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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Invasion probability“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Invasion probability"
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ZHOU, PENG, XIONG ZHAO HE, CHEN CHEN, and QIAO WANG. "Effect of age and density on dispersal probability and distance in Tetranychus ludeni Zacher." Zoosymposia 22 (November 30, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.22.1.74.
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Dispersal strategies of species can affect its invasion success. Investigation into the dispersal strategies of invasive species in relation to different factors facilitates our understanding of the invasion mechanisms and provides knowledge for population management and invasion evaluation.
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Coufal, Oldřich, Iveta Selingerová, Pavlína Vrtělová, et al. "A Simple Model to Assess the Probability of Invasion in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast Diagnosed by Needle Biopsy." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/480840.
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Objectives. The aim of the study was to develop a clinical prediction model for assessing the probability of having invasive cancer in the definitive surgical resection specimen in patients with biopsy diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, to facilitate decision making regarding axillary surgery.Methods. In 349 women with DCIS, predictors of invasion in the definitive resection specimen were identified. A model to predict the probability of invasion was developed and subsequently simplified to divide patients into two risk categories. The model’s performance was validated on another patient population.Results. Multivariate logistic regression revealed four independent predictors of invasion: (i) suspicious (micro)invasion in the biopsy specimen; (ii) visibility of the lesion on ultrasonography; (iii) size of the lesion on mammography >30 mm; (iv) clinical palpability of the lesion. The actual frequency of invasion in the high-risk patient group in the test and validation population was 52.6% and 48.3%, respectively; in the low-risk group it was 16.8% and 7.1%, respectively.Conclusion. The model proved to have good performance. In patients with a low probability of invasion, an axillary procedure can be omitted without a substantial risk of additional surgery.
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Neri, Franco M., Francisco J. Pérez-Reche, Sergei N. Taraskin, and Christopher A. Gilligan. "Heterogeneity in susceptible–infected–removed (SIR) epidemics on lattices." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 55 (2010): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0325.
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The percolation paradigm is widely used in spatially explicit epidemic models where disease spreads between neighbouring hosts. It has been successful in identifying epidemic thresholds for invasion, separating non-invasive regimes, where the disease never invades the system, from invasive regimes where the probability of invasion is positive. However, its power is mainly limited to homogeneous systems. When heterogeneity (environmental stochasticity) is introduced, the value of the epidemic threshold is, in general, not predictable without numerical simulations. Here, we analyse the role of heterogeneity in a stochastic susceptible–infected–removed epidemic model on a two-dimensional lattice. In the homogeneous case, equivalent to bond percolation, the probability of invasion is controlled by a single parameter, the transmissibility of the pathogen between neighbouring hosts. In the heterogeneous model, the transmissibility becomes a random variable drawn from a probability distribution. We investigate how heterogeneity in transmissibility influences the value of the invasion threshold, and find that the resilience of the system to invasion can be suitably described by two control parameters, the mean and variance of the transmissibility. We analyse a two-dimensional phase diagram, where the threshold is represented by a phase boundary separating an invasive regime in the high-mean, low-variance region from a non-invasive regime in the low-mean, high-variance region of the parameter space. We thus show that the percolation paradigm can be extended to the heterogeneous case. Our results have practical implications for the analysis of disease control strategies in realistic heterogeneous epidemic systems.
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Gordon, Doria R., S. Luke Flory, Aimee L. Cooper, and Sarah K. Morris. "Assessing the Invasion Risk ofEucalyptusin the United States Using the Australian Weed Risk Assessment." International Journal of Forestry Research 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/203768.
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Many agricultural species have undergone selection for traits that are consistent with those that increase the probability that a species will become invasive. However, the risk of invasion may be accurately predicted for the majority of plant species tested using the Australian Weed Risk Assessment (WRA). This system has been tested in multiple climates and geographies and, on average, correctly identifies 90% of the major plant invaders as having high invasion risk, and 70% of the noninvaders as having low risk. We used this tool to evaluate the invasion risk of 38Eucalyptustaxa currently being tested and cultivated in the USA for pulp, biofuel, and other purposes. We predict 15 taxa to have low risk of invasion, 14 taxa to have high risk, and 9 taxa to require further information. In addition to a history of naturalization and invasiveness elsewhere, the traits that significantly contribute to a high invasion risk conclusion include having prolific seed production and a short generation time. Selection against these traits should reduce the probability that eucalypts cultivated in the USA will become invasive threats to natural areas and agricultural systems.
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Petsinis, Petros, Andreas Pavlogiannis, and Panagiotis Karras. "Maximizing the Probability of Fixation in the Positional Voter Model." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 10 (2023): 12269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i10.26446.
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The Voter model is a well-studied stochastic process that models the invasion of a novel trait A (e.g., a new opinion, social meme, genetic mutation, magnetic spin) in a network of individuals (agents, people, genes, particles) carrying an existing resident trait B. Individuals change traits by occasionally sampling the trait of a neighbor, while an invasion bias δ ≥ 0 expresses the stochastic preference to adopt the novel trait A over the resident trait B. The strength of an invasion is measured by the probability that eventually the whole population adopts trait A, i.e., the fixation probability. In more realistic settings, however, the invasion bias is not ubiquitous, but rather manifested only in parts of the network. For instance, when modeling the spread of a social trait, the invasion bias represents localized incentives. In this paper, we generalize the standard biased Voter model to the positional Voter model, in which the invasion bias is effectuated only on an arbitrary subset of the network nodes, called biased nodes. We study the ensuing optimization problem, which is, given a budget k, to choose k biased nodes so as to maximize the fixation probability of a randomly occurring invasion. We show that the problem is NP-hard both for finite δ and when δ → ∞ (strong bias), while the objective function is not submodular in either setting, indicating strong computational hardness. On the other hand, we show that, when δ → 0 (weak bias), we can obtain a tight approximation in O(n^2ω ) time, where ω is the matrix-multiplication exponent. We complement our theoretical results with an experimental evaluation of some proposed heuristics.
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Wang, Hsiao-Hsuan, and William E. Grant. "Determinants of Chinese and European Privet (Ligustrum sinense and Ligustrum vulgare) Invasion and Likelihood of Further Invasion in Southern U.S. Forestlands." Invasive Plant Science and Management 5, no. 4 (2012): 454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-12-00038.1.
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AbstractChinese and European privets are among the most aggressive invasive shrubs in forestlands of the southern United States. We analyzed extensive field data collected by the U.S. Forest Service covering 12 states to identify potential determinants of invasion and to predict likelihood of further invasion under a variety of possible management strategies. Results of multiple logistic regression, which classified 75% of the field plots correctly with regard to species presence and absence, indicated probability of invasion is correlated positively with elevation, adjacency (within 300 m) to waterbodies, mean extreme maximum temperature, site productivity, species diversity, natural regeneration, wind disturbance, animal disturbance, and private land ownership and is correlated negatively with slope, stand age, site preparation, artificial regeneration, distance to the nearest road, fire disturbance, and public land ownership. Habitats most at risk to further invasion (likelihood of invasion > 10%) under current conditions occur throughout Mississippi, with a band stretching eastward across south-central Alabama, and in eastern Texas and western Louisiana. Invasion likelihoods could be reduced most by conversion to public land ownership, followed by site preparation, fire disturbance, artificial regeneration, and elimination of animal disturbance. While conversion of land ownership may be neither feasible nor desirable, this result emphasizes the opportunity for reducing the likelihood of invasions on private lands via increased use of selected management practices.
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Barasa, Bernard, Cosmas Walyaula Watsusi, Paul Makoba Gudoyi, Noah Lutaaya, Loy Turyabanawe Gumisiriza, and John Paul Magaya. "Desert Locust Invasion in Uganda: Effects on Household Food Consumption and Effective Control Interventions." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (2023): 14496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914496.
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Desert locust invasions are still a danger to the well-being of natural and man-made ecosystems in the tropics. This study examined desert locust invasion duration, survival probability, and control as well as their effects on household food item consumption in the drylands of Uganda. Primary socioeconomic data were collected using various methods (household survey, focus group discussion, and key informant interviews) in May/June 2020 to document the perceptions of households regarding locusts. Our findings reveal that the most significant drivers of desert locust invasions were rainfall, surface temperature, strong winds, soil moisture, soil type, and vegetation type (p ≤ 0.05). The locusts lasted between 3 and 4 weeks. The survival probability of locusts beyond 1 week was 90%. There were significant differences in the day’s food items consumed before and after the locust invasion, except for ground nuts and cashew nuts (p ≤ 0.05). The number of days per month the food items were consumed decreased after the locust invasion. The most effective locust control measure undertaken was the use of ground and aerial pesticide spraying. The major sources of desert locust control information were radio and television. This information is a prerequisite in desert locust invasion preparedness, response, and recovery but can also strengthen sustainable green economy efforts, especially in fragile semi-arid ecosystems.
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Roloson, Scott D., Kyle M. Knysh, Michael R. S. Coffin, Karen L. Gormley, Christina C. Pater, and Michael R. van den Heuvel. "Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) habitat overlap with wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in natural streams: do habitat and landscape factors override competitive interactions?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 11 (2018): 1949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0342.
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The purpose of this study was to update rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) invasion status, delineate factors that increase the invasion probability, and quantify habitat overlap between invasive rainbow trout and native Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on Prince Edward Island, Canada. Analysis of landscape-level variables in 26 watersheds (14 with and 12 without rainbow trout) demonstrated that watershed slope, percent agricultural land use, and distance to the nearest rainbow trout population significantly increased the probability of rainbow trout establishment. Two independent reach-level fish community surveys were conducted by electrofishing in combination with habitat surveys. Reaches with rainbow trout had higher stream slope, Atlantic salmon were found in wider reaches with larger substrate, and brook trout were typically dominant in headwater reaches with finer substrate. Findings at multiple ecological scales illustrated that rainbow trout invasion success is positively influenced by the presence of high-slope habitat. Habitat separation of the three salmonid species indicates that competition with introduced rainbow trout may not be the most significant threat to native salmonid populations.
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Najafi, M. N., Z. Moghaddam, M. Samadpour, and Nuno A. M. Araújo. "Invasion sandpile model." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2020, no. 7 (2020): 073205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ab96b4.
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Liu, Zhuo, Liwei Li, Peng Hong, et al. "A Predictive Model for Tumor Invasion of the Inferior Vena Cava Wall Using Multimodal Imaging in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma and Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus." BioMed Research International 2020 (October 6, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9530618.
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Purpose. Developed a preoperative prediction model based on multimodality imaging to evaluate the probability of inferior vena cava (IVC) vascular wall invasion due to tumor infiltration. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 110 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with level I-IV tumor thrombus who underwent radical nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy between January 2014 and April 2019. The patients were categorized into two groups: 86 patients were used to establish the imaging model, and the data validation was conducted in 24 patients. We measured the imaging parameters and used logistic regression to evaluate the uni- and multivariable associations of the clinical and radiographic features of IVC resection and established an image prediction model to assess the probability of IVC vascular wall invasion. Results. In all of the patients, 46.5% (40/86) had IVC vascular wall invasion. The residual IVC blood flow (OR 0.170 [0.047-0.611]; P = 0.007 ), maximum coronal IVC diameter in mm (OR 1.203 [1.065-1.360]; P = 0.003 ), and presence of bland thrombus (OR 3.216 [0.870-11.887]; P = 0.080 ) were independent risk factors of IVC vascular wall invasion. We predicted vascular wall invasion if the probability was >42% as calculated by: Ln Pre / 1 − pre = 0.185 × maximum cornal IVC diameter + 1.168 × bland thrombus – 1.770 × residual IVC blood flow – 5.857 . To predict IVC vascular wall invasion, a rate of 76/86 (88.4%) was consistent with the actual treatment, and in the validation patients, 21/26 (80.8%) was consistent with the actual treatment. Conclusions. Our model of multimodal imaging associated with IVC vascular wall invasion may be used for preoperative evaluation and prediction of the probability of partial or segmental IVC resection.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Invasion probability"
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Brouard, Vianney. "Cell dynamics of multitype populations in oncology and Invasion probability of cooperative parasites in structured host populations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0037.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de deux modèles stochastiques liés à des problèmes médicaux. Le premier vise à comprendre le processus épidémique généré par des bactériophages coopératifs dans une population de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques. Pour cela, nous introduisons un modèle épidémiologique où les infections sont générées par la coopération de parasites dans une population d'hôtes structurée selon un modèle de configuration. Une transition de phase est observée pour la probabilité d'invasion dépendant du degré de connectivité des sommets et du nombre de parasites générés lors d'une infection d'un hôte. Au seuil critique, la probabilité d'invasion est identifiée comme la probabilité de survie d'un processus de Galton-Watson.Dans le but d'obtenir un modèle biologiquement plus pertinent, nous avons analysé un modèle similaire où une structure spatiale est ajoutée à la population d'hôtes en utilisant un "random geometric graph". Nous avons montré qu'une telle structure spatiale facilite la coopération des parasites. Une transition de phase similaire se produit où au seuil critique, des bornes supérieure et inférieure sont obtenues pour la probabilité d'invasion en tant que probabilités de survie de deux processus de branchement avec coopération.La deuxième question médicale concerne la compréhension de l'évolution de la composition génétique d'une tumeur en formation, en utilisant des processus de naissance et de mort multitypes branchants sur un espace de traits fini. Considérant une évolution neutre et délétère, nous fournissons des résultats au premier ordre asymptotique pour toutes les tailles des sous-populations mutantes. En particulier, nous capturons la stochasticité associée aux tailles des sous-populations mutantes lorsqu'une tumeur est observée cliniquement, et surtout nous caractérisons les chemins évolutifs effectifs, fournissant des informations sur le passé, le présent et le futur de l'évolution tumorale.Au-delà de ce cadre restrictif d'évolution neutre et délétère, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour comprendre le premier ordre asymptotique du premier trait mutant sélectif<br>This thesis focuses on the study of two stochastic models related to medical problems. The first one lies on understanding infection spread of cooperating bacteriophages on a structured multi-drug resistant bacterial host population. Motivated by this example, we introduce an epidemiological model where infections are generated by cooperation of parasites in a host population structured on a configuration model. We analysed the invasion probability for which we obtain a phase transition depending on the connectivity degree of the vertices and the offspring number of parasites during an infection of a host. At the critical scaling, the invasion probability is identified as the survival probability of a Galton-Watson process. With the aim to get a biological more relevant model, we analysed a similar model where a spatial structure is added for the host population using a random geometric graph. We have shown that such spatial structure facilitates cooperation of parasites. A similar phase transition occurs where at the same critical scaling the invasion probability is upper and lower bounded by the survival probabilities of two discrete branching processes with cooperation. The second medical question deals with understanding the evolution of the genetic composition of a tumor under carcinogenesis, using multitype birth and death branching process models on a general finite trait space. In the case of neutral and deleterious cancer evolution, we provide first-order asymptotics results on all mutant subpopulation sizes. In particular such results capture the randomness of all cell trait sizes when a tumor is clinically observed, and mostly it allows to characterize the effective evolutionary pathways, providing information on the past, present, and future of tumor evolution.Moving beyond this restrictive neutral and deleterious cancer evolution framework, we provide a new method to understand the first selective mutant trait size
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Wang, Jaqueline Yu Ting. "Determinação pré-natal não invasiva de paternidade utilizando micro-haplótipos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/95/95131/tde-08012018-143011/.
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Testes de paternidade geralmente são feitos analisando amostras de DNA do suposto pai, mãe e criança. Para realizar esse exame antes de a criança nascer era preciso recorrer à métodos invasivos, tais como amniocentese e biópsia de vilo corial. Com a descoberta de DNA fetal livre (fcfDNA) no soro e plasma materno, hoje é possível utilizar técnicas que usem esse fcfDNA diminuindo assim os riscos à saúde do feto e da mãe. Testes de pa- ternidade que analisam Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) do fcfDNA, embora possíveis, não são confiáveis, pois muitas vezes há degradação do DNA. Por sua vez, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) têm sido demonstrados como bons candidatos para identificação humana e podem ser obtidos de fragmentos pequenos de DNA (ou seja, mesmo com o DNA degradado). No entanto, SNPs possuem um número limitado de alelos diferentes (entre dois e quatro). Micro-haplótipos são segmentos cromossomais menores do que 200 pb (pares de bases), contendo dois ou mais SNPs que formam pelo menos três haplótipos distintos. Ao utilizá-los como marcadores genéticos, aumentamos o número de possíveis alelos formados a partir dos SNPs. Como o fcfDNA possui um tamanho de aproximada- mente 145 pb, isso é suficiente para conter micro-haplótipos que podem ser sequenciados usando tecnologia de Sequenciamento de Nova Geração (NGS). O objetivo desse projeto é determinar a probabilidade de paternidade usando SNPs dentro de micro-haplótipos. Os micro-haplótipos foram escolhidos com base em literatura prévia e as frequências relativas destes foram calculadas com base nos grupos étnicos dos dados do 1000 Genomes. Dados brutos de sequenciamento de três amostras de DNA são analisados: o suposto pai, a mãe e o plasma materno (mistura de DNA livre da mãe e do feto). Em seguida, desenvolvemos scripts para obter e analisar os genótipos do suposto pai e da mãe, para cada um dos micro-haplótipos escolhidos. Combinando informação genotípica, frequências populacio- nais e frações fetais (plasma), desenvolvemos um método para calcular a probabilidade de paternidade em casos de não exclusão da mesma.<br>Paternity tests are usually done by analyzing DNA samples from the alleged father, the mother, and the child. To perform this exam before the birth, invasive methods such as am- niocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are usually necessary. Fortunately, the discovery of fetal cell-free DNA (fcfDNA) in maternal plasma and serum, and the development of te- chniques to analyze this fcfDNA have allowed researchers to reduce the health risk for both fetus and mother. Although paternity tests that analyze Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) from fcfDNA are possible, they are not reliable because DNA degradation often occurs. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) have been demonstrated as good candidates for human identification and they can be obtained from small DNA fragments (even from de- graded DNA). However, SNPs have a limited number of different alleles (between two and four). Microhaplotypes are chromosomal segments smaller than 200 bp (base pairs) con- taining two or more SNPs that form at least three distinct haplotypes. By using them as genetic markers, we increased the number of possible alleles formed from the SNPs. Since fcfDNA has approximately 145 bp, this is sufficient to contain microhaplotypes that can be sequenced using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. The aim of this project is to determine the probability of paternity using SNPs within microhaplotypes. Microha- plotypes were chosen based on previous literature review. The haplotype frequencies were calculated based on the ethnic groups from 1000 Genomes database. Raw DNA sequence data from three DNA samples were analyzed: the alleged father, the mother, and the maternal plasma (mixture of mother and fcfDNA). Then, we developed scripts to analyse and obtain the genotypes of the alleged father and mother, for each microhaplotype. By combining genotypic information, population frequencies, and fetal fractions (plasma), we developed a method to calculate the probability of paternity in cases of non-exclusion.
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Bellec, Jérémie. "Prise en compte de la variabilité dans le calcul de structures avec contact." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472143.
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aL'objectif de ce travail est la représentation et la propagation de variabilités dues aux incertitudes dans lescalculs d'assemblages complexes. Nous avons donc commencé par distinguer les différents types de paramètresvariables à modéliser et par répertorier un certain nombre de moyens permettant d'obtenir des informationsstatistiques sur ceux-ci. Nous avons ensuite fait une étude bibliographique des différentes méthodes de calculpermettant de traiter ces incertitudes avec une attention particulière pour les méthodes probabilistes dites nonintrusives que nous avons testé sur un exemple simple. La disparité des résultats obtenus nous à amener à définir unestimateur d'erreur dans le cadre stochastique permettant de quantifier la qualité des modèles utilisés. A partir de cetestimateur, nous avons définit deux indicateurs heuristiques spécifiques permettant de distinguer la part de l'erreurdue à l'approximation stochastique de celle due à l'approximation géométrique. Ces outils ont ensuite permis dedéfinir une technique de calcul adaptative pour les problèmes stochastiques que nous avons appliqué sur un problèmecomplexe proposé par SNECMA.
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Malahlela, Oupa. "Intergrating environmental variables with worldview-2 data to model the probability of occurence of invasive chromolena odata in forest canopy gaps : Dukuduku forest in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10562.
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Several alien plants are invading subtropical forest ecosystems through canopy gaps,
resulting in the loss of native species biodiversity. The loss of native species in such habitats
may result in reduced ecosystem functioning. The control and eradication of these invaders
requires accurate mapping of the levels of invasion in canopy gaps. Our study tested (i) the
utility of WorldView-2 imagery to map forest canopy gaps, and (ii) an integration of
WorldView-2 data with environmental data to model the probability of occurrence of
invasive Chromolaena odorata (triffid weed) in Dukuduku forest canopy gaps of KwaZulu-
Natal, South Africa. Both pixel-based classification and object-based classification were
explored for the delineation of forest canopy gaps. The overall classification accuracies
increased by ± 12% from a spectrally resampled 4 band image similar to Landsat (74.64%) to
an 8 band WorldView-2 imagery (86.90%). This indicates that the new bands of WorldView
such as the red edge band can improve on the capability of common red, blue, green and
near-infrared bands in delineating forest canopy gaps. The maximum likelihood classifier
(MLC) in pixel-based classification yielded the overall classification accuracy of 86.90% on
an 8 band WorldView-2 image, while the modified plant senescence reflectance index
(mPSRI) in object-based classification yielded 93.69%. The McNemar’s test indicated that
there was a statistical difference between the MLC and the mPSRI. The mPSRI is a
vegetation index that incorporates the use of the red edge band, which solves a saturation
problem common in sensors such as Landsat and SPOT.
An integrated model (with both WorldView-2 data and environmental data) used to predict
the occurrence of Chromolaena odorata in forest gaps yielded a deviance of about 42% (D2 =
0.42), compared to the model derived from environmental data only (D2 = 0.12) and
WorldView-2 data only (D2 = 0.20). A D2 of 0.42 means that a model can explain about 42%
of the variability of the presence/absence of Chromolaena odorata in forest gaps. The
Distance to Stream and Aspect were the significant environmental variables (ρ < 0.05) which
were positively correlated with presence/absence of Chromolaena in forest gaps.
WorldView-2 bands such as the coastal band (λ425 nm) yellow band (λ605 nm) and the nearinfrared-
1 (λ833 nm) are positively and significantly related to the presence/absence of
invasive species (ρ < 0.05). On the other hand, a significant negative correlation (ρ < 0.05) of
near-infrared-2 band (λ950 nm) and the red edge normalized difference vegetation index
(NDVI725) suggests that the probability of occurrence of invasive Chromolaena increases forest gaps with low vegetation density. This study highlights the importance of WorldView-
2 imagery and its application in subtropical indigenous coastal forest monitoring.<br>Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.
Bücher zum Thema "Invasion probability"
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Mesurier, Havilland Le. Thoughts on a French Invasion, with Reference to the Probability of Its Success, and the Proper Means of Resisting It. by Havilland Le Mesurier,. Gale Ecco, Print Editions, 2018.
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Mesurier, Havilland Le. Thoughts on a French Invasion, With Reference to the Probability of its Success, and the Proper Means of Resisting it. By Havilland Le Mesurier, ... Second Edition. Gale ECCO, Print Editions, 2018.
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Gross, Wendy L., Lebron Cooper, Robert T. Faillace, Douglas C. Shook, Suanne M. Daves, and Robert M. Savage. New Challenges for Anesthesiologists Outside of the Operating Room: The Cardiac Catheterization and Electrophysiology Laboratories. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495756.003.0022.
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Invasive cardiology procedures have changed dramatically over the past 5–10 years. With technological advancement, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures have become broader in scope and complexity, and patient acuity has escalated dramatically. In parallel, the involvement of anesthesiologists has grown. In this chapter, we present an overview of the laboratory environment(s), the evolution and future pathways of current practice(s), cases performed in each venue, and current anesthetic approaches. In this new and changing arena, collaboration and planning between cardiologists and anesthesiologists maximizes patient safety and increases the probability of procedural success. A thorough understanding of the procedure to be performed is required in order for anesthesiologists to define and delineate the extent of their involvement, and is a clear prerequisite for the formulation of a safe and effective anesthetic plan. A common knowledge base and mutual respect for each contributing discipline form the basis for integration of cardiology and anesthesia services in pursuit of optimized patient care.
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Shaikh, Mohd Faraz. Machine Learning in Detecting Auditory Sequences in Magnetoencephalography Data : Research Project in Computational Modelling and Simulation. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.411.
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Does your brain replay your recent life experiences while you are resting? An open question in neuroscience is which events does our brain replay and is there any correlation between the replay and duration of the event? In this study I tried to investigate this question by using Magnetoencephalography data from an active listening experiment. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique used to study the brain activity and understand brain dynamics in perception and cognitive tasks particularly in the fields of speech and hearing. It records the magnetic field generated in our brains to detect the brain activity. I build a machine learning pipeline which uses part of the experiment data to learn the sound patterns and then predicts the presence of sound in the later part of the recordings in which the participants were made to sit idle and no sound was fed. The aim of the study of test replay of learned sound sequences in the post listening period. I have used classification scheme to identify patterns if MEG responses to different sound sequences in the post task period. The study concluded that the sound sequences can be identified and distinguished above theoretical chance level and hence proved the validity of our classifier. Further, the classifier could predict the sound sequences in the post-listening period with very high probability but in order to validate the model results on post listening period, more evidence is needed.
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Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, Gareth Morris-Stiff, and Madhumita Bhattacharyya. Gynaecological cancers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0020_update_001.
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Genitourinary cancers examines the malignancies arising in the kidney, ureter, bladder, prostate, testis, and penis. Renal cancer has high propensity for systemic spread, largely mediated by overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Treatments include surgery, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Wilms tumour, a childhood malignancy of the kidney, warrants specialist paediatric oncology management to provide expertise in its unique pathology, staging, and treatment, often with surgery and chemotherapy. Cancer of the bladder and ureters, another tobacco related cancer, may present as either superficial or invasive disease. The former is managed by transurethral resection and intravesical therapy. The latter may require radical surgery, preoperative chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Prostate cancer, the commonest male cancer, is an androgen dependent malignancy. It has attracted controversy with regards to PSA screening, and potential over treatment with radical prostatectomy. Division into low, intermediate, and high risk disease according to tumour grade, stage, and PSA helps in deciding best treatment, antiandrogen therapy for metastatic disease, radiotherapy and adjuvant hormone therapy for locally advanced disease, either surgery or radiotherapy for early intermediate risk disease, and active monitoring for low risk cases. Testicular cancer divides according to pathology into seminoma, nonseminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT), and mixed tumours, the latter two frequently producing tumour markers, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and/or human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Stage I disease is managed by inguinal orchidectomy and surveillance or adjuvant chemotherapy. More advanced disease is managed by chemotherapy, with high probability of cure in the majority. Penile cancer, often HPV related, can be excised when it presents early, but delay in presentation may lead to regional and systemic spread with poor prognosis.
Buchteile zum Thema "Invasion probability"
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Friedman, Jeffrey A. "The Politics of Uncertainty and Blame." In War and Chance. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190938024.003.0006.
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This chapter explores the politics of assessing uncertainty in international affairs, particularly the notion that clear probability assessments expose foreign policy analysts to excessive criticism. Although this idea is widespread among scholars and practitioners of international relations, there is just as much reason to believe that the opposite is true. If foreign policy discourse is truly as polarized as the conventional wisdom suggests, then leaving key judgments vague could actually increase blame exposure by giving critics the opportunity to make ambiguous statements seem more mistaken than they really are. The chapter supports this claim by combing experimental evidence in a historical review of perceived intelligence failures such as the Bay of Pigs invasion, the Yom Kippur War, and assessments of Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction programs.
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Lin, Chong-Pin. "The Military Balance in the Taiwan Straits." In China’s Military in Transition. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198292616.003.0013.
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Abstract The 1994 book The Intercalary August 1995, a fictional account of a surgical-strike invasion of Taiwan by China, sold a record 200,000 copies between August and December 1994.The huge sales volume reflected a growing sense of insecurity among Taiwan’s residents, despite a visitor’s observation months earlier that the two sides had “rarely been more peaceful.”In the latter half of 1994, China staged its largest military exercise in years and Taiwan followed suit as if in response. Concurrently, Taiwanese emigration reached a six-year peak, which many perceived to have resulted from residents fleeing in fear. By early 1995, some U.S. officials admitted publicly that one had to take seriously the threat that “the mainland could invade” Taiwan. This statement represents a shifting post-Cold War perception from marginalizing China’s attack on Taiwan almost as a non-issue to reckoning such conflict as a possibility bordering on probability. Beginning in late July 1995, China reinforced this shift by testing missiles and artilleries in waters with unprecedented proximity to Taiwan, imposing in effect a series of temporary blockades on the island.
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Ling, Nicholas. "Management of invasive fish." In Invasive Species Management. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199216321.003.0013.
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Abstract Current understanding of the biology of fish invasions and the development of statistical tools for their prevention lags well behind comparable knowledge for other taxonomic groups such as birds and plants (Veltman et al. 1996; Goodwin et al. 1999). A recent analysis of fish introductions in Europe (Garcia-Berthou et al. 2005) warns that the probability of introduced fish becoming established far exceeds that proposed for other taxonomic groups, such as the ‘tens’ rule of Williamson and Fitter (1996b).
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Fontenot, Taylor, and Annabel E. Barber. "Invasive and Non-Invasive Methods of Diagnosing H. pylori Infection: A Review of Current Practice." In Towards the Eradication of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection - Rapid Diagnosis and Precision Treatment [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004779.
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H. pylori infection can be diagnosed using both noninvasive and invasive methods. There is no one gold standard test that is used for diagnosis. Invasive methods of diagnosis involve endoscopy with biopsy, histologic examination, culture, and rapid urease testing. There are certain clinical situations that are appropriate for noninvasive testing and invasive testing. Choosing the appropriate method of diagnosis is dependent upon multiple factors including pretest probability of Infection as well as cost-effectiveness and availability. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the current options of diagnosis, when invasive testing is indicated, and the interpretation of the results obtained.
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Manoukis, Nicholas C. "Quantifying captures from insect pest trap networks." In Advances in monitoring of native and invasive insect pests of crops. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2022.0113.02.
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In this chapter a high-level overview of the goals of trap networks, some examples and details for tephritid fruit flies, and then a detailed description of the TrapGrid model are given. TrapGrid can be used to quantify the probability of capturing insects instantaneously or over time using a function that relates distance from a given trap to probability of capture and two models of insect dispersal. Brief descriptions of other modeling approaches to these questions, some of which have seen application outside of research, are discussed followed by ideas for the application of TrapGrid, including a way to determine trap attraction (the parameter λ in the model) and how to compare alternative trap layouts on a landscape scale. Finally, in the practicum, a working example was given comparing two alternative trap layouts in a 1 km2 area via quantification of capture probability instantaneously and over 30d.
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Aulus-Giacosa, Lucie, Olivia K. Bates, Aymeric Bonnamour, et al. "Effects of climate change on insect distributions and invasions." In Effects of Climate Change on Insects. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864161.003.0011.
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Abstract Large-scale range shifts towards higher latitudes change have occurred in many (but not all) studied species, yet spatial changes may be more complex. Because insects are small organisms, fine-scale environmental heterogeneity (topography, habitats, land use and microclimate) may be more relevant to understand their response to climate change. In addition, insects differ in their ecophysiology and life-history traits, preventing an overall forecast of insects’ responses to climate change. Species range shifts are often not synchronized, creating new opportunities for interactions (facilitation or competition) within new communities. Moreover, climate change may affect the introduction probability, establishment likelihood and dispersal dynamics of introduced species. A variety of models have been developed to predict future insect distributions, ranging from simple species distribution models to more complex mechanistic models integrating species demography, dispersal and biotic interactions. Combining these predictions with experimental data will improve our understanding of species distributions under climate change.
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Robert-Ebadi, Helia, Grégoire Le Gal, and Marc Righini. "Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism and evolving imaging modalities." In ESC CardioMed. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0659.
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Modern non-invasive diagnostic strategies for pulmonary embolism rely on the sequential use of clinical probability assessment, D-dimer measurement, and thoracic imaging tests. Planar ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy was the cornerstone test for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism for more than two decades and has now been replaced by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Diagnostic strategies using CTPA are very safe to rule out pulmonary embolism and have been well validated in large prospective management outcome studies. Venous compression ultrasonography is the cornerstone test to diagnose deep vein thrombosis but is not mandatory for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism when using multidetector CTPA.
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Robert-Ebadi, Helia, Grégoire Le Gal, and Marc Righini. "Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism and evolving imaging modalities." In ESC CardioMed. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0659_update_001.
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Modern non-invasive diagnostic strategies for pulmonary embolism rely on the sequential use of clinical probability assessment, D-dimer measurement, and thoracic imaging tests. Planar ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy was the cornerstone test for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism for more than two decades and has now been replaced by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Diagnostic strategies using CTPA are very safe to rule out pulmonary embolism and have been well validated in large prospective management outcome studies. Venous compression ultrasonography is the cornerstone test to diagnose deep vein thrombosis but is not mandatory for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism when using multidetector CTPA.
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Ferguson, Carrie, and Klaus K. Witte. "Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic heart failure." In Oxford Textbook of Heart Failure, edited by Andrew L. Clark, Roy S. Gardner, and Theresa A. McDonagh. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766223.003.0026.
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In patients presenting with heart failure, assessment of underlying aetiology is critical for optimal management. To differentiate between ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, invasive coronary angiography is frequently performed. This technique is currently considered the reference standard for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). In patients with intermediate–high probability of CAD or in patients with documented ischemia on non-invasive stress testing, this method is recommended, especially since the technique also provides the opportunity for direct intervention. However, in patients with low–intermediate risk of CAD and no chest pain symptoms, anatomical imaging with coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography may be more appropriate. With this technology, high-resolution images of the coronary arteries are obtained. In addition, detailed information on cardiac structures, myocardial function, and to some extent also myocardial scar can be derived from cardiac CT. The aim of the current chapter is to review the various applications of cardiac CT that may be relevant in the setting of heart failure.
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Tops, Laurens F., Michiel A. de Graaf, Victoria Delgado, and Jeroen J. Bax. "Computed tomography imaging techniques." In Oxford Textbook of Heart Failure, edited by Andrew L. Clark, Roy S. Gardner, and Theresa A. McDonagh. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766223.003.0025.
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In patients presenting with heart failure, assessment of underlying aetiology is critical for optimal management. To differentiate between ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, invasive coronary angiography is frequently performed. This technique is currently still considered the reference standard for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). In patients with intermediate–high probability of CAD or in patients with documented ischaemia on non-invasive stress testing this method is recommended, especially since the technique also provides the opportunity for direct intervention. However, in patients with low–intermediate risk of CAD and no chest pain symptoms, anatomical imaging with coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) may be more appropriate. With this technology, high-resolution images of the coronary arteries are obtained. In addition, detailed information on cardiac structures, myocardial function and to some extent also myocardial scar can be derived from cardiac computed tomography (CT). The aim of the current chapter is to provide an overview of the various applications of cardiac CT that may be relevant in the setting of heart failure.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Invasion probability"
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Durocher, Loke, Panagiotis Karras, Andreas Pavlogiannis, and Josef Tkadlec. "Invasion Dynamics in the Biased Voter Process." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/38.
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The voter process is a classic stochastic process that models the invasion of a mutant trait A (e.g., a new opinion, belief, legend, genetic mutation, magnetic spin) in a population of agents (e.g., people, genes, particles) who share a resident trait B, spread over the nodes of a graph. An agent may adopt the trait of one of its neighbors at any time, while the invasion bias r quantifies the stochastic preference towards (r>1) or against (r<1) adopting A over B. Success is measured in terms of the fixation probability, i.e., the probability that eventually all agents have adopted the mutant trait A. In this paper we study the problem of fixation probability maximization under this model: given a budget k, find a set of k agents to initiate the invasion that maximizes the fixation probability. We show that the problem is NP-hard for both regimes r>1 and r<1, while the latter case is also inapproximable within any multiplicative factor that is independent of r. On the positive side, we show that when r>1, the optimization function is submodular and thus can be greedily approximated within a factor 1-1/e. An experimental evaluation of some proposed heuristics corroborates our results.
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Sakun, N. V., and O. A. Bodilovskaya. "THE MARBLE CRAYFISH PROCAMBARUS FALLAX AS INVASIVE SPECIES IN THE WATER BODIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-158-161.
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The article describes crayfish species diversity in the territory of the Republic of Belarus, in particular invasive species - the marble crayfish (PROCAMBARUS FALLAX) and the method of its reproduction. Currently, this species is found in many European countries, but there is a serious probability of its spread in the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Many crayfish species listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus may be endangered in case of an invasion of marble crayfish in the water bodies of Belarus.
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Yu, Xiangru, Fudong Cai, Yimin Dou, and Jinping Li. "Camera Abnormal Movement and Foreign Object Invasion Detection Based on Cumulative Edge Distribution Probability Model." In 2018 International Conference on Security, Pattern Analysis, and Cybernetics (SPAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spac46244.2018.8965465.
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Petsinis, Petros, Andreas Pavlogiannis, Josef Tkadlec, and Panagiotis Karras. "Seed Selection in the Heterogeneous Moran Process." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/254.
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The Moran process is a classic stochastic process that models the rise and takeover of novel traits in network-structured populations. In biological terms, a set of mutants, each with fitness m ∈ (0, ∞) invade a population of residents with fitness 1. Each agent reproduces at a rate proportional to its fitness and each offspring replaces a random network neighbor. The process ends when the mutants either fixate (take over the whole population) or go extinct. The fixation probability measures the success of the invasion. To account for environmental heterogeneity, we study a generalization of the Standard process, called the Heterogeneous Moran process. Here, the fitness of each agent is determined both by its type (resident/mutant) and the node it occupies. We study the natural optimization problem of seed selection: given a budget k, which k agents should initiate the mutant invasion to maximize the fixation probability? We show that the problem is strongly inapproximable: it is NP-hard to distinguish between maximum fixation probability 0 and 1. We then focus on mutant-biased networks, where each node exhibits at least as large mutant fitness as resident fitness. We show that the problem remains NP-hard, but the fixation probability becomes submodular, and thus the optimization problem admits a greedy (1 − 1/e)-approximation. An experimental evaluation of the greedy algorithm along with various heuristics on real-world data sets corroborates our results.
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Chen, Xiujuan, Dongxin Hao, Weidong Shi, Sen Wang, Tiantian Lu, and Ting Lei. "Probability analysis of system special operation mode in the lightning invasion over-voltage calculation of UHV AC Substation." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve49031.2020.9279630.
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Valadares, Carolina Nazareth, Henrique Lima Couto, Aleida Nazareth Soares, et al. "VACUUM-ASSISTED EXCISION (VAE): A POTENTIALLY APPROACH FOR PERCUTANEOUS TREATMENT OF SMALL BREAST TUMORS." In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2022. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s2038.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) for percutaneous treatment of breast cancers. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 1061 vacuum-assisted biopsies (VAB) and VAE for the diagnostic purpose of suspicious breast lesions in a breast unit between April 13, 2017 and November 28, 2020. In total, 116 cases with complete data from VAB/VAE and surgical excision were evaluated. Excision following VAB/VAE was defined as complete resection (CR) if there was no residual tumor, minimal residual disease (MRD) if residual tumor was ≤3 mm, gross residual disease (GRD) if residual tumor was ≥3 mm, and upgrade from DCIS on VAB/VAE to invasive cancer. CR and MRD were combined as potentially resected and treated percutaneously (PRTP). The GRD and those with an upgrade to invasion were determined not suitable for percutaneous treatment. Results: The median age was 55.6 years (20–91; SD 12.27), and the median tumor size on imaging was 11.6 mm (4–88; SD 10.59). Of the 116 tumors, 29 (25%) were CR, 18 (15.5%) were MRD, 64 (55.2%) were GRD, and 5 (4.3%) were upgraded from DCIS to invasion. There were 47 (40.5%) tumors that were PRTP, of which 10 (21.3%) were DCIS and 37 (78.7%) were invasive diseases (12 pure invasive carcinoma [IC], 24 IC + DCIS, and 1 DCIS with microinvasion). In multivariate analysis, a VAE procedure (p=0.008, odds ratio [OR]: 4.4, 95%CI) with low/intermediate nuclear grade (p=0.000, OR: 12.5, 95%CI) and final T≤10 mm (p=0.000, OR: 50.1, 95%CI) were associated with PRTP. In this retrospective analysis, the probability of PRTP of low/intermediate grade tumors smaller than 10 mm undergoing VAE was 84.58%. Conclusion: These data suggest that low/intermediate grade pT1a/b breast tumors can be completely excised with percutaneous VAE. Based on this, small (≤10 mm) IC of low/intermediate grade could be considered for entry to prospective randomized trials of VAE for local treatment, with a long-term follow-up to assess recurrence rates. Standardization of the procedure should be recommended.
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Ye, Yuguang, Honghai Fan, Yuhan Liu, Zhenyu Tao, Haoyu Diao, and Fei Zhou. "A New Method of Kick Evaluation Based on Energy Analysis." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214580-ms.
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Abstract With the gradual progress of drilling to the deep layer, the formation conditions become more and more complex. The safe density window of drilling fluid is narrow, and well kick and overflow occur frequently. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes an overflow evaluation index - overflow formation energy. From the perspective of energy analysis, overflow is regarded as the process of formation fluid doing work on the wellbore, and the power of overflow work can reflect the strength of overflow, so this power is defined as the overflow formation energy. Based on the model established in this paper, the effects of different types of overflow fluid, invasion rate of overflow fluid, drilling fluid density and formation pressure coefficient on overflow formation energy are analyzed. The overflow formation energy of gas is the highest. As the invasion rate of overflow fluid increases, the energy of overflow formation gradually increases. The data of 7 overflow wells are analyzed, and the corresponding overflow formation energy is calculated. It is found that the throttling circulating well killing method is more appropriate when the overflow formation energy is small. The overflow formation energy can quickly evaluate the overflow situation, provide theoretical basis for well control operation, and reduce the probability of well control operation risk.
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Maia, Fernanda Pimentel Arraes, Maria Clara Tomaz Feijão, Emanuel Cintra Austregésilo Bezerra, Ana Carolina Filgueiras Teles, and Luiz Gonzaga Porto Pinheiro. "MALE BREAST CANCER AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A CASE REPORT." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1053.
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Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease representing only 1% of the total cases. This low incident rate could be due to the low amount of breast tissue and the hormonal differences between men and women. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) program reported that the incidence rate of breast cancer was 1.1 per 100,000 men in the mid-1970s and raised to 1.44 per 100,000 men by 2010. There are a lot of characteristics that are common to male and female breast carcinomas, especially given the fact that a lot of the factors that influence malignant changes are similar, but there are also some singularities. In this matter, it is important to understand the existence of risk factors for MBC, particularly the genetic abnormalities, such as BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations. Therefore, a man with this type of predisposition is more likely to develop breast cancer, especially if submitted to an immunosuppressive therapy, normally used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs. This study aimed to report a case of a patient with chronic alcoholism history, who later developed a liver tumor and breast cancer. This patient reported gynecomastia, which could be related to his health condition, given the fact that liver failure and cirrhosis probably started preventing the inactivation of the estrogens by the liver, causing and stimulating proliferation of the mammary tissue, and increasing the chance of gene mutations. We report a 56-year-old man with a history of smoking, chronic alcoholism, and gynecomastia with 10 years of evolution who was diagnosed with cirrhosis and liver tumor in 2014. He underwent two sessions of a chemoradiotherapy treatment, resulting in reduction of the tumor size as a result. In 2015, the patient had a liver transplant. To prevent organ rejection, it was established an immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus 10 mg/day and myfortic 720 mg/day. In 2016, the patient noticed a breast lump and searched for medical assistance. At the appointment, after physical examination, the presence of a 2-×2-cm lump in the right breast was confirmed. A few examinations were requested, such as ultrasonography, which showed a BIRADS4 as a result, chest tomography, and abdominal tomography. The examinations concluded that the lump had a high probability of malignancy. Then, to confirm the suspicion, it was proposed the performance of a fine-needle aspiration of the lump was followed by a core biopsy. The results showed an invasive breast carcinoma positive for estrogen receptors, negative for progesterone receptors, negative for HER-2 oncoprotein, and KI67 5%. Therefore, the molecular classification by immunohistochemistry is a LUMINAL A, which indicates the possibility of a better prognosis. A few days later, the patient was submitted for a radical mastectomy on the right breast. During the surgery, it was also performed a sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) scintigraphy and analysis of the material collected from the right breast. The conclusion expressed positive screening for malignant cells, two lymph nodes compromised by macrometastasis (large focus measuring 1.2 cm with capsular transposition associated) and positive screening for malignant cells suggestive of carcinoma. The tumor, according to a grading system, presented a Scarff-Bloom Richardson modified by Elston and Ellis grade III, with tubular grade 3, nuclear grade 3, and mitotic index 2. It was also identified as focal tumor necrosis, vascular invasion, and perineural invasion. The pathological staging of the tumor was pT2 pN1a (SN+) pMx.
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Belluco, Rosana Zabulon Feijó, Carolina Gaze Gonçalves Fontelene Gomes, Victor Hugo de Lacerda Borges, Júllia Eduarda Feijó Belluco, and Carmelia Matos Santiago Reis. "GIANT MALIGNANT PHYLLODES TUMOR: A RARE CASE REPORT." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1037.
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Introduction: Phyllodes tumor (PT) of the breast is an infrequent neoplasm, which corresponds to less than 0.5% of the breast tumors. The age group at the greatest risk in women is between 35 and 55 years of age. They are classified as benign (60%–75%), borderline (15%–20%), and malignant (10%–20%). In their less aggressive form, they behave like benign fibroadenomas (FA), however, with a tendency to recur locally after excision without wide margins. In contrast, they may present a metastatic component in its most aggressive form. In general, they are referred to as voluminous tumors, larger than 5 cm, painless, of firm consistency, with a raised or lobulated surface, well defined, movable, and without compromising the skin or deep tissues. They are associated with inflammatory axillary nodes in 17% and metastatic in about 1%. Systemic spread is rare and primarily affects the lungs, bones, liver, and brain. However, the preoperative diagnosis is very difficult, since its clinical presentation, in imaging examinations and in biopsies, is like to FA, requiring surgical excision of the lesion for diagnostic confirmation. Surgical treatment alone is the first therapeutic choice. In smaller tumors, general segmental surgical resection with margins of at least 1 cm is necessary for local control. In very voluminous tumors, total mastectomy or adenomastectomy is performed, without the need for axillary dissection, due to the low probability of lymphatic metastasis. Adjuvant radiotherapy is controversial, with a reduction in the rate of relapses, but without a reduction in mortality. A 67-year-old patient came to the gynecology emergency deparment reporting an ulcerated lesion in the right breast for 3 months, associated with intense right breast tenderness and local fetid secretion. She reported an involuntary weight loss of 6 kg and a progressive increase in the lesion, which at the time of the consultation affected practically the entire breast. She reported active smoking for 40 years. On physical examination, a necrotic-looking tumor was observed, occupying all quadrants of the right breast, with local fetid secretion. She underwent core biopsy, which resulted in a poorly differentiated, high-grade malignant neoplasm in the breast and skin on the right, with breast neoplasia to immunohistochemical marking of prognostic factors: estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative, KI67 positive 50%, and HER2 negative. She underwent right mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. The anatomopathological conclusion reported histological aspects of a malignant PT of the breast (cystosarcoma phyllodes). The tumor measured 21×15×9.5 cm, with a high-grade epithelioid appearance and necrosis in 60% of the neoplasm, in addition to the ulcerated skin affected by the malignant lesion, with areola and nipple free of invasion. The margins were free and there was no evidence of vascular invasion. In all, 30 mitotic figures were present in 10 CGA in sarcomatous areas. Two sentinel lymph nodes were isolated and were free of neoplasia. Immunohistochemistry was repeated: KI67 is 45%, HER2, ER, and PR are all negative. The patient was referred for outpatient follow-up at Clinical Oncology, which started adjuvant radiotherapy.
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Hutzl, Jessica, and Heinz Worn. "Spatial probability distribution for port planning in minimal invasive robotic surgery (MIRS)." In 2015 6th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications (ICARA 2015). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icara.2015.7081148.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Invasion probability"
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Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai, and Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.
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Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease observed in most other species. Therefore, the mouse model permitted selection of mutants of reduced intracellular survival that would limit their ability to cause reproductive disease in ruminants. Several classes of mutants were expected. Colonization/invasion requires gene products that enhance host-agent interaction or increase resistance to antibacterial activity in macrophages. The establishment of chronic infection requires gene products necessary for intracellular bacterial growth. Maintenance of chronic infection requires gene products that sustain a low-level metabolism during periods characterized little or no growth (1, 2). Of these mutants, the latter group was of greatest interest with regard to our originally stated premise. However, the results obtained do not necessarily support a simplistic model of vaccine efficacy, i.e., long-survival of vaccine strains provides better immunity. Our conclusion can only be that optimal vaccines will only be developed with a thorough understanding of host agent interaction, and will be preferable to the use of fortuitous isolates of unknown genetic background. Each mutant could be distinguished from among a group of mutants by PCR amplification of the signature tag (5). This approach permitted infection of mice with pools of different mutants (including the parental wild-type as a control) and identified 40 mutants with apparently defective survival characteristics that were tentatively assigned to three distinct classes or groups. Group I (n=13) contained organisms that exhibited reduced survival at two weeks post-infection. Organisms in this group were recovered at normal levels by eight weeks and were not studied further, since they may persist in the host. Group II (n=11) contained organisms that were reduced by 2 weeks post infection and remained at reduced levels at eight weeks post-infection. Group III (n=16) contained mutants that were normal at two weeks, but recovered at reduced levels at eight weeks. A subset of these mutants (n= 15) was confirmed to be attenuated in mixed infections (1:1) with the parental wild-type. One of these mutants was eliminated from consideration due to a reduced growth rate in vitro that may account for its apparent growth defect in the mouse model. Although the original plan involved construction of the mutant bank in B. melitensis Rev 1 the low transformability of this strain, prevented accumulation of the necessary number of mutants. In addition, the probability that Rev 1 already carries one genetic defect increases the likelihood that a second defect will severely compromise the survival of this organism. Once key genes have been identified, it is relatively easy to prepare the appropriate genetic constructs (knockouts) lacking these genes in B. melitensis Rev 1 or any other genetic background. The construction of "designer" vaccines is expected to improve immune protection resulting from minor sequence variation corresponding to geographically distinct isolates or to design vaccines for use in specific hosts. A.2 Mouse Model of Brucella Infection (UWISC) Interferon regulatory factor-1-deficient (IRF-1-/- mice have diverse immunodeficient phenotypes that are necessary for conferring proper immune protection to intracellular bacterial infection, such as a 90% reduction of CD8+ T cells, functionally impaired NK cells, as well as a deficiency in iNOS and IL-12p40 induction. Interestingly, IRF-1-/- mice infected with diverse Brucella abortus strains reacted differently in a death and survival manner depending on the dose of injection and the level of virulence. Notably, 50% of IRF-1-/- mice intraperitoneally infected with a sublethal dose in C57BL/6 mice, i.e., 5 x 105 CFU of virulent S2308 or the attenuated vaccine S19, died at 10 and 20 days post-infection, respectively. Interestingly, the same dose of RB51, an attenuated new vaccine strain, did not induce the death of IRF-1-/- mice for the 4 weeks of infection. IRF-1-/- mice infected with four more other genetically manipulated S2308 mutants at 5 x 105 CFU also reacted in a death or survival manner depending on the level of virulence. Splenic CFU from C57BL/6 mice infected with 5 x 105 CFU of S2308, S19, or RB51, as well as four different S2308 mutants supports the finding that reduced virulence correlates with survival Of IRF-1-/- mice. Therefore, these results suggest that IRF-1 regulation of multi-gene transcription plays a crucial role in controlling B. abortus infection, and IRF-1 mice could be used as an animal model to determine the degree of B. abortus virulence by examining death or survival. A3 Diagnostic Tests for Detection of B. melitensis Rev 1 (Kimron) In this project we developed an effective PCR tool that can distinguish between Rev1 field isolates and B. melitensis virulent field strains. This has allowed, for the first time, to monitor epidemiological outbreaks of Rev1 infection in vaccinated flocks and to clearly demonstrate horizontal transfer of the strain from vaccinated ewes to unvaccinated ones. Moreover, two human isolates were characterized as Rev1 isolates implying the risk of use of improperly controlled lots of the vaccine in the national campaign. Since atypical B. melitensis biotype 1 strains have been characterized in Israel, the PCR technique has unequivocally demonstrated that strain Rev1 has not diverted into a virulent mutant. In addition, we could demonstrate that very likely a new prototype biotype 1 strain has evolved in the Middle East compared to the classical strain 16M. All the Israeli field strains have been shown to differ from strain 16M in the PstI digestion profile of the omp2a gene sequence suggesting that the local strains were possibly developed as a separate branch of B. melitensis. Should this be confirmed these data suggest that the Rev1 vaccine may not be an optimal vaccine strain for the Israeli flocks as it shares the same omp2 PstI digestion profile as strain 16M.