Thematische Bibliographien / Involuntary attention

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Involuntary attention“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 24. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 5. Mai 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Involuntary attention"

van Ede, Freek, Alexander G. Board und Anna C. Nobre. „Goal-directed and stimulus-driven selection of internal representations“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, Nr. 39 (14.09.2020): 24590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013432117.

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Adaptive behavior relies on the selection of relevant sensory information from both the external environment and internal memory representations. In understanding external selection, a classic distinction is made between voluntary (goal-directed) and involuntary (stimulus-driven) guidance of attention. We have developed a task—the anti-retrocue task—to separate and examine voluntary and involuntary guidance of attention to internal representations in visual working memory. We show that both voluntary and involuntary factors influence memory performance but do so in distinct ways. Moreover, by tracking gaze biases linked to attentional focusing in memory, we provide direct evidence for an involuntary “retro-capture” effect whereby external stimuli involuntarily trigger the selection of feature-matching internal representations. We show that stimulus-driven and goal-directed influences compete for selection in memory, and that the balance of this competition—as reflected in oculomotor signatures of internal attention—predicts the quality of ensuing memory-guided behavior. Thus, goal-directed and stimulus-driven factors together determine the fate not only of perception, but also of internal representations in working memory.

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Prinzmetal, William, Virginia Long und James Leonhardt. „Involuntary attention and brightness contrast“. Perception & Psychophysics 70, Nr. 7 (Oktober 2008): 1139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/pp.70.7.1139.

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Prinzmetal, William, Sam Park und Rosalie Garrett. „Involuntary attention and identification accuracy“. Perception & Psychophysics 67, Nr. 8 (November 2005): 1344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193639.

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Ahveninen, Jyrki, Seppo Kähkönen, Sirpa Pennanen, Jyrki Liesivuori und Iiro P. Jääskeläinen. „Serotonin modulates human involuntary attention“. NeuroImage 13, Nr. 6 (Juni 2001): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(01)91637-4.

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Prinzmetal, William, Ruby Ha und Aniss Khani. „The mechanisms of involuntary attention.“ Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 36, Nr. 2 (2010): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017600.

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Sawaki, Risa, und Steven J. Luck. „Active suppression after involuntary capture of attention“. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 20, Nr. 2 (20.12.2012): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-012-0353-4.

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Huang, Shanshan, Howard Berenbaum und Philip I. Chow. „Distinguishing voluntary from involuntary attention to emotion“. Personality and Individual Differences 54, Nr. 8 (Juni 2013): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.025.

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Han, S. W., und R. Marois. „Involuntary attention improves perception by resolving competition“. Journal of Vision 11, Nr. 11 (23.09.2011): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.11.118.

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Denison, Rachel, David Heeger und Marisa Carrasco. „Dynamics of voluntary and involuntary temporal attention“. Journal of Vision 16, Nr. 12 (01.09.2016): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.588.

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Prinzmetal, W. „A model of voluntary and involuntary attention“. Journal of Vision 7, Nr. 9 (30.03.2010): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/7.9.955.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Involuntary attention"

Averin, Emina, und Majorie Valderrama. „Action words: Studying the involuntary capture of attention of action words“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-51974.

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This study’s aim was to examine how attention is affected by action words. Twenty participants performed a cross‐modal oddball task with a standard sound (a sine wave tone) and two recorded speech sounds as novel sounds (stop and press). The result showed that novel sounds captured attention and increased response time compared to standard. There was a significant difference between “press” and standard and “stop” and standard but not between stop and press. This showed that the participants could not block out the sound and focus on the focal attention task. Even though not significant, the response time for “stop” was the slowest since it may inhibit the involuntary response. The results might be explained by the fact that not enough subjects participated, and because of that same reason the result might not be generalized either.

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García, García Manuel Antonio. „The role of COMT, DAT and DRD2 polymorphisms on brain mechanisms of involuntary attention and cognitive control“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2722.

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Our genetic background plays a role in the way we face environmental changes and adapt our behavior adequately to the requirements of everyday life. The present research focuses on the role of three genes related to dopamine (DA) transmission on relevant cognitive processes, such as shifting attention when required by the environmental demands or processing of unexpected but potentially relevant events. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum dopamine activity seem to play different roles in attentional processing and interact to regulate stability and flexible update of context information. Therefore, we studied the action of genes regulating PFC dopamine action (i.e., Catechol-O-Methyltransferase; COMT), reuptake of dopamine diffused on extrasynaptic striatal space (i.e., Dopamine Transporter; DAT) and the concentration of D2-type dopamine receptors (i.e., dopamine D2 receptors; DRD2).

The results of these studies provide evidence for a relevant role of COMT, DAT1 and DRD2 genes in cognitive processes, which helps to understand cognitive disruption associated to dopamine dysregulation in psychiatric disorders.
Els nostres gens juguen un rol important en la manera que enfrontem els canvis de l'ambient i adaptem la nostre conducta adequadament. El present treball de recerca se centra en el paper de tres gens relacionats amb la dopamina (DA) sobre processos cognitius, com el canvi de l'atenció quan és requerit per les demandes ambientals o el processament d'esdeveniments inesperats però potencialment rellevants. L'activitat dopaminèrgica al còrtex prefrontal (PFC) i a l'estriat semblen jugar papers diferents en el processament atencional i interaccionen per a regular l'estabilitat i flexibilitat de l'actualització de la informació contextual. Per això, vam estudiar l'acció de gens que regulaven l'acció de la dopamina del PFC (i.e. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase; COMT), la resposta de dopamina difosa en l'espai extrasinàptic estriatal (i.e. Transportador de Dopamina; DAT) i la concentració de receptors de dopamina de tipus D2 (i.e. receptors D2 de dopamina; DRD2).

Els participants amb diversos al·lels dels gens estudiats van realitzar dues versions diferents d'un paradigma de distracció auditiu visual, en el qual se'ls demanava que ignoressin tons estàndards freqüents i sons ambientals nous rars que precedien els objectius pertinents de la tasca. En dos estudis, vam manipular l'efecte d'un context emocional sobre el processament d'esdeveniments nous inesperats, donada la potencial rellevància d'un esdeveniment nou durant una situació d'amenaça en la qual pot ser nociu. En tres estudis, els participants amb al·lels diferents o combinacions d'al·lels van realitzar un paradigma de commutació de tasca, en el qual l'actualització d'informació sensorial i de tasca es podria dissociar. Al llarg dels sis estudis, se van emprar mesures conductuals i electrofisiològiques enregistrades al cuir cabellut, com els anàlisis de l'electroencefalograma (EEG) al domini del temps promitjant els potencials cerebrals relacionats a esdeveniments (ERP), i l'activitat oscil·latòria cerebral al domini temps- freqüència.

Tres estudis van mostrar el paper del gen del DAT en el control cognitiu de l'atenció, suggerint així la pertinència de la DA estriatal en la flexibilitat cognitiva. Els nostres resultats suggereixen un processament independent del context dels canvis sensorials per la reconfiguració del set de la tasca en individus amb l'al·lel de 9 repeticions de DAT (9R+) relacionats amb una major disponibilitat de dopamina estriatal. Tanmateix, aquests individus van mostrar una detecció primerenca de la rellevància per la tasca dels canvis sensorials. El gen del DAT regulava la modulació del processament de la novetat per un context emocional. Els individus 9R+ van mostrar una resposta cerebral més gran als estimuls novedosos.

Dos estudis van mostrar el paper de la interacció dels gens de la COMT i del DRD2 sobre processos atencionals. S'ha suggerit que els individus amb l'al·lel de COMT Val i l'al·lel de DRD2 A1 (A1+) i COMT Met sense l'al·lel de DRD2 A1 (A1-) mostren una interacció equilibrada de dopamina prefrontal i estriatal. Aquests grups van mostrar distracció conductual, mentre que els individus ValA1- i els individus MetA1+ no van ser distrets per sons nous en un paradigma de distracció visual auditiu. Els grups, tanmateix, no-distrets resultaven processar esdeveniments nous a través de la restauracio d'activitat neuronal a 40 Hz. A més, aquells amb una interacció equilibrada semblaven tornar a configurar la informació de la tasca quan era necessari, mentre que aquells amb dopamina PFC o estriatal extremes tornarien a configurar el set de la tasca després de cada canvi sensorial.

Els resultats dels estudis de la tesi proporcionen una evidència del paper rellevant dels gens de la COMT, el DAT1 i el DRD2 en processos cognitius, i ajuden a entendre els dèficits cognitius associats a la disregulació de la dopamina en trastorns psiquiàtrics.

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Han, Jiangxue. „Salience and Effortful Processing: The Effects of Involuntary Attention to Web Ads on Implicit and Explicit Attitudes“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1449761951.

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Giouvanaki, Asimina. „Nature’s Impact on Mental and Physical Wellbeing : A study of the mental and physical health in Greek Immigrants to Sweden“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36458.

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In the past Man coinhabited harmoniously with nature only to have the balance disturbed with the advent of the Industrial Revolution replacing the green habitat with urban concrete settlements Consequently, the characteristics of the contemporary city pose a set of serious threat to man’s physical and mental health. Crowdedness, lack of apt infrastructure, pollution, noise pollution and rise in temperature are all contributing factors to the Man’s demised health and detachment from previous amicable coexistence with nature. For the past 30 years, extensive research has been conducted studying the correlation between man and nature, and nature’s impact on man’s health. The theory of “Biophilia,” by Edward, O. Wilson, Rachel and Stephen Kaplan’s “Attention Restorative Theory,” and Roger Ulrich’s “Stress Reduction Theory,” have been innovating and contributing towards gaining more understanding of the importance of a green environment in man’s everyday life. As a corollary the above-mentioned theories gave rise to the following quantitative study conducted over a 4-month period, including 81 respondents, in Spring 2020, focusing on whether a natural green environment in Sweden had impacted the mental and physical health in Greek immigrants to Sweden. The findings suggest that comparing the respondents’ life in Greece and respectively in Sweden there was indeed an improvement in the mood and health of the sample groups taking into consideration: how healthy they are, how healthy they feel, how happy they feel in relation to work, time spent in Sweden, marital status and of course the parameters that focus on the part of the natural environment at home and in their neighbourhood in Sweden. There seem to have been a statistically significant improvement in their health compared to when they lived in Greece but there is insufficient evidence to support that some of the parameters examined are responsible for this. Happiness on the other hand seem to possess a statistical important role due to their marital status among others along with the green surrounding environment having an impact on their mental well-being but not their physical health. Therefore, a more sustainable green environment seems to have impacted the overall psychological and physical state of the respondents, but further extensive research is recommended to investigate in depths others factors i.e., psychosomatics, environmental psychology along with nature related theories and studies.

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Brown, Christopher. „Testing a goal-driven account of involuntary attentional capture by motivationally salient stimuli“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76861/.

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Traditionally, mainstream models of attention have neglected the role of motivationally meaningful stimuli (e.g. threat/reward). These stimuli can cause the rapid and involuntary attraction of attention (attentional capture), and can hence be said to have motivational salience. It is sometimes considered that this capture occurs in a stimulus-driven manner (versus goal-driven). I, however, suggest that attentional capture by motivational salience could be caused by a goal-driven mechanism. To test this we asked three overarching questions: 1) Is detecting motivationally salient stimuli considered important? By using a novel concurrent forced choice task, which isolates the priority of an individual's explicit search goals, we found that individuals believed that it was advantageous to detect and search for motivationally salient stimuli. 2) Can voluntary search goals induce attentional capture? In Chapter 2 we revealed that task-irrelevant threatening stimuli only captured attention, versus neutral distractors, when participants were searching for that category of threatening stimuli. This goal-driven capture effect was robust yet highly specific, affecting only the single specific semantic category, rather than generalising across all related stimuli (Chapter 3). We found an identical pattern of results for reward associated stimuli (alcohol in social drinkers) in Chapter 4, with capture only occurring in the goal-driven condition. The same was true for smoking related images in Chapter 5, and this occurred independently of current nicotine dependence. Additionally, self-selected search goals were capable of inducing attentional capture, not just instructed goals (Chapter 7). 3) How are top-down search goals initially selected? Chapter 6 revealed that search goal priority was positively predicted by stimulus importance and expectancy. This task also revealed a contextual cueing effect on search goal priority, whereby threat was prioritised more in a threatening context (versus safe). On the basis of my findings we propose a novel Importance-Expectancy model of attentional goal selection.

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Haab, Lars [Verfasser], und Daniel [Akademischer Betreuer] Strauss. „Numerical Modeling and Experimental Validation of Involuntary Attentional Capture and Long-Term Habituation by the example of Tinnitus Aurium / Lars Haab. Betreuer: Daniel Strauss“. Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1104170396/34.

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Shortt, Jennifer. „Attention advertising : the cultural economy of voluntary watching and involuntary looking“. Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/18152.

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This thesis investigates the visual event of consuming advertisements as a form of labour. Using Heller’s "attention theory of value", the thesis argues that among the most valuable forms of labour in today’s capitalist society is the productive value of human attention. The attention of viewers is interpellated by advertisements in two ways: watching and looking. To illustrate how viewers consume advertisements by watching, a case study focused on product promotion on the "Ellen DeGeneres Show" is presented. In order to interpellate viewers’ attention, companies use product promotions such as "free gifts" within shows in order to avoid possibly losing their attention in commercials. Looking as labour is illustrated via a case study of advertisements in three different Vancouver restaurant restrooms: 99 Cham, Moxie’s Classic Grill and TGI Friday’s. The placement of advertisements in restrooms is also strategic, in that viewers’ attention is captured by the simple act of looking.
Arts, Faculty of
Sociology, Department of
Graduate

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Audette, Philippe. „Involuntary auditory attention capture in a cross-modal oddball paradigm: novelty and semantic processing“. 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/5264.

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The current study was designed to investigate the effect of an expected or unexpected sound on performance of a visual perception task. On each trial, listeners were required to indicate whether an arrow presented on a computer screen directly in front of them was pointing to the left or right. The arrow stimulus was immediately preceded by a to-be ignored auditory event that was either a pure tone, the word ‘left’ or the word ‘right’. The probability that the arrow was preceded by a tone, a congruent word, or an incongruent word was manipulated across experiments. Congruent words facilitated classification of the arrow stimulus regardless of whether or not they were expected. Incongruent words slowed classification regardless of whether or not they were expected. These results revealed that both expected and unexpected auditory events receive involuntary semantic processing in a cross-modal oddball task.

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Веретеніна, Марина Вадимівна. „Ігровий психотренінг як засіб розвитку довільної уваги дітей дошкільного віку“. Магістерська робота, 2020. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/4336.

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Веретеніна М. В. Ігровий психотренінг як засіб розвитку довільної уваги дітей дошкільного віку : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 053 «Психологія» / наук. керівник Л. В. Спіцина. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 70 с.
UA : Робота викладена на 70 сторінках,2 рисунка, 2 таблиці. Перелік посилань включає 50 джерел. Об'єкт: процес розвитку довільної уваги дітей дошкільного віку. Дошкільний вік – важливий період інтелектуального та особистісного розвитку дитини, протягом якого відбувається вдосконалення її пізнавальних та вольових процесів. Важливою умовою підготовки дитини до школи є сформованість механізмів довільної уваги, уміння протягом певного часу концентрувати її на другій справі або розповіді педагога. Довільність уваги виступає передумовою успішного залучення дитини до навчально-виховного процесу та становлення її здатності до самоорганізації. Коли дитина добре зосереджена,лише тоді вона може успішно вчитися. Тому уважно слухаючи пояснення вихователя під час занять, дитина легше сприймає, розуміє та запам’ятовує його зміст і тим самим полегшує собі виконання завдань. При стійкій увазі можливо запевнити акуратність, безпомилковість і точність у виконанні письмових робіт. Наукова новизна роботи полягає у тому, що вперше теоретично та емпірично обґрунтовано розвиток довільної уваги дітей дошкільного віку засобами ігрового психотренінгу, який передбачає розробку програми ігрового психотренінгу як засіб розвитку довільної уваги та складання психолого-педагогічних рекомендацій батькам для підвищення її ефективності.
EN : The work is presented on 70 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables. The list of links includes 50 sources. Object: the process of development of voluntary attention of preschool children. Preschool age is an important period of intellectual and personal development of a child, during which there is an improvement of its cognitive and volitional processes. An important condition for preparing a child for school is the formation of mechanisms of voluntary attention, the ability for some time to concentrate on the second case or the teacher's story. Arbitrariness of attention is a prerequisite for the successful involvement of the child in the educational process and the formation of its ability to self-organization. When a child is well focused, only then can he learn successfully. Therefore, listening carefully to the explanations of the educator during the lessons, the child more easily perceives, understands and remembers its content and thus facilitates the tasks. With steady attention, it is possible to ensure accuracy, accuracy and precision in the performance of written work. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the development of voluntary attention of preschool children by means of game psychotraining is theoretically and empirically substantiated.

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Bücher zum Thema "Involuntary attention"

Mace, John H. Involuntary Autobiographical Memories. Herausgegeben von Kalina Christoff und Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.37.

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Spontaneous recollections of the past are a common and salient part of everyday mental life. However, memory researchers have only recently (i.e. within the past twenty years) turned their attention to the study of this memory phenomenon. While research in this area has answered a number of pressing questions about the nature of involuntary memories, answers to some questions remain elusive (e.g. determining their functional nature). This chapter reviews the main body of this work. In addition, the chapter looks to the future of involuntary memory research, highlighting its promise in a number of regards (e.g. its potential role in informing an understanding of autobiographical memory retrieval).

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Owen, Gareth, Sir Simon Wessely und Sir Simon Wessely, Hrsg. Neuropsychiatric assessment. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199661701.003.0005.

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The chapter gives an approach to the neuropsychiatric assessment including the history, the mental state examination, and the neurological examination. History is vital to neuropsychiatric assessment and the chapter guides on how to elicit the physical and psychological symptoms and, most importantly, give a clear chronology of how these developed. Different time courses are then related to different pathological processes. The skill of observing behaviour (e.g. responses to environment) is emphasized for the mental state examination and the cognitive examination is covered in detail, with key neuropsychological terms defined. A scheme for a screening neurological examination is given, with attention on observing voluntary and involuntary movement. Approaches are provided to three particularly challenging clinical presentations: patients with functional symptoms, patients who are mute, and patients who are catatonic.

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Gray, Barbara, und Jill Purdy. Multistakeholder Partnerships in Context. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782841.003.0002.

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This chapter analyzes a variety of contextual factors that make partnerships a necessity. More and more societal problems have become “wicked problems” that involve many actors and defy resolution and require the attention and commitment of many interdependent players to find solutions because actions taken by one organization or sector negatively impact others. Increasing “glocalization” or fusing of the local and the global problems also propels partnerships. Six glocal conditions are explored that have spurred the growth of cross-sector partnerships locally and across the globe: deepening income inequality; growing importance of health in the economy; environmental degradation including climate change, water crises, and the need for sustainability, large-scale involuntary migration, increases in extreme weather events and continued decline in ability of governments to handle complex problems. The chapter also identifies partners’ motivations for joining partnerships, and classifies partnerships according to motives and intended outcomes.

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Mauro, Rubino-Sammartano. Part II Understanding the Users of International Arbitration, 5 How Easy is it not to Take Adequate Care of the Proper Expectations of the Parties? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198783206.003.0006.

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This chapter argues that arbitrators must pay sufficient attention to the legitimate expectations of parties. In line with this, it surveys possible-or even involuntary-breaches of the expectations of the parties. It discusses common problems such as not allowing sufficient time to the proceedings; not allowing the parties to present their case adequately; the temptation to rush; effects of disliking counsel; and lack of a full de novo review. It concludes that the approach of many arbitrators is to render an award which would produce for them respect or even admiration, or the wish, at least in Continental Europe, to write a brilliant intellectual treatise. However, this is not an expectation of the parties. While some parties just wish to always win, in particular when they know they are wrong, the innocent party, the honest man or woman, expects that the arbitrator will decide the dispute with diligence and humanity.

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Swann, Karen. Lives of the Dead Poets. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284184.001.0001.

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Biography has played an important role in the canonization of Keats, Shelley, and Coleridge. Each archive is saturated with stories of the life prematurely cut off or, in Coleridge’s case, of promise wasted in indolence; with reminiscences of contemporaries who describe subjects singularly unsuited to this world; and with stranger materials—death masks, bits of bone, locks of hair, a heart—preserved by circles and then sometimes circulating more widely, often in tandem with bits of the literary corpus. Especially when it centers on the early deaths of Keats and Shelley, biographical interest tends to be dismissed as a largely Victorian and sentimental phenomenon that we should by now have put behind us. And yet a line of verse by these poets can still, willy-nilly, trigger associations with biographical detail in a way that sparks pathos and produces intimations of prolepsis or fatality, even in readers suspicious of such effects. Biographical fascination—the untoward and involuntary clinging of attention to the biographical subject—is thus “posthumous” in Keats’s evocative sense of the term, its life equivocally sustained beyond its period. This book takes seriously the biographical fascination that has dogged the posthumous lives of the prematurely arrested figures of Keats, Shelley, and Coleridge. Arising in tandem with a sense of the threatened end of poetry’s allotted period, biographical fascination opens us to poetry’s modes of survival from the time of the romantic period, when it began to receive the first of its many death sentences, into our own present.

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Eyre, Janet. Clinical approach to developmental neurology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0171.

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The objectives and principles of neurological history and examination in children are the same as those in adults. This chapter therefore, will not provide an all-encompassing description of the neurological assessment of children, but highlights where the approach must differ substantially from that used in adults. Further it aims to provide a practical and useful approach to the examination of children, who may be preverbal and certainly will show less stamina for cooperation than adults. Of course as children get older, the examination can become more conventional and systematized. By adolescence the examination can be the same as the adult examination.The first and overriding factor for success is to be flexible and to make observations when the opportunity arises rather than to wait for abnormalities to arise during the course of a more systematic approach. Nonetheless a systematic approach to recording these results is essential, so as to bring together related observations made disparately in time. The history is of paramount importance in guiding the examination. Since it is unlikely that you will be able to complete a full examination, it is important to prioritize the observations needed in light of a differential diagnosis before you begin examining. Rather than rushing straight into the examination it is rewarding to gain a young child’s confidence by playing briefly with them. Also, instead of insisting on examining the child on a couch, it helps to become adept at examining young children on their parent’s or caretaker’s knee. Finally, no matter how cooperative a child is, potentially disturbing investigations should be left until last, including tendon reflexes or examination of the tongue, fundi, and ears. Otherwise all subsequent cooperation from the child may be lost after these examinations.The examination room environment is the key to a successful neurological examination and requires careful thought. There should be sufficient space to accommodate families and for the children to play. The room needs to be friendly and conducive to encouraging play. It needs to be equipped with carefully selected toys, pictures, pencils and paper, and books of interest to children over a wide age range. Observation of the child’s play whilst you are taking a history from the parents or caregivers will allow assessment of the child’s motor skills and developmental stage. Their use of play material can yield important clues to the nature of a deficit, by revealing ataxia, weakness, involuntary movements, tics, or spasticity. Play also provides an opportunity to assess the child’s behaviour, for instance their impulsivity, distractibility, and attention span. Interaction of the child with parents or caregivers can be observed also. If the child participates actively in the history taking, their understanding and contribution to the session allows you to make assessments of their language and intellectual skills.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Involuntary attention"

Araki, Ariko, Yoshitada Katagiri und Toshio Kawamata. „Involuntary Attention Enhancement by Melody: Neurophysiological Evidence“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 271–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54121-6_23.

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Alho, Kimmo, Carles Escera und Erich Schröger. „Event-Related Brain Potential Indices of Involuntary Attention to Auditory Stimulus Changes“. In Detection of Change, 23–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0294-4_2.

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Miller, Leigh Ann, Carin Molchan, Daniel B. Williams, Michael Grasso, Hilma Nangombe, Andrea Low, Adam Wolkon, Jessica Justman und Ndapewa Hamunime. „Disclosure of a Participant’s HIV Status During a Household Community HIV Testing Project“. In Public Health Ethics Analysis, 83–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92080-7_6.

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AbstractThe narrative is framed within the context of ways that public health interventions balance the rights of individuals and community when related to infectious diseases. This central example is from a community-based HIV testing program in an area with high HIV prevalence. We describe a breach of confidentiality resulting from an involuntary disclosure of a participant’s HIV status. This breach of confidentiality occurs within a family. The narrative considers the respective rights of individuals and community members related to disclosure of HIV status and pays attention to how roles (e.g., health care worker, sexual partner) influence decisions regarding disclosure of someone’s HIV status. There were clear testing program guidelines for how, when, and where to disclose HIV status of household members. Standard operating procedures and careful training were meant to protect data confidentiality and privacy of patients. In practice, things were messier and less clear. The narrative describes how this confidentiality breach occurred, what was done to ensure the participant was safe after the fact and ways to amend the breach on a systems level.

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Hopfinger, Joseph B., und Emily L. Parks. „Involuntary Attention“. In The Neuroscience of AttentionAttentional Control and Selection, 30–53. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195334364.003.0002.

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Eimer, M., D. Nattkemper, E. Schröger und W. Prinz. „Chapter 5 Involuntary attention“. In Handbook of Perception and Action, 155–84. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-5822(96)80022-3.

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McDonald, John J., Jennifer C. Whitman, Viola S. Störmer und Steven A. Hillyard. „Involuntary Cross-Modal Spatial Attention Influences Visual Perception“. In Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention, 82–94. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-398451-7.00007-5.

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„Voluntary and involuntary shifts of spatial attention during visual search“. In Visual Search 2, 335–46. CRC Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482272352-34.

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„Involuntary and Voluntary Attention by E.A.MILERIAN, Institute of Psychology, Kiev“. In Psychology in the Soviet Union Ils 272, 92–99. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203000243-9.

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Horder, Jeremy. „8. Homicide“. In Ashworth's Principles of Criminal Law, 245–314. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198777663.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses homicide offences. It covers in detail murder, defences to murder, and involuntary manslaughter. However, these traditional topics no longer cover the whole ground, as Parliament has created a number of new homicide offences in recent years. Accordingly, attention is paid to causing or allowing the death of a child or vulnerable adult, and causing death by driving. It concludes with a review of the structure of the law of homicide: is the current structure adequate, with murder at the top, and then manslaughter of different kinds beneath that, together with a hotchpotch of specialized homicide offences with varying degrees of gravity?

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Harrison, Paul, Philip Cowen, Tom Burns und Mina Fazel. „Ethics and civil law“. In Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 71–86. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198747437.003.0004.

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‘Ethics and civil law’ is concerned with the ways in which general ethical principles, relating to matters such as confidentiality, consent, and autonomy, are applied in the care of people with mental disorders. The chapter also covers the law as it applies to psychiatry in the United Kingdom. Ethical principles require extra careful attention in psychiatry because some patients lack capacity and because of the power of involuntary treatment. The ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and dignity are outlined with their inherent potential conflicts. The Mental Health Act for the detention of patients who are unable to recognize their need for treatment is also covered, as are some aspects of civil law that relate to the practice of psychiatry.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Involuntary attention"

Buzza, Joseph Eduardo Harbi, Rafael Lopez França und Rodrigo Rohlfs de Macedo. „The Interception of a Lost Leg in Brazilian Deep Waters“. In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31707-ms.

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Abstract Drilling from a tension leg wellhead platform (TLWP) to targets away from the slot creates several challenges and brings many operational risks that are not always easy to predict. The decision to reduce costs with dry completions, wellheads, and deep-water rig day-rates considerably increases drilling complexity. In this scenario, an involuntary sidetrack incident happened while circulating for hole cleaning below the casing shoe. This left a reservoir exposed in the mother well. This paper shows the decision-making process, the premises, and the directional work up to the interception of the original well. The BHAs used, drilling parameters, planned and actual well path will be discussed. The rotary steerable performance and settings while drilling to intercept the original well and the survey strategy receive special attention. Discussion about the BHA selection after the identification of the incidental sidetrack is also covered. Having an exposed reservoir made the required trajectory critical. It should be precise but also feasible, including the casing run thereafter. An additional reaming run smoothed the high local doglegs. The conclusion summarizes the complexity of this type of directional drilling operations and the estimated savings in one of the most challenging well drilled in Brazilian deep waters. There were multiple lessons learned from the operation that can help prevent the situation in future, and sharing this knowledge provides guidelines when facing a similar challenge.

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Akopov, Garnik V. „CONTEMPLATION: THE RATIO OF CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS“. In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact010.

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"In psychological science, the concept of contemplation is not included in the most important categories of psychology, such as activity, consciousness, personality. The dictionary meanings of the term “contemplation” are ambiguous. In psychology, in addition to the categorical analysis of contemplation (S.L. Rubinstein) and its attribution to fundamental concepts (A.V. Brushlinsky), there are also interpretations of contemplation, which are synonymous to intuition (A. Bergson) and meditation (V.F. Petrenko, Han F. De Wit), insight (preconceptual thinking - T.K. Rulina), mystical states (W. James, P.S. Gurevich). Contemplation, unlike intuition, meditation and insight, does not have a previous reportable history. In our studies, contemplation is considered as an unconscious mental phenomenon that exists in the forms of a process, state, and also the properties of an individual (contemplative personality). Not coinciding with the processes of attention, memory, perception, thinking, etc., contemplation, however, is activated on their basis. The difference lies in the uncontrollability of this process, since its contents are not presented to consciousness. Therefore, contemplation is also different from dreams, experiences, intentions and other internally substantive mental phenomena. Despite the fact that consciousness does not have access to the content of contemplation (access-consciousness), the process itself is realized by man. In this we see the difference between contemplation as unconscious activity and Freudian understanding of the unconscious. Other differences are: involuntary entry and random exit from the state of contemplation; emotional equipotentiality of contemplation, i.e. the invariability of the emotional background of contemplation from the beginning to the exit from it. In ontogenesis, contemplation is most clearly represented in infancy, in youth, and in old age, as well as during periods of age and other life crises. Reminiscences of students record the age range from 11 to 17 years as the most saturated with contemplation; least at the age of 6-8 years (L.S. Akopian). Contemplation as an unconscious activity periodically replaces purposeful activity, contributing to the maturation, correction, transformation of the person’s life meanings in their micro-, meso- and macro-macro dimensions. Contemplation also fulfills the function of partially liberating oneself from an excess of affairs, concerns, plans, aspirations, and other forms of conscious activity. The development of practice-oriented forms of actualization of contemplation will expand the range of psychotherapeutic methods."

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