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1
Anderson, Christopher. „FBI investigating NIH leaks“. Nature 356, Nr. 6366 (März 1992): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/356186b0.
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O’Rourke, Anthony, und Wadie E. Said. „Terrorism Investigations on Campus and the New McCarthyism“. Dissent 70, Nr. 4 (Januar 2024): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dss.2024.a918677.
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ABSTRACT: In the 1960s, the FBI’s counterintelligence program (COINTELPRO) routinely infiltrated campus antiwar and civil rights groups, investigating thousands of students with the aim of discrediting their activism and destroying their career prospects. After a Senate committee led by Frank Church exposed this practice, the FBI disavowed it and applied a heightened standard for initiating investigations at universities. There is reason to believe, however, that federal law enforcement is facing pressure to relax its self-restraint and investigate pro-Palestinian student activists using a tool not at its disposal in the heyday of COINTELPRO: a nebulous federal statute that imposes prison sentences of up to twenty years for providing “material support or resources to a foreign terrorist organization.” This statute criminalizes public advocacy that is done under the direction of or in coordination with foreign terrorist groups. There are few legal constraints, however, that would prevent a motivated FBI from using pro-Palestinian speech as grounds for investigating students who have no connection to such a group.
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O'Rourke, Anthony, und Wadie E. Said. „Terrorism Investigations on Campus and the New McCarthyism“. Dissent 71, Nr. 1 (Januar 2024): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dss.2024.a929089.
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ABSTRACT: In the 1960s, the FBI's counterintelligence program (COINTELPRO) routinely infiltrated campus antiwar and civil rights groups, investigating thousands of students with the aim of discrediting their activism and destroying their career prospects. After a Senate committee led by Frank Church exposed this practice, the FBI disavowed it and applied a heightened standard for initiating investigations at universities. There is reason to believe, however, that federal law enforcement is facing pressure to relax its self-restraint and investigate pro-Palestinian student activists using a tool not at its disposal in the heyday of COINTELPRO: a nebulous federal statute that imposes prison sentences of up to twenty years for providing "material support or resources to a foreign terrorist organization." This statute criminalizes public advocacy that is done under the direction of or in coordination with foreign terrorist groups. There are few legal constraints, however, that would prevent a motivated FBI from using pro-Palestinian speech as grounds for investigating students who have no connection to such a group.
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Dudek, Wanilton. „“Red Fascists”: anti-Nazi Germans under suspicion of the FBI“. Revista História: Debates e Tendências 19, Nr. 4 (23.12.2019): 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/hdtv.19n.4.10491.
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Since the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany in 1933, German opponents of Nazism had look for exile on the American continent, forming complex political movements across the American continent. The presence of the Free German Movement and the Council for the Democratic German in Los Angeles has alerted the US authorities, especially because of evidence of their links with communism and their relations with political movements in Latin America. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in investigating German anti-Nazi exile groups in California and south of the United States border in the context of World War II.
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Osowski, Kaylee. „Investigating a Serial Killer: The Development of the FBI’s Role Told Through Public Documents“. DttP: Documents to the People 46, Nr. 4 (11.12.2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v46i4.6892.
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The number of serial killers, those who have murdered three or more people at separate times in the United States,1 has declined from its peak 128 in 1987 to just 15 in 2015.2 But people’s fascination with them has not waned. The Netflix drama Mindhunter aired in October 2017 and gave true-crime fanatics a Hollywood view of the early days of the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) work on criminal profiling and its involvement with local law enforcement agencies on investigations.
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Grinberg, Daniel. „Tracking movements: Black activism, aerial surveillance, and transparency optics“. Media, Culture & Society 41, Nr. 3 (22.11.2018): 294–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718810921.
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This article examines the 2015 Baltimore uprisings that emerged in the wake of Freddie Gray’s death and the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) covert aerial surveillance of the protesters. It does so by investigating the records that the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) extracted from the government agency through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). The article first traces the process of discovering and circulating this corpus of information. It then considers what the digital disclosures, including 18-plus hours of aerial surveillance footage, can reveal about the racial and technological dimensions of contemporary state surveillance. In considering the agency’s strategies of public admission, I develop the concept of transparency optics and identify some of its potential logics at work. I then discuss these records’ epistemological limits, such as the shortcomings of analyzing digital processes through ocularcentric approaches. Finally, this article contrasts the FBI videos’ panoptic vantage of the protests with the embodied, ground-level perspective of a local participant’s documentary film.
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de Heer, Brooke A., und Lynn C. Jones. „Investigating the Self-Protective Potential of Immobility in Victims of Rape“. Violence and Victims 32, Nr. 2 (2017): 210–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00099.
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Using a nationwide sample of reported rape cases collected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI; 389 victims; 89% stranger rapes), this study investigates assumptions about self-protective behaviors for rape victims. Past research on victim resistance strategies often specifies active resistance as self-protective, inadvertently underestimating the potential for biologically based reactions, such as tonic immobility, to be self-protective as well. Results confirm that rape victims who were verbally and physically immobile during the attack were less likely to be injured and have force used against them. In addition, victims who were verbally immobile suffered a less severe attack. The results indicate that immobility may protect the victim from increased injury, force, and severity of the attack. Implications for the legal and public definition of consent are discussed.
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Yu, Song, Lianpeng Zou, Jiawei Zhao und Yiping Zhu. „Individual and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Co-Occurring Fumonisin Family Mycotoxins on Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell“. Foods 12, Nr. 13 (30.06.2023): 2555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12132555.
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Human health is seriously threatened by mycotoxin contamination, yet health risk assessments are typically based on just one mycotoxin, potentially excluding the additive or competitive interactions between co-occurring mycotoxins. In this investigation, we evaluated the individual or combined toxicological effects of three fumonisin-family B mycotoxins: fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), and fumonisin B3 (FB3), by using porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC). IPEC cells were exposed to various concentrations (2.5–40 μM) for 48 h, and a cell counting kit (CCK8) was used to determine cell vitality. Firstly, we discovered that they might inhibit cell viability. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of FB1 was significantly greater than that of FB2 and FB3. The results also indicated that the combinations of FB1-FB2, FB2-FB3, and FB1-FB2-FB3 showed synergistically toxicological effects at the ID10-ID50 levels and antagonistic effects at the ID75-ID90 levels. In addition, the FB1-FB3 exposure was also synergistic at the ID10-ID25 level. We also found that myriocin and resveratrol alleviated the cytotoxicity induced by fumonisin in IPEC cells. In all, this study may contribute to the determination of legal limits, the optimization of risk assessment for fumonisins in food and feed, and the development of new methods to alleviate fumonisin toxicity.
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Peake, Bryce. „Duke Ellington, Irving Mills, and the Broadcast Boundaries of Racialized Heteronationalism, according to the FBI“. Cultural Politics 12, Nr. 2 (01.07.2016): 202–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/17432197-3592100.
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This article revolves around a deceptively simple question: Why did the FBI investigate bandleader Duke Ellington, the African American capitalist, political conservative, and pronounced Christian, as a communist threat in the 1930s through the Cold War? Answering this question involves situating the FBI’s “domestic security” program as product and productive of overlapping racial and sexual politics and investigating the FBI’s anti-Semitic conspiracy theory that Ellington’s early-career promoter Irving Mills (a.k.a. Isadore Minsky) was a Jewish communist intent on capitalizing on the racial transgressions of jazz pleasures. In telling this story, I further develop contemporary scholarship on the concept of racialized heteronationalism as nascent in surveillance and the state, as well as demonstrate the long history of US enforcement agencies’ reliance upon race and sexuality as categories for defining domestic security and surveillance protocols.
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Siebert, Margaret M., Christina Perry, Lindsay O'Connell, Julie Albrecht, Kristen Stenger und Kara Vlasin-Marty. „A Mixed Methods Approach to Investigating Food Safety Behavior in a Sample of Native American and Hispanic Caregivers of Young Children“. Journal of Food Research 3, Nr. 5 (02.07.2014): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v3n5p59.
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<p class="1">Foodborne illness (FBI) disproportionately affects children and minority populations in the U.S. A mixed methods convergence model design was used to explore the food safety knowledge and behavior of Native American (NA) and Hispanic (Hisp) caregivers in New Mexico who prepare food for young children in the home. Quantitative and qualitative research methods (a validated food safety knowledge survey (r=.793) and focus group interviews) were implemented in parallel within each ethnic group, the datasets were analyzed separately per group and the results were converged at the point of interpretation. Equal priority was given to each dataset type. The Health Belief Model was used as a theoretical framework to guide qualitative inquiry. An integrative summary of the quantitative and qualitative results was created and meta-inferences identified contradictory and confirmatory elements of the evidence across both groups. A purposeful sample of fifty-five participants in New Mexico (28 NA; 27 Hisp) completed the food safety knowledge survey and participated in focus groups. Quantitative composite mean scores for the Native American (NA) group (M=66%) and Hispanic (His) group (M=65%) indicated low food safety knowledge. A MANOVA conducted to compare the two groups’ mean knowledge scores found no significant difference between groups on the food safety subscales [Wilks’ ? = .852, F(6,44) = 1.278, p = .287, ?2 = .162].The lowest scoring subscale for both groups was ‘cook’, addressing proper cooking methods (NA=.61, Hisp=.55). Mixed methods analyses revealed that participants overall perceived moderate to high self-efficacy regarding safe food preparation, food purchasing, cooking food, and storing of food, however, the related food safety knowledge item scores were low. Food safety knowledge was often inconsistent with reported food safety practices. Moderate/high self-efficacy may provide a false sense of low risk for FBI.</p>
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Statham, Simon. „‘A guy in my position is a government target … You got to be extra, extra careful’: Participation and strategies in crime talk in The Sopranos“. Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 24, Nr. 4 (November 2015): 322–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947015605442.
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This article reflects the trend within the stylistics of drama towards the analysis of film and television discourse by examining dialogue from HBO’s popular organised crime drama The Sopranos. A major theme of the series focuses on the consistent attempts of the authorities to bring Soprano gang members to justice for their crimes. To gather evidence, investigators rely on electronic surveillance and surreptitious listening devices worn by collaborating witnesses who agree to testify for the government against their former associates. FBI agents are additional participants in recorded conversations and they perform a range of discourse roles in these encounters. Cooperating witnesses employ a range of conversational strategies to accommodate FBI ‘eavesdroppers’, whilst the major criminal characters adopt tactics of conversational vigilance in their ‘crime talk’. Gangsters exercise a level of caution in their interactions which has important implications for conversational cooperation. This article will use Goffman’s (1981) participation framework to analyse how recorded crime talk is affected by the presence of investigating authorities and cooperating witnesses. The divergent conversational intentions of targets and cooperators also affect adherence to Grice’s (1975) conversational maxims. These seminal models will be applied to selective dialogue extracts from The Sopranos in order to demonstrate that criminal topics of conversation can have a significant effect on the structure and strategies of interactions in a television drama. Characters employ conversational caution when addressing incriminating acts which they consider it unwise to discuss explicitly. In many cases the external television audience is accommodated by being shown these crimes whilst internal overhearers are frustrated by the tactical vigilance adopted in characters’ talk.
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Du, Tianyao, und Jiameng Sun. „An Interpretation of Clarice Starling in The Silence of the Lambs from the Perspective of Existentialist Feminism“. International Journal of Education and Humanities 5, Nr. 2 (27.10.2022): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v5i2.2142.
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The Silence of the Lambs, a suspense novel written by Thomas Harris in 1999, tells a story about a clever and courageous FBI agent, Clarice Starling, who overcomes difficulties caused by sexism and wins herself a reputation and honor by investigating a serial murder case. Since the novel was published, discussions about the plot and characters have never stopped. Nevertheless, research related to the protagonist Clarice Starling based on existentialist feminism are rare. This thesis takes Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist feminism and the concept of “the other” to analyze gender inequalities encountered by Clarice Starling and her resistance against the patriarchal society. Therefore, combined with most women’s current living situation that gender inequality remains widespread, hindering their advance at work and in daily life, this thesis concludes that women should establish the subjective consciousness, prove their self-worth as females and avoid being “the other” through efforts.
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SEWRAM, VIKASH, GORDON S. SHEPHARD, WALTER F. O. MARASAS und MARIA FERNANDA PENTEADO M. de CASTRO. „Improving Extraction of Fumonisin Mycotoxins from Brazilian Corn-Based Infant Foods“. Journal of Food Protection 66, Nr. 5 (01.05.2003): 854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.5.854.
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The current AOAC International methods for the determination of fumonisins have been validated for corn and cornflakes but have produced low recoveries and high variability when applied to processed corn products for infants. Hence, an investigation was undertaken to improve the extraction efficiency for fumonisins by investigating the use of different extraction solvents. Corn-based infant foods containing cornmeal, corn starch, and corn flour were purchased in the city of Campinas, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and were analyzed for fumonisins B1 (FB1), B2 (FB2), and B3 (FB3) following extraction with a range of solvents. Comparison of the results from each of the samples indicated that acidified 70% aqueous methanol at pH 4.0 provided the best overall performance, whereas a methanol/boric acid (pH 9.2) mixture displayed poor extraction efficiency. Extraction with acidified 70% aqueous methanol showed seven of eight test samples to be positive for FB1 (range, 30 to 6,127 μg/kg; relative SD, 4.2 to 51.7%), two of eight samples to be positive for FB2 (range, 53 to 1,738 μg/kg; relative SD, 4.5 to 5.3%), and one of eight samples to be positive for FB3 (575 μg/kg). For samples in which extraction with phosphate-buffered mixtures (pH 3) proved superior, the method suffered from poor chromatography due to interfering compounds. The findings indicate that matrix interferences play a significant role in the extractability, cleanup, and chromatography of the fumonisins.
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Potapov, Sergey A. „The importance of a psychological portrait in unobvious crimes disclosure“. Current Issues of the State and Law, Nr. 2 (2023): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2023-7-2-348-356.
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The relevance of work is due to the complex study of the meaning of psychological portraiture in the detection of unobvious crimes. The purpose of work is to analyze the concept and essence of the psychological portrait and determine its significance in solving problems of criminal proceedings. The implementation of the purpose is achieved by the use of laws of dialectics, formal logic and the application of general scientific and private research methods. Analysis of disclosure and investigation statistics shows that the development of an effective and acceptable methodology for profiling an unidentified criminal is an urgent task for law enforcement agencies. Existing theoretical approaches to determine the links between the traces of a crime and the personality of a criminal, in particular, forensic, program-targeted, psychiatric and psychological, are explored. Their brief description is given. The concept and main purposes of drawing up a psychological portrait and its significance in the disclosure of unobvious crimes are investigated. The history of the development of this method both abroad and in Russia is considered. A comparative analysis of the method used abroad, in particular in the FBI, and in Russia is made, the differences and features in them are determined. The informational content of the method under study and the methodology for compiling a psychological portrait of a criminal are considered. It is concluded that a psychological portrait as a non-traditional method of cognition and the result of compiling a comprehensive description of an unknown criminal has a certain significance in solving the problems of revealing and investigating unobvious, unmotivated serial crimes. At the same time, it can be used in the investigation on an equal footing and in combination with other traditional methods and means.
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Bennett, Simon A. „Paradigmatic Disaster?: The Crash of Trans World Airlines (TWA) Flight 800“. International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 17, Nr. 3 (November 1999): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709901700302.
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This paper uses two discourses—Kuhn's (1962) formulation of the paradigm and cognitive theory (specifically that of social schemas)—to deconstruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and National Transportation Safely Board's (NTSB's) investigation info the 1996 TWA Flight 800 disaster. Following the disaster, concerns were expressed in the media that the FBI and NTSB might not he approaching the investigation with an entirely open mind. Certainly a number of statements were made by FBI and NTSB managers that seemed to indicate a preferred conclusion as to the cause(s) of the disaster. This paper uses social schema theory and Kuhn's discourse on the paradigm to ascertain, on the basis of widely reported statements, the degree to which FBI and NTSB investigators stated a preference expressed either overtly in statements, or covertly through investigative method—in the matter of causation.
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Boschee, Pam. „Comments: Complexity of Cyber Crime Skyrockets“. Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, Nr. 06 (01.06.2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0621-0008-jpt.
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The cyberattack on the Colonial Pipeline system was impossible to “keep on the lowdown” as industrial attacks of limited scale often are. The shutdown of a 2.5 million B/D system of 5,500 miles of pipeline spanning from the US Gulf Coast to the East Coast does not go unnoticed. And early unconfirmed reports of a ransom payment made to decrypt the seized data intensified the spotlight on the incident. (Continental CEO Joseph Blount confirmed a $4.4-million payment on 19 May.) During what surely was a crisis management nightmare involving not only Colonial but also the US Department of Energy, Department of Transportation, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (all agencies thanked by Colonial in a 15 May tweet), the information made public has heightened concerns about the security of data and critical infrastructure globally. Foremost is the escalation in the multiple layers of bad actors involved in a single attack. The FBI identified the ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) DarkSide, which it has been investigating since October 2020. Criminal partners conduct attacks and then share the proceeds with the ransomware developers. The agency released a flash alert about DarkSide on 10 May with indicators of compromise and mitigation measures once infected. “Mitigation measures once infected.” The alert may have come too late for Colonial, whose business network was hit rather than its operational technology (OT) networks that control the pipeline. To contain the damage, it took down its own OT network. An example supporting this action of last resort occurred last year when a ransomware attack on an unidentified natural gas company’s business networks moved into its control systems at a compression facility, halting operations for 2 days, according to a DHS alert. DHS said the company did not have a plan to respond to a cyberattack. A report by FireEye, a cybersecurity firm that confirmed its hiring by Colonial, said since initially surfacing in August 2020, the creators of DarkSide and its partners have infiltrated organizations in more than 15 countries. Affiliates retain a portion of each ransom fee, ranging from 25% for fees less than $500,000 to 10% for fees greater than $5 million. Ransomware operators are masters in extortion and are using new tactics to widen their net of exploitation. In April, the DarkSide operators said in a press release that they were targeting organizations listed on the NASDAQ and other stock markets and were willing to give stock traders advance notice of upcoming attacks to allow them to reap profits when stock prices dropped as a result of the breach, according to FireEye. In another example, an attacker obtained the victim’s cyber insurance policy’s coverage limits and used that knowledge during ransom negotiation, refusing to lower the ransom fee. What this means for organizations is that their boards should assess the full spectrum of risk from prevention to detection as a business risk and have a plan in place to execute when an attack occurs. The investment required may be far less than the increasingly exorbitant ransom fees and the costs associated with the theft or destruction of data and disruption to the business.
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Olszewski, Leah, und Stephen C. Wingreen. „The FBI Sentinel Project“. Journal of Cases on Information Technology 13, Nr. 3 (Juli 2011): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2011070105.
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In 2000, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) initiated its Trilogy program in order to upgrade FBI infrastructure technologies, address national security concerns, and provide agents and analysts greater investigative abilities through creation of an FBI-wide network and improved user applications. Lacking an appropriate enterprise architecture foundation, IT expertise, and management skills, the FBI cancelled further development of Trilogy Phase 3, Virtual Case File (VCF), with prime contractor SAIC after numerous delays and increasing costs. The FBI began development of Sentinel in 2006 through Lockheed Martin. Unlike in the case of Trilogy, the FBI decided to implement a service-oriented architecture (SOA) provided in part by commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components, clarify contracts and requirements, increase its use of metrics and oversight through the life of the project, and employ IT personnel differently in order to meet Sentinel objectives. Although Lockheed Martin was eventually released from their role in the project due to inadequate performance, the project is still moving forward on account of the use of best practices. The case highlights key events in both VCF and Sentinel development and demonstrates the FBI’s IT transformation over the past four years.
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Scott, Peter M., und Guillaume A. Lawrence. „Stability and Problems in Recovery of Fumonisins Added to Corn-Based Foods“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, Nr. 2 (01.03.1994): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.2.541.
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Abstract Because the natural occurrence of fumonisins is so far known almost exclusively in corn, we have limited our investigations on their stability to corn-based foods. In these studies, distinction must be made between real losses, binding, and any matrix-related method problems. Fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) were about 40% recovered when heated in corn meal at 190°C, about 20–30% recovered when heated in moist corn meal at 190°C, and completely unstable in corn meal at 220°C. Average recoveries of FB1 and FB2 added to blank heated matrixes were 69–107% in control experiments. Baking corn meal muffins spiked with 2.5 μg FB1 and FB2/g corn meal at 220°C also resulted in losses of fumonisins. Little or no fumonisins were recovered from corn bran flour when methanol–water (3 + 1) was used as extraction solvent. However, when methanol-borate buffer (pH 9.2) (3 + 1) was used, recoveries averaged 91 ± 17 and 84 ± 9%, respectively, for FB1 and FB2; and natural contamination of the corn bran flour with FB1 and FB2 at levels of 1.9 and 0.95 μg/g, respectively, was revealed. Comparable recoveries were observed for 1 brand of a corn bran breakfast cereal, but the binding effect was not seen with a second brand, for which methanol-water (3 + 1) alone was a good extraction solvent. Recoveries of FB1 and FB2 from a mixed cereal for babies were only about 50% with either extraction solvent mixture. Additives present in the mixed cereal—calcium carbonate, dibasic calcium phosphate, and reduced iron (iron filings)—did not affect recoveries of FB1 and FB2 when added to ground corn or corn flakes, although hydrated ferrous sulfate did.
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Ghaedi, Khaled, Zainah Ibrahim, Mohammed Jameel, Ahad Javanmardi und Hamed Khatibi. „Seismic Response Analysis of Fully Base-Isolated Adjacent Buildings with Segregated Foundations“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4517940.
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In populous cities, construction of multistorey buildings close to each other due to space limitation and increased land cost is a dire need. Such construction methods arise several problems during earthquake excitation. The aim of this study is to investigate the bidirectional seismic responses of fully base-isolated (FBI) adjacent buildings having different heights and segregated foundations. Therefore, two scenarios, namely, (a) investigation of the responses of FBI adjacent buildings compared to those with fixed base (FFB) and (b) the effects of separation distance on FBI adjacent buildings, were studied. Based on these investigations, the results showed that isolation system significantly enhances the overall responses of the BI buildings. Spectacularly, the base isolation system was further efficient to decrease displacement rather than the acceleration. In addition, increase of the seismic gap changed the acceleration, pounding, base shear, base moment, and storey drift, as well as the force-deformation performance of the isolators. Therefore, it seems a need to focus on the effect of the separation distances for the design of base isolators for FBI adjacent buildings in future works.
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Ruiz, James, Jason W. Julseth und Kathleen H. Winters. „Profiling, Cajun Style: The FBI Investigation?“ International Journal of Police Science & Management 12, Nr. 3 (September 2010): 401–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2010.12.3.173.
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Surzhik, Dmitry. „FBI Against Terrorism: Investigation and PR“. ISTORIYA 14, Nr. 5 (127) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025749-2.
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Based on the study of a number of examples of politically motivated terrorist attacks and sabotage on the infrastructure of the United States in 1914—1920, the authors examine their background and impact on the development of the (Federal — since 1935) Bureau of Investigation. The authors of this article adhere to the traditional definitions of a terrorist act and sabotage accepted in domestic historical science and law. A terrorist act (terrorist act) is the commission of an explosion, arson or other actions that frighten the population and create the threat of human death, significant property damage or other serious consequences, with the aim of destabilizing the activities of authorities or international organizations or influence their decision-making, as well as the threat of committing the above actions for the same purposes . Diversion is a method of armed struggle, actions of specially prepared units (groups) or individuals in the rear of the enemy to disable military, industrial and other objects, destruction of roads and means of communication, nodes and lines of communication, objects of vital importance of population, disruption of command of troops, destruction of manpower and equipment, influence on the moral and psychological state of troops and the enemy population . The authors conclude that the administrative structure and methods of work of the Bureau of Investigation of the United States have changed due to new threats to law and order in the United States. The article is written in the problem-chronological method: politically motivated terrorist acts are examined first, followed by random (arbitrary) terrorist self-detonations, and this empirical series ends with an account of the 1916 Manhattan War Materials Depot sabotage. We consider the anarchist attacks of 1919, as well as the famous Sacco and Vanzetti case, as two of the earliest and most striking examples of political terror in the United States, to which the young Bureau of Investigation had to respond.
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Condomitti, Ulisses. „Criminal Profiling: Application of The FBI’s Typology in Homicides Occurred in the City of São Paulo“. Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics 10, Nr. 3 (30.06.2021): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17063/bjfs10(3)y2021441-458.
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The criminal profiling technique, developed in the second half of the last century, has proved to be a useful resource as an investigative technique, especially when conventional techniques have not been productive and is closely associated with the Behavioral Sciences and with Forensic Criminology, being used to direct to investigate by reducing the number of suspects in a crime. Among the various methodologies available, the Crime Scene Analysis stands out, popularly known as the “FBI Method”, developed by agents from the Behavioral Science Unit (BSU - Behavioral Science Unit) of the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation, an organ American investigation agency of federal autarchy, which has certain similarities to the Federal Police of Brazil) from the 1980s. In this article, the application of such methodology for the initial characterization of the criminal profile of homicide suspects ant authors in the city of São Paulo through the study of real cases in which the author worked, performing the examination of the crime scene.
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Li, Kailin, Song Yu, Dianzhen Yu, Huikang Lin, Na Liu und Aibo Wu. „Biodegradation of Fumonisins by the Consecutive Action of a Fusion Enzyme“. Toxins 14, Nr. 4 (09.04.2022): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14040266.
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Fumonisins (FBs) are toxic mycotoxins that commonly exist in food and feed. FBs can induce many aspects of toxicity, leading to adverse effects on human and animal health; therefore, investigating methods to reduce fumonisin contamination is necessary. In our study, we generated a recombinant fusion enzyme called FUMDI by linking the carboxylesterase gene (fumD) and the aminotransferase gene (fumI) by overlapping polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The fusion enzyme FUMDI was successfully, secretively expressed in the host Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) GS115, and its expression was optimized. Our results demonstrated that the fusion enzyme FUMDI had high biodegradation activity of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and other common FBs, such as fumonisin B2 (FB2) and fumonisin B3 (FB3), and almost completely degraded 5 μg/mL of each toxin within 24 h. We also found that FUMDI enzyme and its reaction products had no negative effect on cell viability and did not induce cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1). The results indicated that these FBs degradation products cannot have adverse effects in a cell model. In conclusion, a safe and efficient fumonisin-degrading enzyme was discovered, which could be a new a technical method for hazard control of FBs in the future.
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Novak, Kris. „Animal-rights attacks spark FBI terror investigation“. Nature Medicine 9, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2003): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1003-1230b.
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Epryntsev, Pylyp, und Nadiya Nosevych. „INDIA CENTRAL INVESTIGATION BUREAU: HISTORY, LEGAL BASIS OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY, TASKS, STRUCTURE“. Law Journal of Donbass 73, Nr. 4 (2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2020-73-4-11-19.
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The law enforcement component provides for actions to ensure the rights and freedoms of citizens and protect the national interests of the state. It maybe done through the fight against organized crime, including international terrorism, the investigation of certain illegal acts, the restoration of an effective system of national security and defense. In the framework of this scientific and legal article, the author considered the history, legal basis of professional activity, structure and tasks of the Central Bureau of Investigation of India. Today's Indian CBI is a certain functional-targeted analogue of the American FBI, but does not cover, in contrast, the issue of threats to India's national security. Considering these subject aspects, the scientist turned to the current legislation of India on the professional activities of the CBI, the official website, as well as the scientific works of some domestic and foreign experts on this issue. An analysis of these and other sources revealed that the Central Bureau of Investigation of India today is a functional target of the US FBI, whose prerogative is to investigate a number of serious crimes throughout India, although, unlike the FBI, its professional rights in India states are significantly limited. The Bureau of Investigation does not carry out intelligence or counterintelligence activities, following the example of the FBI. The priority in the professional activities of the Central Bureau of Investigation of India is the investigation of criminal offenses, primarily corruption. Incomplete regulatory regulation of its activity remains a big problem for this body. The CBI's prerogative is to investigate a number of serious crimes throughout India, although, unlike the FBI, its professional rights in the Indian states are severely limited. A certain priority in the CBI's professional activities is the investigation of criminal offenses committed by government officials. First of all, we are talking about acts of corruption. A major problem for today's Indian CBI is the lack of separate clear legislation on its professional activities.
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Levin, Yaroslav. „FBI Opposition to German and Japanese Nationalist Organizations in the United States (1941–1945)“. Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, Nr. 6 (2023): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640024078-3.
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In modern research on the history of the United States in World War II, it is quite popular to study the opposition of the American special services and, in particular, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to various organizations of the German and Japanese diasporas in new historical conditions. The appeal to traditional methods of historical research, comparative studies and the principles of historicism will make it possible to more accurately trace the process of tightening the counterintelligence work of the Bureau and the close connection of concerns about the involvement of public organizations in the intelligence activities of the enemy. The broadcast of nationalist ideas by various communities of Germans and Japanese under the auspices of their governments quickly attracted the attention of the FBI, which is in the process of consolidating its powers as the main US counterintelligence service. At the same time, the investigations and trials conducted by the John Edgar Hoover department following these investigations often had an openly political color and increasingly consolidated the beginning of a political investigation in this service. This practice and its implementation ran into a tough contradiction between the legal norms of America, which proclaimed "democratic values," the right to freedom of speech and the needs to strengthen the internal security of the state and society in wartime. All these processes and the associated nuances and complexities are considered on specific examples of the work of federal agents against various pro-German and pro-Japanese organizations in the period 1941-45.
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Price, David H. „Theoretical Dangers: The FBI Investigation ofScience & Society“. Science & Society 68, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2004): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/siso.68.4.475.52053.
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Beineke, John A. „The Investigation of John Dewey by the FBI“. Educational Theory 37, Nr. 1 (Dezember 1987): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.1987.00043.x.
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Er Demirhan, Buket, und Burak Demirhan. „Investigation of Twelve Significant Mycotoxin Contamination in Nut-Based Products by the LC–MS/MS Method“. Metabolites 12, Nr. 2 (26.01.2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12020120.
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In this study, a total of 80 peanut butter, hazelnut butter, and chocolate samples were obtained from local markets in Ankara, Turkey. These foods were analyzed for twelve toxicological important mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2); fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2); ochratoxin A (OTA); sterigmatocystin (STE); deoxynivalenol (DON); zearalenone (ZON); T-2 toxin (T2); and HT-2 toxin (HT2) by the LC–MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method. In addition to this analysis, the presence of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria was investigated in the samples. The samples were analyzed microbiologically using standard procedures. Finally, the minimum and maximum levels of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, FB2, OTA, STE, DON, ZON, T2, and HT2 in the samples were found to be 0.04–27.37 µg/kg, 0.06–6.19 µg/kg, 0.14–0.40 µg/kg, 2.73–2.93 µg/kg, 0.01–37.26 µg/kg, 0.19–2.25 µg/kg, 11.81–42.09 µg/kg, 0.03–7.57 µg/kg, 1.41–2.54 µg/kg, and 6.94–7.43 µg/kg, respectively. AFG2 and FB1 were not detected in any of the samples. The most frequently detected mycotoxins in analyzed samples were OTA (78.75%) and AFB1 (75%). In addition, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria were isolated from 53.75% of samples. Some of the tested food samples contained mycotoxins above the Turkish Food Codex maximum limit.
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Haynes, John Earl, und Harvey Klehr. „Framing William Albertson: The FBI's “Solo” Operation and the Cold War“. Journal of Cold War Studies 22, Nr. 3 (August 2020): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00951.
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William Albertson, who was executive secretary of the New York Communist Party and a member of the National Committee of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA), was framed as an informant for the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 1964. Only in recent years have newly released FBI records enabled scholars to understand why the FBI undertook the operation and how much damage it did to the CPUSA. In 1964 two leaks from the FBI hinted that the bureau had a high-level informant in the CPUSA who was providing information about secret Soviet subsidies. The leaks were accurate and endangered one of the FBI's most successful intelligence operations, Operation Solo, which involved the use of two brothers, Morris Childs and Jack Childs, who were confidants of CPUSA General Secretary Gus Hall, as key informants. The framing of Albertson was intended to deflect CPUSA and Soviet attention from the real FBI informants to a bogus one. The ploy succeeded. The forged documents the FBI planted convinced Hall and other senior CPUSA officials that Albertson was the FBI informant. Despite Albertson's vehement denials and energetic defense, he was expelled. The CPUSA thought it had eliminated the informant, and the Childs brothers were able to continue in their role until old age forced their retirement in 1977.
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Lushchak, Viktor. „Between the turbulent waters of the political world and the placid waters of the apolitical sound: James Comey’s book review“. American History & Politics: Scientific edition, Nr. 15 (2023): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2023.15.10.
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This review is an analysis of an autobiography book by the professional prosecutor and former director of the FBI James Comey. Comey's memoirs were released in the U.S. in 2018 when Robert Muller's investigations about Russian interference in the U.S. election had gained momentum. The Ukrainian translation was published in 2022 (Kyiv, Ukraine, Laboratory publishing house) when the Ukrainian people boldly and selflessly defended, and still continue to defend their country from Russian unprovoked aggression. This book is autobiographical and does not focus only on the reflections of J. Comey during his tenure as a director of the FBI. The author begins the story from childhood and analyzes some events and circumstances which influenced his willingness to fight «hooligans». The first half of the book is devoted to his career in the federal prosecutor's office: assistant district attorney, district attorney, and eventually U.S. Deputy Attorney General. J. Comey describes numerous scandals involving White House officials and the Justice Department's struggle with the Bush administration over the legality of covert surveillance and interrogation programs. The second half of the book is dedicated to J. Comey's tenure as director of the FBI. Obviously, the main readers' attention is focused on the events related to the U.S. presidential election in 2016. J. Comey's decision to reopen the case against H. Clinton 11 days before the election and not to make public information about the investigation into Russian interference in the election is debatable and subject to speculation. J. Comey devoted most of this chapter to explaining his motivation for the first and second decisions. J. Comey’s work with the Trump administration, which is shrouded in rumors and scandals well enough described by the author. The former FBI director spares no words to express his own attitude toward the personal qualities and actions of the new president.
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Klehr, Harvey, und John Earl Haynes. „The First U.S.-Based Soviet Nuclear Spy: The Saga of Clarence Hiskey and Arthur Adams“. Journal of Cold War Studies 25, Nr. 4 (2023): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01170.
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Abstract Years before anything was publicly disclosed about the nuclear espionage of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Klaus Fuchs, and Theodore Hall, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and U.S. Army Intelligence identified Clarence Hiskey, a Manhattan Project scientist, as a Soviet spy helping to provide highly sensitive nuclear weapons information. The two agencies kept watch on a Soviet intelligence officer, Arthur Adams, who was living illegally in the United States and serving as Hiskey's control officer. Despite an extensive investigation, neither Hiskey nor Adams was ever arrested. Although Adams was named in a sensational tabloid newspaper article shortly after the end of World War II and closely shadowed by the FBI, he was able to flee to the Soviet Union. Hiskey was never indicted for espionage. Based on material released from declassified Russian archives and FBI files made available under the Freedom of Information Act, the article tells the story of the first U.S.-based nuclear spy and how he got away with it.
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Fox, Jeffrey L. „FBI, Allied Scientists Describe Analytic Side of Anthrax Investigation“. Microbe Magazine 3, Nr. 10 (01.10.2008): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/microbe.3.453.1.
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Brody, Rachel, und Joshua Nadas. „Andrew DiRosa, MPA ‘02, Section Chief (Acting) of the Executive Intelligence Section of the Federal Bureau of Investigation“. Policy Perspectives 19 (01.05.2012): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v19i0.10435.
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Mr. DiRosa obtained a Master’s in Public Administration (MPA), with a focus on managing federal agencies, from The George Washington University in 2002. While at GWU, Andy served as editor of Policy Perspectives, and was awarded the Leadership Award and was inducted into the Pi Alpha Alpha public administration honor society. Andy obtained a BA from Old Dominion University (Norfolk, VA) in English and Political Science in 1987. While at ODU he was elected to two terms on the student senate.Presently, Andy is the assistant section chief of the Executive Intelligence Section in the FBI’s Directorate of Intelligence at FBI Headquarters. In this capacity he helps oversee daily operation of 24-hour units that prepare the daily intelligence briefing materials for the FBI Director, US Attorney General, and other senior executives. Andy has also worked in the FBI’s Counterterrorism Division, as an intelligence analyst and supervisor, and in the FBI’s training division and office of public affairs, as managing editor of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, a widely read criminal justice journal. He authored book reviews and journal articles, including features on street gangs and the impact of the Second World War on US law enforcement. While in the Counterterrorism Division Andy served in an international intelligence cell at NATO headquarters in Brussels. Mr. DiRosa has also represented the FBI at bilateral intelligence exchanges with Canada and the United Kingdom. (Views expressed are those of Mr. DiRosa and do not necessarily reflect the views of the FBI.)
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Martin, Lerone. „Bureau Clergyman: How the FBI Colluded with an African American Televangelist to Destroy Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.“ Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 28, Nr. 1 (2018): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2018.28.1.1.
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AbstractThis article explains how the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) partnered with African American minister Elder Lightfoot Solomon Michaux to discredit and neutralize Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. The Elder, the nation's first minister (black or white) to have his own weekly television show, colluded with the Bureau to shape public opinion against King and cast doubt upon King's religious commitments and activities. Michaux was, what I call, a Bureau Clergyman: a minister who was an FBI “Special Service Contact” or on the Bureau's “Special Correspondents Lists.” Far from secret informants, black and white male clergy in these official Bureau programs enjoyed very public and cooperative relationships with the FBI and were occasionally “called into service” to work in concert with the FBI. The FBI called upon Michaux and he willingly used his status, popular media ministry, and cold war spirituality to publically scandalize King as a communist and defend the Bureau against King's criticisms. In the end, the Elder demonized King, contested calls for black equality under the law, and lionized the FBI as the keeper of Christian America. The story moves the field beyond the very well known narratives of the FBI's hostility towards religion and reveals how the Bureau publicly embraced religion and commissioned their clergymen to help maintain prevailing social arrangements. Michaux's relationship with the FBI also offers a window into the overlooked religious dimensions of the FBI's opposition to King, even as it highlights how black clergy articulated and followed competing ideologies of black liberation during the civil rights movement.
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Charles, Douglas M., und John P. Rossi. „FBI Political Surveillance and the Charles Lindbergh Investigation, 1939–1944“. Historian 59, Nr. 4 (01.06.1997): 831–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1997.tb01378.x.
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Scroggins, Michael. „A feral science? Dangers and disruptions between DIYbio and the FBI“. Critique of Anthropology 43, Nr. 1 (23.02.2023): 84–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x231157559.
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Building on theory within anthropology and associated fields, I develop feralness as a lens for understanding the complexity of technological afterlives. Conceptual development proceeds through a case study of the relationship between Do-it-Yourself Biology (DIYbio), nonprofessional scientists experimenting with the established technology of recombinant DNA in new contexts such as garages and kitchens, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Absent the institutional controls of academia or industry, DIYbio has been perceived by the FBI as a potential threat to national security and is policed by the FBI’s Weapons of Mass Destruction Directorate. Though the FBI has tried to contain the spread and reach of DIYbio, it has, ironically, came to be one of the main instruments of DIYbio’s global spread. In closing, I argue that feral technologies, those technologies with unexpected and potentially dangerous afterlives, are emblematic of the 21st century.
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Russini, Valeria, Carlo Corradini, Maria Laura De Marchis, Tatiana Bogdanova, Sarah Lovari, Paola De Santis, Giuseppina Migliore, Stefano Bilei und Teresa Bossù. „Foodborne Toxigenic Agents Investigated in Central Italy: An Overview of a Three-Year Experience (2018–2020)“. Toxins 14, Nr. 1 (05.01.2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14010040.
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Foodborne diseases (FBDs) represent a worldwide public health issue, given their spreadability and the difficulty of tracing the sources of contamination. This report summarises the incidence of foodborne pathogens and toxins found in food, environmental and clinical samples collected in relation to diagnosed or suspected FBD cases and submitted between 2018 and 2020 to the Food Microbiology Unit of the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana (IZSLT). Data collected from 70 FBD investigations were analysed: 24.3% of them started with an FBD diagnosis, whereas a further 41.4% involved clinical diagnoses based on general symptomatology. In total, 5.6% of the 340 food samples analysed were positive for the presence of a bacterial pathogen, its toxins or both. Among the positive samples, more than half involved meat-derived products. Our data reveal the probable impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of FBD investigations conducted. In spite of the serious impact of FBDs on human health and the economy, the investigation of many foodborne outbreaks fails to identify the source of infection. This indicates a need for the competent authorities to continue to develop and implement a more fully integrated health network.
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Schwenke, Carsten, Monica Boos, Rainer Hentrich, Michael Blankenburg und Martin Rohrer. „Angiography for Diagnosing Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease – A Technical, Clinical and Cost Comparison of Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Unenhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques with a Focus on Fresh Blood Imaging“. European Cardiology Review 6, Nr. 2 (2010): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2010.6.2.54.
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This study compares the clinical and technical utility of non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (nce-MRA) and contrastenhanced MRA (ce-MRA) in a mini-review of patients with suspected peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) in whom both MRA approaches were indicated. It also looks at the costs of angiography for diagnosing peripheral arterial occlusive disease using either ce-MRA or nce-MRA in comparison with the example of fresh blood imaging (FBI). The costs for MRA were taken from a previous cost study and those for nce-MRA/FBI from published data and appropriate calculations. The average total investigation costs for ce-MRA were found to be €205, including €59 for consumables, mainly originating from the contrast agent costs (according to German list prices for 2009). On the other hand, for nce-MRA, average total costs ranged from €190 to €239, depending on the acquisition time (12–32 minutes), and a larger number of additional diagnostic investigations were found. Irrespective of costs, several clinical and technical benefits such as image quality, higher robustness and the absence of limitations with complex vessel courses favoured ce-MRA. The consequences of using ce-MRA were fewer technical failures and, therefore, a higher throughput of patients indicated for contrast agent use in the radiology department; this led to more procedures per day and, therefore, more efficient use of diagnostic imaging resources.
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Motlhanka, Koketso, Nerve Zhou, Malaki Kamakama, Monkgogi Masilo und Kebaneilwe Lebani. „Mycotoxins in khadi, A Traditional Non-Cereal Based Alcoholic Beverage of Botswana“. Microbiology Insights 15 (Januar 2022): 117863612211398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786361221139817.
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Mycotoxin contamination is a major food safety drawback towards the commercialization of food products. The commercialization of khadi, a popular fermented alcoholic beverage of Botswana necessitates the investigation of the presence of mycotoxins. Khadi brewing involves the uncontrolled and unstandardized spontaneous fermentation of sun-dried Grewia flava fruits, which could be a source of mycotoxin-producing filamentous fungi (molds). This study sought to investigate the presence of mycotoxins producing fungi and mycotoxins in 18 samples of khadi collected in Central and Northern Botswana. Periconia thailandica, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aspergillus ochraceus, Phoma eupyrena, Setosphaeria turcica, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Chaetomium longiciliata, and Flavodon ambrosius were identified in 10 out of 18 khadi samples. Mycotoxins were detected using the Myco-10 Randox Evidence Investigator biochip kit and confirmed using a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Mycotoxins such as paxilline, ochratoxin A, ergot alkaloids, aflatoxin G1/G2, and zearalenone were detected using the Myco-10 Randox Evidence Investigator biochip kit. The Myco-10 results revealed that the mycotoxins in the khadi samples were lower than the regulatory limits set by FDA or European Commission. Confirmation of results using an UPLC-ESI-MS/MS system involved confirming selected mycotoxins (AFB1, DON. ZEA, FB1, FB2, FB3, NIV, and OTA) from selected khadi samples (Palapye 1, Palapye 2, Letlhakane 2, Maun 3, Mmashoro 3, and Tonota 3). The UPLC results demonstrated that the aforementioned mycotoxins in the selected khadi samples were below the detection thresholds. The study shows that while fungal isolates were present, there is no to minimal danger/risk of exposure to toxic mycotoxins after consumption of khadi. Towards commercialization endeavors, the production process would necessitate minimal mycotoxin monitoring and product preservation but no detoxifying steps.
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Bhattacharjee, Y., und M. Enserink. „ANTHRAX INVESTIGATION: FBI Discusses Microbial Forensics--but Key Questions Remain Unanswered“. Science 321, Nr. 5892 (22.08.2008): 1026–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.321.5892.1026.
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Martins Faria, João Paulo. „Documentos de inteligência como fonte: o caso do Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)“. Revista Eletrônica da ANPHLAC 21, Nr. 30 (19.07.2021): 257–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46752/anphlac.30.2021.3982.
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A proposta deste artigo é explorar as potencialidades e os limites dos documentos de agências de inteligência como fonte para os historiadores. Para isso, será usado o caso dos documentos do Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), especialmente durante os anos 1950 e 1960, quando a instituição investigou e monitorou de forma intensa vários movimentos sociais nos Estados Unidos. Com um histórico bastante repressivo em relação a minorias, organizações de esquerda, e até movimentos supremacistas brancos, o FBI produziu documentação farta sobre seus investigados. Apesar disso, a discussão teórico-metodológica sobre as fontes dessa agência é insuficiente, dado o caráter recente da historiografia sobre a instituição e as limitações de acesso aos arquivos do Bureau. Utilizando como base teórica de análise estudos sobre a atividade de inteligência e considerações sobre arquivologia, pretende-se discutir o olhar do historiador sobre os documentos de agências de informação.
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Hoang, Nhat-Duc, Thanh-Canh Huynh und Van-Duc Tran. „Computer Vision-Based Patched and Unpatched Pothole Classification Using Machine Learning Approach Optimized by Forensic-Based Investigation Metaheuristic“. Complexity 2021 (04.09.2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3511375.
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During the phase of periodic asphalt pavement survey, patched and unpatched potholes need to be accurately detected. This study proposes and verifies a computer vision-based approach for automatically distinguishing patched and unpatched potholes. Using two-dimensional images, patched and unpatched potholes may have similar shapes. Therefore, this study relies on image texture descriptors to delineate these two objects of interest. The texture descriptors of statistical measurement of color channels, the gray-level cooccurrence matrix, and the local ternary pattern are used to extract texture information from image samples of asphalt pavement roads. To construct a classification model based on the extracted texture-based dataset, this study proposes and validates an integration of the Support Vector Machine Classification (SVC) and the Forensic-Based Investigation (FBI) metaheuristic. The SVC is used to generalize a classification boundary that separates the input data into two class labels of patched and unpatched potholes. To optimize the SVC performance, the FBI algorithm is utilized to fine-tune the SVC hyperparameters. To establish the hybrid FBI-SVC framework, an image dataset consisting of 600 samples has been collected. The experiment supported by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test demonstrates that the proposed computer vision is highly suitable for the task of interest with a classification accuracy rate = 94.833%.
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Alkoot, Fuad M. „Investigating Wi-Fi Radiation Levels at Residences“. International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering 3, Nr. 4 (2014): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcce.2014.v3.330.
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Malik, Engr Mujtaba Asad, und Waqar Azeem Malik. „STANDARDIZATION OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE, ITS PROCUREMENT, PRESERVATION AND PRESENTATION IN COURT USING FBI's TECHNIQUES BY FIA“. International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 4, Nr. 1 (16.03.2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2020.040146.
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present the some feasible standards used by US Federal Bureau of investigation (FBI) to enable Federal Investigation Agency (Pakistan) to enhance the authenticity of evidence and its consistency with the existing law. There are examples of several hundred cases, where the courts refused to punish the offender due to unauthentic inconsistent or naive evidence. The investigator is normally responsible to procure and preserve the forensic evidence to strengthen the case of the prosecutor. The investigator has follow up the legal procedure, technically in technically correct manner and consistent with provisions of Law, circumstantial and oral evidence. The inherent deficiencies and faults render the forensic evidence invalid sometimes and no use in the court. The approach of the paper is to standardise and synchronise the working as for as dealing with forensic evidence is concerned. The FBI provides very useful methodologies for procuring evidence from the sconce of offence, forensic services, examination of evidence, rendering forensic evidence,
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Haynes, John Earl, und Harvey Klehr. „Alexander Vassiliev's Notebooks and the Documentation of Soviet Intelligence Activities in the United States during the Stalin Era“. Journal of Cold War Studies 11, Nr. 3 (Juli 2009): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2009.11.3.6.
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Alexander Vassiliev's notebooks with 1,115 pages of handwritten transcriptions, excerpts, and summaries from Soviet Committee on State Security (KGB) archival files provide the most detailed documentation available of Soviet espionage in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s. This article discusses the provenance of the notebooks and how they fit with previously available Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) files, KGB cables decrypted by the Venona project, Communist International records, court proceedings, and congressional investigations. As an example of the richness of the material, the essay reviews the notebooks' documentation of Soviet spy William Weisband's success in alerting the Soviet Union to the U.S. decryption project that tracked Soviet military logistic communications, allowing the USSR to implement a more secure encryption system and blinding the United States to preparations for the invasion of South Korea in 1950.
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Cunningham, David. „Understanding State Responses to Left- versus Right-Wing Threats“. Social Science History 27, Nr. 3 (2003): 327–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012566.
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Between 1956 and 1971, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) operated five counterintelligence programs (COINTELPROs) designed to repress a range of threats to the status quo. This article examines more than twelve thousand pages of memos related to FBI programs against white hate groups (mostly the Ku Klux Klan) and the New Left in an effort to gain insight into the Bureau's repression of left- and right- wing targets. The article's goals are both general and historically specific: First, to introduce a two-dimensional typology to organize and categorize repressive acts generally and then to use this typology to examine the patterning of repressive acts across the COINTELPROs. This approach allows for the uncovering of distinct overarching strategies applied to left- versus right-wing targets. These strategies are emergent in the sense that they are not apparent from a textual analysis of Bureau memos or through a comparison of the outcomes of each COINTELPRO. Recognition of these emergent strategies provides insight into the complex, ambiguous relationship that the FBI had with both the civil rights movement and the Klan.
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Ward, Dennis. „The Development of an X-ray Spectral Database for Forensic Science“. Microscopy Today 9, Nr. 3 (April 2001): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500056881.
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The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with associated Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) is commonly used to characterize the structure and elemental composition of a wide variety of materials of forensic significance. When these materials are extremely limited in size, SEM/EDS is often the only suitable method for characterization available in forensic science laboratories.Because of the inability to access SEM/EDS data from large numbers of materials, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) laboratory believes that this discipline has not realized its full potential. The usefulness of SEM/EDS has been limited by the inability to archive spectra within a utility having a true database architecture. The FBI Laboratory has designed such an X-ray database, consisting of storage, query, and display utilities unique to X-ray spectroscopy.
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Tsurkanu, Lidiya, Hadley Leavell und Balasundram Maniam. „U.S. FDI in Europe since 1990: An Empirical Investigation“. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 6, Nr. 3 (Juni 2015): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijtef.2015.v6.467.
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