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Thematische Bibliographien / Involuntary attention / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Involuntary attention“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 24. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 5. Mai 2022

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1

van Ede, Freek, Alexander G. Board und Anna C. Nobre. „Goal-directed and stimulus-driven selection of internal representations“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, Nr. 39 (14.09.2020): 24590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013432117.

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Adaptive behavior relies on the selection of relevant sensory information from both the external environment and internal memory representations. In understanding external selection, a classic distinction is made between voluntary (goal-directed) and involuntary (stimulus-driven) guidance of attention. We have developed a task—the anti-retrocue task—to separate and examine voluntary and involuntary guidance of attention to internal representations in visual working memory. We show that both voluntary and involuntary factors influence memory performance but do so in distinct ways. Moreover, by tracking gaze biases linked to attentional focusing in memory, we provide direct evidence for an involuntary “retro-capture” effect whereby external stimuli involuntarily trigger the selection of feature-matching internal representations. We show that stimulus-driven and goal-directed influences compete for selection in memory, and that the balance of this competition—as reflected in oculomotor signatures of internal attention—predicts the quality of ensuing memory-guided behavior. Thus, goal-directed and stimulus-driven factors together determine the fate not only of perception, but also of internal representations in working memory.

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Prinzmetal, William, Virginia Long und James Leonhardt. „Involuntary attention and brightness contrast“. Perception & Psychophysics 70, Nr. 7 (Oktober 2008): 1139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/pp.70.7.1139.

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3

Prinzmetal, William, Sam Park und Rosalie Garrett. „Involuntary attention and identification accuracy“. Perception & Psychophysics 67, Nr. 8 (November 2005): 1344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193639.

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4

Ahveninen, Jyrki, Seppo Kähkönen, Sirpa Pennanen, Jyrki Liesivuori und Iiro P. Jääskeläinen. „Serotonin modulates human involuntary attention“. NeuroImage 13, Nr. 6 (Juni 2001): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(01)91637-4.

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5

Prinzmetal, William, Ruby Ha und Aniss Khani. „The mechanisms of involuntary attention.“ Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 36, Nr. 2 (2010): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017600.

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6

Sawaki, Risa, und Steven J. Luck. „Active suppression after involuntary capture of attention“. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 20, Nr. 2 (20.12.2012): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-012-0353-4.

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7

Huang, Shanshan, Howard Berenbaum und Philip I. Chow. „Distinguishing voluntary from involuntary attention to emotion“. Personality and Individual Differences 54, Nr. 8 (Juni 2013): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.025.

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8

Han, S. W., und R. Marois. „Involuntary attention improves perception by resolving competition“. Journal of Vision 11, Nr. 11 (23.09.2011): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.11.118.

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9

Denison, Rachel, David Heeger und Marisa Carrasco. „Dynamics of voluntary and involuntary temporal attention“. Journal of Vision 16, Nr. 12 (01.09.2016): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.588.

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10

Prinzmetal, W. „A model of voluntary and involuntary attention“. Journal of Vision 7, Nr. 9 (30.03.2010): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/7.9.955.

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11

Landau, A., W. Prinzmetal, L. Robertson und M. Silver. „Neural mechanisms of voluntary and involuntary attention“. Journal of Vision 9, Nr. 8 (22.03.2010): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/9.8.103.

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12

Elwan, D., A. Landau, S. Holtz, H. Duong und W. Prinzmetal. „Individual differences in voluntary and involuntary attention“. Journal of Vision 9, Nr. 8 (21.03.2010): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/9.8.134.

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13

Parmentier, Fabrice B. R., und Pilar Andrés. „The Involuntary Capture of Attention by Sound“. Experimental Psychology 57, Nr. 1 (01.10.2010): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000009.

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The presentation of auditory oddball stimuli (novels) among otherwise repeated sounds (standards) triggers a well-identified chain of electrophysiological responses: The detection of acoustic change (mismatch negativity), the involuntary orientation of attention to (P3a) and its reorientation from the novel. Behaviorally, novels reduce performance in an unrelated visual task (novelty distraction). Past studies of the cross-modal capture of attention by acoustic novelty have typically discarded from their analysis the data from the standard trials immediately following a novel, despite some evidence in mono-modal oddball tasks of distraction extending beyond the presentation of deviants/novels (postnovelty distraction). The present study measured novelty and postnovelty distraction and examined the hypothesis that both types of distraction may be underpinned by common frontally-related processes by comparing young and older adults. Our data establish that novels delayed responses not only on the current trial and but also on the subsequent standard trial. Both of these effects increased with age. We argue that both types of distraction relate to the reconfiguration of task-sets and discuss this contention in relation to recent electrophysiological studies.

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Ward, Lawrence M. „Involuntary Listening AIDS Hearing“. Psychological Science 8, Nr. 2 (März 1997): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00692.x.

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In two experiments, I simultaneously measured response time, accuracy, and response bias in an auditory intensity discrimination task to look for evidence of stimulus-driven attention orienting in auditory frequency space. The results demonstrated that a cue tone caused an apparently involuntary orienting of attention to the cue's frequency region, allowing faster and more accurate processing of a subsequent target tone when it occurred at the same frequency as the cue than when it occurred at a different frequency. Relationships between response time, accuracy, and bias measures also allowed masking and other effects to be separated from attention-orienting effects in these experiments.

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15

Wang, Yan, Jianhui Wu, Shimin Fu und Yuejia Luo. „Orienting and Focusing in Voluntary and Involuntary Visuospatial Attention Conditions“. Journal of Psychophysiology 24, Nr. 3 (Januar 2010): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000010.

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In the present study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral measurements in a peripherally cued line-orientation discrimination task to investigate the underlying mechanisms of orienting and focusing in voluntary and involuntary attention conditions. Informative peripheral cue (75% valid) with long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was used in the voluntary attention condition; uninformative peripheral cue (50% valid) with short SOA was used in the involuntary attention condition. Both orienting and focusing were affected by attention type. Results for attention orienting in the voluntary attention condition confirmed the “sensory gain control theory,” as attention enhanced the amplitude of the early ERP components, P1 and N1, without latency changes. In the involuntary attention condition, compared with invalid trials, targets in the valid trials elicited larger and later contralateral P1 components, and smaller and later contralateral N1 components. Furthermore, but only in the voluntary attention condition, targets in the valid trials elicited larger N2 and P3 components than in the invalid trials. Attention focusing in the involuntary attention condition resulted in larger P1 components elicited by targets in small-cue trials compared to large-cue trials, whereas in the voluntary attention condition, larger P1 components were elicited by targets in large-cue trials than in small-cue trials. There was no interaction between orienting and focusing. These results suggest that orienting and focusing of visual-spatial attention are deployed independently regardless of attention type. In addition, the present results provide evidence of dissociation between voluntary and involuntary attention during the same task.

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Benfer, Natasha, Joseph R. Bardeen und Thomas A. Fergus. „The Interactive Effect of Attention to Emotions and Emotional Distress Intolerance on Anxiety and Depression“. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 31, Nr. 2 (2017): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.31.2.91.

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Emotional distress intolerance (EDI) has been identified as a risk factor for mood and anxiety disorders. One factor that may influence the association between EDI and psychopathology is attention to emotions (AE). Recent evidence suggests that AE may encompass two dissociable components: voluntary and involuntary AE. This study aimed to examine the moderating role of both voluntary and involuntary AE in the association between EDI and psychological symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression) in a sample of 955 community adults. We hypothesized that voluntary AE would buffer, and involuntary AE would enhance, the association between EDI and psychological symptoms. In partial support of our hypotheses, involuntary, but not voluntary, AE moderated the relationship between EDI and both symptom outcomes such that the positive associations between EDI and psychological symptoms were significantly stronger at higher, versus lower, levels of involuntary AE. Thus, individuals with relatively higher EDI and involuntary AE may be at particularly high risk for experiencing anxiety and depression. Clinical implications are discussed.

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Peterson, Matthew S., Arthur F. Kramer und David E. Irwin. „Covert shifts of attention precede involuntary eye movements“. Perception & Psychophysics 66, Nr. 3 (April 2004): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03194888.

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18

Salmi, Juha, Minna Huotilainen, Satu Pakarinen, Teo Siren, Kimmo Alho und Eeva T. Aronen. „Does sleep quality affect involuntary attention switching system?“ Neuroscience Letters 390, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2005): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.016.

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19

Esterman, Michael, William Prinzmetal, Joseph DeGutis, Ayelet Landau, Eliot Hazeltine, Timothy Verstynen und Lynn Robertson. „Voluntary and involuntary attention affect face discrimination differently“. Neuropsychologia 46, Nr. 4 (2008): 1032–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.11.014.

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20

Alho, K. „Involuntary auditory attention and event-related brain responses“. International Journal of Psychophysiology 25, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(97)85554-7.

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21

Hill, James M., John A. Sweeney und Gretchen L. Haas. „Voluntary and involuntary shifts of attention in schizophrenia“. Schizophrenia Research 24, Nr. 1-2 (Januar 1997): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(97)82374-2.

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22

Qian, Cheng, und Taosheng Liu. „Involuntary attention in the absence of visual awareness“. Journal of Vision 16, Nr. 12 (01.09.2016): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.904.

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23

Peterson, M. S., und A. F. Kramer. „Covert shifts of attention precede involuntary eye movements“. Journal of Vision 2, Nr. 7 (15.03.2010): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/2.7.163.

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24

Rauschenberger, Robert, Joseph B. Sala und Christine T. Wood. „Product warnings and the involuntary capture of attention“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 59, Nr. 1 (September 2015): 1423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931215591309.

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25

Finkbeiner, Matthew, Scott D. Slotnick, Lauren R. Moo und Alfonso Caramazza. „Involuntary capture of attention produces domain-specific activation“. NeuroReport 18, Nr. 10 (Juli 2007): 975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e3281668bcc.

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26

Qian, Cheng, und Taosheng Liu. „Involuntary attention in the absence of visual awareness“. Visual Cognition 23, Nr. 7 (09.08.2015): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2015.1093249.

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27

Mannarelli, D., C. Pauletti, N. Locuratolo, M. C. De Lucia, N. Vanacore und F. Fattapposta. „Involuntary attention in essential tremor: A MMN study“. International Journal of Psychophysiology 85, Nr. 3 (September 2012): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.068.

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28

Schröger, Erich. „A Neural Mechanism for Involuntary Attention Shifts to Changes in Auditory Stimulation“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 8, Nr. 6 (November 1996): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1996.8.6.527.

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Involuntary switching to task-irrelevant sound change was studied by measuring event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance in a dichotic listening paradigm. Pairs of tones (S1 and S2) were presented and subjects were instructed to ignore S1 (delivered to the left ear) and to make a go/no-go response to the subsequent S2 (delivered to the right ear). On most trials, the task-irrelevant S1 was of standard frequency, but occasionally it deviated from the standard frequency either by a small or large amount. It was predicted that deviant stimuli were automatically detected and that they could involuntarily capture attention. If they lead to attention switching, less capacity should be available for the processing of target tones resulting in impaired processing of S2. As in many previous studies, deviant tones elicited the mismatch negativity (MMN), which is a component of the ERP indicating automatic change detection. Furthermore, targets preceded by a deviant tone elicited a smaller N1 wave and were detected less effectively than targets preceded by a standard tone. This impaired processing of targets following task-irrelevant changes occurred only with short S1–S2 intervals (Experiment I) but not with long ones (Experiment II). The results support a model claiming that the auditory system possesses a change detection system that monitors the acoustic input and may produce an attentional “interrupt” signal when a deviant occurs. The involuntary attentional capture caused by this signal leads to impoverished processing of closely succeeding stimuli.

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Legrain, Valéry, Caroline Perchet und Luis García-Larrea. „Involuntary Orienting of Attention to Nociceptive Events: Neural and Behavioral Signatures“. Journal of Neurophysiology 102, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2009): 2423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00372.2009.

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Pain can involuntarily capture attention and disrupt pain-unrelated cognitive activities. The brain mechanisms of these effects were explored by laser- and visual-evoked potentials. Consecutive nociceptive laser stimuli and visual stimuli were delivered in pairs. Subjects were instructed to ignore nociceptive stimuli while performing a task on visual targets. Because involuntary attention is particularly sensitive to novelty, in some trials (17%), unexpected laser stimuli were delivered on a different hand area (location-deviant) relative to the more frequent standard laser stimuli. Compared with frequent standard laser stimuli, deviant stimuli enhanced all nociceptive-evoked brain potentials (laser N1, N2, P2a, P2b). Deviant laser stimuli also decreased the amplitude of late latency–evoked responses (visual N2-P3) to the subsequent visual targets and delayed reaction times to them. The data confirm that nociceptive processing competes with pain-unrelated cognitive activities for attentional resources and that concomitant nociceptive events affect behavior by depressing attention allocation to ongoing cognitive processing. The laser-evoked potential magnitude reflected the engagement of attention to the novel nociceptive stimuli. We conclude that the laser-evoked potentials index the activity of a neural system involved in the detection of novel salient stimuli in order to focus attention and prioritize action to potentially damaging dangers.

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Nakashima, Ryoichi, und Takatsune Kumada. „The whereabouts of visual attention: Involuntary attentional bias toward the default gaze direction“. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 79, Nr. 6 (12.05.2017): 1666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-017-1332-7.

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31

Kim, Andy J., Laurent Grégoire und Brian A. Anderson. „Value-Biased Competition in the Auditory System of the Brain“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 34, Nr. 1 (01.12.2021): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01785.

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Abstract Attentional capture by previously reward-associated stimuli has predominantly been measured in the visual domain. Recently, behavioral studies of value-driven attention have demonstrated involuntary attentional capture by previously reward-associated sounds, emulating behavioral findings within the visual domain and suggesting a common mechanism of attentional capture by value across sensory modalities. However, the neural correlates of the modulatory role of learned value on the processing of auditory information has not been examined. Here, we conducted a neuroimaging study on human participants using a previously established behavioral paradigm that measures value-driven attention in an auditory target identification task. We replicate behavioral findings of both voluntary prioritization and involuntary attentional capture by previously reward-associated sounds. When task-relevant, the selective processing of high-value sounds is supported by reduced activation in the dorsal attention network of the visual system (FEF, intraparietal sulcus, right middle frontal gyrus), implicating cross-modal processes of biased competition. When task-irrelevant, in contrast, high-value sounds evoke elevated activation in posterior parietal cortex and are represented with greater fidelity in the auditory cortex. Our findings reveal two distinct mechanisms of prioritizing reward-related auditory signals, with voluntary and involuntary modes of orienting that are differently manifested in biased competition.

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Fischer, Burkhart. „Voluntary and involuntary components in saccade and attention control“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, Nr. 4 (August 1999): 684–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99322159.

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This commentary considers experimental material – some new, some from earlier studies – challenging the model presented by Findlay & Walker. It concentrates on the role of voluntary and involuntary visual attention versus fixation in saccade control and on the generation of antisaccades, reflexive prosaccades, and corrective saccades. The data of a large number of subjects are presented to show the systematic relationship between voluntary saccade generation, error production, and error correction in an antisaccade task.

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Mazza, Veronica, Monica Dallabona, Leonardo Chelazzi und Massimo Turatto. „Cooperative and Opposing Effects of Strategic and Involuntary Attention“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2011): 2838–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2011.21634.

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To assess whether working memory contents can effectively bias visual selection even when they do not represent the current target in the attention task, we recorded the ERP activity from participants performing both a memory task and, in the retention period, a visual search task. In this task, a distracter matching the memory content could be presented on the same side (congruent trials) or on the opposite side (incongruent trials) relative to the target location (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2). On some trials, only the matching distracter (but no target) was presented (catch trials, Experiment 2). Results showed that the N2pc component was modulated by the presence and location of a matching distracter. We interpret these results as evidence that the involuntary control exerted by the irrelevant memory contents coexists with the strategic mechanism related to the search target, influencing attention selection with roughly equal power. In Experiment 3, we found that the modulation of the N2pc is not strictly related to the active maintenance of the memory-target features but can also be elicited by repetition priming. Overall, these findings suggest that, together with the physical properties of the stimuli presented in the visual field, irrelevant memory contents represent a powerful class of factors that lead to involuntary attentional control.

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Ward, Robert, Shai Danziger, Rose T. Quirk, Lesley Goodson und Paul Downing. „Suppression of involuntary spatial response activation requires selective attention“. Visual Cognition 12, Nr. 2 (März 2005): 376–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506280444000238.

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35

Lien, Mei-Ching, Alison Gemperle und Eric Ruthruff. „Aging and involuntary attention capture: Electrophysiological evidence for preserved attentional control with advanced age.“ Psychology and Aging 26, Nr. 1 (2011): 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021073.

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36

Rokem, Ariel, Ayelet N. Landau, Dave Garg, William Prinzmetal und Michael A. Silver. „Cholinergic Enhancement Increases the Effects of Voluntary Attention but Does Not Affect Involuntary Attention“. Neuropsychopharmacology 35, Nr. 13 (01.09.2010): 2538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2010.118.

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37

Mildon, Valery I. „Involuntary Behavior of Gogol’s Heroes“. Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 10, Nr. 4 (15.12.2018): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik10454-61.

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Taking Nikolai Gogols work as an example, the article searches into literary characters, points out to the difficulties of translating literature to screen, reveals the aesthetic incompatibility of literature and cinema. Special attention is paid to the psychological and behavioral motivation of the characters, which is particularly vital for the work of the script-writer and director working with literary source material.

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McDonald, John J., und Lawrence M. Ward. „Involuntary Listening Aids Seeing: Evidence From Human Electrophysiology“. Psychological Science 11, Nr. 2 (März 2000): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00233.

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It is well known that sensory events of one modality can influence judgments of sensory events in other modalities. For example, people respond more quickly to a target appearing at the location of a previous cue than to a target appearing at another location, even when the two stimuli are from different modalities. Such cross-modal interactions suggest that involuntary spatial attention mechanisms are not entirely modality-specific. In the present study, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded to elucidate the neural basis and timing of involuntary, cross-modal spatial attention effects. We found that orienting spatial attention to an irrelevant sound modulates the ERP to a subsequent visual target over modality-specific, extrastriate visual cortex, but only after the initial stages of sensory processing are completed. These findings are consistent with the proposal that involuntary spatial attention orienting to auditory and visual stimuli involves shared, or at least linked, brain mechanisms.

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Moeck, Ella K., Nicole A. Thomas und Melanie K. T. Takarangi. „Right Hemisphere Memory Bias Does Not Extend to Involuntary Memories for Negative Scenes“. Perception 50, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006620982210.

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Attention is unequally distributed across the visual field. Due to greater right than left hemisphere activation for visuospatial attention, people attend slightly more to the left than the right side. As a result, people voluntarily remember visual stimuli better when it first appears in the left than the right visual field. But does this effect—termed a right hemisphere memory bias—also enhance involuntary memory? We manipulated the presentation location of 100 highly negative images (chosen to increase the likelihood that participants would experience any involuntary memories) in three conditions: predominantly leftward (right hemisphere bias), predominantly rightward (left hemisphere bias), or equally in both visual fields (bilateral). We measured subsequent involuntary memories immediately and for 3 days after encoding. Contrary to predictions, biased hemispheric processing did not affect short- or long-term involuntary memory frequency or duration. Future research should measure hemispheric differences at retrieval, rather than just encoding.

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Landau, Ayelet N., Deena Elwan, Sarah Holtz und William Prinzmetal. „Voluntary and involuntary attention vary as a function of impulsivity“. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 19, Nr. 3 (27.03.2012): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-012-0240-z.

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41

Sasaki, Toshinori, Kenneth B. Campbell, P. Gordon Bazana und Robert M. Stelmack. „Individual differences in mismatch negativity measures of involuntary attention shift“. Clinical Neurophysiology 111, Nr. 9 (September 2000): 1553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00376-x.

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42

Kähkönen, Seppo, Jyrki Ahveninen, Eero Pekkonen, Seppo Kaakkola, Juha Huttunen, Risto J. Ilmoniemi und Iiro P. Jääskeläinen. „Dopamine modulates involuntary attention shifting and reorienting: an electromagnetic study“. Clinical Neurophysiology 113, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2002): 1894–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00305-x.

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43

Ozaki, Takashi J. „Evidence of an involuntary processing in the dorsal attention network“. Neuroscience Research 68 (Januar 2010): e293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1304.

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44

Gosselin, Nadia, Annie Mathieu, Stéphanie Mazza, Anne Décary, Jacques Malo und Jacques Montplaisir. „Deficits in involuntary attention switching in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome“. Neuroscience Letters 408, Nr. 1 (November 2006): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2006.08.046.

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45

Chen, H., und L. Huang. „Involuntary attention can modulate the disappearance in motion-induced blindness“. Journal of Vision 12, Nr. 9 (10.08.2012): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/12.9.1221.

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46

Lincourt, Amy E., Charles L. Folk und William J. Hoyer. „Effects of aging on voluntary and involuntary shifts of attention“. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 4, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1997): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13825589708256654.

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Soto, David, Dietmar Heinke, Glyn W. Humphreys und Manuel J. Blanco. „Early, Involuntary Top-Down Guidance of Attention From Working Memory.“ Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 31, Nr. 2 (2005): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.31.2.248.

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MORITA, HIROMI. „Involuntary attention driven by abrupt change in early visual features“. Japanese Psychological Research 36, Nr. 4 (1994): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.36.211.

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Squire, P., P. Greenwood und R. Parasuraman. „Involuntary but not voluntary orienting modulates the splitting of attention“. Journal of Vision 9, Nr. 8 (21.03.2010): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/9.8.133.

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Escera, Carles, Kimmo Alho, István Winkler und Risto Näätänen. „Neural Mechanisms of Involuntary Attention to Acoustic Novelty and Change“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, Nr. 5 (September 1998): 590–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892998562997.

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Behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) measures were used to elucidate the neural mechanisms of involuntary engagement of attention by novelty and change in the acoustic environment. The behavioral measures consisted of the reaction time (RT) and performance accuracy (hit rate) in a forced-choice visual RT task where subjects were to discriminate between odd and even numbers. Each visual stimulus was preceded by an irrelevant auditory stimulus, which was randomly either a “standard” tone (80%), a slightly, higher “deviant” tone (10%), or a natural, “novel” sound (10%). Novel sounds prolonged the RT to successive visual stimuli by 17 msec as compared with the RT to visual stimuli that followed standard tones. Deviant tones, in turn, decreased the hit rate but did not significantly affect the RT. In the ERPs to deviant tones, the mismatch negativity (MMN), peaking at 150 msec, and a second negativity, peaking at 400 msec, could be observed. Novel sounds elicited an enhanced N1, with a probable overlap by the MMN, and a large positive P3a response with two different subcomponents: an early centrally dominant P3a, peaking at 230 msec, and a late P3a, peaking at 315 msec with a right-frontal scalp maximum. The present results suggest the involvement of two different neural mechanisms in triggering involuntary attention to acoustic novelty and change: a transient-detector mechanism activated by novel sounds and reflected in the N1 and a stimulus-change detector mechanism activated by deviant tones and novel sounds and reflected in the MMN. The observed differential distracting effects by slightly deviant tones and widely deviant novel sounds support the notion of two separate mechanisms of involuntary attention.

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