Thematische Bibliographien / Intersection sight distance

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Intersection sight distance“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 30. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Intersection sight distance"

Harwood, Douglas W., John M. Mason und Robert E. Brydia. „Sight Distance for Stop-Controlled Intersections Based on Gap Acceptance“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1701, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1701-05.

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The current AASHTO policy for sight distance at Stop-controlled intersections is based on a model of the acceleration performance of a minor-road vehicle turning left or right onto a major road and the deceleration performance of the following major road vehicle. An alternative intersection sight distance model based on gap acceptance is developed and quantified. Field studies that were performed to determine the critical gaps appropriate for use in sight distance design are described. It is recommended that the sight distance along the major road for a passenger car at a Stop-controlled intersection should be based on a distance equal to 7.5 s of travel time at the design speed of the major road. Longer sight distances are recommended for minor-road approaches that have sufficient truck volumes to warrant consideration of a truck as the design vehicle.

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Lee, Soo-Beom, und William D. Berg. „Development of Safety-Based Level-of-Service Parameters for Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1635, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1635-17.

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Current methods for evaluating level of service at two-way stop-controlled intersections do not account for safety considerations. One of the most important factors influencing intersection safety is the availability of adequate sight distance. However, current recommended intersection sight distance criteria do not explicitly consider variability in traffic composition, vehicle characteristics, pavement conditions, or driver characteristics such as perception-reaction time and minimum gap acceptance. Research was therefore undertaken to develop and validate a method where the safety of a two-way stop-controlled intersection could be estimated based on parameters such as intersection geometry, traffic volume, pavement condition, traffic composition, and available sight distances. Simulation modeling was used to estimate the frequency of potential conflicts or collisions resulting from sight distance restrictions. The potential severity of the collisions was modeled using kinetic energy principles. A method for incorporating the results into a level-of-service evaluation framework was then developed.

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Kilani, Omar, Maged Gouda, Jonas Weiß und Karim El-Basyouny. „Safety Assessment of Urban Intersection Sight Distance Using Mobile LiDAR Data“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 16 (18.08.2021): 9259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169259.

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This paper proposes an automated framework that utilizes Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data to map and detect road obstacles that impact drivers’ field of view at urban intersections. The framework facilitates the simulation of a driver’s field of vision to estimate the blockage percentage as they approach an intersection. Furthermore, a collision analysis is conducted to examine the relationship between poor visibility and safety. The visibility assessment was used to determine the blockage percentage as a function of intersection control type. The safety assessment indicated that intersections with limited available sight distances (ASD) exhibited an increased risk of collisions. The research also conducted a sensitivity analysis to understand the impact of the voxel size on the extraction of intersection obstacles from LiDAR datasets. The findings from this research can be used to assess the intersection without the burden of manual intervention. This would effectively support transportation agencies in identifying hazardous intersections with poor visibility and adopt policies to enhance urban intersections’ operation and safety.

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Awadallah, Faisal. „Intersection sight distance analysis and guidelines“. Transport Policy 16, Nr. 4 (August 2009): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2009.04.001.

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Achtemeier, Jacob, Curtis M. Craig und Nichole L. Morris. „The Effects of Restricted Sight Distances on Drivers at Simulated Rural Intersections“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, Nr. 1 (November 2019): 2122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631497.

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Short sight distances at rural intersections can result in reduced safety including drivers choosing smaller gaps between oncoming vehicles (Yan & Richards, 2010). Conversely, increased sight distances may result in improved driver confidence, but not safety as seen at rail crossings (Ward & Wilde, 1996). Thus, simply increasing sight distances may not result in linear gains in safety. Establishing appropriate lower and upper-visibility limits at rural intersections will minimize operational costs for clearing and grubbing labor and may reduce serious injury and fatal crashes by promoting safer crossing behavior around rural thru-STOP intersections. This driving simulation study will examine intersection visibility and other intersection design factors that influence driver behavior at rural thru-STOPs. Time to collision, or TTC, is a primary motivating factor on driver decisions to cross intersections. Drivers’ TTC perception is a function of oncoming vehicle speed, distance, and rate of retinal expansion (tau; Hancock & Manser, 1997). We hypothesize TTC factors may interact with confidence in intersection crossing judgments. Specifically, when people must quickly make judgments, their confidence must be estimated after the decision has been made, but if the time pressure is not high and the decision is not immediate, people’s judgments and their confidence in those judgments can both be considered prior to action. This can be problematic because people are normally overconfident in their judgments (Harvey, 1997). The present study comprised a crossing judgment block, and a mainline drive block. The experimental stimuli were validated by engineers with experience in rural intersections, who rated the simulated intersections as “significantly representative” to real-world intersections through an average rating score of 5.25 ( SD = 0.5) on a 7-pt scale. This was done to ensure that the study findings would be more likely to be applicable to world intersections. The goal of the study is to identify whether sight distance and other variables, including speed for the judgment task and vehicle proximity to the intersection for the mainline drive task, impact safety at rural intersections.

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Easa, Said M. „Reliability Approach to Intersection Sight Distance Design“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1701, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1701-06.

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The intersection sight distance (ISD) design presented by AASHTO is based on extreme values of the component design variables such as design speed, perception–reaction time (a high percentile), and friction coefficient (a low percentile). A reliability method is presented, based on AASHTO, that does not rely on extreme values but instead considers the moments (mean and variance) of the probability distribution of each random variable. The method also accounts for correlations among the component random variables. In Cases I and II of AASHTO, the variations of the sight distance along both legs of the intersection are considered for both design and evaluation. For evaluation (involving an exiting obstruction), these variations are combined into a single variable that determines whether the corresponding sight line is obstructed. In Case III, only the sight distance leg along the major road has variations. The proposed method is straightforward and involves simple, closed-form mathematics for calculating sight distance and associated reliability. Sensitivity of ISD to various design variables is examined. ISD reliability-based values for various cases are presented from data reported in the literature, and results are compared with current AASHTO design values.

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Easa, Said M., und Zain A. Ali. „Three-Dimensional Stop-Control Intersection Sight Distance“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1961, Nr. 1 (Januar 2006): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198106196100111.

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Salwan, Akshay, Said M. Easa, Narayana Raju und Shriniwas Arkatkar. „Intersection Sight Distance Characteristics of Turbo Roundabouts“. Designs 5, Nr. 1 (08.03.2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs5010016.

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A turbo roundabout uses spiral circulatory roads for effectively counteracting the problems faced in modern multilane roundabouts. First developed in 1996, the turbo roundabout has an advantage over the conventional roundabout regarding capacity and safety. Turbo roundabouts are still in the developing phase in North America, but even in the European subcontinent where they exist in large numbers, reliable analytical studies on the critical parameters of roundabout visibility are lacking. Visibility (sight distance) helps to shape the geometry of the intersection and aids in safety. This paper presents the mathematical characteristics of the intersection geometry and intersection sight distance (ISD) of the turbo roundabout. Mathematical formulas are presented for the sight distance from the approaching vehicle to the conflicting-entering and circulating vehicles. The maximum lateral clearances to the conflicting vehicles are derived using mathematical optimization. The developed analytical method is verified graphically using AutoCAD. To assist in practical applications, design aids for the maximum lateral clearance are presented. The presented method and design aids should aid in promoting safety at turbo roundabouts.

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Himes, Scott, Kim Eccles, Kara Peach, Christopher M. Monsere und Timothy J. Gates. „Estimating the Safety Effects of Intersection Sight Distance at Unsignalized Intersections“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2588, Nr. 1 (Januar 2016): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2588-08.

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Himes, Scott, Richard J. Porter und Kimberly Eccles. „Safety Evaluation of Geometric Design Criteria: Intersection Sight Distance at Unsignalized Intersections“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, Nr. 39 (15.07.2018): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118783162.

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A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 6th Edition, (publisher: AASHTO), provides design criteria for minimum sight distances, including intersection sight distance (ISD). An understanding of the relationship between ISD and safety at stop-controlled intersections is needed, with potential applications of this knowledge to both performance-based design and substantive road safety management practices. To establish this relationship, crash, traffic, and geometric data were collected from 832 two-lane minor unsignalized intersection approaches in Ohio, and Washington. The data were analyzed using a cross-sectional study design to quantify the relationship between safety and ISD. The analyses indicated that the expected number of target crashes are associated with available ISD. Target crash frequencies increase as available ISD decreases. Results suggest that ISD is associated with expected crash frequency in a non-linear fashion. The sensitivity of the expected number of target crashes to changes in ISD is highest when ISD is shorter, and decreases as ISD increases (i.e., the safety benefit of increasing ISD from 300 to 600 ft is substantially larger than the safety benefit of increasing ISD from 1,000 to 1,300 ft). The results also suggest that the impacts of ISD on crash frequencies vary as a function of the major road two-way annual average daily traffic and the major road speed limit. The sensitivity of the expected number of crashes to changes in ISD increases as both traffic volume and speed limit increase. Crash modification functions for each of the target crash types were estimated using the regression models.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Intersection sight distance"

Yan, Xuedong. „SAFETY ISSUES OF RED-LIGHT RUNNING AND UNPROTECTED LEFT-TURN AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS“. Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3429.

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Crashes categorized as running red light or left turning are most likely to occur at signalized intersections and resulted in substantial severe injuries and property damages. This dissertation mainly focused on these two types of vehicle crashes and the research methodology involved several perspectives. To examine the overall characteristics of red-light running and left-turning crashes, firstly, this study applied 1999-2001 Florida traffic crash data to investigate the accident propensity of three aspects of risk factors related to traffic environments, driver characteristics, and vehicle types. A quasi-induced exposure concept and statistical techniques including classification tree model and multiple logistic regression were used to perform this analysis. Secondly, the UCF driving simulator was applied to test the effect of a proposed new pavement marking countermeasure which purpose is to reduce the red-light running rate at signalized intersections. The simulation experiment results showed that the total red-light running rate with marking is significantly lower than that without marking. Moreover, deceleration rate of stopping drivers with marking for the higher speed limit are significantly less than those without marking. These findings are encouraging and suggesting that the pavement marking may result in safety enhancement as far as right-angle and rear-end traffic crashes at signalized intersections. Thirdly, geometric models to compute sight distances of unprotected left-turns were developed for different signalized intersection configurations including a straight approach leading to a straight one, a straight approach leading to a curved one, and a curved approach leading to a curved one. The models and related analyses can be used to layout intersection design or evaluate the sight distance problem of an existing intersection configuration to ensure safe left-turn maneuvers by drivers.
Ph.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering

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Shukurov, Nadir. „Geometrical Design of Turbo Roundabout“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23336/.

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The Turbo Roundabout is a roundabout fitted with spiral roads to efficiently counteract the complexities of the modern multilane roundabout. This roundabout has an edge over cutting-edge roundabouts regarding capacity and safety and was first invented by Professor Fortujin in 1996. Fast driving speeds and many possible conflicts at multilane roundabout approaches, exits and circulatory roadways are the reasons for this type of construction project. Road designers have been attempting to address these issues over the past few years by implementing new roundabout configurations. Turbo-roundabouts have also spread outside of the Netherlands over the last decade, mainly in Eastern Europe and Germany, but also in North America. While the Dutch model for turbo-roundabout design was strictly applied by some nations, others designed them on experimental sites, resulting in geometrical variations unique to the area. We have more than 390 turbo-roundabouts worldwide today. In this paper, the measurement of sight distance on turbo roundabouts with an emphasis on “Intersection Sight Distance” to conflicting vehicle circulation will be studied. The traditional graphical approach has been supplemented with the analytical solution consisting of derivation of generalized mathematical equations for intersection sight distance for conflicting circulating vehicle at turbo roundabout. To determine the design of turbo roundabout instead of standard type we collected numbers, iterations, flow rate and other information from the intersection in Neapol street - M.Hadi-Ashig Alaskar and Vungtau streets in the capital of Azerbaijan, Baku city. The current name of circle is “Ukraine circle” on behalf of friendship between Azerbaijan and Ukraine. Some of these collected specimens were used to perform the by using the software test at the University of Bologna and in Baku Transportation Agency by PTV VISSIM simulation and AutoCAD Civil.

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Bücher zum Thema "Intersection sight distance"

Eccles, Kimberly, Scott Himes, Kara Peach, Frank Gross, Richard J. Porter, Timothy J. Gates und Christopher M. Monsere. Safety Impacts of Intersection Sight Distance. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25082.

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W, Harwood Douglas, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials., United States. Federal Highway Administration. und National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., Hrsg. Intersection sight distance. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1996.

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Guidance for Evaluating the Safety Impacts of Intersection Sight Distance. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25081.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Intersection sight distance"

„Analysis of development of sight distance assessment at intersection“. In Resources, Environment and Engineering II, 27–32. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19136-5.

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„Sight Distance and Gap Study at Intersections“. In Transportation Engineering Basics, 30–34. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784404645.ch06.

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Dhafer Abed, Ali. „Building an Integrated Database of Road Design Elements“. In Geographic Information Systems in Geospatial Intelligence. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88678.

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The road network is the main artery within the city structure, which requires designing of routes and classification within the standards. Hence, the importance of this chapter, which will focus on the standards and design elements of the engineering design of road in terms of road type system, functional classification system, traffic volume system, number of traffic lane system, road width design, side slopes and elevations of road layers, super elevation, design speed, overtaking and stopping sight distance, longitudinal and cross sections of the road path, design elements of horizontal and vertical curves, and intersections. The Civil 3D Land Desktop, GIS programs, and remote sensing technology will be used to design the path of major highway linking two urban areas in Mosul (Northern Iraq), which will be considered a case study. The path of the road and its elements will be designed according to special criteria that are compatible with the topography and nature of the area. The geometric data of the road will then be exported with all the design elements to the GIS program to build an integrated road database. The database is capable of spatial analysis and connectivity with other parts of the road network in the city.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Intersection sight distance"

Liu, Miaomiao, Guangquan Lu und Yang Li. „The Impact Analysis of Intersection Sight Distance on Vehicle Speed“. In Seventh International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Studies (ICTTS) 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41123(383)26.

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