetic and radiative). Local suppressions or enhancements of any of these components may give rise to measurable changes in the emergent radiation.On the solar surface there is direct evidence for modulation of the emerging heat flux covering a large range in spatial and temporal scales, particularly associated with concentrated magnetic fields (e.g. sunspots, plages). Associated with these surface features is the observation that the characteristics of convective motions are also modified. In the deeper layers, the interaction of convection and magnetic fields will play an important role in readjusting the local emerging heat flux and thus should contribute to the modulation of the total solar irradiance.The task of calculating the response of the convection zone structure to developing active regions, and the solar activity cycle in general is difficult and complex due to the highly non-linear nature of the interaction of convection and magnetic fields. Theoretical work has ranged from empirical and global structure models, all the way to fine scale compressible convection simulations. This paper will highlight some recent theoretical advances that may have a direct bearing on the understanding of solar luminosity and irradiance variations and outline the important problems that must be addressed and what observational constraints may be used.

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Quéno, Louis, Fatima Karbou, Vincent Vionnet und Ingrid Dombrowski-Etchevers. „Satellite-derived products of solar and longwave irradiances used for snowpack modelling in mountainous terrain“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, Nr. 4 (28.04.2020): 2083–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2083-2020.

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Abstract. In mountainous terrain, the snowpack is strongly affected by incoming shortwave and longwave radiation. In this study, a thorough evaluation of the solar and longwave downwelling irradiance products (DSSF and DSLF) derived from the Meteosat Second Generation satellite was undertaken in the French Alps and the Pyrenees. The satellite-derived products were compared with forecast fields from the meteorological model AROME and with analysis fields from the SAFRAN system. A new satellite-derived product (DSLFnew) was developed by combining satellite observations and AROME forecasts. An evaluation against in situ measurements showed lower errors for DSSF than AROME and SAFRAN in terms of solar irradiances. For longwave irradiances, we were not able to select the best product due to contrasted results falling in the range of uncertainty of the sensors. Spatial comparisons of the different datasets over the Alpine and Pyrenean domains highlighted a better representation of the spatial variability of solar fluxes by DSSF and AROME than SAFRAN. We also showed that the altitudinal gradient of longwave irradiance is too strong for DSLFnew and too weak for SAFRAN. These datasets were then used as radiative forcing together with AROME near-surface forecasts to drive distributed snowpack simulations by the model Crocus in the French Alps and the Pyrenees. An evaluation against in situ snow depth measurements showed higher biases when using satellite-derived products, despite their quality. This effect is attributed to some error compensations in the atmospheric forcing and the snowpack model. However, satellite-derived irradiance products are judged beneficial for snowpack modelling in mountains, when the error compensations are solved.

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Preisendorfer, Rudolph W., und Curtis D. Mobley. „Theory of fluorescent irradiance fields in natural waters“. Journal of Geophysical Research 93, Nr. D9 (1988): 10831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jd093id09p10831.

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Li, Linhai, Dariusz Stramski und Mirosław Darecki. „Characterization of the Light Field and Apparent Optical Properties in the Ocean Euphotic Layer Based on Hyperspectral Measurements of Irradiance Quartet“. Applied Sciences 8, Nr. 12 (19.12.2018): 2677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122677.

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Although the light fields and apparent optical properties (AOPs) within the ocean euphotic layer have been studied for many decades through extensive measurements and theoretical modeling, there is virtually a lack of simultaneous high spectral resolution measurements of plane and scalar downwelling and upwelling irradiances (the so-called irradiance quartet). We describe a unique dataset of hyperspectral irradiance quartet, which was acquired under a broad range of environmental conditions within the water column from the near-surface depths to about 80 m in the Gulf of California. This dataset enabled the characterization of a comprehensive suite of AOPs for realistic non-uniform vertical distributions of seawater inherent optical properties (IOPs) and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl) in the common presence of inelastic radiative processes within the water column, in particular Raman scattering by water molecules and chlorophyll-a fluorescence. In the blue and green spectral regions, the vertical patterns of AOPs are driven primarily by IOPs of seawater with weak or no discernible effects of inelastic processes. In the red, the light field and AOPs are strongly affected or totally dominated by inelastic processes of Raman scattering by water molecules, and additionally by chlorophyll-a fluorescence within the fluorescence emission band. The strongest effects occur in the chlorophyll-a fluorescence band within the chlorophyll-a maximum layer, where the average cosines of the light field approach the values of uniform light field, irradiance reflectance is exceptionally high approaching 1, and the diffuse attenuation coefficients for various irradiances are exceptionally low, including the negative values for the attenuation of upwelling plane and scalar irradiances. We established the empirical relationships describing the vertical patterns of some AOPs in the red spectral region as well as the relationships between some AOPs which can be useful in common experimental situations when only the downwelling plane irradiance measurements are available. We also demonstrated the applicability of irradiance quartet data in conjunction with Gershun’s equation for estimating the absorption coefficient of seawater in the blue-green spectral region, in which the effects of inelastic processes are weak or negligible.

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Spruit, Henk C. „Theoretical Interpretation of Solar and Stellar Irradiance Variations“. International Astronomical Union Colloquium 143 (1994): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100024775.

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The main cause of variability of solar type stars are their varying magnetic fields. To compute irradiance variations one has to compute the magnetic field (the dynamo problem), and from this the irradiance effects. The second problem is considered here. The theoretical work of the past decade has shown that the dominant effect of magnetic fields is a surface effect: a change of effective emissivity of the magnetic parts of the surface while the nonmagnetic part of the surface contributes very little to the irradiance variation on almost all time scales. No other processes have yet been found that would cause variations exceeding (at the current level of magnetic activity) the observed 0.1% irradiance fluctuation of the Sun. This implies that a knowledge of the surface magnetic fields [separated into its bright small scale (faculae, network) and dark large scale (spots) components] is sufficient for pre- or postdicting the solar irradiance. It is hypothesized that the discrepancy remaining between the measured irradiance variations and values reconstructed from proxies is due to the difficulty of finding a proxy that accurately correlates with the continuum contrast of a dispersed small scale magnetic field. Stellar structure theory predicts that the variations in the solar radius associated with magnetic activity are quite small. For stars, color and brightness variations should primarily be interpreted in terms of variations in the fraction of the surface covered by magnetic patches. Their (long term) displacement from the main sequence is not very large.

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Nesme-Ribes, Elizabeth, Dmitry Sokoloff und Robert Sadourny. „Solar Rotation, Irradiance Changes and Climate“. International Astronomical Union Colloquium 143 (1994): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110002474x.

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Magnetic activity cycles for solar-type stars are believed to originate from non-uniform internal rotation. To determine this depthwise angular velocity distribution, helioseismology is a valuable source of information. Surface rotation, as traced by sunspot motion, is a well-observed parameter with data going back to the beginning of the telescopic era. This long sunspot series can be used in understanding the behaviour of the Sun’s surface rotation, the connection with its internal rotation, and thereby its magnetic activity. Apparent solar diameter is another important parameter. This is related to the structure of the convective envelope and how it reacts to the presence of magnetic fields. Both these parameters are related to the solar output, and can provide a surrogate for total solar irradiance, by way of a theoretical modeling of the response of the convective zone to the emergence of periodic magnetic fields. The impact of solar variability on the terrestrial climate is also addressed.

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Mehr Quellen

Dissertationen zum Thema "Irradiance fields"

Karas, Matej. „Globální osvětlení v reálném čase“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445513.

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This thesis deals with photorealistic rendering and real-time global illumination. Thesis contains overview of algorithms used for real-time global illumination of which the Dynamic Diffuse Global Illumination with Ray-Traced Irradiance Fields was implemented. This algorithm uses hardware accelerated ray tracing to compute global illumination in a scene. Hardware ray tracing requires use of new generation of graphics API from which Vulkan was choosen for this thesis.

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Bücher zum Thema "Irradiance fields"

Preisendorfer, Rudolph W. Theory of fluorescent irradiance fields in lakes and seas. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 1987.

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Chance, Kelly, und Randall V. Martin. Basic Solar and Planetary Properties. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199662104.003.0001.

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Basic properties of the Sun, the Earth and its atmosphere, other solar system atmospheres, and extrasolar planetary atmospheres are introduced here to provide background and context for the detailed study of the spectroscopy and radiative transfer of planetary atmospheres. Solar structure is described, including the solar cycle and variability, and a reference solar irradiance is presented. The Earth’s orbit, the seasons, and the ecliptic plane are introduced. The properties of hydrostatic equilibrium, albedo, and spectral reflectance are described. Earth’s atmospheric composition, including aerosols and gases, is summarized. Other atmospheres in the solar system are described and the growing field of extrasolar planets detection and characterization introduced.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Irradiance fields"

Bobova, V. P., und N. N. Stepanian. „Variations of the Magnetic Fields of the Sun and the Earth In 7–50 Day Periods“. In The Sun as a Variable Star: Solar and Stellar Irradiance Variations, 291–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0950-5_43.

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Dai, Qiujie, Arlene Q. Chavez, Shaobing Peng und Benito S. Vergara. „Ultraviolet-B Irradiance Measurements under Field Conditions“. In Stratospheric Ozone Depletion/UV-B Radiation in the Biosphere, 77–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78884-0_11.

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Xu, Jin, Shinjae Yoo, Dantong Yu, Hao Huang, Dong Huang, John Heiser und Paul Kalb. „A Stochastic Framework for Solar Irradiance Forecasting Using Condition Random Field“. In Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 511–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18038-0_40.

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Guhathakurta, M., und R. R. Fisher. „Latitudinal Variability of Large-Scale Coronal Temperature and its Association with the Density and the Global Magnetic Field“. In The Sun as a Variable Star: Solar and Stellar Irradiance Variations, 181–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0950-5_28.

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Osório, M. L., J. Osório, J. S. Pereira und M. M. Chaves. „Responses of Photosynthesis to Water Stress under Field Conditions in Grapevines are Dependent on Irradiance and Temperature“. In Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, 3633–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_856.

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Ivanov, E. V., V. N. Obridko und I. V. Ananyev. „Variations of Solar Irradiance, 10.7 cm Radio Flux, He I 10830 Å Equivalent Width, and Global Magnetic Field Intensity and their Relation to Large-Scale Solar Magnetic Field Structure“. In Solar Electromagnetic Radiation Study for Solar Cycle 22, 217–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5000-2_18.

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Yellowhair, Julius E. „Solar Spectral Irradiance“. In Field Guide to Solar Optics. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.2567289.ch16.

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Andrews, Larry C. „Mean Irradiance and Beam Spreading“. In Field Guide to Atmospheric Optics, Second Edition. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.2318080.ch31.

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Andrews, Larry C. „Mean Irradiance and Beam Spot Size“. In Field Guide to Atmospheric Optics, Second Edition. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.2318080.ch127.

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Andrews, Larry C. „Irradiance Probability Density Function (PDF) Models“. In Field Guide to Atmospheric Optics, Second Edition. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.2318080.ch81.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Irradiance fields"

Moore, Nicole J., Miguel A. Alonso und Colin J. R. Sheppard. „Fields with Maximum Focal Irradiance“. In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2007.fwc6.

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Saruya, Y. „Influence of ship shadow on underwater irradiance fields“. In Ocean Optics XIII. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266397.

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Kern, E. C., und M. C. Russell. „Spatial and temporal irradiance variations over large array fields“. In Conference Record of the Twentieth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.1988.105864.

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Rabinovici, Raul, und Tidhar Dagan. „Assessment of solar irradiance in Large-Scale Photovoltaic fields by means of video processing“. In 2012 IEEE 27th Convention of Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel (IEEEI 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeei.2012.6377032.

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Fritsen, Chris H., Rodolfo H. Iturriaga und Cornelius W. Sullivan. „Influence of particulate matter on spectral irradiance fields and energy transfer in the Eastern Arctic Ocean“. In San Diego '92, herausgegeben von Gary D. Gilbert. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.140679.

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Khalsa, Siri Sahib S., und Clifford K. Ho. „Development of a “Solar Patch” Calculator to Evaluate Heliostat-Field Irradiance as a Boundary Condition in CFD Models“. In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90052.

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A rigorous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to calculating temperature distributions, radiative and convective losses, and flow fields in a cavity receiver irradiated by a heliostat field is typically limited to the receiver domain alone for computational reasons. A CFD simulation cannot realistically yield a precise solution that includes the details within the vast domain of an entire heliostat field in addition to the detailed processes and features within a cavity receiver. Instead, the incoming field irradiance can be represented as a boundary condition on the receiver domain. This paper describes a program, the Solar Patch Calculator, written in Microsoft Excel VBA to characterize multiple beams emanating from a “solar patch” located at the aperture of a cavity receiver, in order to represent the incoming irradiance from any field of heliostats as a boundary condition on the receiver domain. This program accounts for cosine losses; receiver location; heliostat reflectivity, areas and locations; field location; time of day and day of year. This paper also describes the implementation of the boundary conditions calculated by this program into a Discrete Ordinates radiation model using Ansys® FLUENT (www.fluent.com), and compares the results to experimental data and to results generated by the code DELSOL.

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Wirz, Men, Matthew Roesle und Aldo Steinfeld. „Design Point for Predicting Year-Round Performance of Solar Parabolic Trough Concentrator Systems“. In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18055.

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Thermal efficiencies of the solar field of two different parabolic trough concentrator (PTC) systems are evaluated for a variety of operating conditions and geographical locations, using a detailed 3D heat transfer model. Results calculated at specific design points are compared to yearly average efficiencies determined using measured direct normal solar irradiance (DNI) data as well as an empirical correlation for DNI. It is shown that the most common choices of operating conditions at which solar field performance is evaluated, such as the equinox or the summer solstice, are inadequate for predicting the yearly average efficiency of the solar field. For a specific system and location, the different design point efficiencies vary significantly and differ by as much as 11.5% from the actual yearly average values. An alternative simple method is presented of determining a representative operating condition for solar fields through weighted averages of the incident solar radiation. For all tested PTC systems and locations, the efficiency of the solar field at the representative operating condition lies within 0.3% of the yearly average efficiency. Thus, with this procedure, it is possible to accurately predict year-round performance of PTC systems using a single design point, while saving computational effort. The importance of the design point is illustrated by an optimization study of the absorber tube diameter, where different choices of operating conditions result in different predicted optimum absorber diameters.

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Buonomo, Bernardo, Furio Cascetta, Alessandra Diana, Oronzio Manca und Sergio Nardini. „Numerical Investigation on Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Analysis of a Solar Chimney in a Building Façade“. In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3612.

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Abstract Solar chimney is a system to produce energy and it has several applications, such as production of electricity, buildings ventilation, heating and cooling. In this paper, a numerical investigation on a prototypal solar chimney system integrated in a south facade of a building is presented. The chimney is 4.0 m high, 1.5 m wide whereas the thickness at the inlet the channel has a gap equal to 0.34 m and at the outlet it is 0.20 m. The chimney consists of a converging channel with one vertical wall and one inclined of 2°. The analysis is carried out on a three-dimensional model in airflow and the governing equations are given in terms of k-ε turbulence model. The problem is solved by means of the commercial code Ansys-Fluent. Simulations are carried out considering the solar irradiance for assigned geographical location and for a daily distribution. Further, comparison between steady state and transient regimes is examined and discussed. Results are given in terms of wall temperature distributions, air velocity and temperature fields and transversal profiles. Performances are better when heat flux is higher and sun is in front of chimney and a low-emissivity glass improves solar chimney achievements. Analysis in transient regimes confirm results obtained in steady state regime.

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Feng, Li, Frank U. Hamelmann, Jingwei Zhang, Kun Ding, Matthias Diehl, Thomas Pfeil, Steffen Brandt, Werner Friedrich und Nowshad Amin. „A Novel Method to Evaluate Irradiance in PV Field without Irradiance Sensors“. In 2020 IEEE 47th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc45281.2020.9300796.

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Ferreira, Antonio F. G. „Blue irradiance intercomparison in the medical field“. In SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, herausgegeben von Michael T. Postek, Victoria A. Coleman und Ndubuisi G. Orji. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.928553.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Irradiance fields"

Fan, Jianhua, Zhiyong Tian, Simon Furbo, Weiqiang Kong und Daniel Tschopp. Simulation and design of collector array units within large systems. IEA SHC Task 55, Oktober 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2019-0004.

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Solar radiation data is necessary for the design of solar heating systems and used to estimate the thermal performance of solar heating plants. Compared to global irradiance, the direct beam component shows much more variability in space and time. The global radiation split into beam and diffuse radiation on collector plane is important for the evaluation of the performance of different collector types and collector field designs.

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