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1
Животок, Е. В. „Investments and Investment Process“. Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7336.
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Rasmussen, Josefine. „The Investment Process for Capital Investments : The case of industrial energy-efficiency investments and non-energy benefits“. Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-126367.
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Capital investments play a crucial role for the business of every firm. In an industrial context, energy efficiency is an important means to meet future energy needs and in the same time reduce climate impact. In this thesis, the investment process for capital investments is therefore studied by addressing the case of industrial capital investments improving energy efficiency. The thesis specifically aims to illuminate how additional benefits, i.e. non-energy benefits, are and can be acknowledged in the investment process by applying an ex-ante perspective. The thesis holds the decision-making process as unit of analysis and aims to contribute with insights on firm level. Especially in an energy-efficiency context, such a process perspective has only been scarcely applied. The thesis is based on a literature review and two empirical studies. The literature review is the starting point of the thesis and reviews the literature on benefit concepts and investment behaviour of energy-efficiency investments. It is then followed by an explorative study in which thirteen industrial Swedish firms are interviewed on how they consider non-energy benefits. Investment motives and critical aspects for adopting energy-efficiency investments are also addressed. It also includes a questionnaire, distributed and collected during a networking event for energy-intensive firms within Swedish manufacturing industry. The second empirical study is a case study conducted at a Swedish pulp and paper firm. It aims to take a comprehensive perspective on the investment process as well as to analyse how and when non-energy benefits are acknowledged in the investment process. This case study approach enables participants at different levels in the organisation to be engaged in the study and new perspectives to be addressed. The results indicate a general investment process passing through the phases identification, development and selection. Investment motives, information, internal coordination and external actors appear as key aspects of the investment process. Energy-efficiency investments are primarily initiated due to cost-savings motives. However, the subsequent investment process appears as consistent for all investment categories; the investment process described here is thus not specific for energy-efficiency investments only. The results instead indicate an investment process influenced by investment size; it influences the extent to which information is collected and assessed before making the decision, i.e. level of procedural rationality, as well as how the investment project is coordinated within the firm. Last, suppliers are involved in the investment process to a large extent from an early stage. Regarding non-energy benefits, the results indicate that various benefits have been observed but far from all are acknowledged in the investment process. They are to a larger extent acknowledged for larger investments when more resources are devoted to the investment process. Quantifiable non-energy benefits improve the business case for energy-efficiency investments and non-energy benefits should thus be quantified to the extent possible. Yet, nonenergy benefits characterised by a lower level of quantifiability could still be important, such as benefits related to work environment, and should therefore be considered. However, the findings indicate a frequent use and reliance upon an investment manual, implicating a need for simplicity when addressing the additional benefits. This indicates that there should be an emphasis on a limited number of main benefits, rather than seeking to acknowledge all possible benefits.
3
Chasnyk, Y. M. „Investments“. Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45222.
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Zhang, Jian. „The impact of trade related investment measures in developing countries“. Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765888031&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1209144977&clientId=23440.
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Seif, El Din Ashraf. „Investment climate in Egypt as perceived by Egyptian and American investors“. Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262786280.
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Cheung, Wing-kit. „Foreign investment in the property industry in China /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25940272.
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Kübek, Cinna, und Ann Mårtensson. „Foreign Direct Investments : Swedish Corporations Investments in Brazil 1990-2005“. Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Accounting and Finance, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-419.
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Foreign direct investments are easier today then in the past owing to lower communication costs, improved and new information technology systems. In 1990, Brazil opened up for the global econ-omy and is today one of the tenth largest economies in the world, furthermore one of the largest recipients of foreign direct investments. Many different aspects need to be taken into consideration when investing in a foreign country such as motives, risks, entry modes and financing alternatives.
The purpose with this thesis is to describe Swedish corporations’ es-tablishment in Brazil, during 1990-2005. The authors aim to illus-trate the motives behind the establishment, choice of entry mode, the perceived risks of operating in Brazil and if these risks affect the financing decisions.
To answer the purpose of this thesis both quantitative- and qualitative methods have been applied. A quantitative method has been employed when performing the preliminary study, by sending a standardized questionnaire by email to the entire population to as-semble those corporations who established in Brazil during 1990-2005. When designing the interview questionnaire and accomplishing the telephone interviews a combination of qualitative- and quantitative methods have been utilized.
The most common motives to invest in Brazil are expanding markets and following already existing customers. When deciding upon how to enter the market, the majority of the respondents choose to start up from the ground, a Greenfield investment. The risks which had the largest impact of the corporation during the establishment were the political risk and protectionism. Intercompany financing has been the main financing alternative, though it is very expensive to borrow in Brazil. The risks affecting the financing decisions are the exchange rate, inflation and the interest rate.
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Tsai, Pan-long. „Investment from abroad and national welfare“. Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261417909.
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Pleis, Letitia Meier Mayper Alan G. „Investment decisions influence of an internet stock message board /“. [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5130.
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Dannhauser, Caitlin Dillon. „Essays in Investments“. Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104365.
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Thesis advisor: Jeffrey PontiffThe first essay of this dissertation studies the effect of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) on the yields and liquidity of the underlying corporate bonds. I find that ETFs lower the yield, have an insignificant or negative impact on the liquidity, and decrease the retail volume of constituent bonds. Overall, these results support theoretical predications that basket securities entice liquidity traders to exit the underlying market. The second essay analyzes the role of ETFs in mutual fund families and is joint work with Harold Spilker. We study mutual fund and ETF twins - index funds from the same family that follow the same benchmark. Mutual fund twins are shown to have lower tax burdens, long-term capital gains yields, and unrealized capital gains. Conversely, ETF twins have higher long-term yields and unrealized capital gains, but are compensated with lower expense ratios. Fund families benefit because twin offerings generate higher flows than their non-twin peers. These results support previous research that mutual fund families use diversification and subsidization to benefit the overall family. The third essay provides academics with a detailed understanding of the history, structure, regulation, and prospects of ETFs. The essay documents that the growth of index investing can largely be attributed to ETFs. The information and nuances discussed provide a baseline for developing future research questions and data
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management
Discipline: Finance
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Engenheiro, Rodrigo Pereira. „Liability-driven investments“. Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20989.
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Mestrado em Mathematical FinanceDiversas crises financeiras tiveram sobre os fundos de pensões efeitos de decréscimo do valor dos ativos, redução do funding level e, por vezes, necessidade de contribuições adicionais por parte do sponsor ou de intervenção de organismos regulatórios. No ambiente descrito, fundos de pensões cuja estratégia de investimento passa apenas pela diversificação dos ativos parecem condenados a fracassar no longo-prazo, apesar de este continuar a ser um princípio financeiro basilar. É como resposta a este contexto que surgem os Liability-Driven Investments, estratégias especialmente preparadas para proteger os fundos de pensões de fatores de risco como como o risco de taxa de juro. Neste trabalho, apresentam-se quatro modelos pertencentes a essa categoria e comparam-se os resultados por eles produzidos. Os modelos são o Modelo Tradicional de Duração, o Modelo Vetorial de Duração, o Modelo de Duração Key-Rate e o Modelo de Duração da Componente Principal. Todos os modelos mostram um bom desempenho na reprodução da trajetória das responsabilidades, mas o Modelo de Duração Key-Rate destaca-se pelo facto de ter necessitado de menos contribuições para atingir um funding level mais elevado.
Pension schemes suffered from the same effects in various financial crisis. These effects were the reduction of the value of assets, the reduction of the funding level and, sometimes, the necessity for additional contributions from sponsor or for intervention from regulatory organisms. In the described environment, pension schemes whose investment strategy is based only on asset diversification are condemned to fail in the long-term, even considering that this is a valuable financial principle. Liability-Driven Investments appear as an answer to this context. These are strategies prepared to protect pension schemes from risk factors like interest rate risk. In this work, the author presents four models from this category and compares the results produced by them. The models are Traditional Duration Model, Duration Vector Model, Key-Rate Duration Model and Principal Component Duration Model. Each model shows a good performance on following the liabilities path, but the Key-Rate Duration Model stands out by the fact that it needed less contributions in order to achieve a higher funding level.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Freeman, Michelle. „Accounting for Investments“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6428.
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Farrell, Michael. „ESSAYS ON INVESTMENTS“. UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/finance_etds/11.
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The first chapter studies mutual funds. I model intraquarter trading and use a genetic algorithm to estimate the trade pattern that is most consistent with the fund's daily reported returns. I validate the model empirically on a sample of institutional trades from Ancerno and I confirm that the method more accurately predicts daily holdings when compared to existing naive assumptions. Further, my method is substantially more accurate in classifying a fund's tendency to supply liquidity, and this increased precision has important implications for identifying superior performing funds. Specifically, a long-short strategy based on the model's liquidity provision measures earns significant abnormal returns, while a similar strategy that relies on quarterly holdings does not exhibit any outperformance. The second chapter studies investment research. We find evidence that crowdsourced investment research facilitates informed trading by retail investors and improves firm liquidity. Specifically, retail order imbalances are strongly correlated with the sentiment of Seeking Alpha articles, and the ability of retail order imbalances to predict returns is roughly twice as large on research article days. In addition, firms with exogenous reductions in Seeking Alpha coverage experience increases in bid-ask spreads and price impact, with the effect being stronger for firms with high retail ownership. Our findings suggest that technological innovations have helped democratize access to investment research with important implications for firm liquidity.
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Wong, Victor (Siew Howe). „The Effect on Portfolio Performance of Diversification into Socially Responsible Investments: Evidence from an Australian context“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365432.
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Socially responsible investment (SRI) has grown significantly in the last ten years.
Many international organizations have become increasingly involved in the movement
towards SRI. The move towards SRI investing is being driven by institutions such as the
United Nations Principles for Responsible Investing whose membership of financial
institutions, including asset owners and institutional investors, holds assets totalling
US$13 trillion. This growth was promoted further by the 2006 launch of the Principles
for Responsible Investment (PRI), with an agreement by leading pension funds, asset
managers and consultants to develop new strategies to embed environmental, social and
governance issues (ESG-issues). The tremendous growth has caught the attention of
investors and fund managers that are seeking alternative assets and markets to improve
their portfolio performance. There are claims, based on recent evidence, that SRI can
provide investors’ portfolios with better returns. The thesis aims to investigate this
claim.
The thesis examines the effect of diversifying into SRI in terms of risks and returns
from the perspective of an Australian investor, on the performance of a portfolio
consisting of stocks and bonds. In examining this aim, the thesis first identifies and
evaluates the performance of the optimal SRI portfolio which consists of Australian and
international SRI assets. Subsequently, the thesis constructs an optimal portfolio
consisting of stocks, bonds and SRI based on the identified SRI portfolio, whose
performance is then examined. In pursuit of the objective, the thesis conducts three
interconnected studies. Firstly, an analysis of the inter-linkages between the Australian
and other SRI markets worldwide. Secondly, an examination of the impact of
international diversification on the performance of SRI portfolios based on an
Australian perspective. Thirdly, an investigation of the impact of diversification into
SRI assets on the performance of a portfolio of stocks and bonds.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
Full Text
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Яковенко, Р. В., R. Yakovenko, В. В. Паливода und V. Palyvoda. „Стан інвестування в Україні“. Thesis, Praha : Publishing House „Education and Science” s.r.o, 2011. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/6506.
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У тезах розкрито сутність та види інвестицій, проаналізовано обсяги прямих іноземних інвестицій за країнами-інвесторами та обсяг капітальних інвестицій за регіонами
The theses reveal the essence and types of investments, analyze the volumes of foreign direct investment by investor countries and the volume of capital investments by regions
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Яковенко, Р. В., R. Yakovenko, В. Ю. Cоловйова und V. Solovyova. „Шляхи розв’язання актуальних проблем інвестування в Україні“. Thesis, м. Ірпінь : Університет ДФСУ, 2016. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/6564.
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У тезах розкрито сутність та види інвестицій, визначено їх роль у зростанні обсягів виробництва, визначено найважливіші напрямки підвищення інвестиційної привабливості
The theses reveal the essence and types of investments, determine their role in the growth of production volumes, define the most important directions of increase of the investment attractiveness
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Usenko, A. V. „Alternative investment as a Tool of Risk Diversification in international Business: SWAG investments“. Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75551.
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У роботі досліджено функціонування сучасного ринку альтернативних інвестицій, зокрема інвестицій SWAG. Проведений аналіз основних показників альтернативних активів SWAG. Основною метою цього дослідження є розробка рекомендацій щодо вдосконалення інвестиційного портфеля інвестора у частині нетрадиційних реальних активів, зокрема активів SWAG.The master’s thesis focuses on the functioning of the modern alternative investment market, in particular SWAG investments. The analysis of the main indicators of alternative SWAG assets was conducted. The main aim of this research is to develop practical recommendations for improving the investor’s investment portfolio in terms of unconventional real assets, in particular SWAG assets.
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Small, Rachel. „Alternative investments in social projects why grant-makers participate in program-related investment /“. CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/6985.
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Novak, K. S. „Investment instrumentation in economic development stimulating“. Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76279.
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The theoretical bases of investment policy formation are considered in the paper, indicators of economic development are determined. The essence of the investment policy and the policy of attracting foreign investments are also disclosed. The current state of investment activity in Ukraine in regional and sectoral context is analyzed, as well as an assessment of the dynamics of foreign direct investment. The macroeconomic indicators of investment activity are estimated. Problems and prospects of investment activity in Ukraine are investigated.
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Reiter, Sandra L. „The institutions of foreign direct investment in developing countries and social/economic outcomes : a justice perspective /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8708.
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Bidewell, John. „Decision making in personal investment /“. Connect to full text, 2003. http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/adt/public_html/adt-NU/public/adt-NU20031219.140243/index.html.
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Bidewell, John W. „Decision making in personal investment“. Connect to full text, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/517.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2003.Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 29, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Psychology, Faculty of Science. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Arquint, Seraina. „Investments in Distressed Securities“. St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01648310002/$FILE/01648310002.pdf.
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Hong, Xin. „THREE ESSAYS ON INVESTMENTS“. UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/finance_etds/2.
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This dissertation consists of three essays on investments. The first essay examines the incidence, determinants, and consequences of hedge fund share restriction changes. This paper finds that nearly one in five hedge funds change their share restrictions (e.g., lockup) over the period of 2007-2012. Share restriction changes are not random. Fund’s asset illiquidity, liquidity risk, and performance are related to share restriction changes. A hazard model indicates that funds who actively manage liquidity concerns live longer by adjusting share restrictions. The paper examines whether changes in share restrictions create an endogeneity bias in the share illiquidity premium (Aragon, 2007) and find that 18% of the premium can be explained by the dynamic nature of contract changes.
The second essay examines why mutual funds appear to underperform hedge funds. Utilizing a unique panel of mutual fund contracts changes, this paper explores several possible channels, including: alternative investment practices (e.g., short sales and leverage), performance-based compensation, and the ability to restrict the funding risk of fund flows. This paper documents that over our sample period, mutual funds were more likely to shift their contracting environment closer to that of hedge funds. However, this shift provided no benefit to mutual funds and the paper finds no causal link between these contract changes and improvements in performance. Rather, this paper casts doubt on the binding nature of investment restrictions in the mutual fund industry.
The third essay examines whether the 52-week high effect (George and Hwang, 2004) can be explained by risk factors. The paper finds that it is more consistent with investor underreaction caused by anchoring bias: the presumably more sophisticated institutional investors suffer less from this bias and buy (sell) stocks close to (far from) their 52-week highs. Further, the effect is mainly driven by investor underreaction to industry instead of firm-specific information. The 52-week high strategy works best among stocks whose values are more affected by industry factors. The 52-week high strategy based on industry measurement is more profitable than the one based on idiosyncratic measurement.
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SOARES, LEONARDO BRAGA. „POWER GENERATION INVESTMENTS SELECTION“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11951@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A reestruturação do setor de energia elétrica, iniciada nos anos 90, teve como uma de suas principais implicações a introdução da competição na atividade de geração. A expansão do parque gerador, necessária para garantir o equilíbrio estrutural entre oferta e demanda, é estimulada por contratos de longo prazo negociados em leilões, na modalidade de menor tarifa. Destarte, o investidor deve oferecer um limite de preço para que o seu projeto seja competitivo (de forma a ganhar a licitação), mas que ao mesmo tempo seja suficiente para remunerar seu investimento, custos de operação e, sobretudo, protegê-lo contra todos os riscos intrínsecos ao projeto. Nesse contexto, as duas principais contribuições do presente trabalho são: (i) a proposição de uma metodologia de precificação de riscos, utilizando o critério do Value at Risk (VaR), que indica a máxima perda admitida pelo invetidor avesso a risco, com um determinado nível de confiança, e (ii) a aplicação de diferentes modelos de seleção de carteiras, que incorporam o critério do VaR para otimizar um portfolio com diferentes tecnologias de geração de energia. Os resultados da precificação de riscos são úteis para determinar os componentes críticos do projeto e calcular a competitividade (preço) de cada tecnologia. A aplicação de diferentes métodos de seleção de carteiras busca determinar o modelo mais indicado para o perfil das distribuições de retorno dos projetos de geração, que apresentam assimetria e curtose elevada (caldas pesadas).
The new structure of the brazilian electric sector, consolidated by the end of the 90s main implication the introduction of competition in the power generation activity. The expansion of generation capacity, responsible to ensure structural equilibrium between supply and demand, is stimulated by long-term contracts negotiated through energy auctions. Therefore, the investor must give a competitive price (in order to win the auction), but also sufficient to pay his investment, operational costs and, especially, protect him against all project risks. In this role, the two main contributions of this work are: (i) to suggest a methodology of risk pricing, using the Value at Risk (VaR) criterium, which gives the maximum loss admitted by the risk averse investor, with a specified confidence level, and (ii) to apply different portfolio selection models, which incorporates the VaR criterium to optimize a portfolio with different power generation technologies. The risk pricing results are usefull to determine the project critical components and to calculate the competitiviness (price) of each technology. The study of different portfolio selection methods aims to investigate the most suitable model for the return distribution shape, characterized by having assimetry and curtosis (heavy tails).
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Yang, Y. „Essays in quantitative investments“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3021457/.
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This thesis studies the characteristics of Chinese futures markets and the quantitative investment strategies. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the performance of quantitative investment strategies in the Chinese market. Furthermore, with an econometric analysis, the stylised facts of the Chinese futures markets are documented. Extensive backtesting results on the performance of momentum, reversal and pairs trading type strategies are provided. In the case of pairs trading type strategies, risk and return relationship is characterised by the length of the maximum holding periods, and thus re ected in the maximum drawdown risk. In line with the increasing holding periods, the pro tability of pairs trading increases over longer holding periods. Therefore, the abnormal returns from pairs trading in the Chinese futures market do not necessarily re ect market ine ciency. Momentum and reversal strategies are compared by employing both high- and low-frequency time series with precise estimation of transaction costs. The comparison of momentum and reversal investment strategies at the intra- and inter-day scales displays that the portfolio rebalancing frequency signi cantly impacts the pro tability of such strategies. Complementarily, the excess returns of inter-day momentum trading with the inclusion of precise estimates of transaction costs re ect that quantitative investment strategies consistently produce abnormal pro ts in the Chinese commodity futures markets. However, from a risk-adjusted view, the returns are obtained only by bearing additional drawdown risks. Finally, this thesis suggests that investor should choose quantitative trading strategies according to the investment horizon, tolerance for maximum drawdown and portfolio rebalancing costs.
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Liu, Shijie. „Tax effects on investments“. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3361.
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This doctoral thesis investigates empirically and theoretically the effect of tax on the composition of the optimal allocation of wealth to risky assets from various points of view. The first empirical chapter considers the effect of tax on a U.K. personal investor targeting domestic financial products. This research helps investors estimate the impact of a future tax change and maximize their portfolio return using a newly proposed optimization model and solution method. Following Bonami and Lejeune (2009), personal portfolios are constrained to meet or exceed a prescribed return threshold with a high confidence level and satisfy buy-in threshold and diversification constraints. Their model is improved by incorporating complex tax trading rules with withdrawal features that enhance those considered by Osorio et al. (2004, 2008). A solution based on Greedy methods is developed to deal with the proposed large-scale portfolio optimization problem. The empirical results report substantial non-linear tax effects on riskier assets and enhanced effects of withdrawal tax only when tax rates are high. The developed framework better enables investors to react to tax changes, and tax policy makers to quantify the influence of tax changes on private investment preferences. The second empirical chapter investigates the effect of an international transaction tax, the so-called ‘Tobin tax’, from the point of view of U.K., U.S., and E.U. personal investors targeting international financial products. This empirical research helps the policy maker to estimate the impact of Tobin tax on international capital flows and, therefore, assess the optimal way to introduce the new tax. An optimization model is proposed to maximize the expected net Sharpe ratio and find the optimal risky portfolio internationally. Complex trading and tax rules are considered. To examine the precise effects of different investment and transaction tax rules, a comparison of four tax settings is presented: source only, residence only, mixed with credit and mixed with double taxation. The experimental results show that a source only tax union has more capital transits in international markets than a residence only tax union, and its optimal market portfolio is more sensitive to regional tax policy. In a mixed tax system, double taxation between residence- and source-taxed markets significantly reduces the attraction of the latter while its attraction is maintained with the credit method. Tobin tax can reduce the volatility of the market but the effect varies with tax rate, certain market specifications (e.g., expected returns and correlations with overseas markets) and investment tax rules. It does not depend on which side of the capital flow (inflow or outflow) is subject to Tobin tax. Finally, an agreement among countries to produce a consistent Tobin tax rate globally can significantly reduce the negative effect of Tobin tax on capital flows while retaining its positive effect on market stability in comparison to heterogeneous Tobin tax rates. Finally, the third analytical chapter investigates theoretically the effect of tax from the point of view of an arbitrageur. This theoretical research addresses the condition of the existence of arbitrage opportunities on an after-tax basis, helping the policy maker improve the fairness and efficiency of markets by addressing effective tax policy. To track tax arbitrage, continuous time optimization models are developed with heterogeneous taxation between investors programmed with continuous rather than static income and capital gains (or losses). It is proved analytically that arbitrage opportunities exist for both perfectly correlated and non-perfectly correlated assets. For perfectly correlated assets, the analysis shows that tax arbitrage may exist, with the investor’s top tax rate and some static asset parameters determining the existence of arbitrage opportunities. It is also proved that many of the equilibria obtained under income tax only are not optimal if investors are also subject to capital gains tax. For non-perfectly correlated assets, however, it is the market prices of cap and floor options on asset returns that decide the existence of tax arbitrage. In the government fixed income bond market, tax arbitrage between investors is difficult to eliminate unless investors are all subject to the same tax rates. But the return from this arbitrage can be limited if the government applies the same top tax rate to all investors.
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Möller, Eva, und Samuel Öquist. „Investing for a sustainable future : drivers and barriers for sustanable venture capital investement decisions“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388409.
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Venture Capital can play a key role for our future by placing their capital in sustainable investments. They have the capacity to fuel new ventures, sprung from ideas on how to solve the sustainability challenges we face today. In this paper we research the drivers and barriers for sustainable venture capital investment decisions. Our findings show that increased knowledge on sustainability issues is affecting the general public opinion, policies and governance and the way we choose to live, consume and do business. This in turn increases the market potential for sustainable businesses. Therefore, sustainable investments are more and more considered as a good investment, not only in regard to social and ecological aspects but also financial returns. A model with our findings showing the drivers and barriers for sustainable venture capital investment decisions will be presented aiming encourage and push toward a more sustainable future.
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Hoepner, Andreas G. F. „Essays on responsible investment, research output analyses and investment performance evaluation“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2130.
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This thesis includes four essays, of which each comprises two original contributions. Based on this thesis’ eight contributions, we add knowledge or understanding to the literatures on responsible investment, research output analyses and investment performance evaluation. First, we develop the first generic, reliable approach to benchmark research area output (e.g. journal articles or books), which we expect to appeal to governments’ increasing interest in monitoring their research funding investments. Second, we apply this approach to the research area of responsible investment, which is currently backed by an about $ 7 trillion industry. We find that the (quality weighted) quantity of responsible investment’s research output is statistically significantly under-proportional compared with peer research areas. One of several explanations for this result lies in the intransparency of the current responsible investment literature. Third, we develop an approach to research synthesis, which improves a research area’s transparency without experiencing many weaknesses of conventional literature reviews. We title this approach Influential Literature Analysis (ILA). Fourth, we apply ILA to the relatively intransparent responsible investment literature. One of our many findings is that responsible assets with their ceteris paribus under-proportional total risk might appear artificially unattractive when assessed by the most common investment performance measure, the Sharpe ratio, which is biased in favour of high risk assets due to its currently unsolved negative excess return problem. Fifth, we develop a generic, reliable and robust solution to the negative Sharpe ratio problem, which investors can customise according to their specific increasing incremental disutility of risk functions. Six, we generalise our solution to the negative Sharpe ratio problem, which allows us to solve the negative (excess) return problems of over twenty other investment performance measures. Seventh, we develop independent, statistically sophisticated tests of the sufficiency and quality of suggested solutions to the negative Sharpe ratio problem, since all existing tests a-priori assume the superiority of a specific solution. In contrast, our tests are only based on the Sharpe ratio itself and two basic axioms of investment theory. Hence, they are conceptually unrelated to our solutions. Eighth, we apply these tests using two different data samples to all existing solutions to the negative Sharpe ratio problem. We find that investors are best advised to use our solutions, the H⁶-, H⁷- or H⁸-measure, in their evaluation of investment performance from a Sharpe ratio like perspective.
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Wai, Chi-man Raymond. „Hong Kong's complementary role for foreign investors and traders doing business with China /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1987215X.
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von, Essen Göran, und Oscar Rosdahl. „Do appropriations stimulate investments? A study of the relationship between appropriations and investments“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160581.
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Investments are necessary for firms in order to stay competitive and grow(Klammer et al., 1991). For funding investments retained earnings have shown to be important in the Scandinavian context (Eklund, 2010), hence an improved cash flow to fund investments would be of importance. By deferring taxes cash flow could be improved. Furthermore, research has shown accelerated depreciation can stimulate investments (Polzin et al., 2018; Ackermann et al., 2016; House & Shapiro, 2008). In this study the Swedish GAAP is investigated and if its possibilities of deferring taxes by using appropriations stimulates investments. We study appropriations, an income statement account which includes accelerated depreciation and tax allocation reserves. Appropriations are no real revenues or costs but actually only accounting transactions in order to steer the before tax income in a desired direction. The aforementioned studies indicatethat accelerated depreciation stimulates investments and the importance of internal funds. Wetherefore hypothesise appropriations should stimulate investments in the companies and that thiseffect is especially strong in manufacturing companies as these have large assets. Therefore,two models were tested, one with all companies in our sample and a subsample of manufacturing firms. The study uses a sample of the 215 largest non-listed companies in Sweden using five years of accounting data, for the period 2013 to 2017. From this sample a subsample of 59 manufacturing firms was drawn. Investments were measured as the negative cash flow from the investment activities on the cash flow statement.Appropriations are taken directly from the income statement. Aside from the main variables in the study, 12 control variables were included to improve the models. In order to make the study more valid the constructed models were based on previous researchperformed by (Eklund, 2010; Gugler et al., 2004). A regression analysis was made for carrying out the analysis. The results indicate from the general model show a significant relationship between appropriations and investments made by firms. The model had an R-square of 0,1836 which indicates it can explain 18,36 percent of the variation in investments. However, the second model tested regarding the relationship between investments and appropriations for manufacturing firms did not prove significant. The conclusions drawn from the study is that there is a relationship between appropriations and investments in the firms in general, but nothing specific can be said about manufacturing companies.
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Ahlvar, Mathias, und Fredrik Berg. „Investment companies as an investment – Could a person without experience from investments bee helped by the active ownership of investment companies?“ Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152601.
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In this essay we have been studying the development of investment companies that is traded at Mid Cap and Large Cap at the Stockholm stock market. We took out five investment companies at random from the mentioned markets above. We used these companies as benchmarking for the study. To measure the development we looked at the change in the stock price and the total yield over the given time period, we then compared these to three random portfolios of 8 stocks each and the index called Six-Return index. All the companies in the random portfolios have another type of owner structure and lack Investment Company as a big owner. Those companies have a more divided ownership. In the essay we also look at the yield with consideration to the risk that is taken in the given investment in forms of Sharpe ratio and standard deviation for each portfolio. To get some extra insight we have interviewed Investor AB and Investment AB Latour. Both companies are leading investment companies in Sweden. The time period for the essay is 10 years and is stretching from 2004-01-01 until 2014-01-01. The results from the paper are that investment companies in general had a higher yield then the index and portfolios that was used as comparison. The results for the investment companies are better in terms of change in stock price and in yield but also with the consideration of the risk. The explanation of the results lies in several variables where the active ownership of the investment companies is the major part of the explanation and net asset discount together with the high dividend is another part. With these result investment companies is supposedly a very good investment for t hose that can’t beat the market, which would mean a great deal of all investors.I denna uppsats studeras utvecklingen hos investmentbolag som handlas via Stockholmsbörsen på Mid Cap och Large Cap. Fem investmentbolag slumpades fram ifrån dessa listor och har sedan använts som jämförelsebolag. För att mäta deras utveckling har vi studerat kursförändringen samt totalavkastningen och jämfört dessa med slumpmässiga portföljer samt SIX Return index. De slumpmässiga portföljerna består av bolag utan något investmentbolag som större huvudägare. Detta resulterar i att de flesta bolagen i slumpportföljerna har ett mer splittrat ägande. I uppsatsen undersöker vi även avkastningen med hänsyn till risk i form av Sharpekvoter och standardavvikelse för varje portfölj. För att få en extra insyn i investmentbolagen har vi intervjuat Investor AB samt Investment AB Latour som är två ledande investmentbolag i Sverige. Studien tittar på en tidsperiod om 10 år mellan 2004-01-01 och 2014- 01-01. Det resultat som framkommit under studien är att investmentbolagen generellt sett har avkastat bättre än sina finansiella jämförelseobjekt. Detta med avseende på kursförändring och totalavkastning men även med hänsyn till risk. Förklaringen till detta ligger i ett antal variabler där investmentbolagens aktiva ägande är den största orsaken och substansrabatten i kombination med hög utdelning är ytterligare en orsak. Detta innebär att en portfölj med investmentbolag är en väldigt bra sparform överlag men framförallt för den som vill spara i aktier men saknar förkunskaper.
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Siegmann, Till. „The Impact of Bilateral Investment Treaties and Double Taxation Treaties on Foreign Direct Investments“. St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02218667001/$FILE/02218667001.pdf.
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Schink, Steffen. „Optimization of investment promotion tools for Portugal: specific recommendations to attract investments from Germany“. Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11809.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsAttracting foreign direct investments (FDI) is an important objective as it can stimulate the economic development of societies. German companies are among the largest investors in Portugal and contribute significantly to the country’s value creation. However, Portugal’s attractiveness as an investment location has been decreasing in recent years as new competitors have emerged in the global economy. This report analyzes FDI trends and determinants as well as Portugal’s relative strengths and weaknesses, identifies potential investment opportunities for German investors and makes practical suggestions to improve the country’s current investment promotion activities, focusing in particular on the automotive supplier industry.
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Santos-Pinto, Luís. „Positive self image and asymmetries in information processing : existence and implications for economic analysis /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3130207.
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Joffrion, Justin Louis. „Determinants of foreign direct investment entry into China“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30560.
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Qasim, Amer. „The use of the internet as an investor relations tool : the case of Jordan“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=114451.
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This research extends our understanding of disclosure on the internet by considering a different research setting, namely Jordon. Two main objectives were addressed in this thesis; (1) to explore online status of listed companies and the extent to which websites are utilized to disclose IR-related information, and (2) to investigate factors influencing companies to have websites and to disclose IR information. The first objective involved a survey analysis in 2007. This showed that out of the 187 companies included in the survey, only 105 had active websites. A web-based scoring sheet was used to assess the level to which websites are utilized as an investor relations tool. Results revealed that websites are generally used to disseminate historical financial information that usually appears in paper based annual reports. The second objective of the study was approached through a mixed method paradigm, which employed quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative analysis showed that only two variables were found significant in predicting online presence; size and sector. On the other hand, the extent of web-based IR disclosure is positively significant with size, governmental ownership, institutional ownership, number of shareholders, and Banks. In addition it was found that this usage is significant and negative with company age. Semi-structured interviews with companies and market regulators were also carried out to investigate motivations and influences of online reporting. Interviewees explained that the decision to have an online presence was motivated by a desire to enhance company’s image and reputation, although the decision itself was often triggered by the decision to enter new, non-Jordanian markets. Moreover, the existence of international activities with other companies as well as merging with other international companies affected the way a company uses its website or how it updates and restructures the website’s components. In addition, management’s flexibility in facilitating the process of adopting new technologies was also pointed out by some interviewees as a factor affecting the level to which a company uses its website in general as well as for its IR activities in particular.
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張永傑 und Wing-kit Cheung. „Foreign investment in the property industry in China“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257069.
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Choi, Nicole Yunjeong. „Institutional investors and financial statement analysis“. Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/N_Choi_041709.pdf.
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Chiang, Wing-lang Roger. „A comparative study of the investment characteristics of real estate and other financial assets in Hong Kong /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25939919.
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Knutsson, William, und David Ekeroth. „Black Swan Investments : How to manage your investments when the market is in distress“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97709.
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This study examines how investors can take advantage of Black Swan events by applying an investment strategy that involves investing in stocks that have performed badly during Black Swan events. The stocks are chosen from and compared to the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index. The purpose is to find out if the investment strategy has had a higher return than the benchmark index DJIA. The results show that the investment strategy outperforms the DJIA by 111% between the years 2000 to 2020, however, the results show no statistical significance. Beta is used as risk measurement to explain the correlation between the portfolios and the benchmark index by calculating CAPM. Standard deviation is used to calculate the Sharpe ratio and thereby assess a risk-adjusted result.
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Glowinski, Lars. „International Arbitration - protection of foreign direct investments and foreign investment dispute settlement under ICSID and the bilateral investment treaties“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4622.
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This thesis shall represent the arbitration regime under the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) in connection with protection mechanism of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). It shall analyse the achievements of ICSID and BITs and their influence of foreign direct investments, investors and the host country. Finally, this thesis will try to assess the achievements in this area and discuss advantages or disadvantages for the involved parties. Individuals and corporations are interested in foreign direct investments (FDI) to exploit new markets, to realize or to sell business ideas, and to raise their market value or personal wealth. Under an economical point of view, money or investments always found its way to the most efficient places on earth which were able to be reached in any century to produce a better or the same product or service for a better price. The raising of profit margins was the driving force to explore new markets; also foreign governments tried to attract investors from all over the world to create new jobs and import new technology for their economies to raise the capacity to compete on an international level. In the early nineteenth century the prevalent form of foreign direct investment was that carried out through loans and government bonds. In contrast, modern foreign investment is more characterized by direct investment on the spot: the building of infrastructure, like railroads or telephone networks, and the establishment of joint-ventures in the car industry, to name but two examples. Investment abroad also means to play in a new and unknown playground. Investors have to place their money in a foreign environment under different laws, different rights and duties, and with unknown future protection of their investments. This makes foreign direct investments an uncertain game, and uncertainty did always keep investors from direct investments in a foreign and unknown country. Furthermore, not only the unknown environment is an investment obstacle, investors also were faced with problems with governments in the foreign market. First foreign governments promoted foreign direct investments to raise their economic power. Large infrastructure projects had an important effect on the countries where they were constructed: they were the basis for a faster growing economy. Later the same governments or new political powers changed government positions regarding foreign investment and they restricted investment related money transfers of investors out of the investment area or they initiated measures and laws to expropriate the property of investors without financial compensation. The big infrastructure investments were seen as a necessity for the welfare of the citizens and as a security of the host state. Many host countries felt that these projects should be controlled by the government and not by foreigners. The treatment of aliens by governments was, and still is, dependent on political theories and influences. A change of the investment climate, the "political risk", can be a huge uncertainty for foreign direct investments. Every investor has to ensure that the investment is lucrative and that he has the possibility to reduce risks and cost in case of changes of the investment climate. In the past foreign investors had no direct way to enforce investments claims against a foreign state for its sovereign acts or for breach of customary international law. Instead, investors had to rely upon their own government taking up the claim on their behalf and try to solve the dispute by diplomatic measures. This dependence on others was inconvenient and unpredictable, and therefore dissatisfying for alien investors. The settlement of foreign investment disputes in the past was a question of political influence and economic power. Individuals or corporations had to influence their governments to take up their case on the state's behalf. This was only possible for very important and influential investors. The investor's state then sent warships to threaten the offending state until reparations were paid. This "gunboat diplomacy" was exercised frequently by European powers until the early twentieth century, for example when faced with Venezuela's default on its sovereign debt in 1902, the governments of Great Britain, Germany and Italy sent warships to the Venezuelan coast to demand reparation for the losses incurred by their nationals. The need for security and predictability for foreign investments was one of the main reasons to establish diplomatic relations with other states. Various ideas from the point of view of money receiving and money spending states were discussed and realized, from the Calvo doctrine - where contracts between the host state and foreign investors included an agreement in which the latter agreed to confine himself to the available local remedies without relying on diplomatic interference of his own state - to the principle of diplomatic protection - where a state espouses the claim of its nationals as a claim on its own behalf. With the Second International Peace Conference of The Hague in 1907, states agreed to a framework for the conclusion of bilateral arbitration treaties which were the basis for independent arbitration tribunals in case of a dispute between two states arising out of particular interests of its national investors. The right of diplomatic protection as mentioned above was still inadequate to promote foreign investments: the Latin American countries relied upon the Calvo Doctrine, which denied the possibility of interference under diplomatic protection principle. Also, the breach of investment treaties by states was still not sanctioned by public international law. Only expropriation was recognised quite early as a possibility for diplomatic protection claims. Furthermore diplomatic protection was only accessible for nationals of the claiming state. Questions arose what happens if transnational corporations claim protection? The obstacle for investors to convince their government to claim diplomatic protection for its nationals was very high and unpredictable to foresee. Also a claim against the home state to exercise diplomatic protection does not exist. Today, in our small world, where businesses are moved from the United States to India, industrial production is transferred from Europe to China, or new infrastructure projects are started in Central Africa, one cannot imagine international business without FDI. Foreign direct investments need security, investors need security. Security is necessary to promote foreign investment which is recognized as one of the driving forces in supporting development in developing and least developed countries. Investors want to know their rights regarding their investments and they want to enforce their rights directly in a fast and cost-effective way. The need for protection is the reason for various measures introduced by governments to secure investments. In the following the system of foreign dispute settlement under the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) in combination with Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) shall be highlighted. The ICSID is the result of the investor insecurity mentioned above. ICSID shall also support FDI in the developing countries. The focus shall be on the increased interest for BITs and the therefore increased interest in ICSID arbitrations. Why do states use BITs? Did the establishment of a neutral venue for investment dispute settlement reach its goal to depoliticise disputes? Is it used by investors, and what is protected? Do BITs play an important role in the system of dispute settlement and why? And how do they work together with the ISCID system?
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Hallikainen, Petri. „Evaluation of information system investments /“. Helsinki : Helsinki School of Economics, 2003. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00085003.pdf.
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Andersson, Karin. „Housing Investments and Economic Growth“. Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5975.
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This paper examines the relationship between housing investments and economic growth. Through a literature review five different hypotheses are analysed to examine the effects of housing investments on economic growth. The studied effects include; direct effects, counter-cyclical effects, price effects and productivity effects through reduced mismatch between housing and labour markets, and finally effects on the productivity of workers. The conclusion is that the direct effects are only short term and the existence of counter-cyclical effects is doubtful. For the price effects and the effects on productivity there are less empirical evidence, but the effects are still considered significant. Keywords: housing investments, new construction, economic growth, effects 2
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Svavarsson, Daniel. „Evaluation of IT platform investments /“. Göteborg : Företagsekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögskolan, 2005. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/archive/00003915/01/Svavarsson%2C%5FAMCIS.pdf.
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LU, CHAO, BO YUAN und MANHENG WANG. „Savings, Investments and Growth Rates“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-23428.
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Aims: In this article, we will apply the multinational view to explore the relationships between saving, investment and economic growth. We will explore the dynamic relationship among these three factors from the empirical perspective. We are going to compare the mutual influence among these three factors and try to figure out the dynamic correlation. And find out the factors that influence economic growth the most in the short run and long run respectively. Method: For the research purpose and the contents, our article applies several methods such as literature research, quantitative research, comprehensive analysis and logical induction and comparison research. We separate two parts to analysis. In the first part we will use the stepwise regression method to prove our five assumptions and through path analysis to calculate path coefficient. In order to guarantee the stability of these data, these indexes apply the average value of 214 countries from 2000 to 2011. In the second part, we will use a Cobb-Douglas production model to figure out the long run economic growth behavior, we will introduce the concept of total factor productivity. And use the data of a sample space of 35 in the interval of 1975 to 2009. Limitations: Firstly, the paper didn’t investigate datum on further step, or has deeper proceeding of default datum, the data quality might occur to important influence to the conclusion, it did need to take cautious attitudes. Secondly, the paper acquires relative simple control variables, where default datum of control variable might induce strong influence on the conclusion, thus a deeper analyses need take many various factors into considerations, in order to analyze net effects of two variables. Thirdly, it clarifies from the degree of fitting, the paper using relative simple model, and does affect quality of the process, to get deeper analyze then needs more precious model for further analyze. Conclusion: This paper provided evidence to show economic growth is positive related to saving and investment and is negative to income level. Saving rate is positive related to income level and positive related to investment level, saving rate has indirect effect on economic growth, and saving rate has indirect effect on economic growth via investment rate. And there is a close relationship between investment and economic growth. Solow residual indicates that we will have to rely on the technology progress to increase efficiency in the long run.
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Lindgren, Urban. „Local impacts of large investments“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-54472.
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The aim of the thesis is to investigate local impacts of large investments. This problem has been approached from three directions and, therefore, the study consists of three themes, namely: the changing spatial patterns of corporate activities, the short-term local economic impacts of investments, and the long-term socio-economic impacts of investments on the local municipality. In order to put the impact studies of investments into a broader context the first theme provides an analysis of the macro-orientated processes that change the spatial pattern of a forest- based industry. The empirical investigation is based on a case-study of a major Swedish forest company (SCA — Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget), analysing its development from the 1950s to the present (Paper I). The locational changes of production plants, sales units and headquarters have been mapped and, parallel to this study of the company's spatial evolution, the underlying corporate strategies are discussed. The second theme focuses on the short-term local economic impacts of investments which are carried out at production units. The empirical data has been collected from a major investment introducing a new technology (Light Weight Coated paper - LWC) at Ortviken, an SCA-owned paper mill in Sundsvall. The point of departure for the analysis is the identification of contracted suppliers and their location in order to obtain a picture of the investment's diffusion in the local economy. As the choice of supplier is an important part of the study, criteria on how suppliers are chosen have also been examined (Paper II). Moreover, by using results from a number of similar investment studies, an attempt is made to summarize general experiences within a tentative model for estimating the share of local purchase deriving from major investments: the Local or Non-Local (LNL) model (Paper III). The third theme of the thesis pinpoints long-term local impacts of large investments. The investment generates impacts not only concurrently with the implementation phase, but also during the operation period of the invested item. The investigation of long-term socio-economic impacts has been performed by two studies employing different methodological approaches. The first study (Paper IV) deals with ex ante local impacts of locating a nuclear waste repository in Storuman or Mala, two sparsely populated municipalities in northern Sweden. The model is a traditional macro- formulated cohort model which is combined with a 'basic/non-basic' assumption regarding the intcrdependency within the local trade and business. The second study (Paper V) refers once again to the forest-based industry by emphasising the long-term socio-economic impacts of the investment examined in Paper II. This paper employs a micro-analytical modelling approach, so that, the municipal population is represented individually within the model. A microsimulation model is elaborated in order to analyse the long-term (15 years) local population and labour market dynamics induced by the LWC-investment. Some major findings of the thesis are: * The share of local purchase is connected to the composition of the investment. Analyses have shown that the higher the technological demand and the more technically advanced the goods and services related to the investment, the smaller is the local share of the purchase. * It has proved possible to trace chain effects on different local labour-markets induced by changes in production at a particular place of work. Through linkages between the partial labour markets the closure of a major place of work will not only affect the occupational groups to which laid-off employees belong, but also give rise to changes in unemployment levels in many other occupations.digitalisering@umu
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Webster, Elizabeth Margery. „Intangible investments and macro-dynamics“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411204.
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Bhatta, Bibek. „Empirical analyses on international investments“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28639.
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This thesis draws motivation from the stylized fact that investors do not diversify their investments well enough to reap the benefits of international diversification. Hence, it empirically examines and provides new insights into three different aspects related to suboptimal international investments: determinants of suboptimal foreign allocation, the impact of such suboptimal allocation on the cost of debt, and a possible avenue to enhance the level of foreign investment. The first empirical chapter identifies that though both economic and non-economic factors are important in driving foreign bias in bond investments, it is the non-economic factors that are more important in influencing the bias. This chapter further shows that the importance of non-economic factors gets augmented during periods of debt crisis whereas that of economic factors remain unchanged. The second empirical chapter demonstrates that foreign bond bias has a positive impact on the cost of debt: higher level of foreign bias in a market leads to a lower cost of debt in that market. The third empirical chapter provides evidence that enforcement of existing corporate governance regulations in firms leads to higher foreign ownership in firms. The findings presented in this thesis are robust to various checks and are of interest to policymakers, academics, and firm owners. Being aware of the costs associated with suboptimal foreign investment and being cognizant of the various economic and non-economic factors that can influence foreign allocation can help formulate appropriate policies to enhance foreign investments closer towards the prescribed optimal level. The findings that better corporate governance is associated with higher level of foreign investment is of particular interest to firm owners, especially in emerging markets. This thesis also provides avenues for further research and this can be beneficial to academics.
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D’Amico, William P. „LEVERAGING GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCIAL INVESTMENTS“. International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608713.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaIt is tempting to conceive a program that is self-contained and to fiscally control the all the necessary developments. Such a path will lead to a program that is technically stovepiped and extremely expensive. For the test and evaluation (T&E) community, products are often developed only for single application. We do not exist in such times. The use of other program’s products and commercial products is basically required. This is the path that the Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor System (HSTSS) has taken. The HSTSS philosophy required that the technologies common to telemetry systems be examined for reduction in cost, size, ease of use, and above all the survivability under high-g or high shock environments. It was clear that HSTSS could not support all of these requirements for transmitters, batteries, electronic packaging, and sensors and be realistically affordable with a good return on investment. This paper describes how the HSTSS program has accomplished the development of new batteries, transmitters, and data acquisition devices based upon a leveraged acquisition strategy.