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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Ionic Liquid interaction“

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Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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1

Jorda-Faus, Pepe, Enrique Herrero und Rosa Arán-Ais. „Study of M(hkl)| Ionic Liquid Interfaces in Well-Defined Surroundings“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, Nr. 55 (07.07.2022): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01552325mtgabs.

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Ionic liquids have very interesting properties for their use in electrochemistry: they have a wide potential window of stability, high electrical conductivity and can replace water in processes in which water is not an appropriate solvent. Because of that, the number of studies has increased exponentially in recent years. When used in electrocatalytic applications, the structure of the interphase alters the electrocatalytic response of the electrode. For this reason, the characterization of the interphase, and especially the nature of the interaction of the ionic liquid with the metal surface becomes an essential element in the study of these reactions. In most cases, the interaction between the ions and the metal surface is specific, that is, a chemical interaction between the ionic liquid and the surface is established. Then, the interaction will depend on the nature of the ionic liquid and the electronic properties of the surface. This implies that this interaction is structure-sensitive. Practical surfaces are composed of several types of sites, which have different geometries and different interactions with the ionic liquid so that the observed responses are difficult to analyze. The best way to simplify the problem is the use of single crystal electrodes, which have a well-defined surface atomic structure, which allows establishing correlations between surface structure and observed behavior. One of the main disadvantages of using ionic liquids in electrochemistry is their high viscosity, which hinders the diffusion of the electroactive species towards the electrode surface and thus, lowering the reaction rates. This has triggered the study of low viscosity ionic liquids, which are usually those based on the imidazole cation ([Im+]) and/or the bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl imide anion ([NTf2-]). It should be noted that the ionic liquid-electrode interphase is more complex than one in an aqueous medium. Ionic liquids have a higher electrostatic charge and interaction between the ions, which complicates the application of simple double-layer models. It is also important to highlight that, being organic compounds, they are prone to have impurities related to their synthesis processes, which can affect their physicochemical properties. In electrochemical systems in which ionic liquids are used, these liquids play the role of both solvent and electrolyte, which complicates the study of interactions, since the concentration of the ions is very high. To simplify the problem and to have a system with which to compare, ionic liquids can be dissolved in water. In this case, the concentration of the ions is reduced, facilitating their study. In addition, models are available to study and analyze their behavior. Thus, it is possible to analyze the effect of the concentration of the ionic liquid on its behavior and to extrapolate it to concentrations in which water is absent. In addition, due to the high hygroscopicity of ionic liquids, it is very difficult to completely eliminate water in practical applications. Furthermore, the presence of ionic liquids in aqueous solutions has been shown to catalyze some electrochemical reactions where small amounts of these have been shown to significantly increase the reaction rate. Thus, the aim of this work is to characterize the electrochemical behavior in water of the different ions that form the ionic liquids based in [Im]+ cation and ([NTf2]-) anion separately on platinum single crystal electrodes. To determine the role of each ion, different salts composed with at least one of the ions of interest ([Im]+ or ([NTf2]-)) will be used. The interactions of the ions and the electrode will be characterized using electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical techniques.
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2

Jesus, Ana R., Luís R. Raposo, Mário R. C. Soromenho, Daniela A. S. Agostinho, José M. S. S. Esperança, Pedro V. Baptista, Alexandra R. Fernandes und Patrícia M. Reis. „New Non-Toxic N-alkyl Cholinium-Based Ionic Liquids as Excipients to Improve the Solubility of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs“. Symmetry 13, Nr. 11 (31.10.2021): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112053.

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In this work, we prepared new biocompatible N-alkyl cholinium-based ionic liquids to be used as cosolvents to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, namely, sodium diclofenac and paracetamol. In this set of ionic liquids, we intend to understand the effect of increasing the asymmetry of the ionic liquid cation/anion by growing the length of one of the alkyl chains attached to the nitrogen center/sulfonate center on the dissolution capacity of the ionic liquid. The addition of these new ionic liquids to water increased the dissolution capacity of the drugs up to four-times that in water, and improved the pharmacodynamic properties of these drugs, especially the case of sodium diclofenac. The intermolecular interactions between the drugs and ionic liquids were investigated by NMR. Two-dimensional 1H/1H nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) revealed an interaction between sodium diclofenac and the alaninate anion from the [C2Ch]2[SucAla]. In the case of paracetamol and [C4Ch][C2SO3], it was possible to observe two intermolecular interactions between the hydroxyl group of paracetamol and two protons from the cation [C4Ch]+. Interestingly, the ionic liquid bearing a succinyl-DL-alaninate anion, [SucAla]2−, and a N-ethyl cholinium cation, [C2Ch]+, which presented the highest ability to dissolve sodium diclofenac, showed no cytotoxicity up to 500 mM. Therefore, this ionic liquid is a potential candidate for drug delivery applications.
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3

Xu, Qiang, Wei Jiang, Jianbai Xiao und Xionghui Wei. „Absorption of Sulfur Dioxide by Tetraglyme–Sodium Salt Ionic Liquid“. Molecules 24, Nr. 3 (26.01.2019): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030436.

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A series of tetraglyme–sodium salt ionic liquids have been prepared and found to be promising solvents to absorb SO2. The experiments here show that [Na–tetraglyme][SCN] ionic liquid has excellent thermal stability and a 30% increase in SO2 absorption capacity compared to other sodium salt ionic liquids and the previously studied lithium salt ionic liquids in terms of molar absorption capacity. The interaction between SO2 and the ionic liquid was concluded to be physical absorption by IR and NMR.
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4

Heinze, M. T., J. C. Zill, J. Matysik, W. D. Einicke, R. Gläser und A. Stark. „Solid–ionic liquid interfaces: pore filling revisited“. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, Nr. 44 (2014): 24359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02749c.

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5

Zhou, Yafei, Junfeng Zhan, Xiang Gao, Cao Li, Konstantin Chingin und Zhanggao Le. „The cation−anion interaction in ionic liquids studied by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry“. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, Nr. 7 (Juli 2014): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0023.

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Ionic liquids, known as green solvents, are of sustainable interest in modern chemistry, industry, and many other fields. Here, extractive electrospray ionization has been applied to transfer various room temperature ionic liquids into the gas phase for mass spectrometry analysis. Generated mass spectra display free cations (C+), anions (A–), and small salt clusters, such as C2A+ and CA2–, from strongly diluted ionic liquid samples (<10−8 mol/L) with high sensitivity and tolerance to chemical contamination. The eight ionic liquids based on the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with different anions (OH–, HSO4–, Cl–, BF4–, AlCl4–, NO3–, Ac–, and PF6–) are investigated in the present work. Interestingly, the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation signal intensity is inversely correlated with the hydrogen bonding strength between the anion and cation. Our study indicates that the direct extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis is a convenient method to screen ionic liquid libraries with regard to chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and supramolecular organization of ionic liquids.
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6

Putz, Mihai V., Ana-Maria Lacrama und Vasile Ostafe. „Spectral SAR Ecotoxicology of Ionic Liquids: TheDaphnia magnaCase“. Research Letters in Ecology 2007 (2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/12813.

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Aiming to provide a unified theory of ionic liquids ecotoxicity, the recent spectral structure activity relationship (S-SAR) algorithm is employed for testing the two additive models of anionic-cationic interaction containing ionic liquid activity: the causal and the endpoint,|0+〉and|1+〉models, respectively. As a working system, theDaphnia magnaecotoxicity was characterized through the formulated and applied spectral chemical-ecobiological interaction principles. Specific anionic-cationic-ionic-liquid rules of interaction along the developed mechanistic hypersurface map of the main ecotoxicity paths together with the so-called resonance limitation of the standard statistical correlation analysis were revealed.
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7

Alguacil, Francisco J., und Félix A. Lopez. „Insight into the Liquid–Liquid Extraction System AuCl4−/HCl/A327H+Cl− Ionic Liquid/Toluene“. Processes 9, Nr. 4 (30.03.2021): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040608.

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The ionic liquid A327H+Cl− is generated by reaction of the tertiary amine A327 (industrial mixture of tri-octyl and tri-decyl amines) and hydrochloric acid solutions. In this study, the extraction of Au(III) by A327H+Cl− ionic liquid under various variables, including metal and ionic liquid concentrations, was investigated. Results indicate that A327H+AuCl4− is formed by an exothermic (ΔH° = −3 kJ/mol) reaction in the organic solution. Aqueous ionic strength influences the formation constant values, and the specific interaction theory (SIT) was used to estimate the interaction coefficient between AuCl4− and H+. Gold (III) was stripped using thiocyanate media, and from the strip solutions, gold was precipitated as gold nanoparticles.
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8

Patil, Amol Baliram, und Bhalchandra Mahadeo Bhanage. „Modern ab initio valence bond theory calculations reveal charge shift bonding in protic ionic liquids“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, Nr. 23 (2016): 15783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp02819e.

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9

Verevkin, Sergey P., Dzmitry H. Zaitsau und Ralf Ludwig. „Molecular Liquids versus Ionic Liquids: The Interplay between Inter-Molecular and Intra-Molecular Hydrogen Bonding as Seen by Vaporisation Thermodynamics“. Molecules 28, Nr. 2 (05.01.2023): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020539.

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In this study, we determined the enthalpies of vaporisation for a suitable set of molecular and ionic liquids using modern techniques for vapour pressure measurements, such as the quartz crystal microbalance, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gas chromatographic methods. This enabled us to measure reasonable vapour pressures, avoiding the problem of the decomposition of the ionic liquids at high temperatures. The enthalpies of vaporisation could be further analysed by applying the well-known “group contribution” methods for molecular liquids and the “centerpiece” method for ionic liquids. This combined approach allowed for the dissection of the enthalpies of vaporisation into different types of molecular interaction, including hydrogen bonding and the dispersion interaction in the liquid phase, without knowing the existing species in both the liquid and gas phases.
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10

Zeindlhofer, Veronika, und Christian Schröder. „Computational solvation analysis of biomolecules in aqueous ionic liquid mixtures“. Biophysical Reviews 10, Nr. 3 (23.04.2018): 825–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12551-018-0416-5.

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Abstract Based on their tunable properties, ionic liquids attracted significant interest to replace conventional, organic solvents in biomolecular applications. Following a Gartner cycle, the expectations on this new class of solvents dropped after the initial hype due to the high viscosity, hydrolysis, and toxicity problems as well as their high cost. Since not all possible combinations of cations and anions can be tested experimentally, fundamental knowledge on the interaction of the ionic liquid ions with water and with biomolecules is mandatory to optimize the solvation behavior, the biodegradability, and the costs of the ionic liquid. Here, we report on current computational approaches to characterize the impact of the ionic liquid ions on the structure and dynamics of the biomolecule and its solvation layer to explore the full potential of ionic liquids.
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11

Zara, Zeenat, Deepti Mishra, Saurabh Kumar Pandey, Eva Csefalvay, Fatemeh Fadaei, Babak Minofar und David Řeha. „Surface Interaction of Ionic Liquids: Stabilization of Polyethylene Terephthalate-Degrading Enzymes in Solution“. Molecules 27, Nr. 1 (26.12.2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010119.

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The effect of aqueous solutions of selected ionic liquids solutions on Ideonella sakaiensis PETase with bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) substrate were studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations in order to identify the possible effect of ionic liquids on the structure and dynamics of enzymatic Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolysis. The use of specific ionic liquids can potentially enhance the enzymatic hydrolyses of PET where these ionic liquids are known to partially dissolve PET. The aqueous solution of cholinium phosphate were found to have the smallest effect of the structure of PETase, and its interaction with (BHET) as substrate was comparable to that with the pure water. Thus, the cholinium phosphate was identified as possible candidate as ionic liquid co-solvent to study the enzymatic hydrolyses of PET.
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12

Guo, Yi, Qi Wang, Maofei Geng, Xueyuan Peng und Jianmei Feng. „Effects of Liquid Density on the Gas-Liquid Interaction of the Ionic Liquid Compressor for Hydrogen Storage“. Energies 16, Nr. 7 (01.04.2023): 3193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073193.

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As a new and promising compression technology for hydrogen gas, the ionic liquid compressor inherits the advantages of the ionic liquid and the hydraulic system. The liquid density is one of the key parameters influencing the fluid flow field, the sloshing of the bulk liquid, and the movement of droplets generated during the compressor operation. An appropriate selection of the liquid density is important for the compressor design, which would improve the thermodynamic performance of the compressor. However, the density of the ionic liquid varied significantly depending on the specific combination of the cation and anions. This paper proposed the methodology to select the optimal liquid density used in the ionic liquid compressor for hydrogen storage. The gas-liquid interaction in the compression chamber is analysed through numerical simulations under varied liquid density values. Results found that the increase in the liquid density promoted the detachment of the ionic liquid from the cylinder cover during the suction procedure and the contact of the bulk liquid on the compressor cover when the gas is compressed in the cylinder during the compression procedure. Both the droplet size and the dimension of the derived gas vortex decreased when the liquid density increased. The lowest mass transfer of hydrogen through the outlet was obtained at the density of 1150 kg/m3. The density of the ionic liquid from 1300 to 1450 kg/m3 is suggested to the hydrogen compressor, taking into account the transient two-phase flow characteristics, the mass transfer, and the total turbulent kinetic energy.
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13

Wang, Zenghui, Pingping Zhao, Jimin Wu, Jun Gao, Lianzheng Zhang und Dongmei Xu. „ZIF-8-porous ionic liquids for the extraction of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol and water mixture“. New Journal of Chemistry 45, Nr. 19 (2021): 8557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj01053k.

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14

Stepnowski, Piotr. „Preliminary Assessment of the Sorption of some Alkyl Imidazolium Cations as used in Ionic Liquids to Soils and Sediments“. Australian Journal of Chemistry 58, Nr. 3 (2005): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch05018.

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The growing interest in the use of ionic liquids may soon result in their presence in the environment. In any evaluation of the environmental fate of these compounds, their sorption on soil is an essential parameter. This paper reports data on the sorption of ionic liquids on selected soils and marine sediments. Batch-equilibrium adsorption tests were conducted on a selection of imidazolium ionic liquid entities. All the compounds were strongly sorbed on all the soils under study. It seems that, regardless of the hydrophobic interaction with organic matter, non-hydrophobic interactions contribute to the sorption of these compounds to soils and sediments, which usually tends to occur with highly polar ionized groups such as quaternary moieties.
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15

Flieger, Jolanta, Małgorzata Tatarczak-Michalewska, Wojciech Flieger, Jacek Baj, Grzegorz Buszewicz, Grzegorz Teresiński, Ryszard Maciejewski et al. „Influence of Selective Extraction/Isolation of Heme/Hemoglobin with Hydrophobic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids on the Precision and Accuracy of Cotinine ELISA Test“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 22 (08.11.2022): 13692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213692.

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In this study, ionic liquids were used for the selective extraction/isolation of hemoglobin from human serum for cotinine determination using the ELISA Kit. The suitability of hydrophobic imidazolium-based ionic liquids was tested, of which OMIM BF4 (1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) turned out to be the most suitable for direct extraction of hemoglobin into an ionic liquid without the use of any additional reagent at one extraction step. Hemoglobin was separated quantitatively (95% recovery) from the remaining types of proteins remaining in the aqueous phase. Quantum mechanical calculations showed that the interaction of the iron atom in the heme group and the nitrogen atom of the ionic liquid cation is responsible for the transfer of hemoglobin whereas molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the non-covalent interactions between heme and solvent are more favorable in the case of OMIM BF4 in comparison to water. The opposite trend was found for cotinine. Selective isolation of the heme/hemoglobin improved the ELISA test’s accuracy, depending on the cotinine level, from 15% to 30%.
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16

Zhang, Zisheng, Ning Kang, Jingjing Zhou, Xingang Li, Lin He und Hong Sui. „Novel Synthesis of Choline-Based Amino Acid Ionic Liquids and Their Applications for Separating Asphalt from Carbonate Rocks“. Nanomaterials 9, Nr. 4 (01.04.2019): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040504.

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In this study, a series of choline-based amino acid ionic liquids have been synthesized in an economic method and are used to assist solvents with extracting asphalt from carbonate rocks. All of the ionic liquids perform well in extracting asphalt, especially choline histidine, by which the single-step recovery of asphalt is up to 91%. Furthermore, oil product with higher quality (fewer solids entrained) is also obtained. Molecular dynamics simulation and thermodynamic equilibrium method are applied to investigate the role of amino acid ionic liquids via interaction energy calculation and surface free energy calculations. The simulation results suggest that the ionic liquid phase is beneficial for the transfer of oil fraction from the carbonate surface to the organic solvent phase. Moreover, the results of simulated calculation show that the introduction of a functional group with conjugated structures into ionic liquid, such as an imidazole ring and a benzene ring, is beneficial for enhancing oil recovery, which are in accordance with the results of experimental tests.
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17

Li, Peipei, Hao Chen, Jennifer A. Schott, Bo Li, Yaping Zheng, Shannon M. Mahurin, De-en Jiang et al. „Porous liquid zeolites: hydrogen bonding-stabilized H-ZSM-5 in branched ionic liquids“. Nanoscale 11, Nr. 4 (2019): 1515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr07337f.

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The porous liquid zeolites with permanent porosity could be fabricated by exploiting the hydrogen bonding interaction between the alkane chains of branched ionic liquids and the Brønsted sites in H-form zeolites.
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18

Göbel, Ronald, Robin J. White, Maria-Magdalena Titirici und Andreas Taubert. „Carbon-based ionogels: tuning the properties of the ionic liquid via carbon–ionic liquid interaction“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 14, Nr. 17 (2012): 5992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cp23929a.

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19

Kitaoka, Satoshi, Kaoru Nobuoka und Yuichi Ishikawa. „Porphyrin Preparation Utilizing Sulfonated Ionic Liquid and Control of Cation-Anion Interaction in Ionic Liquids“. Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 67, Nr. 8 (2009): 833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.67.833.

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20

Jing, Benxin, Nan Lan, Jie Qiu und Yingxi Zhu. „Interaction of Ionic Liquids with a Lipid Bilayer: A Biophysical Study of Ionic Liquid Cytotoxicity“. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 120, Nr. 10 (08.03.2016): 2781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b00362.

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21

Gao, Qinglin, Zongchang Zhao, Peng Jia und Xiaodong Zhang. „Effect of Ionic Liquids on the Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Behavior of Acetone-Chloroform“. Applied Sciences 8, Nr. 9 (01.09.2018): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091519.

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Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of the ternary system acetone + chloroform + 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([MMIM][DMP]) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([EMIM][DEP]) were obtained at 101.3 kPa. Results indicated that the addition of [MMIM][DMP] or [EMIM][DEP] could eliminate the azeotropic point of the binary system of acetone + chloroform when the mole fraction of ionic liquids (ILs) was above 0.15. Besides, the experimental data could be well correlated by the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model. The structures as well as interactions between molecular solvents (acetone, chloroform) and the ion pairs ([MMIM][DMP], [EMIM][DEP]) were studied by quantum chemical calculations. The result indicated that the interaction energies (ΔE) follow the order of ΔE(acetone + [EMIM][DEP]) > ΔE(acetone + [MMIM][DMP]) > ΔE(chloroform + [EMIM][DEP]) ≈ ΔE(chloroform + [MMIM][DMP]), and chloroform had stronger affinity to ionic liquids than acetone.
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22

Behera, Prasanta Kumar, Prantik Mondal und Nikhil K. Singha. „Polyurethane with an ionic liquid crosslinker: a new class of super shape memory-like polymers“. Polymer Chemistry 9, Nr. 31 (2018): 4205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00549d.

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Polyurethane (PU) with an ionic liquid crosslinker (with a unique double network having a combination of covalent as well as ionic crosslinking) showed excellent shape-recovery as well as excellent shape-fixity properties compared to linear PU and non-ionic crosslinked PU. The non-ionic crosslinker resulted in hard and soft phases intermixing, whereas the ionic interaction in ionic liquid crosslinked PU kept the phase separation intact.
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Schenk, Jonas, Ulrich Panne und Merwe Albrecht. „Interaction of Levitated Ionic Liquid Droplets with Water“. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 116, Nr. 48 (26.11.2012): 14171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp309661p.

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24

Huang, Zhaohui, Ping Qi, Yihan Liu, Chunxiao Chai, Yitong Wang, Aixin Song und Jingcheng Hao. „Ionic-surfactants-based thermotropic liquid crystals“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, Nr. 28 (2019): 15256–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp02697e.

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25

Suen, Ji Wei, Naveen Kumar Elumalai, Sujan Debnath, Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak, Chye ing Lim und Mohan Reddy M. „Structural Changes and Electrochemical Stability of Ionogel Incorporating Tetraethyl Orthosilicate and PVDF-HFP“. MATEC Web of Conferences 377 (2023): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202337701006.

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Ionogels are emerging hybrid materials and are widely studied due to the combination of thermophysical properties from ionic liquid and mechanical integrity from the polymer matrix. Ionic liquid has received wide attention due to its promising properties, high ionic conductivity, and thermal stability. The liquid nature of ionic liquid has restricted its application. Thus, the confinement of ionic liquid within a polymer matrix has allowed ionogel to be applied in strain sensors and lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the compatibility between the polymer matrix and ionic liquid is crucial for ionogel. Incompatibility between polymer host and ionic liquid results in low ionic conductivity, poor mechanical strength, and undesired for practical application. The interaction between polymer matrix and ionic liquid is studied in this study through optical microscopy. The addition of ionic liquid resulted in the disappearance of the polymer matrix’s highly porous nature, as evidenced by the optical microscopy images. This disappearance of the porous nature suggests the compatibility of the polymer matrix with ionogel. Furthermore, the electrochemical stability of the ionogel is also examined through linear sweep voltammetry technique and achieved 2.3V.
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26

Toots, Karl Marti, Sulev Sild, Jaan Leis, William E. Acree und Uko Maran. „Machine Learning Quantitative Structure–Property Relationships as a Function of Ionic Liquid Cations for the Gas-Ionic Liquid Partition Coefficient of Hydrocarbons“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 14 (07.07.2022): 7534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147534.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are known for their unique characteristics as solvents and electrolytes. Therefore, new ILs are being developed and adapted as innovative chemical environments for different applications in which their properties need to be understood on a molecular level. Computational data-driven methods provide means for understanding of properties at molecular level, and quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPRs) provide the framework for this. This framework is commonly used to study the properties of molecules in ILs as an environment. The opposite situation where the property is considered as a function of the ionic liquid does not exist. The aim of the present study was to supplement this perspective with new knowledge and to develop QSPRs that would allow the understanding of molecular interactions in ionic liquids based on the structure of the cationic moiety. A wide range of applications in electrochemistry, separation and extraction chemistry depends on the partitioning of solutes between the ionic liquid and the surrounding environment that is characterized by the gas-ionic liquid partition coefficient. To model this property as a function of the structure of a cationic counterpart, a series of ionic liquids was selected with a common bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide anion, [Tf2N]−, for benzene, hexane and cyclohexane. MLR, SVR and GPR machine learning approaches were used to derive data-driven models and their performance was compared. The cross-validation coefficients of determination in the range 0.71–0.93 along with other performance statistics indicated a strong accuracy of models for all data series and machine learning methods. The analysis and interpretation of descriptors revealed that generally higher lipophilicity and dispersion interaction capability, and lower polarity in the cations induces a higher partition coefficient for benzene, hexane, cyclohexane and hydrocarbons in general. The applicability domain analysis of models concluded that there were no highly influential outliers and the models are applicable to a wide selection of cation families with variable size, polarity and aliphatic or aromatic nature.
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Esser, Lars, Roberto Macchieraldo, Roman Elfgen, Melanie Sieland, Bernd Michael Smarsly und Barbara Kirchner. „TiCl4 Dissolved in Ionic Liquid Mixtures from Аb Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations“. Molecules 26, Nr. 1 (26.12.2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010079.

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To gain a deeper understanding of the TiCl4 solvation effects in multi-component ionic liquids, we performed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [C4C1Im]+, tetrafluoroborate [BF4]−, chloride [Cl]− both with and without water and titanium tetrachloride TiCl4. Complex interactions between cations and anions are observed in all investigated systems. By further addition of water and TiCl4 this complex interaction network is extended. Observations of the radial distribution functions and number integrals show that water and TiCl4 not only compete with each other to interact mainly with [Cl]−, which strongly influences the cation-[BF4]− interaction, but also interact with each other, which leads to the fact that in certain systems the cation-anion interaction is enhanced. Further investigations of the Voronoi polyhedra analysis have demonstrated that water has a greater impact on the nanosegregated system than TiCl4 which is also due to the fact of the shear amount of water relative to all other components and its higher mobility compared to TiCl4. Overall, the polar network of the IL mixture collapses by including water and TiCl4. In the case of [Cl]− chloride enters the water continuum, while [BF4]− remains largely unaffected, which deeply affects the interaction of the ionic liquid (IL) network.
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Yu, Xiaoliang, Xiaoyan Yuan, Yunhui Zhao und Lixia Ren. „From Paramagnetic to Superparamagnetic Ionic Liquid/Poly(ionic liquid): The Effect of π–π Stacking Interaction“. ACS Macro Letters 8, Nr. 11 (29.10.2019): 1504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00714.

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Ko, Jieun, Su Jeong Lee, Kyongjun Kim, EungKyu Lee, Keon-Hee Lim, Jae-Min Myoung, Jeeyoung Yoo und Youn Sang Kim. „A robust ionic liquid–polymer gate insulator for high-performance flexible thin film transistors“. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, Nr. 17 (2015): 4239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc00067j.

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An ionic liquid–polymer (IL–PVP) dielectric layer with robust mechanical strength and flexibility was fabricated by a chemical interaction between the ionic liquid and polymer. This dielectric layer allowed operation of flexible thin film transistors with high performance.
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Morozov, I. V., E. B. Deeva, T. Yu Glazunova, S. I. Troyanov, F. I. Guseinov und L. M. Kustov. „Interaction of copper with dinitrogen tetroxide in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids“. Dalton Transactions 46, Nr. 13 (2017): 4430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt04526j.

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Ionic liquids that are stable toward oxidation and nitration and are based on the 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazloium cation (BMIm+) can be used as solvents and reaction media for copper dissolution in liquid dinitrogen tetraoxide N2O4.
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Cheng, De Hong. „Application of Ionic Liquid in Silk Dyeing“. Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.253.

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In this paper ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) as accelerating agent was applied in silk dyeing and the dyeing performances of silk with ionic liquid were determined under different dyeing conditions. The obtained results indicated that the rate of dye uptake was about 85.4%, the K/S value was 11.2, breaking strength was 426 when 2 g silk was immersed in 60 ml dye solution, the concentration of ionic liquid was 2.0%, dyeing temperature was 50 °C and bath ratio was 1:30. Investigation on dyeing mechanism of silk with ionic liquid indicated that ionic liquid BmimCl interacted with amino acid in surface of silk and dyes through the electrostatic interaction between cation Bmim+ and the CO2- group of amino acid and SO3- group of dye in dyeing process.
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Cole, Jordan, und Karen L. Syres. „Ionic liquids on oxide surfaces“. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, Nr. 21 (25.03.2022): 213002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac5994.

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Abstract Ionic liquids (ILs) supported on oxide surfaces are being investigated for numerous applications including catalysis, batteries, capacitors, transistors, lubricants, solar cells, corrosion inhibitors, nanoparticle synthesis and biomedical applications. The study of ILs with oxide surfaces presents challenges both experimentally and computationally. The interaction between ILs and oxide surfaces can be rather complex, with defects in the oxide surface playing a key role in the adsorption behaviour and resulting electronic properties. The choice of the cation/anion pair is also important and can influence molecular ordering and electronic properties at the interface. These controllable interfacial behaviours make ionic liquid/oxide systems desirable for a number of different technological applications as well as being utilised for nanoparticle synthesis. This topical review aims to bring together recent experimental and theoretical work on the interaction of ILs with oxide surfaces, including TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SnO2 and transition metal oxides. It focusses on the behaviour of ILs at model single crystal surfaces, the interaction between ILs and nanoparticulate oxides, and their performance in prototype devices.
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Sepúlveda, Rossana, Norman Toro, Pía Hernández, Patricio Navarro, Cristian Vargas, Edelmira Gálvez und Jonathan Castillo. „Solvent Extraction of Metal Ions from Synthetic Copper Leaching Solution Using R4NCy“. Metals 12, Nr. 6 (20.06.2022): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12061053.

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Recent works suggest that the use of ionic liquids in the copper solvent extraction industry is feasible. However, the reports did not use real solutions (or synthetic solutions with various elements). This fact remains poorly established, and the interaction efficiencies are still under study. The objective of this research is to explore the extraction and stripping of the four major elements present in a copper industrial pregnant leach solution (Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), and Zn(II)) using the methyltrioctyl/decylammonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (R4NCy) ionic liquid as an extractant. The work conditions studied in extraction were ionic liquid concentration, initial pH, and O/A ratio, and in stripping were H2SO4 concentration and O/A ratio. The test was carried out at room temperature and ambient pressure. High efficiency and selectivity (99.82% and 113,755 over Cu(II), respectively) were observed for Fe(III) extraction over the other elements. Moreover, after the extraction test, significant difficulty in stripping Fe(III) loaded in the ionic liquid was observed (28.7% at 0.5 M of H2SO4). Finally, the present study demonstrates that the R4NCy ionic liquid is not suitable for copper extraction because it has a higher selectivity for Fe(III) and Zn(II).
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Dobryden, Illia, Sichao Li, Wei Zhao, Shun Yu, Sandra Siljeström, Dan Persson, Peter Sjövall und Mark Rutland. „Ionic Liquid Initiated Corrosion Products on Steel“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, Nr. 56 (22.12.2023): 2734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02562734mtgabs.

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Ionic liquids (ILs ) are achieving great interest as electrically addressable lubricants. The demands of lubrication of inaccessible systems, such as wind turbines, coupled with the lubrication paradigm shift engendered by electric vehicles makes IL lubricant additives extremely attractive. The interaction of ILs with steel surfaces and initiation of corrosion need to be urgently addressed, since ILs are in principle organic salts, and water is ubiquitous , even at ppm levels. In this study we have applied a set of surface sensitive advanced techniques, such as Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), Confocal Raman Microscopy, Nano-IR and FTIR microscopy as well as scattering GISAXS, to investigate the formed corrosion products in tribo films containing designer ionic liquids at steel surfaces. The trihexyl-(tetradecyl)phosphonium-bis(oxalato)borate [P6,6,6,14][BOB] ionic liquid and a specially deposited AISI 52100 steel were used in this study. The IL breakdown and various surface-formed corrosion products were imaged and analyzed. The formation of iron oxides and various borate and phosphate-containing products, and their interrelation, is observed and mechanistically discussed.
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Sowińska, Anna, Magdalena Maciejewska, Laina Guo und Etienne Delebecq. „Thermal Analysis and SEM Microscopy Applied to Studying the Efficiency of Ionic Liquid Immobilization on Solid Supports“. Materials 12, Nr. 10 (14.05.2019): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101579.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used in elastomer composites, primarily as vulcanization activators or accelerators, crosslinkers, conductive additives, or dispersing agents of fillers. The aim of this work was to study the efficiency of ionic liquid immobilization on filler surfaces using different techniques of thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ionic liquid, such as 1-decyl 3-methylimidazolium bromide (DmiBr) was grafted on the surface of silica, calcium oxide, and carbon black to improve the dispersion degree of their particles in the elastomeric matrix. Thermal analysis and SEM microscopy revealed a key role in determining the efficiency of the filler modification with ILs dissolved in acetone. Identifying the weight loss associated with thermal decomposition of DmiBr in modified fillers, allowed the calculation of the efficiency of their modification and compare the surface reactivity of studied fillers with DmiBr. Silica and carbon black exhibited high and comparable ability for interaction with ionic liquid. SEM images showed that particles of DmiBr-modified fillers were quite homogeneously dispersed in the elastomer matrix and exhibited good adhesion to the elastomer.
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Luo, Yingjie, Yiwei Zhang, Cimin Tao, Hongfei Ni, Xuesong Liu, Yong Chen, Yongjiang Wu, Hang Song und Tengfei Xu. „Exploring the Absorption Mechanisms of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids to Epigallocatechin Gallate“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 20 (20.10.2022): 12600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012600.

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Imidazolium-based ionic liquids are wildly used in natural product adsorption and purification. In this work, one typical polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) was synthesized by using L-proline as the anion, which exhibited excellent adsorption capacity toward tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The adsorption conditions were optimized with the response surface method (RSM). Under the optimum conditions, the adsorption capacity of the PIL for EGCG can reach as high as 552 mg/g. Dynamics and isothermal research shows that the adsorption process of EGCG by the PIL particularly meets the quasi-second-order kinetic equation and monolayer adsorption mechanism. According to thermodynamic parameter analysis, the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. The results of theoretical calculation by molecular docking also demonstrated the interaction mechanisms between EGCG and the ionic liquid. Considering the wide application of imidazolium-based ionic liquids in component adsorption and purification, the present study can not only be extended to other similar experimental mechanism validation, but also be representative for guiding the synthesis of PIL and optimization of adsorption conditions.
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Behera, Kamalakanta, und Siddharth Pandey. „Interaction between ionic liquid and zwitterionic surfactant: A comparative study of two ionic liquids with different anions“. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 331, Nr. 1 (März 2009): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2008.11.008.

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Wang, Xin-Hong, Chen Cai und Xue-Mei Li. „Optimal Extraction of Gallic Acid fromSuaeda glaucaBge. Leaves and Enhanced Efficiency by Ionic Liquids“. International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5217802.

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The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was initially applied to extract gallic acid fromSuaeda glaucaBge. using 70% ethanol as extraction solvent. Temperature, liquid-solid ratio, and extraction time were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), obtaining maximum levels of gallic acid (6.30 mg·g−1) at 51°C, 19.52 mL·g−1, and 42.68 min, respectively. The obtained model was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The verification experiments at the optimum conditions yielded gallic acid for 6.21 mg·g−1. Subsequently, under optimal conditions, four ionic liquids were used to extract gallic acid fromSuaeda glaucaBge. The results indicated that the presence of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride allowed increasing the EE of gallic acid up to 8.90 mg·g−1. This might be interpreted in terms of the molecular interaction between ionic liquid and gallic acid. The use of ionic liquids involves a stronger gallic acid extraction capacity than conventional organic volatile solvents. A promising alternative process is proposed for the extraction of gallic acid ofSuaeda glaucaBge.
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Hou, Liutong, Sébastien Livi, Jean-François Gérard und Jannick Duchet-Rumeau. „LIonomers-New Generation of Ionomer: Understanding of Their Interaction and Structuration as a Function of the Tunability of Cation and Anion“. Polymers 15, Nr. 2 (10.01.2023): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020370.

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In this work, by combining maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PPgMA) and three different ionic liquids (ILs), i.e., tributyl (ethyl) phosphonium diethyl phosphate (denoted P+DEP), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate (denoted EMIM DEP), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (denoted EMIM Ac), new ionic PP/IL polymer materials are generated and denoted as LIonomers. The structuration of ILs in LIonomers occurs from a nano/microphase separation process proved by TEM. NMR analyses reveal the existence of ionic–ionic and ionic–dipolar interactions between PPgMA and ILs within LIonomers. The rheological behavior of such IL/polymer combinations interpret the existence of interactions between maleic anhydride group and cation or anion composing the ionic liquid. These interactions can be tuned by the nature of cation (P+DEP vs. EMIM DEP) and anion (EMIM DEP vs. EMIM Ac) but also depend on the IL content. Thermal analyses demonstrate that IL could affect the crystallization process according to different pathways. Thanks to the maleic anhydride/IL interactions, an excellent compromise between stiffness and stretchability is obtained paving the way for processing new polyolefin-based materials.
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Hayashi, Eri, Kei Hashimoto, Morgan L. Thomas, Seiji Tsuzuki und Masayoshi Watanabe. „Role of Cation Structure in CO2 Separation by Ionic Liquid/Sulfonated Polyimide Composite Membrane“. Membranes 9, Nr. 7 (04.07.2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070081.

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The development of suitable separation technologies for the separation of carbon dioxide is a pressing technological requirement. The application of ion gel membranes for this purpose continues to stimulate a great deal of research, and in this study we focus on the chemical structure of the ionic liquid component in the ion gel, and its interactions with the sulfonated polyimide polymer. Whilst such membranes are known to give promising carbon dioxide separation properties together with mechanical strength and thin-film-processability, we further elaborate on how changing the cation of the ionic liquid from a typical imidazolium cation to a protic variant effects the physicochemical, thermal, and structural properties of the membranes, and how these changes further influence the carbon dioxide separation properties. We compare and contrast our findings with our earlier study on protic and aprotic ammonium-based ionic liquids, and highlight that for CO2 absorption behavior in the imidazolium systems, the importance of directionality of interactions (ion pairs exhibit a large energy stabilization only for a specific geometrical arrangement of cation and anion, e.g., hydrogen bonding rather than Coulombic interaction) between cation and anion applies not only to the protic system, but also to the nominally aprotic cation. Finally, we demonstrate that the phase separation behavior in the ion gels is an important factor in determining the carbon dioxide separation behavior.
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Gkoura, Lydia, Nikolaos Panopoulos, Marina Karagianni, George Romanos, Aris Chatzichristos, George Papavassiliou, Jamal Hassan und Michael Fardis. „Investigation of Dynamic Behavior of Confined Ionic Liquid [BMIM]+[TCM]− in Silica Material SBA-15 Using NMR“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, Nr. 7 (04.04.2023): 6739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076739.

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The molecular dynamics of 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tricyanomethanide ionic liquid [BMIM]+[TCM]− confined in SBA-15 mesoporous silica were examined using 1H NMR spin-lattice (T1) relaxation and diffusion measurements. An extensive temperature range (100 K–400 K) was considered in order to study both the liquid and glassy states. The hydrogen dynamics in the two states and the self-diffusion coefficients of the cation [BMIM]+ above the glass transition temperature were extracted from the experimental data. The results were then compared to the corresponding bulk substance. The effects of confinement on the dynamic properties of the ionic liquid clearly manifest themselves in both temperature regimes. In the high-temperature liquid state, the mobility of the confined cations reduces significantly compared to the bulk; interestingly, confinement drives the ionic liquid to the glassy state at a higher temperature Tg than the bulk ionic liquid, whereas an unusual T1 temperature dependence is observed in the high-temperature regime, assigned to the interaction of the ionic liquid with the silica-OH species.
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Liu, Na, Jing Wen Zhang und Hua Ping Wang. „Plasticization of Cellulose Diacetate by Ionic Liquid“. Advanced Materials Research 936 (Juni 2014): 1002–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1002.

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Three ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium terafluoroborate (BMIMBF4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BMIMOTF) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6) were applied as the plasticizers of CDA. Among three ILs, BMIMBF4was considered to be the most effective plasticizer, which was confirmed by TGA and DMA. The interaction between ILs and CDA was also investigated.
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Hizaddin, Hanee F., Irfan Wazeer, Nur Afrina Muhammad Huzaimi, Lahssen El Blidi, Mohd Ali Hashim, Jean-Marc Lévêque und Mohamed K. Hadj-Kali. „Extraction of Phenolic Compound from Model Pyrolysis Oil Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Computational Screening and Experimental Validation“. Separations 9, Nr. 11 (01.11.2022): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9110336.

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Green Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are considered here as an alternative to conventional organic solvents and ionic liquids (IL) for the extraction of phenolic compounds from pyrolysis oil. Although ionic liquids have shown a promising future in extraction processes, DESs possess not only most of their remarkable physico-chemical properties, but are also cheaper, easier to prepare and non-toxic, increasing the infatuation with these new moieties to the detriment of ionic liquids. In this work, phenol was selected as a representative of phenolic compounds, and toluene and heptane were used to model the pyrolysis oil. COSMO-RS was used to investigate the interaction between the considered Dess, phenol, n-heptane, and toluene. Two DESs (one ammonium and one phosphonium based) were subsequently used for experimental liquid–liquid extraction. A ternary liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) experiment was conducted with different feed concentrations of phenol ranging from 5 to 25 wt% in model oil at 25 °C and at atmospheric pressure. Although both DESs were able to extract phenol from model pyrolysis oil with high distribution ratios, the results showed that ammonium-based DES was more efficient than the phosphonium-based one. The composition of phenol in the raffinate and extract phases was determined using gas chromatography. A similar trend was observed by the COSMO-RS screening for the two DESs.
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Mercy, Maxime, Nora H. de Leeuw und Robert G. Bell. „Mechanisms of CO2 capture in ionic liquids: a computational perspective“. Faraday Discussions 192 (2016): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00081a.

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We present computational studies of CO2 sorption in two different classes of ionic liquid. The addition of carbon dioxide to four superbase ionic liquids, [P3333][Benzim], [P3333][124Triz], [P3333][123Triz] and [P3333][Bentriz], was studied using the DFT approach and considering anions alone and individual ion pairs. The addition of CO2 to the anion alone clearly resulted in the formation of a covalently-bound carbamate function with the strength of binding correlated to experimental capacity. In the ion pair however the cation significantly alters the nature of the bonding such that the overall cohesive energy is reduced. Formation of a strong carbamate function occurs at the expense of weakening the interaction between anion and cation. In [N1111][l-ALA], a representative amino acid ionic liquid, evidence was found for a low-energy monomolecular mechanism for carbamate formation, explaining the 1 : 1 molar uptake ratio observed in some amino acid ionic liquids. The mechanism involves proton transfer to the carboxylate group of the aminate anion.
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Guan, Chao, und Hong Yu. „Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography for separation and determination of pyrrolidinium ionic liquid cations“. Analytical Methods 8, Nr. 4 (2016): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02774h.

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46

Shaikh, Shahsharif, Takeru Omiya, Albano Cavaleiro, Luis Vilhena, Amilcar Ramalho und Fábio Ferreira. „Impact of Temperature Variation on Friction Behaviour of Rare Earth-Doped Diamond-like Carbon Coatings with Ionic Liquid Lubricants“. Lubricants 11, Nr. 7 (20.07.2023): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11070302.

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This research paper investigates the tribological performance of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings doped with rare earth metals (europium and gadolinium) as well as pure DLC lubricated with ionic liquid additives (trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate {[P66614][DEHP]} and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate {[EMIM][DEP]}) in Polyalphaolefin 8 (PAO8). The study aims to examine the effect of temperature on the interaction between the coatings and additives by conducting tribological experiments using a block-on-disk setup at temperatures of 60 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C. The primary objective is to evaluate the performance of doped DLC coatings compared to pure DLC coatings with ionic liquid additives in the lubricant in boundary lubrication conditions at various high working temperature environments. The experiments reveal that doped DLC coatings with ionic liquid additives exhibit superior tribological performance compared to pure DLC coatings. The rare earth metal dopants play a positive role in the formation of a tribofilm on the surface of the coatings as it interacts with ionic liquids, resulting in a lower coefficient of friction (CoF). Temperature influences the performance of the coatings and additives. The CoF increases with temperature for pure DLC coatings, while for doped DLC coatings it was significantly less. These findings highlight the influence of temperature on the tribological behavior of DLC coatings. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the impact of rare earth metal dopants and ionic liquid additives on the tribological performance of DLC coatings under different temperature conditions. The results demonstrate the potential of utilizing doped DLC coatings with ionic liquid additives as an effective approach to enhance the performance of mechanical systems.
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Kaneko, Kotaro, Aki Nakazato, Akihiro Ishikawa, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Akira Yashita, Masaaki Akamatsu, Kenichi Sakai und Hideki Sakai. „Interaction between Hydrophilic Ionic Liquid and Phospholipid/Cholesterol Mixed Film“. Journal of Oleo Science 71, Nr. 1 (2022): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess21261.

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ZHAO, Xin-Ying, Shu-Yuan GUO, Fan CHEN, Feng QU und Ai-Qin LUO. „Interaction between Ionic Liquid and Protein Based on Capillary Electrophoresis“. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (CHINESE VERSION) 41, Nr. 8 (2013): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1096.2013.20721.

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Zeng, Shaojuan, Xiangping Zhang, Lu Bai, Xiaochun Zhang, Hui Wang, Jianji Wang, Di Bao, Mengdie Li, Xinyan Liu und Suojiang Zhang. „Ionic-Liquid-Based CO2 Capture Systems: Structure, Interaction and Process“. Chemical Reviews 117, Nr. 14 (07.07.2017): 9625–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00072.

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Banerjee, Palash, Somdeb Jana und Tarun K. Mandal. „Coulomb interaction-driven UCST in poly(ionic liquid) random copolymers“. European Polymer Journal 133 (Juni 2020): 109747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109747.

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