Thematische Bibliographien / Involving observation

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Involving observation“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Involving observation"

Pessoa, Osvaldo. „A Causal-Pluralist Metatheory of Observation“. Open Philosophy 2, Nr. 1 (13.12.2019): 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2019-0050.

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AbstractAn extended definition of “observation” is developed in order to account for the usage in the physical sciences and in neuropsychology. An observation is initially defined as a perception that has a focus of attention and is guided by theoretical considerations. Since the focus may change, one adopts a pluralist position according to which the object of perception may involve any stage of the causal chain that leads to perception, such as the source of light or sound, the obstructions, the medium or even the receptor. The “neutral” observations of the empiricists are seen as involving only low-level or medium-level theorization. Examples are examined, such as a lunar eclipse, the rainbow, and observations mediated by instruments, whose “artifacts” are considered observations of the instrument itself. One also defines null-effect observations. Observations of photographs and drawings may be considered either the observation of a printed sheet of paper or the observation of the pictured object or people. This causal-pluralist metatheory of observation also accepts that one may “observe light”, observe the retina, and observe parts of the brain which are outside the region of the “sensorium”. Illusions and hallucinations are analyzed within this “observational materialism”, which considers that qualia are self-observations of the brain. Criticisms that the approach is too wide in scope are analyzed in the conclusion.

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GOSWAMI, BINOY KRISHNA. „OBSERVATION OF SOME NEW PHENOMENA INVOLVING PERIOD TRIPLING AND PERIOD DOUBLING“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 05, Nr. 01 (Februar 1995): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127495000260.

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We report the observation of some new phenomena in the nonlinear dynamics of periodically driven, damped oscillators. We have observed period tripling in the form of saddle node bifurcation in the neighborhood of the original period which remains stable. Period tripling is found to be as generic as period doubling. As a consequence, the dynamics involving period tripling and doubling exhibit a new self similarity. These observations are obtained from the numerical simulation of a periodically forced class B laser.

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Marshall, Bryan T., Mian Long, James W. Piper, Tadayuki Yago, Rodger P. McEver und Cheng Zhu. „Direct observation of catch bonds involving cell-adhesion molecules“. Nature 423, Nr. 6936 (Mai 2003): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01605.

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Zaidi, Ali, und Brandon Lujan. „COMBINED RETINOSCHISIS–DETACHMENT INVOLVING THE FOVEA MANAGED WITH OBSERVATION“. Retinal Cases & Brief Reports 8, Nr. 4 (2014): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/icb.0000000000000094.

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Ueda, Takashi, Katsufumi Mizushige, Hideyasu Kiyomoto, Seiji Sakamoto und Hirohide Matsuo. „Transesophageal Echocardiographic Observation of Multiple Myeloma Involving the Pericardium“. Japanese Circulation Journal 64, Nr. 1 (2000): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/jcj.64.80.

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Brankart, Jean-Michel, Clément Ubelmann, Charles-Emmanuel Testut, Emmanuel Cosme, Pierre Brasseur und Jacques Verron. „Efficient Parameterization of the Observation Error Covariance Matrix for Square Root or Ensemble Kalman Filters: Application to Ocean Altimetry“. Monthly Weather Review 137, Nr. 6 (01.06.2009): 1908–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2693.1.

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Abstract In the Kalman filter standard algorithm, the computational complexity of the observational update is proportional to the cube of the number y of observations (leading behavior for large y). In realistic atmospheric or oceanic applications, involving an increasing quantity of available observations, this often leads to a prohibitive cost and to the necessity of simplifying the problem by aggregating or dropping observations. If the filter error covariance matrices are in square root form, as in square root or ensemble Kalman filters, the standard algorithm can be transformed to be linear in y, providing that the observation error covariance matrix is diagonal. This is a significant drawback of this transformed algorithm and often leads to an assumption of uncorrelated observation errors for the sake of numerical efficiency. In this paper, it is shown that the linearity of the transformed algorithm in y can be preserved for other forms of the observation error covariance matrix. In particular, quite general correlation structures (with analytic asymptotic expressions) can be simulated simply by augmenting the observation vector with differences of the original observations, such as their discrete gradients. Errors in ocean altimetric observations are spatially correlated, as for instance orbit or atmospheric errors along the satellite track. Adequately parameterizing these correlations can directly improve the quality of observational updates and the accuracy of the associated error estimates. In this paper, the example of the North Brazil Current circulation is used to demonstrate the importance of this effect, which is especially significant in that region of moderate ratio between signal amplitude and observation noise, and to show that the efficient parameterization that is proposed for the observation error correlations is appropriate to take it into account. Adding explicit gradient observations also receives a physical justification. This parameterization is thus proved to be useful to ocean data assimilation systems that are based on square root or ensemble Kalman filters, as soon as the number of observations becomes penalizing, and if a sophisticated parameterization of the observation error correlations is required.

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Frank, Scott H. „Direct Observation of Community-Based Ambulatory Encounters Involving Medical Students“. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 278, Nr. 9 (03.09.1997): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03550090036029.

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Frank, S. H. „Direct observation of community-based ambulatory encounters involving medical students“. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 278, Nr. 9 (03.09.1997): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.278.9.712.

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Edberg, Stephen J. „Working with Amateur Astronomers“. International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100092307.

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Amateur astronomers have a vast store of talent and expertise in making astronomical observations. When carefully channelled, their enthusiasm coupled with these characteristics can lead to the acquisition of large volumes of high-quality astronomical data. The Amateur Observation Network of the International Halley Watch (IHW) was organized to encourage comet observations by amateurs, standardize techniques whenever possible, and then collect and archive these observations for use by the astronomical community in the near and distant future as part of the whole IHW archive. The lessons learned from this experience will be useful to organizers who plan observation campaigns involving amateur astronomers in the future.

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Gubergrits, N. B., Y. А. Dyadyk, A. Ye Klochkov, N. V. Byelyayeva, M. D. Ivanova, Y. А. Ginkota und Y. E. Chirkov. „Clinical observation of IgG4-associated disease“. Bulletin of the Club of Pancreatologists 39, Nr. 1 (06.03.2018): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33149/vkp.2018.01.06.

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The article presents general ideas on IgG4-associated disease, two types of autoimmune pancreatitis, major and additional histopathological criteria, a diagnostic scheme for IgG4-associated disease using histological criteria. The authors described a clinical case of disease involving the pancreas and biliary tract. Lessons of clinical observation are drawn.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Involving observation"

Renaut, Laurène. „Le concept d'étrangeté (ghurba) dans la construction identitaire des cyber-militants de l'Etat Islamique. Ethnographie d'une djihadosphère entre 2018 et 2022“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1274.

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Cette thèse, au carrefour de l'Analyse du discours et des Sciences de l'information et de la communication, interroge le concept d'étrangeté (ghurba) dans le discours salafiste djihadiste en ligne et plus particulièrement dans la construction identitaire des partisans de l'EI. La recherche repose sur une enquête ethnographique dans la djihadosphère facebookienne, où nous observé, incognito, des individus pratiquant le djihad médiatique. Pour investir cette communauté sensible, un protocole (observation impliquante, grille de critères attestant d'une adhésion à l'idéologie djihadiste, méthodologie mixte de recueil des données et cadre éthique) a été élaboré au contact des enquêtés. Pour analyser les données issues de ce terrain, nous avons eu recours à une « méthodologie techno-sémio-discursive » (Rondot, 2015), fondée sur une approche discursive, tout en prenant en compte les signes non-verbaux et les caractéristiques du dispositif investi. Nous montrons qu'au-delà d'un thème dominant du discours djihadiste, le concept d'étrangeté (tel qu'il est mobilisé par ces militants) fonde une ontologie ; régit leurs représentations numériques ; et guide leurs conduites en ligne. En cela, il constitue la matrice idéologique du discours des partisans de l'EI sur Facebook. Avec ce travail, nous entendons apporter un nouvel éclairage sur l'engagement salafiste djihadiste via le prisme conceptuel de l'étrangeté
This thesis, at the crossroads of Discourse Analysis and Information and Communication Sciences, questions the concept of strangeness (ghurba) in online Salafist jihadist discourse, and more specifically in the identity construction of EI supporters. The research is based on an ethnographic survey of the Facebook jihadosphere, where we observe, incognito, individuals practicing media jihad. A protocol (involving observation, a grid of criteria attesting to adherence to jihadist ideology, a mixed methodology for data collection and an ethical framework) was drawn up in contact with the respondents. To analyze the data from this fieldwork, we used a "techno-semio-discursive methodology" (Rondot, 2015), based on a discursive approach, while taking into account non-verbal signs and the characteristics of the device invested. We show that beyond being a dominant theme of jihadist discourse, the concept of strangeness (as mobilized by these militants) founds an ontology; governs their digital representations; and guides their online conducts. In this way, it constitutes the ideological matrix of the discourse of EI supporters on Facebook. With this work, we intend to shed new light on the Salafist jihadist commitment via the conceptual prism of strangeness

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Day, E. R. „Principles and practices for involving teenagers in decision-making about their care and treatment : a prospective participant-observation study to inform policy and practice“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1544007/.

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Background: Much research undertaken on teenagers with life-limiting-conditions has focused on the retrospective views and experience of health care professionals (HCP) and parents (Miller 2012, Woodgate 2010, Stevens 2002, Stenmarker 2010, Matsuoka 2012). This has left a gap in the academic and clinical knowledge base regarding teenagers' real-time perspectives of involvement and how, when or if they are involved in practice. Aims: To understand the complex process of decision-making that takes place among HCP, families and teenagers, for decisions regarding the teenager's care and treatment. Methods: Ethnographic methods, participant-observation, informal conversation and open-ended semi-structured interviews are employed. The interactionist perspective provides the overarching theoretical framework. Data: Seven teenagers, 15 family members and 60 HCP were recruited. Data were collected from observations of consultations (147), HCP meetings (104) and informal discussions/interviews (253) with teenagers (86), parents (67), family members (6) and HCP (94). Observations were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Findings: Grounded theory analysis of interviews/informal discussions identified several principles (acting on the care and treatment preferences of the teenager, doing the right thing as determined by clinical consensus, following the HCP lead, information exchange) regarding the involvement of teenagers. Observations highlighted how these principles were enacted in practice, the immutable factors (disease course, decision, treatment window, legal responsibilities) and communication practices (presentation of options, bargaining, information seeking, delegation) that determined when, how and why principles took precedence. Conclusions: Findings suggest teenagers with life-threatening-diagnoses want a different kind of involvement in decision-making than much policy advocates. Teenagers and parents express no desire for independent decision-making, nor do they encourage following the teenagers care and treatment preferences for decisions of consequence. Involvement is not static and consistent across the trajectory, nor is it dependent on chronological age. HCP and policymakers must reconsider the value of advocating one type of involvement focusing on providing 'honest' information, seeking teenagers' preferences for care and treatment and following their lead.

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Gladwell, Melissa Suzanne. „Intergenerational Programming Involving Adults with Dementia: An Observational Assessment of Social Behaviors and Affect“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42727.

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The empirical knowledgebase of intergenerational programming (IGP) largely relies on anecdotal reports by staff and family members. The lack of concrete knowledge is particularly evident in the literature regarding IGP involving elders with dementia. In an effort to fill some of the voids in the current literature base, observations were conducted for seven weeks at a co-located child and adult day program to determine the effects of IGP on 10 older adult participants (M age =81 yrs., S.D. = 5.21). All participants (5 male and 5 female) were diagnosed with dementia by a physician and attended the adult day program regularly. Intergroup contact theory, which emphasizes interdependence between groups, informed the development and facilitation of the IGP activities. A structured scale was utilized to assess the eldersâ social behavior and affect during IGP. Control observations were conducted during adult-only activities representative of traditional dementia-care programming, and qualitative data were collected through participant interviews and facilitator journaling to corroborate the quantitative findings. T-test analyses revealed that the older adults exhibited significantly greater levels of group social behavior and significantly fewer instances of unoccupied behavior during IGP as compared to traditional adult-only activities. The adults also expressed significantly more positive affect during IGP than in the control activities. Findings from the qualitative inquiries supported the quantitative results by emphasizing the meaning and purpose of IGP for the elders. Results indicated that effectively planned and facilitated IGP is an appropriate and interesting activity for elders with dementia.
Master of Science

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Marshall, Jayne E. „Informed consent during the intrapartum period : an observational study of the interactions between health professionals and women in labour involving consent to procedures“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11882/.

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This ethnographic study using participant observation, aimed to explore the issue of informed consent to procedures undertaken during the intrapartum period. It involved recruiting 100 healthy women, who went into labour spontaneously at term, at the point they were admitted to the labour ward. The data collection took place in a large teaching hospital in an East Midlands city from April 1997 until December 1999. The subjects (health professionals and women) were observed throughout the labour until the woman and baby were transferred to the postnatal area. Follow-up interviews were conducted with the woman and midwives, within 24 hours, using a semi-structured format based on the observations. The study revealed that it was difficult to obtain informed consent during labour. Contrary to professional belief, not all women wanted to be fully informed about intrapartum care and procedures, or wanted anything other than a pain free and easy labour that they perceived the western medical-technocratic model of care would offer them. Although the midwives' knowledge of legal and ethical issues concerning consent was variable and limited in the majority of cases, they attempted to empower women to make intrapartum choices. However, this was often constrained by the culture of the labour ward environment and the extent to which they adhered to policies and procedures. In cases where medical intervention became necessary, a minority of midwives felt personally disempowered. The obstetricians and paediatricians observed, appeared to be less effective communicators than anaesthetists, often leaving it to the midwife to explain issues to the woman. It is envisaged that these findings, as well as the stereotypical models of the labouring woman and the attending midwife that developed, and the resulting recommendations, be used in partnership between maternity service and education providers to ensure that health professionals not only have effective communication and interpersonal skills, but also are more conversant with the legal and ethical implications of consent.

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Bücher zum Thema "Involving observation"

Maki, Ellen Lorraine. Some statistical topics involving incomplete observation of a branching process. Toronto: [s.n.], 1986.

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Gonzalo, Arnau Brossa. First Observation of Fully Reconstructed B0 and Bs0 Decays into Final States Involving an Excited Neutral Charm Meson in LHCb. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22753-0.

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Schneider, Barbara. Hearing Voices: Involving Service Users in Mental Health Research. University of Toronto Press, 2018.

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Gonzalo, Arnau Brossa. First Observation of Fully Reconstructed B0 and Bs0 Decays into Final States Involving an Excited Neutral Charm Meson in LHCb. Springer International Publishing AG, 2023.

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Palinkas, Lawrence A., und Brittany Rhoades Cooper. Mixed Methods Evaluation in Dissemination and Implementation Science. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683214.003.0020.

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In reviewing the rapidly growing literature on the use of mixed methods to address important issues confronting the science of dissemination and implementation, the authors make two observations. The first observation is that mixed methods reflect an iterative process of data collection and analysis that involves both inductive and deductive approaches to understanding complex phenomena. Second, this chapter begins with the observation that using mixed methods is more than parallel play involving separate quantitative and qualitative studies. Both the iterative nature of dissemination and implementation science and the likely debate and compromises involved in selection and application of quantitative and qualitative methods in a mixed method design demand attention on the part of the investigators to document and detail the rationale for the selection of methods and the process and outcomes of their use.

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Mashhoon, Bahram. Linearized Nonlocal Gravity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803805.003.0007.

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The only known exact solution of the field equation of nonlocal gravity (NLG) is the trivial solution involving Minkowski spacetime that indicates the absence of a gravitational field. Therefore, this chapter is devoted to a thorough examination of NLG in the linear approximation beyond Minkowski spacetime. Moreover, the solutions of the linearized field equation of NLG are discussed in detail. We adopt the view that the kernel of the theory must be determined from observation. In the Newtonian regime of NLG, we recover the phenomenological Tohline-Kuhn approach to modified gravity. A simple generalization of the Kuhn kernel leads to a three-parameter modified Newtonian force law that is always attractive. Gravitational lensing is discussed. It is shown that nonlocal gravity (NLG), with a characteristic galactic lengthscale of order 1 kpc, simulates dark matter in the linear regime while preserving causality.

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Dunson, David. Flexible Bayes regression of epidemiologic data. Herausgegeben von Anthony O'Hagan und Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.1.

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This article focuses on flexible Bayes regression of epidemiologic data involving pregnancy outcomes. It first provides an overview of finite mixture models and nonparametric Bayes methods before discussing some of the possibilities focusing on gestational age at delivery, DDE and age data from the Longnecker et al. (2001) study. More specifically, it examines how risk of premature delivery is impacted by maternal exposure to the pesticide DDT. The results showcase the use of Bayesian analysis in epidemiological studies that collect continuous health outcomes data, and in which the scientific and clinical interest typically focuses on the relationships between exposures and risks of an abnormal response, corresponding to an observation in the tails of the distribution. The article also highlights the limitations of current standard approaches that can be overcome by means of Bayesian analysis using density regression, mixtures and nonparametric models, as developed and applied in this pregnancy outcome study.

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Steiner, Lisa A. Infections of the Hand. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0047.

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Hand infections can be delineated by type and location of infection, by a polymicrobial vs single microbial colonization, and by the type of organism. They are most often caused by superficial injury or trauma. Early identification and timely treatment can significantly improve the morbidity associated with hand infections. In addition to determining the source and mechanism of infection, it is important to identify tetanus immunization status, prior injury to the affected area, immune status, occupation, and hand dominance. Some hand infections (eg, paronychia, felon, herpetic whitlow, and cellulitis) can be treated in the emergency department and discharged with close follow-up. Deep space abscesses and infections caused by bite wounds involving tendons will require either observation, admission, or surgery depending on their severity. Take into account a patient’s comorbidities—diabetes, immunosuppression, injection drug use, inability to follow up for re-evaluation, and ability to fill antibiotic prescriptions—upon disposition.

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Menezes, Alexandre Monteiro de. Horizontes: Pinturas e desenhos de Belo Horizonte. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-531-6.

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HORIZONTES is a tribute to the city Belo Horizonte. The drawings and paintings that make up this tribute were presented in individual and collective exhibitions in art galleries and cultural spaces in the capital of Minas Gerais. The peaces bring scenes from the daily life of the city, its mountains seen in the distance, as well as representing some of its buildings. The creative process begins with drawings and sketches developed on the spot, using graphite pencils, colored pencils, ballpoint pens, a pad of paper and a good shade to protect from the sun. The buildings are drafted on the spot on small sheets of paper, allowing you to choose the best viewing angles and seeking to experience the space, smell the scents, hear the sounds, perceive the warmth and life of each place. The drawings made in the place offer important and necessary information to help organize the perception and better understanding of the object in space. The observation drawing activity involved in this creative process is of great importance, as it is a conventional, personal and individual activity, involving the discovery of forms and their communication. The observation drawings developed at the site are more than just a passive container of the author's eye. They are a powerful medium that influence thinking just as they are influenced by the thinking of the designer. The result seems to represent, more and more, the will and the attempt to paint not only the visible world, but the memory, the history, the winds, the sounds, the smells, the city and the life, with all the symbolic aspect.

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Abbott, Kenneth W., Bernhard Zangl, Duncan Snidal und Philipp Genschel, Hrsg. The Governor's Dilemma. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855057.001.0001.

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The Governor’s Dilemma develops a general theory of indirect governance based on the tradeoff between governor control and intermediary competence; the empirical chapters apply that theory to a diverse range of cases encompassing both international relations and comparative politics. The theoretical framework paper starts from the observation that virtually all governance is indirect, carried out through intermediaries. But governors in indirect governance relationships face a dilemma: competent intermediaries gain power from the competencies they contribute, making them difficult to control, while efforts to control intermediary behavior limit important intermediary competencies, including expertise, credibility, and legitimacy. Thus, governors can obtain either high intermediary competence or strong control, but not both. The empirical chapters demonstrate that the competence–control tradeoff, and the governor’s dilemma, are common conditions of indirect governance, whether governors are domestic, international, or supranational, democratic or authoritarian; and whether governance addresses economic, security, or social issues. The empirical chapters analyze the operation and implications of the governor’s dilemma in cases involving the governance of violence (e.g. secret police, support for foreign rebel groups, private security companies), the governance of markets (e.g. the Euro crisis, capital markets, EU regulation, the G20), and cross-cutting governance issues (colonial empires, “Trump’s Dilemma”).

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Buchteile zum Thema "Involving observation"

Chandler, Mark, Linda See, Christina D. Buesching, Jenny A. Cousins, Chris Gillies, Roland W. Kays, Chris Newman, Henrique M. Pereira und Patricia Tiago. „Involving Citizen Scientists in Biodiversity Observation“. In The GEO Handbook on Biodiversity Observation Networks, 211–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27288-7_9.

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Burgassi, Valentina. „Con l’occhio di Leonardo. Città fortificate e scenari possibili: paesaggio, cartografia e architettura militare“. In Lo sguardo territorialista di Leonardo, 95–109. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-514-1.12.

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Leonardo’s interest in Vitruvian machinatio, subservient to the needs of military architecture, starts with the return of the Sienese tradition involving mechanisms used both in civil and military fields. Whilst Martini’s influence on his military studies is partly known, very little is as yet known about the extent to which they were influenced by direct observation of fortified cities. This study analyses some drawings in which the Master achieves a perfect synthesis of art and science, harmonizing together the natural features of a territory and the technical aspects necessary to forge military strategies.

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Lim, Jie-Hyun, und Eve Rosenhaft. „Introduction: Mnemonic Solidarity—Global Interventions“. In Entangled Memories in the Global South, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57669-1_1.

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AbstractLim and Rosenhaft introduce “mnemonic solidarity” as a scholarly and political program, situating it in the context of the wider project and publication series “Entangled Memories in the Global South.” Their programmatic approach arises from the observation that a global memory formation has emerged since the late twentieth century, involving interchanges of various kinds between national memory cultures and structured by the terms of Holocaust memory. This development and its political implications have been addressed in various ways by scholars under the rubrics of “cosmopolitan,” “multidirectional,” “traveling,” “prosthetic,” “transnational,” and “agonistic” memory, but the new field of memory studies remains Eurocentric and relatively insensitive to the double-edged character of globalized memory—the interplay between de-territorialization and re-territorialization. This volume aims to reset the agenda.

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Ferrari, Marco, Stefano Taboni, Giacomo Contro und Piero Nicolai. „Precision Medicine in the Treatment of Malignancies Involving the Ventral Skull Base: Present and Future“. In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 237–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23175-9_16.

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AbstractCancers involving the ventral skull base are rare and exceedingly heterogeneous. The variety of malignant tumors that arise in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, and adjacent mesenchymal tissues translates into a proportionally vast spectrum of prognoses, with some histologies such as olfactory neuroblastoma being associated with rare disease-specific death to other histologies such as mucosal melanoma for which survival beyond 5 years is considered a fortunate exception. Parallel to prognosis, treatment of sinonasal cancers is complex, controversial, and deeply dependent upon the putative pretreatment diagnosis. Given their heterogeneity, cancers of the ventral skull base are particularly prone to multidisciplinary management, which is indispensable. The therapeutic options available to date for these cancers include surgery, which currently remains the mainstay of treatment in most cases, along with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Biotherapy and immunotherapy are only anecdotally and compassionately used. For each histology, a careful selection of modalities and their timing is paramount to ensure the best chance of cure. In keeping with the principles of precision medicine, several nuances displayed by malignancies of the ventral skull base are being considered as treatment-driving characteristics. This current trend arose from the observation that a remarkable variability of behavior can be observed even within a single histology. Although evidence is lacking in this field and several potential customizations of treatment are still at a theoretical level, understanding of these cancers is rapidly evolving and practical applications of this increasing knowledge is the much-needed step forward in the management of such rare cancers. This chapter highlights the tumor characteristics that may serve as treatment-driving factors in the most relevant cancers invading the ventral skull base.

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Pottie-Sherman, Yolande. „Immigration Policy and Less-Favoured Regions and Cities: Comparing Urban Atlantic Canada and the US Rust Belt“. In IMISCOE Research Series, 103–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55680-7_6.

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AbstractThere is a growing interest in immigrant receiving countries like Canada and the United States in spreading the benefits of immigration to less-favoured regions and cities that face a myriad of demographic and economic challenges associated with aging or shrinking populations, slow growth, and economic decline. This chapter uses the cases of Atlantic Canada and the US Rust Belt to examine two different approaches to immigration and uneven development. In Canada, place-based immigration programmes explicitly encourage immigration to Atlantic Canada while immigrant integration is supported through ‘top-down’ federally-funded settlement, multiculturalism, and citizenship programmes. Conversely, in the US, efforts to use immigration to address spatial inequality are happening outside of formal policy channels from the ‘bottom-up’, driven by networks of local business associations and non-profit organisations that increasingly promote immigration as a tool of economic revitalisation in the Rust Belt. Drawing on several years of fieldwork in both regions involving participant observation at immigration summits and conventions, stakeholder interviews, and media and document analysis, this chapter considers the implications of these diverging approaches. Ultimately, dynamic regions need dynamic solutions, and cities in these regions provide a roadmap for understanding the role of immigration in addressing uneven development.

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Wang, Ya Ping. „Urban Villages, Their Redevelopment and Implications for Inequality and Integration“. In The Urban Book Series, 99–120. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74544-8_7.

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AbstractUrbanvillages are a unique product of China’s rapid urban expansion. They provide a new way of life sustained by property rental income for local villagers. More importantly, urban villages provide cheap accommodation for millions of rural migrant workers in most large cities. Recently, with the increasing demand for land by commercialdevelopers and public projects, urban villages have become the targets for redevelopment. This chapter uses a case study village in Beijing as an example to assess the social and economic impacts of urban village redevelopment on both the original local inhabitants and migrants in rented accommodation. The case study village went through a very long and complicated redevelopment process from 2004 to 2017 involving different stages of demolition and relocation. It provided a rare opportunity to evaluate the effects on the local population, both pre- and post-redevelopment. The study involved several field visits, observation and interviews with village residents. It shows that urban village redevelopment offered no positive benefits for migrant workers who often lost their homes to demolition. For local villagers, redevelopment and relocation into new flats may improve their living conditions. However, most suffer from the loss of long-term economic and income generation opportunities. Moreover, the new property rights for the replacement flats confer no additional rights of citizenship for the relocated villagers who remain ‘second-class citizens’ within Chinese cities.

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Goss, W. M., Claire Hooker und Ronald D. Ekers. „Radio Source Survey: Disputes, 1948–1957“. In Historical & Cultural Astronomy, 557–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07916-0_35.

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AbstractThe decade of the 1950s became one of the most eventful in the history of not only radio, but of all astronomy, as a result of the first significant surveys of radio sources. During this decade it was realised that the radio sources included an isotropic population of extragalactic sources which could be observed in the radio at greater distances than the deepest optical observations. Radio astronomy suddenly became a part of extragalactic astronomy, and most significantly, a completely new and unexpected probe of cosmology. The story of the development and interpretation of these surveys is a complex one, involving technically challenging instrumental issues, one controversy involving the different results obtained by the observational groups located in Sydney and in Cambridge, and another controversy between the cosmologists and the observers. The situation was further exacerbated by the intense emotional interactions between some of the key personalities involved.

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Nundy, Samiran, Atul Kakar und Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. „What Are the Types of Study Design?“ In How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries?, 71–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5248-6_8.

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AbstractThe quality, reliability, dependability, and publishability of a study depend on its design. A clinical study design includes the preparation of trials, ]experiments, and observations in research involving human beings. The various types of study designs are depicted in Fig. 8.1.

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Doboszewski, Juliusz, und Dennis Lehmkuhl. „On the Epistemology of Observational Black Hole Astrophysics“. In Synthese Library, 225–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26618-8_13.

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AbstractWe discuss three philosophically interesting epistemic peculiarities of black hole astrophysics: (1) issues concerning whether and in what sense black holes do exist; (2) how to best approach multiplicity of available definitions of black holes; (3) short (i.e., accessible within an individual human lifespan) dynamical timescales present in many of the recent, as well as prospective, observations involving black holes. In each case we argue that the prospects for our epistemic situation are optimistic.

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Murphy, I. M., und S. Schowengerdt. „Analytical Methods Developed for an Observational Worker Exposure Study Involving Multiple Target Compounds“. In ACS Symposium Series, 95–105. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2010-1047.ch009.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Involving observation"

Jurik, Joel, Andrew Jones, Mark Bolas und Paul Debevec. „Prototyping a light field display involving direct observation of a video projector array“. In 2011 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPR Workshops). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981693.

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Oikawa, Shoko, Toshiya Hirose, Shigeru Aomura und Yasuhiro Matsui. „Traffic Accidents Involving Cyclists Identifying Causal Factors Using Questionnaire Survey, Traffic Accident Data, and Real-World Observation“. In 60TH Stapp Car Crash Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-22-0008.

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Yao, Yijun, Wenbo Li, Zhoukun Shi, Marie-Pierre Planche, Hanlin Liao und Sihao Deng. „Application of In Situ Observation Techniques for Understanding the Principles of the Cold Spray Coating Formation“. In ITSC 2023. ASM International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0098.

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Abstract As it has been demonstrated that the use of the observation equipment applied on the spray process helps to gain a better coating in terms of properties, non-intrusive observation equipment (Control Vision Inc's SprayCam) is used in the current work for the observations of the jet and particles during the spray process. The application of such in-situ observation techniques concerns the field of cold spraying and brings new insights into the formation process of cold sprayed coatings. The build-up of coatings operated with different parameters (copper powder, nozzle, etc.) are recorded with an extreme short unit of time and then analyzed with the help of digital techniques such as image processing. The basic theories on cold spraying were previously verified by simulation and then compared to experimental results considering the distribution of flying particles involving in the build-up of the coating. The accumulation of data collected by in situ processing techniques during the spray allows understanding the complete steps of the coating formation consequently could bring the entire cold spraying mechanism to a higher level of research.

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Biswas, Dhruba J., und Robert G. Harrison. „Observation of Instabilities and chaos in a single longitudinal, multitransverse mode cw-CO2 laser“. In Instabilities and Dynamics of Lasers and Nonlinear Optical Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/idlnos.1985.wd35.

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Here we report on the observation of oscillatory instability leading to chaos in, a single longitudinal but multitransverse mode cw-CO2 laser. Particularly significant we find en route to chaos distinct and stable oscillation involving three transverse modes.

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Pepper, David M. „Observation of diminished specular reflectivity in self-pumped photorefractive conjugators“. In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.mee1.

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There has been considerable interest recently in the physics and potential applications of self-pumped phase conjugate mirrors using various photorefractive materials. In spite of the intense interest in one particularly appealing device—the internally pumped phase conjugate mirror1—its operation is not well understood. As an aid in improving our understanding of this device, we have measured the specular reflectivity from the input face of a crystal of BaTiO3 during self-pumped operation. Measurements were performed (at λ = 5145 Å) as a function of the angle of incidence for both linear polarization states. For the s-polarization state—which does not lead to self-pumped conjugation—we find good agreement with the standard Fresnel reflection relations. However, for the p-polarization state, the specular reflectivity drops from the standard Fresnel reflection value (e.g., ~15% at near-normal incidence) to ~2%—a value less than that for an air-glass interface. The temporal dependence of the drop in the specular reflectivity correlates well with the conjugate-wave build-up time. By angularly dithering the crystal—thereby destroying the photorefractive-induced gratings—the p-polarization reflectivity is restored to its standard value. A phenomenological model involving destructive interference of the specular component2 via internally reflected fields gives reasonable agreement with experiment.

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Ayres, T. J. „Psychophysical Validation of Photographic Representations“. In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0703.

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Abstract In order to represent how a scene would appear to a typical observer, a photographic print can be calibrated based on careful observation. A psychophysical validation procedure is described, involving the use of visual stimulus charts. The scientific rationale and basis for this procedure is reviewed, and additional applications are discussed.

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Wang, Shao, und Wai Kin Chan. „Experimental Observation of Fractal-Regular Surfaces and a Transformation Scheme for Extracting Fractal Parameters“. In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63585.

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To account for the effects of asperity contacts at various length scales, it is appropriate to characterize an engineering surface as a fractal-regular surface. In spite of significant theoretical advancement, there is a desperate need for experimental verification of the theory of fractal-regular surfaces and a consistent scheme of obtaining the fractal parameters. In the present study, the existence of a fractal region and a regular-shape region in the power spectral density function for fractal-regular surfaces was confirmed experimentally, for the first time, with data obtained from magnetic hard disk and silicon wafer surfaces. A novel scheme involving a variable transformation was developed to extract fractal parameters. This scheme was validated by accurate recovery of fractal parameters from simulated surfaces. The fractal dimension, the fractal roughness parameter and the fractal domain length were found for magnetic hard disk and silicon wafer surfaces.

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Coverdale, C. A., C. B. Darrow, B. A. Hammel, W. B. Mori, C. Decker, K. C. Tzeng, C. Joshi und C. Clayton. „Observation of Forward Raman Scattering and Energetic Electrons in High Intensity, Sub-Picosecond Laser, Underdense Plasma Interaction Experiments“. In High Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hrfts.1994.pd4.

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Many theoretical and computer simulation results have been published recently involving the interaction of short pulse, high intensity lasers with underdense plasmas.1-4 This is a new regime in which to study laser-plasma interactions since the length of the laser pulse is shorter than the Rayleigh range of the laser and the length of the plasma (cτL< LR, Lp). Developments in laser technology over the last several years have made the experimental investigation of this regime possible. In this paper, we describe the first experimental observation of forward stimulated Raman scattering and energetic electrons from the interaction of a subpicosecond, high intensity laser with an underdense plasma.

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Yin, Q. R., H. F. Yu, H. R. Zeng, G. R. Li und A. L. Ding. „High Resolution Acoustic Microscopy with Low Frequency and Its Applications in Analysis of Ferroelectrics“. In ISTFA 2005. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0228.

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Abstract Nondestructive observation of domain structure of ferroelectrics, dynamic behavior under external field and related phenomena is becoming significant. As a nondestructive and subsurface characterizing technique, the authors developed acoustic microscopy based on a commercial scanning probe microscope for direct observation of local ferroelectricity, elasticity and defects on several inorganic functional materials, transparent PLZT ceramics, relax-based PMN-PT crystal and lead-free bismuth titanate ceramics without any special processing (polishing or etching) to the sample. The direct observation is particularly useful and convenient for analyzing ferroelectrics/semiconductor integrated material and devices. The excitation frequency is in the range of several kHz to decades of kHz, which is much lower than that of the traditional acoustic imaging techniques. But several applications of scanning probe acoustic microscope (SPAM) involving ferroelectric samples with the resolution of 10nm were obtained. The expanding scope of application for SPAM shows exciting possibilities for non-destructive analyses in the microelectrics industry.

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Darin, Ticianne, Rossana Andrade und Jaime Sánchez. „CLUE: An Observational Checklist for Usability Evaluation of Multimodal Games for Children Who Are Blind“. In XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ihc.2018.4226.

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This paper summarizes the proposal and validation of a Checklist for Usability Evaluation of Multimodal Games for Children who are Blind (CLUE). CLUE was designed to assist researchers and practitioners in usability evaluation field studies involving people who are blind, addressing multiple aspects of gameplay and multimodality, including audio, graphics, and haptics. Overall, initial evidence indicates that the use of CLUE during user observation helps to raise a greater number of relevant usability issues than other methods such as interview and questionnaire.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Involving observation"

McHugh, Power und Randell. L51972 Encroachment Monitoring via Earth Observation Data. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Juni 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011240.

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The objective of the pipeline encroachment monitoring project was to demonstrate the feasibility of using Earth observation (EO) satellites for early detection of third-party encroachment activities. Examples of encroachment activities include road construction, cable laying, farming, and residential or commercial development. Optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images taken from space-borne platforms were evaluated for use in detecting encroachment activities. C-CORE and TransCanada Pipelines Ltd. conducted an encroachment field program near Whitecourt, Alberta. Various encroachment activities, principally involving heavy equipment, were staged and concurrent satellite-based optical (IKONOS) and SAR (RADARSAT) images acquired. These images were then analyzed for signatures of the encroachment events. A total of 22 multispectral and panchromatic IKONOS images and 14 RADARSAT SAR images were acquired. The IKONOS satellite proved to be effective in detecting smaller vehicles (for example, small trucks or Bobcat tractors) in areas that are free from cloud cover. RADARSAT proved effective in the detection of larger vehicles (for example, excavators or dump trucks), linear excavation, deforestation, and the provision of reliable coverage in all weather conditions.

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Lvov, Michael S., und Halyna V. Popova. Simulation technologies of virtual reality usage in the training of future ship navigators. [б. в.], Februar 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3758.

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Research goal: the research is aimed at the theoretical substantiation of the application of virtual reality technology simulators and their features in higher maritime educational institutions. Research objectives: to determine the role and place of simulation technology in the educational process in the training of future ship navigators in order to form the professional competence of navigation. Object of research: professional training of future ship navigators in higher maritime educational institutions. Subject of research: simulation technologies of virtual reality as a component of the educational process at higher educational maritime establishments. Research methods used: theoretical methods containing the analysis of scientific sources; empirical methods involving study and observation of the educational process. Research results: the analysis of scientific publications allows to define the concept of virtual reality simulators, their application in the training of future navigators, their use for assessing the acquired professional competence of navigation. Main conclusions: introduction of simulation technologies of virtual reality in the educational process in higher maritime educational institutions increases the efficiency of education, promotes the development of professional thinking of students, enhances the quality of professional competence development.

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van der Steina, Aija, Agita Lūse, Liene Rācene, Nadežda Pazuhina und Diāna Popova. Mindful Tourism Services for People with Mental Impairment. Situation Scan: Latvia, 2021. Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the University of Latvia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/mtspmi.2021.

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The report is part of the EU Erasmus + funded project “Mindful tourism services for mentally disordered people” (MindTour). The project aims to promote and support tourism entrepreneurs to value mentally disordered clients and their families as persons and customers and help them design mindful tourism services accessible for mentally disordered people. The project is implemented in cooperation with Estonian, Belgian and Latvian higher education institutions – University of Tartu, Pärnu College (Estonia), Thomas More Mechelen-Antwerpen (Belgium), University of Latvia (Latvia), as well as leisure and tourism service providers - Pärnu Museum (Estonia), Museum Dr Guislain (Belgium) and SIA Zeit Hotel (Latvia). This report reveals the current situation in the use and accessibility of tourism services for people with mental impairment in Latvia. Researchers of the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the University of Latvia Agita Lūse, Liene Rācene, Diāna Popova, Nadezhda Pazuhina and Aija van der Steina researched in the autumn and spring semesters of the academic year 2020/2021, using both secondary data sources and gathering primary data through interviews with social service providers and tourism service providers, as well as participant observation and mapping of services, involving people with GRT in the consumption of tourism services.

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Renaud, Alexander, Michael Forte, Nicholas Spore, Brittany Bruder, Katherine Brodie, Jessamin Straub und Jeffrey Ruby. Evaluation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems for flood risk management : results of terrain and structure assessments. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45000.

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The 2017 Duck Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Pilot Experiment was conducted by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Field Research Facility (FRF), to assess the potential for different UAS to support US Army Corps of Engineers coastal and flood risk management. By involving participants from multiple ERDC laboratories, federal agencies, academia, and private industry, the work unit leads were able to leverage assets, resources, and expertise to assess data from multiple UAS. This report compares datasets from several UAS to assess their potential to survey and observe coastal terrain and structures. In this report, UAS data product accuracy was analyzed within the context of three potential applications: (1) general coastal terrain survey accuracy across the FRF property; (2) small-scale feature detection and observation within the experiment infrastructure area; and (3) accuracy for surveying coastal foredunes. The report concludes by presenting tradeoffs between UAS accuracy and the cost to operate to aid in selection of the best UAS for a particular task. While the technology and exact UAS models vary through time, the lessons learned from this study illustrate that UAS are available at a variety of costs to satisfy varying coastal management data needs.

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Jury, William A., und David Russo. Characterization of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568772.bard.

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This report describes activity conducted in several lines of research associated with field-scale water and solute processes. A major effort was put forth developing a stochastic continuum analysis for an important class of problems involving flow of reactive and non reactive chemicals under steady unsaturated flow. The field-scale velocity covariance tensor has been derived from local soil properties and their variability, producing a large-scale description of the medium that embodies all of the local variability in a statistical sense. Special cases of anisotropic medium properties not aligned along the flow direction of spatially variable solute sorption were analysed in detail, revealing a dependence of solute spreading on subtle features of the variability of the medium, such as cross-correlations between sorption and conductivity. A novel method was developed and tested for measuring hydraulic conductivity at the scale of observation through the interpretation of a solute transport outflow curve as a stochastic-convective process. This undertaking provided a host of new K(q) relationships for existing solute experiments and also laid the foundation for future work developing a self-consistent description of flow and transport under these conditions. Numerical codes were developed for calculating K(q) functions for a variety of solute pulse outflow shapes, including lognormal, Fickian, Mobile-Immobile water, and bimodal. Testing of this new approach against conventional methodology was mixed, and agreed most closely when the assumptions of the new method were met. We conclude that this procedure offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods of measuring K(q), particularly when the application of the method is at a scale (e.g. and agricultural field) that is large compared to the common scale at which conventional K(q) devices operate. The same problem was approached from a numerical perspective, by studying the feasibility of inverting a solute outflow signal to yield the hydraulic parameters of the medium that housed the experiment. We found that the inverse problem was solvable under certain conditions, depending on the amount of noise in the signal and the degree of heterogeneity in the medium. A realistic three dimensional model of transient water and solute movement in a heterogeneous medium that contains plant roots was developed and tested. The approach taken was to generate a single realization of this complex flow event, and examine the results to see whether features were present that might be overlooked in less sophisticated model efforts. One such feature revealed is transverse dispersion, which is a critically important component in the development of macrodispersion in the longitudinal direction. The lateral mixing that was observed greatly exceeded that predicted from simpler approaches, suggesting that at least part of the important physics of the mixing process is embedded in the complexity of three dimensional flow. Another important finding was the observation that variability can produce a pseudo-kinetic behavior for solute adsorption, even when the local models used are equilibrium.

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Kolencik, Marian. A critical evaluation of the risk indicators of criminal conduct involving CBRN and explosive materials - Behavioural and observational analysis in crime detection and investigation. ISEM Institute, n.p.o., Oktober 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52824/vzrb5079.

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Terrorist attacks using explosives and CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear) materials have been present throughout history. While the frequency of CBRN terrorist attacks is relatively low compared to those with explosives and other types of weapons, it is crucial to treat the efforts of both terrorist organizations and individuals with appropriate gravity in order to avert catastrophic consequences. Identifying warning signs that indicate criminal behaviour is crucial for preventing planned crimes or terrorist attacks, and there is a need for more precise coverage of potential risk indicators related to CBRN and explosive crimes. This research aimed at examining and scrutinizing possible warning signs associated with planning and conducting terrorist attacks using CBRN and explosive materials. The research was implemented in three phases. First, comprise the systematic literature review. In the second phase, the case studies and CCTV records from past cases from Europe, USA, Australia and Asia were analysed and the aim was to create a list of risk indicators and categories for future reference by developing a methodological tool. The last phase represented a survey in which the practitioners from European Law enforcement and Intelligence Agencies critically assessed the list of risk indicators and their categories created based on the previous two steps of the research. The last goal was to gain the agreement and endorsement of law enforcement officials from different European nations regarding the validity and importance of recognized risk indicators and their categories, as well as their ranking for use in operational tasks, investigations, and training. The majority of the respondents found the identified categories and risk indicators as reliable and relevant for their operational activities and investigations. For the second research question, the survey results prioritized categories of risk indicators that are most suitable for the detection tactics of investigators and intelligence officers. The third research question examined the ease of observing identified risk indicators, with the category of technological detection/air sampling alarm risk indicators ranking as the easiest to detect. Finally, the survey found that the identified risk indicators are useful for training activities of security entities. Several final comments and recommendations from participants were also discussed, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple factors when identifying risk indicators and the value of the comprehensive list of identified risk indicators. The publication also examines some terrorist theories, the advantages, limitations, and the ongoing debate surrounding the use of profiling in protective security.

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Arayici, Mehmet Emin, Yasemin Basbinar und Hulya Ellidokuz. High and low dietary fiber consumption and cancer risk: a comprehensive umbrella review with meta-meta-analysis involving meta-analyses of observational epidemiological studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, Oktober 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.10.0025.

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Eyers, Victoria, Iwan Parry und Mohammed Zaid. In-Depth Investigation of E-Scooter Performance. TRL, Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/hkxd9791.

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E-scooter use is increasing, and with it, the number of collisions involving e-scooters. The rapid rate of uptake of devices has resulted in a gap in the reference data available for collision investigators to make use of in reconstructing collisions, data which is commonly available for other collision types. The main aim of this study was to consider the capabilities of privately owned devices likely to be encountered in ‘real world’ collision scenarios and examine whether manufacturer-published data is realistic. Common characteristics and observations relevant to collision investigations were also recorded. A sample of donated, used devices was tested to determine the acceleration, deceleration and peak speed characteristics of different types of device

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Kodjebacheva, Gergana, Taylor Culinski, Bushra Kawser und Katelynn Coffer. Satisfaction with telehealth among children, adolescents, caregivers, and medical providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic literature review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0067.

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Review question / Objective: What is the satisfaction regarding the use of telehealth among pediatric patients, their caregivers, and their medical providers, during the COVID-19 pandemic? PI(E)COS structure: Outcome: Satisfaction (i.e. experiences, perceptions, attitudes); Participants: pediatric patients, their caregivers, and their medical providers; Intervention: Telehealth; Comparison group: A group not receiving telehealth or no comparison group. Study designs to be includedd: Inclusion: All designs are included specifically RCTs, quasi-experimental studies with control group or with no control group, and qualitative studies. Not only interventions are included. Observational studies involving surveys and interviews discussing experiences with telehealth are included. Exclusion: Review protocols, studies that present no qualitative or quantitative data on experiences with telehealth.

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Ismaiel, Abdulrahman, Ayman Jaaouani, Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta, Stefan-Lucian Popa und Dan-Lucian Dumitrascu. The Visceral Adiposity Index in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis — Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, Dezember 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0056.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the mean difference and AUROC of Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) in NAFLD/NASH/liver fibrosis patients and controls in observational studies. Condition being studied: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multi-system disease, being mainly a liver pathology involving excessive hepatic fat accumulation unrelated to alcohol consumption or other secondary causes of hepatic steatosis. It is an emerging cause of concern and increasing clinical burden, imposing a public health challenge. NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease and is predicted to be the most common indication for a liver transplant in Western countries by 2030, owing to a prevalence of 25% worldwide. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a scoring system based on body mass index, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and waist circumferences (WCs).

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