Thematische Bibliographien / Ionic salts

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
  6. Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Ionic salts“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Ionic salts"

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Lui, Matthew Y., Lorna Crowhurst, Jason P. Hallett, Patricia A. Hunt, Heiko Niedermeyer und Tom Welton. „Salts dissolved in salts: ionic liquid mixtures“. Chemical Science 2, Nr. 8 (2011): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sc00227a.

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Abai, Mahpuzah, John D. Holbrey, Robin D. Rogers und Geetha Srinivasan. „Ionic liquid S-alkylthiouronium salts“. New Journal of Chemistry 34, Nr. 9 (2010): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0nj00098a.

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Szuromi, Phil. „Stable perovskites with ionic salts“. Science 369, Nr. 6499 (02.07.2020): 45.5–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.369.6499.45-e.

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Curnow, Owen J., Douglas R. MacFarlane und Kelvin J. Walst. „Triaminocyclopropenium salts as ionic liquids“. Chemical Communications 47, Nr. 37 (2011): 10248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cc13979g.

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Gordon, Charles M., John D. Holbrey, Alan R. Kennedy und Kenneth R. Seddon. „Ionic liquid crystals: hexafluorophosphate salts“. Journal of Materials Chemistry 8, Nr. 12 (1998): 2627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a806169f.

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Tominaga, Takumi, Takahiro Ueda und Tomoyuki Mochida. „Effect of substituents and anions on the phase behavior of Ru(ii) sandwich complexes: exploring the boundaries between ionic liquids and ionic plastic crystals“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, Nr. 6 (2017): 4352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp08308k.

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Tsunashima, Katsuhiko, Shun Hasegawa, Yoshiharu Okuno und Hirohisa Yamada. „Physicochemical Characterization of Sulfonate-Based Phosphonium Ionic Liquids“. ECS Transactions 109, Nr. 14 (30.09.2022): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10914.0023ecst.

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A new series of phosphonium-based room-temperature ionic liquids containing various sulfonate-based anions was prepared and physicochemically characterized. Although the tetra-n-butylphosphonium salts having alkanesulfonate anions showed relatively high melting points forming the crystalline solids, the phosphonium salts together with amino- and hydroxy-substituted alkanesulfonate anions were viscous liquids at room temperature. Such phosphonium ionic liquids exhibited the relatively high density, the high viscosity and the low conductivity when compared to the conventional phosphonium-based ionic liquids. The phosphonium salts showed higher thermal stability than the corresponding ammonium salts.
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TOLLAN, CHRISTOPHER M., JOSE A. POMPOSO und DAVID MECERREYES. „SYNTHESIS OF FULLEROPYRROLIDINE PYRIDINIUM SALTS BY FACILE ANION EXCHANGE AND THEIR SOLUBILITY“. Nano 04, Nr. 05 (Oktober 2009): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292009001745.

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Several ionic fullerene salts have been prepared based on a fulleropyrrolidine pyridinium cation and four different anions. The initial ionic fullerene can be easily prepared by quaternization of a pyridine-appended fulleropyrrolidine derivative in high yield. Anion exchange is a simple procedure giving several different salts of varying polarity. In addition to their characterization, the quantitative solubility of these salts has been studied in seven different solvents, including an imidazolium ionic liquid.
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Lee, W. R., Y. Kim, J. Y. Kim, T. H. Kim, K. D. Ahn und E. Kim. „Electro-fluorescence Switching of Bis-imidazolium onic Liquids“. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, Nr. 9 (01.09.2008): 4630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.ic50.

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Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) containing bis-imidazolium salts were explored to control their optical properties of them in an organic device. The neat bis-imidazolium salts showed ionic conductivity of 3.5 × 10−4 S/cm at room-temperature and the electrochemical window was exhibited within ±2.5 V in a two electrode cell. The bis-imidazolium salts were transparent yellow and showed fluorescence upon excitation with light in the range of 360 to 500 nm. A two electrode organic ionic liquid cell was fabricated using a mixture of PEO200BIm-TFSI and electroactive molecules to control the emission property of the ionic liquid by electrochemical methods. The first example of the ionic liquid containing electro-fluorescence switch was explored with an electroactive benzyl viologen (BzV) blend of bis-imidazolium ionic liquid.
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Kreusser, Jannette, Fabian Jirasek und Hans Hasse. „Influence of Salts on the Adsorption of Lysozyme on a Mixed-Mode Resin“. Adsorption Science & Technology 2021 (23.01.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6681348.

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Mixed-mode chromatography (MMC), which combines features of ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), is an interesting method for protein separation and purification. The design of MMC processes is challenging as adsorption equilibria are influenced by many parameters, including ionic strength and the presence of different salts in solution. Systematic studies on the influence of those parameters in MMC are rare. Therefore, in the present work, the influence of four salts, namely, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium sulfate, on the adsorption of lysozyme on the mixed-mode resin Toyopearl MX-Trp-650M at pH 7.0 and 25°C was studied systematically in equilibrium adsorption experiments for ionic strengths between 0 mM and 3000 mM. For all salts, a noticeable adsorption strength was observed over the entire range of studied ionic strengths. An exponential decay of the loading of the resin with increasing ionic strength was found until approx. 1000 mM. For higher ionic strengths, the loading was found to be practically independent of the ionic strength. At constant ionic strength, the highest lysozyme loadings were observed for ammonium sulfate, the lowest for sodium chloride. A mathematical model was developed that correctly describes the influence of the ionic strength as well as the influence of the studied salts. The model is the first that enables the prediction of adsorption isotherms of proteins on mixed-mode resins in a wide range of technically interesting conditions, accounting for the influence of the ionic strength and four salts of practical relevance.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Ionic salts"

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Rageb, Shakir Mahmud. „Ionic transport in lithium salts and composites“. Thesis, University of Kent, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278268.

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Zhao, Shujing. „Core-Shell Nanofiber Assemblies Containing Ionic Salts“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1366808400.

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Lui, Matthew Yuk Yu. „Special solvation behaviour of salts in ionic liquid“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9250.

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In a previous study1 from the Welton Group, the reactivity resulting from mixing two different and reactive salts together was observed to be highly dependent on the type of solvent, with molecular and ionic liquids exhibiting fundamentally different reaction pathways. Ionic liquids were shown to be extremely dissociating solvents and the salts behaved as discrete reactive species. Conversely, in molecular solvents neutral ion pairs or clusters were formed. In this thesis, further evidence of the charge screening behaviour of ionic liquids will be presented. The investigation was carried out by using Kosower's charge-transfer complex, 1-ethyl-4-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridinium iodide,2 which is only spectroscopically active when its ions are in direct contact, hence allowing charge transfer to occur. The behaviour of this salt is therefore a good indicator of the number of pyridinium iodide contact ion pairs in solution and can be used as a probe for the amount of ion-pairing in both ionic and molecular liquids. In the second part of the investigation, the SN2 reaction of two reactive salts (1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide and dimethyl-4-nitrophenylsulfonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) in ionic liquid/molecular liquid mixtures was studied. The aim was to examine whether complete charge screening behaviour could be achieved in ionic liquid/molecular liquid mixtures of different compositions. This research also provided some insights of general behaviour of salts in ionic liquid/molecular solvent mixtures.
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Tomaszowska, Alina Agnieszka. „Synthesis and characterisation of ionic liquids and related salts“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527915.

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Banik, Ishani. „Physico-Chemical studies on interaction of biologically active solutes and ionic salts in some industrially important solvent media“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2014. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/1491.

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Byrne, Peter Joseph. „Structural studies of ionic liquids and ionothermally-prepared materials“. Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/780.

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Bansiwal, Mukesh. „Investigation of drug ionic liquid salts for topical delivery systems“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17161.

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Pharmaceutical companies and FDA (Federal Drug Administration) rules rely heavily on crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients delivered as tablets and powders in the form of neutral compounds, salts and solvates of neutral compounds and salts. About half of all drugs sold in the market are in the form of salts which are held together by ionic bonds along with some other forces. Recently, Ionic liquids (ILs) an interesting class of chemical compounds have offered potential opportunity for exploration as novel drug ionic liquid salts, particularly in the field of transdermal/topical drug delivery. Due to the multifunctional nature of these salts they could allow generation of new pathway to manipulate the transport and deposition behaviour of the drug molecule. It is this modular approach of IL that forms the basis of the research presented here, in which pharmaceutically acceptable compounds are combined with selected drugs with known problems. IL salts were generated by combining at least one drug molecule with FDA approved compounds and were assessed for physicochemical properties, skin deposition and permeation studies. Skin deposition data suggested that these systems exhibit high skin retention, which was found to correlate with the molecular weight. On the other hand, permeation data displayed an inverse relationship between flux values and molecular weight of the permeant. Similar work was extended with ILs with mixed anions containing two drugs. The benzalkonium-sulfacetamide ILs were investigated for synergism and the biological studies data display no synergistic effect. It was also illustrated that in-situ IL based ibuprofen hydrogels systems could be manipulated via IL approach for topical application. These findings suggest the potential applicability of IL based formulations for topical delivery of drugs.
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Kuah, Yongcheun. „Ionic liquids and salts for contaminant removal in the petroleum industry“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602354.

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This thesis, separated into Parts A and B, is a combination of work on two projects with overlapping themes. Both projects aimed to design an ionic liquid, or a salt system, to remove deleterious contaminants in the petroleum industry in a green and sustainable manner. In Part A, systematic studies have been conducted to design various salt systems that extract mercury via oxidative complexation, from natural gas and liquid hydrocarbon streams. These compounds were characterised using a wide range of analytical techniques. In the mercury extraction from the gas phase, a remarkable discovery of a custom-designed ionic liquid has led to the successful development of a commercial mercury scrubber (containing 15 tonnes of catalyst) at a PETRONAS Gas Processing Plant in Malaysia. In addition, cheaper binary inorganic systems have also been investigated. These were initially prepared as benchmarks to the ionic liquid systems, but have proved to be effective in their own right. This has (led to the development of a second generation of mercury scrubber, currently. under pilot scale evaluation. For mercury extraction from liquid hydrocarbons, again, two of the systems examined, namely the ionic liquids and binary inorganic salt systems, showed significant activity, and these systems are also currently under pilot scale evaluation. [n Part B, the aim was to develop a novel approach to remove C02 from natural gas streams using ionic liquids. Various ionic liquids were synthesised and characterised using various analytical techniques. Remarkably, these novel systems were found to absorb up to 1.5 mol CO2 per mol of ionic liquid, exceeding the best literature value of equimolar capacity, making them very attractive for further pilot scale testing.
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Dean, Pamela Mary. „Structural analysis of low melting organic salts an approach to ionic liquid design“. Monash University. Faculty of Science. School of Chemistry, 2009. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/75056.

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Ionic liquid forming compounds often display low melting points (a lack of crystallisation at ambient temperature and pressure) due to decreased lattice energies in the crystalline state. The degree of anion-cation contact with respect to the type, strength and number of interactions is a major factor determining the lattice energies, melting point and general behaviour of ionic liquid forming salts. Intermolecular interactions between the anion and cation and the conformational states of each component of the salt are of interest since distinctive properties ascribed to ionic liquids are determined to a significant extent by these interactions. The direct insight into the spatial relationship between cation and anion provided by the analysis of crystal structures provides a basis from which features of the ionic liquid can be generally understood, since the short range order and interactions of related, non-crystalline compounds may be similar to those of the crystalline form. However, it is difficult to predict whether a particular ionic pair will produce a liquid at room temperature, due to numerous possible combinations of cations and anions and the subtleties of their interactions. Crystal engineering is the ability to assemble molecular or ionic components into the desired crystalline architecture by engineering a target network of supramolecular interactions known as synthons. In this investigation the problem of ionic liquid design is addressed using the concepts of crystal engineering in an inverse sense, the so-called anti crystal-engineering approach. A topical area in which the anti crystal-engineering concept may be of some value is that of Ionic Liquid Phases of Pharmaceutically Active Ions (Active Ionic Liquids). Thus, by using the knowledge gained of the intermolecular interactions, packing and ionic conformation which occur within ‘traditional’ ionic liquids, combined with the knowledge of which functional group combinations yield supramolecular synthons resulting in crystalline subjects, and the subsequent prevention thereof (anti crystal-engineering), appropriate ions shall be selected which may result in ionic liquid formation. The intermolecular interactions of a series of: • crystallised bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (NTf2) and bis(methanesulfonyl)amide (NMes2) ionic liquids, • low melting N-alkyl-2-methyl-3-benzylimidazolium iodide salts with a range of alkyl chain lengths, from n=1 to 6 and including both n-butyl and s-butyl chains, • 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium chloride and, • a number of low melting salts containing trihalide and monohalide ions, in combination with typical IL organic cations namely, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium and 1-propyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, were qualitatively investigated and/or compared using a combination of crystallographic, Hirshfeld surface and thermal analysis techniques. The NMes2 salts are known to exhibit higher glass transitions and higher viscosities than those of the NTf2 salts. The origins of these differences were analysed in terms of the importance of factors such as the C-H•••O hydrogen bond, fluorination, presence of an aromatic moiety and length of alkyl chain, using the Hirshfeld surfaces and their associated fingerprint plots. Additionally, the existence of C-F•••π and C-H•••π interactions were elucidated and the significance of anion-anion interactions was recognised. Thermal analysis of the N-alkyl-2-methyl-3-benzylimidazolium iodide salts revealed that the methyl- and (s-)butyl substituted salts have a significantly higher melting point than the rest of the series. Analysis of these crystal structures allowed examination of the influence of the substitutions on the different cation-anion and cation-cation interactions and thus the physical properties of the salts. Thermal analysis of the monohalide and trihalide salts revealed that the tribromide salts are lower melting than their monohalide analogues. Analysis of these crystal structures revealed the influence of the anions and the crystal packing on the physical properties of the salts. A series of crystalline and liquid salts were prepared from cations and anions drawn from Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) materials. The solid-state structures of the crystalline salts were used as a basis for the anti-crystal engineering approach in the preparation of several “Active Ionic Liquids” (AILs). However, a side product also resulted during the synthetic route namely, methyl 9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate, a side product resulting from the API, propantheline. The results and methodology of the anti-crystal engineering procedure and the subsequent successful preparation and characterization of pharmaceutical ionic compounds are reported herein.
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Tasseven, Cetin. „Contributions to the theory of a class of ionic liquids“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338101.

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Bücher zum Thema "Ionic salts"

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Gaune-Escard, Marcelle, und Kenneth R. Seddon, Hrsg. Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470947777.

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Marcelle, Gaune-Escard, und Seddon Kenneth R. 1950-, Hrsg. Molten salts and ionic liquids: Never the Twain? Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, Hrsg. Ionic Liquids. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Mun, Jihoon. Handbook of ionic liquids: Properties, applications, and hazards. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Plechkova, Natalia V. Ionic liquids completely uncoiled: Critical expert overviews. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2015.

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O, Andriyko Yuriy, Nauer Gerhard E und SpringerLink (Online service), Hrsg. Many-electron Electrochemical Processes: Reactions in Molten Salts, Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids and Ionic Solutions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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D, Rogers Robin, Seddon Kenneth R. 1950- und Volkov Sergeĭ, Hrsg. Green industrial applications of ionic liquids. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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D, Rogers Robin, Seddon Kenneth R. 1950- und American Chemical Society Meeting, Hrsg. Ionic liquids: Industrial applications for green chemistry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2002.

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Torrecilla, José S. The role of ionic liquids in the chemical industry. Hauppauge] New York: Nova Biomedical, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2012.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids (2000 Hērakleion, Greece). Green industrial applications of ionic liquids: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids, held in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, from 12th to 16th April 2000. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Ionic salts"

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Marcus, Yizhak. „High-Melting Salts“. In Ionic Liquid Properties, 25–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30313-0_3.

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Marcus, Yizhak. „Low-Melting Ionic Salts“. In Ionic Liquid Properties, 109–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30313-0_5.

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Gerhard, Dirk, Friedrich Fick und Peter Wasserscheid. „Ionic Liquid-Ionic Liquid Biphasic Systems“. In Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids, 143–50. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470947777.ch11.

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Hagiwara, Rika, und Kazuhiko Matsumoto. „Novel Fluoroanion Salts“. In Electrochemical Aspects of Ionic Liquids, 279–91. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118003350.ch19.

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Hagiwara, Rika, und Kazuhiko Matsumoto. „Novel Fluoroanion Salts“. In Electrochemical Aspects of Ionic Liquids, 225–35. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471762512.ch18.

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Angell, C. Austen. „Ionic Liquids in the Temperature Range 150-1500 K: Patterns and Problems“. In Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids, 1–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470947777.ch1.

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Galasiu, I., R. Galasiu, C. Nicolescu, J. Thonstad und G. M. Haarberg. „The Behaviour of Phosphorus and Sulfur in Cryolite-Alumina Melts: Thermodynamic Considerations“. In Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids, 133–41. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470947777.ch10.

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Griffiths, Trevor R., Vladimir A. Volkovich und W. Robert Carper. „Recent Developments in the Reprocessing of Spent Fuel by Catalyst Enhanced Molten Salt Oxidation (CEMSO)“. In Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids, 151–67. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470947777.ch12.

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Ito, Yasuhiko, Tokujiro Nishikiori und Takuya Goto. „Plasma-Induced Molten Salt Electrolysis to Form Functional Fine Particles“. In Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids, 169–80. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470947777.ch13.

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Johnson, Keith E. „Liquid Electrolytes: Their Characterisation, Investigation, and Diverse Applications“. In Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids, 181–92. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470947777.ch14.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Ionic salts"

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Uvarov, N. F., A. A. Politov und B. B. Bokhonov. „AMORPHIZATION OF IONIC SALTS IN NANOCOMPOSITES“. In Proceedings of the 7th Asian Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812791979_0015.

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Kwon, Jisung, Junpyo Hong, Aamir Iqbal, Chong Min Koo und Myung-Ki Kim. „Electromagnetic Shielding of Electrically-Insulating Ionic Solution“. In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleopr.2022.p_ctu8_23.

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Electrically-insulative ionic solutions of KBr, NaCl, and CaCl2 salts are employed as effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Debye-Drude theoretical models is applied for illuminating the EMI shielding mechanism of ionic solution.
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Kinzig, Barbara J., Paul Sutor, Gregory W. Sawyer, Alison Rennie, Pamela Dickrell und Jennifer Gresham. „Novel Ionic Liquid Lubricants for Aerospace and MEMS“. In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63744.

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Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are molten salts with melting points at or below room temperature. RTILs have recently been recognized as novel lubricants. Only a few have previously been evaluated.
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Gan, Yu, und Van P. Carey. „An Exploration of the Effects of Dissolved Ionic Solids on Bubble Merging in Water and Its Impact on the Leidenfrost Transition“. In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23330.

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Theoretical models and MD simulation studies suggest that dissolved salts tend to alter the surface tension at liquid vapor interfaces and affect the stability of the free liquid film between adjacent bubbles. Recent modeling of the Leidenfrost phenomenon also indicates that bubble merging is a key mechanism affecting the Leidenfrost transition conditions. This investigation summarizes the results of an investigation of the effects of dissolved salts on liquid film stability and bubble merging in the aqueous solution. The interaction of pairs of bubbles injected into solution with different dissolved salt concentrations was studied experimentally to determine the probability of merging from statistics for ensembles of bubble pairs. The results of these experiments indicate that very low dissolved salt concentrations can strongly reduce the tendency of adjacent bubbles to merge, implying that the presence of the dissolved salt in such cases strongly enhances the stability of the free liquid film between adjacent bubbles. The trends are compared to predictions of free liquid film stability by wave instability theory and MD simulations. These trends are also compared to experimental data indicating the effects of dissolved salt on the Leidenfrost transition. These comparisons indicate that the suppression of merging due to the effects of some dissolved salts can significantly alter the Leidenfrost transition conditions. The implications of this in quenching of cast aluminum or steel parts using water of variable hardness are also discussed.
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Santos, Miguel, Inês Grilo, Ricardo Ferraz, Diogo Madeira, Bárbara Soares, Núria Inácio, Luís Pinheiro et al. „Tackling bacterial resistance using antibiotics as ionic liquids and organic salts“. In 5th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2019-06414.

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Caja, Josip, T. Don, J. Dunstan, Vladimir Katovic und David M. Ryan. „Room Temperature Molten Salts (Ionic Liquids) as Electrolytes in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries“. In Aerospace Power Systems Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-1403.

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Santos, Miguel, Sónia Teixeira, Maria Fernandes, João Rodrigues und Luís Branco. „Antitumor and osteogenic activity of bisphosphonate-based organic salts and ionic liquids“. In 6th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2020-07924.

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Araújo, Hugo, Mário Diniz, Željko Petrovski, Miguel Santos und Luís Branco. „Ethambutol based organic salts and ionic liquids as effective drug formulations against tuberculosis“. In 7th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2021-11566.

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Sen, Mihir, und Samuel Paolucci. „The Use of Ionic Liquids in Refrigeration“. In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14712.

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Ionic liquids are salts, usually with organic cations and inorganic anions, that are liquid at room temperature. There are a wide variety of ionic liquids that can be synthesized with different properties for different applications. They are generally non-volatile, non-toxic, and non-flammable with high heat capacity, high density, high thermal and chemical stability. We propose its use as an absorbent in an absorption refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant in this case would be a gas such as carbon dioxide. The present work deals with the desirable properties of ionic liquids for this application. For example, the absorbent must have a high solubility, and the heat and mass transfer coefficients of the absorbent-refrigerant solution must be large. The viscosity of the mixture, on the other hand, should not be so large as to make its pumping difficult.
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Harrison, Benjamin, Richard Czerw, Manohar S. Konchady, Devdas M. Pai, Matt W. Lopatka und Paul B. Jones. „Ionic Liquids Incorporating Nanomaterials as Lubricants for Harsh Environments“. In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81680.

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Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at ambient temperatures, and they produce virtually no hazardous vapors. As lubricating liquids, ionic liquid lubricants are of interest for reducing wear in circumstances where conventional lubricants are impractical such as in aerospace applications and high temperature vacuum bearings. The synthetic flexibility of ionic liquids allows control of the liquidous temperature range, good polymer compatibility, and high thermal stability. In this paper, a variety of ionic liquids were synthesized to build a library for testing. The liquids were thermally characterized by DSC and TGA, and mechanically characterized by pin-on-disk and 4-ball testing. Several chiral ionic liquids were synthesized as candidates for MEMS testing. The chiral nature of the liquids should help prevent crystallization in MEMs applications. Additionally, nanomaterials incorporated into the lubricants imparted lower friction coefficients and enhanced thermal stability.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Ionic salts"

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Drake, Greg W., Tommy Hawkins, Kerri Tollison, Leslie Hall und Ashwani Vij. 1-Alkyl-4-Amino-1.2.4-Triazolium Salts, New Families of Ionic Liquids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Dezember 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419654.

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Cramer, Grant R., und Nirit Bernstein. Mechanisms for Control of Leaf Growth during Salinity Stress. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570555.bard.

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In the project "Mechanisms for Control of Leaf Growth during Salinity Stress" ionic and enzymatic changes in the cells and cell walls of the expanding region of salt-stressed maize leaves were evaluated. Conventional numerical techniques for REG estimation were reevaluated; 'Greens' method was recommended and applied throughout the project for growth intensity estimation. Salinity slowed leaf development and reduced leaf size, but increased cell development within the leaf-growing zone. Leaf elongation rate was most affected by salinity from the region of maximal growth to the distal end; the basal region was largely unaffected. Creep assays indicated that the physical properties of the cell wall were not altered. Furthermore, pH or protein concentrations in the apoplastic space were not altered. Salinity decreased in half the concentrations of putative oligosaccharides in both the apoplast and the Golgi vesicles, suggesting that salinity reduced oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Salinity significantly increased solute concentrations in the vacuoles, but the ion concentrations tested remain unchanged in the vacuole. Most importantly, salinity increased the ion concentrations in the apoplast, particularly Cl-concentrations. The evidence obtained clearly points to the biochemical and ionic components of the apoplast as otential factors controlling leaf elongation of salt-stressed plants.
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Swanson, Juliet. Effects of Salt Concentration, Ionic Strength, and Water Activity on the Growth of a WIPP Archaeal Isolate, Halobacterium sp. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1900474.

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Bradford, Joe, Itzhak Shainberg und Lloyd Norton. Effect of Soil Properties and Water Quality on Concentrated Flow Erosion (Rills, Ephermal Gullies and Pipes). United States Department of Agriculture, November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613040.bard.

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Concentrated flow erosion in rills, pipes, ephermal gullies, and gullies is a major contributor of downstream sedimentation. When rill or gullies form in a landscape, a 3- to 5-fold increase in soil loss commonly occurs. The balance between the erosive power of the flow and the erosion resistance of the bed material determines the rate of concentrated flow erosion. The resistance of the bed material to detachment depends primarily on the magnitude of the interparticle forces or cohesion holding the particles and aggregates together. The effect of soil properties on bed material resistance and concentrated flow erosion was evaluated both in the laboratory and field. Both rill erodibility and critical hydraulic shear were greater when measured in 9.0 m long rills under field conditions compared with laboratory mini-flumes. A greater hydraulic shear was required to initiate erosion in the field compared to the mini-flume because of the greater aggregate and clod size and stability. Once erosion was initiated, however, the rate of erosion as a function of hydraulic shear was greater under field conditions because of the greater potential for slaking upon wetting and the greater soil surface area exposed to hydraulic shear. Erosion tests under controlled laboratory conditions with the mini-flume allowed individual soil variables to be studied. Attempts to relate rill erosion to a group soil properties had limited success. When individual soil properties were isolated and studied separately or grouped separately, some trends were identified. For example, the effect of organic carbon on rill erodibility was high in kaolinitic soils, low in smectitic soils, and intermediate in the soils dominated by illite. Slow prewetting and aging increased the cohesion forces between soil particles and decreased rill erodibility. Quick prewetting increased aggregate slaking and increased erodibility. The magnitude of the effect of aging depended upon soil type. The effect of clay mineralogy was evaluated on sand/clay mixtures with montmorillonite (M), Illite (I), and kaolinite (K) clays. Montmorillonite/sand mixtures were much less erodible than either illite or kaolonite sand mixtures. Na-I and Na-K sand mixtures were more erodible than Ca-I and Ca-K due to increased strength from ionic bonding and suppression of repulsive charges by Ca. Na-M was less erodiblethan Ca-M due to increased surface resulting from the accessibility of internal surfaces due to Na saturation. Erodibility decreased when salt concentration was high enough to cause flocculation. This occurred between 0.001 mole L-1 and 0.01 mole L-1. Measuring rill erodibility in mini-flumes enables the measurement of cohesive forces between particles and enhances our ability to learn more about cohesive forces resisting soil detachment under concentrated water flow.
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