Dissertationen zum Thema „Intersecting objects“

Часто при задаче выделения объектов на изображении возникает проблема пересекающихся объектов. Их сложно разделить обычными методами из-за схожести их текстур. Особенно серьезно эта проблема стоит в определении количества движущихся частиц. Существующие методы выделения имеют высокое время работы. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13151

In Drosophila, the functionally conserved transcription factor, doublesex (dsx), is pivotal to the specification of sexual identity in both males and females. One of its key dedicated roles involves regulating the development of a sexually dimorphic nervous system (NS) that underlies both male and female reproductive behaviours. Specific inhibition of the function of dsx-expressing neurons in males and females results in a global disruption of these sex-specific behavioural outputs. However, little is known about the functional organisation of this dsx circuit that encodes the potential to display these behaviours. Such investigations require the generation of a novel transgenic tool, capable of separating the function of dsx in the NS from that of the body. To achieve this, I generated a novel split-GAL4 dsx^GAL4-DBD hemidriver by ends in homologous recombination. Coupling the novel tool with the pan-neuronal elav^VP16-AD hemidriver, revealed spatial restriction of dsx^GAL4-DBD/elav^VP16-AD expression to dsx neurons only; enabling the realisation of novel patterns of dsx-expression in the peripheral NS. Next, the ability to elicit male-specific behavioural outputs upon activation of all dsx neurons formed the basis of a large behavioural screen aimed at parsing dsx circuitry into functionally distinct clusters. I utilised the novel dsx^GAL4-DBD hemidriver to screen a large collection of extant enhancer trap lines (ET^VP16-AD), for the elicitation of distinct sub-behaviours of male courtship. Here, I show that the activity of dsx-expressing clusters in: i) the brain (dsx-pC1, -pC2 and -pC3 collectively) regulate the early steps of male courtship (initiation, orientation and wing extension), ii) the pro- and mesothoracic ganglia (dsx-TN1 and -TN2) regulate the middle steps of male courtship (wing extension and possibly courtship song) and iii) the abdominal ganglia (dsx-Abg) regulate the late steps of male courtship (abdominal curling, attempted copulation and copulation). These data establish functional correlations between dsx clusters in distinct neuroanatomical foci and specific sub-behaviours of the courtship repertoire. Furthermore, the novel intersectional tool primed a collaborative study on female post-copulatory behaviours. We identified key sensory neurons in the female reproductive tract involved in initiating post-mating behaviours. Subsequent functional interrogations of dsx circuitry in the central NS revealed a subset of dsx-expressing neurons in the Abg that mediate changes in the female behavioural repertoire after mating. Characterisation of this relatively simple neural circuitry sheds light on the organisation of the fly brain. Ultimately, future studies will define principles of neural circuit operation, which may be similarly conserved in the nervous systems of higher animals.

This theses presents an image processing approach to estimating the length of cynobacteria strands in digitally acquired images. An algorithm utilizing the Hough transform to determine strand continuity at strand intersections is presented. The algorithm is demonstrated on selected images, the examined strands are separated and their lengths are estimated. A Delphi implementation of the algorithm is included.

In this thesis we employ string perturbation theory in toroidal orbifold models to study aspects of supersymmetry breaking in type IIB string theory. First, we determine the dependence of physical Yukawa couplings on blow-up moduli in models with D3-branes at orbifold singularities. Blow-up moduli are scalar fields describing the size of small blow-up cycles in the compactification geometry. In models implementing moduli stabilisation these fields can acquire F-terms and break supersymmetry. We examine the moduli-dependence of physical Yukawa couplings at string tree-level by computing disk correlation functions involving a Yukawa interaction of visible sector fields and an arbitrary number of blow-up moduli. We perform the calculation for one blow-up insertion explicitly and find that the correlation function vanishes if the blow-up modulus is associated with a small cycle distant to the visible sector. For more than one blow-up insertion we show that all such correlation functions are exponentially suppressed by the compactification volume. We explain how these results are relevant to suppressing soft terms to scales parametrically below the gravitino mass. Further, we determine corrections to holomorphic Yukawa couplings on D3-branes at an orbifold singularity due to non-perturbative effects such as gaugino condensation on a stack of D7-branes. This can be done by calculating a one-loop threshold correction to the gauge coupling on the D7-branes. We show that, if present, the new contributions to Yukawa couplings are not aligned with the tree-level couplings. As the new Yukawa couplings contribute to soft A-terms they are sources of flavour-changing neutral currents. Last we discuss an effect unrelated to supersymmetry breaking. We show that orbifold models with D3-branes at orbifold singularities can exhibit kinetic mixing of different massless Abelian factors. For this to be possible, the relevant U(1) factors have to be associated with more than one orbifold singularity.

The following commentary details aspects of my recent compositions attempting to bring about intersections between subjects and objects. I demonstrate how my compositions highlight an interplay between the poles of subjectivity vs objectivity, human vs nonhuman and nature vs culture. Various musical precedents rooted in objectivity form the basis of this endeavour, such as the inaudible cosmic vibrations proposed by the Pythagoreans' Musica universalis, the chance procedures of mid twentieth-century experimental music, and the Platonic forms of Tom Johnson. However, although these standpoints do attempt to broaden the scope of music beyond the human sphere, they remain most often framed by transcendent discourse without explicitly addressing the subjective implications of such work. I propose an approach to composition that distances itself from a transcendental perspective, instead choosing to highlight the effects that objectivity elicits in human beings, while maintaining the presence of an external reality that remains inscrutable. Thus, my portfolio addresses the precise ways in which subjectivity remains present even within an objective musical discourse, whether through exploring psychological responses to chance, the existential boredom brought on by unchanging forms, subjective reactions to the objecti�cation of the human body, and the input of the imagination in the face of withdrawn or speculative musical objects.

Higher-order recursion schemes are systems of equations that are used to define finite and infinite labelled trees. Since, as Ong has shown, the trees defined have a decidable monadic second order theory, recursion schemes have drawn the attention of research in program verification, where they sit naturally as a higher-order, functional analogue of Boolean programs. Driven by applications, fragments have been studied, algorithms developed and extensions proposed; the emerging theme is called higher-order model checking. Kobayashi has pioneered an approach to higher-order model checking using intersection types, from which many recent advances have followed. The key is a characterisation of model checking as a problem of intersection type assignment. This dissertation contributes to both the theory and practice of the intersection type approach. A new, fixed-parameter polynomial-time decision procedure is described for the alternating trivial automaton fragment of higher-order model checking. The algorithm uses a novel, type-directed form of abstraction refinement, in which behaviours of the scheme are distinguished according to the intersection types that they inhabit. Furthermore, by using types to reason about acceptance and rejection simultaneously, the algorithm is able to converge on a solution from two sides. An implementation, Preface, and an extensive body of evidence demonstrate empirically that the algorithm scales well to schemes of several thousand rules. A comparison with other tools on benchmarks derived from current practice and the related literature puts it well beyond the state-of-the-art. A generalisation of the intersection type approach is presented in which higher-order model checking is seen as an instance of exact abstract interpretation. Intersection type assignment is used to characterise a general class of safety checking problems, defined independently of any particular representation (such as automata) for a class of recursion schemes built over arbitrary constants. Decidability of any problem in the class is an immediate corollary. Moreover, the work looks beyond whole-program verification, the traditional territory of model checking, by giving a natural treatment of higher-type properties, which are sets of functions.

Realistic lighting models are an important component of modern computer generated, interactive 3D applications. One of the more difficult to emulate aspects of real-world lighting is the concept of indirect lighting, often referred to as global illumination in computer graphics. Balancing speed and accuracy requires carefully considered trade-offs to achieve plausible results and acceptable framerates. We present a novel technique of supporting global illumination within the constraints of the new DirectX Raytracing (DXR) API used with DirectX 12. By pre-computing spherical textures to approximate the diffuse color of dynamic objects, we build a smaller set of approximate geometry used for second bounce lighting calculations for diffuse light rays. This speeds up both the necessary intersection tests and the amount of geometry that needs to be updated within the GPU's acceleration structure. Our results show that our approach for diffuse bounced light is faster than using the conservative mesh for triangle-ray intersection in some cases. Since we are using this technique for diffuse bounced light the lower resolution of the spheres is close to the quality of traditional raytracing techniques for most materials.

Korsningar, busshållplatser, söderbackar och lastkajer är ytor med extrem påkänning på grund av hög trafikbelastning, låg hastighet, accelerationer, inbromsningar, svängningar, spårbundenhet och utsatthet för höga temperaturer. Den speciella lastsituationen riskerar orsaka spårbildning, vilket är det vanligaste problemet i korsningar. Genom att anpassa beläggningen efter den utsatta ytan så kan projektören påverka vägens funktion och livslängd. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att studera vilka beläggningsåtgärder som är lämpliga för utsatta körytor såsom korsningar och busshållplatser samt att se vad som orsakar skadebilden i en skadedrabbad korsning. Vidare var syftet att jämföra tre beläggningsalternativ för att se vilket som var mest fördelaktigt ur ett livslängds- och kostnadsperspektiv. Frågeställningarna var följande: 1. Vilka beläggningar är lämpliga för särskilt utsatta körytor såsom korsningar och busshållplatser? 2. Vad orsakar skadebilden vid frånfarten på Malmslättsvägen vid korsningen Malmslättsvägen/ Kaserngatan? 3. Vilken beläggningsåtgärd av ABS11, Densiphalt och PMA är bäst ur ett livslängd- och kostnadsperspektiv under 20 år för korsningen Malmslättsvägen/ Kaserngatan? För att besvara frågeställningarna gjordes litteraturstudier samt en fallstudie i form av okulär bedömning och balkanalys i det aktuella vägsnittet. Dessutom jämfördes livslängd och kostnader mellan beläggningsalternativen i PMS Objekt respektive genom en ekonomisk beräkningsmetod. Resultatet visade att ett bindlager kan uppta de skjuvkrafter som uppstår på utsatta ytor och förhindrar därmed sprickbildning och deformationer. CBÖ och platsgjuten betong har i studier visat begränsa spårbildning. Densiphalt är lämplig som beläggning på utsatta ytor och ger samtidigt ytan motståndskraft mot olja och bensin. IM är starkare, styvare och mindre deformationsbenägen än en vanlig asfalt och är därför lämplig på högtrafikerade vägar. Fallstudien på det aktuella vägsnittet visade att skadebilden hade två orsaker. Dels fanns ett ytslitage som var orsakat av den spårbundna dubbdäckstrafiken. Dessutom förekom plastisk deformation i det andra och tredje asfaltlagret till följd av otillräcklig stabilitet i asfaltmassan med hänsyn till den långsamtgående och stillastående trafiken. De obundna lagren var till synes opåverkade vid balkanalysen. Jämförelsen mellan beläggningsalternativen visade att Densiphalt hade längst livslängd följt av PMA och ABS11. Kostnadsmässigt hade PMA lägst annuitet följt av Densiphalt och ABS11. Orsaken till att ABS11 var dyrast var troligen behovet av mellanliggande akutåtgärder i form av gjutasfalt. Slutsatsen var att kompletterande bindlager, CBÖ, PMA, Densiphalt, betong och IM var lämpliga beläggningar för särskilt utsatta ytor. Skadebilden vid det undersökta vägsnittet bedömdes bero på ytslitage på grund av spårbunden dubbdäckstrafik samt plastisk deformation till följd av tung trafik. Densiphalt hade längst livslängd och PMA hade lägst annuitet. Konventionell ABS11 var sämst ur både livslängds- och kostnadsperspektiv, vilket bedömdes bero på behovet av mellanliggande akutåtgärder i form av gjutasfalt.

The Chinese, Indian and Myanmar governments share the borderlands in the corners of their respective territories where East, South and Southeast Asia meet. In this region of common concern the capacities of these three systems of post-colonial government are regulated so as to prevent excessive political conflict and discourage territorial fragmentation. My research focus is how the governments seek to exert spatial control in areas occupied by the closely-related Jingpo, Singpho and Jinghpaw peoples. As part of their efforts to shape interactions with the central governments, local elites among these peoples have defended and expanded elements of their Jingpo, Singpho and Jinghpaw cultures, particularly their annual Manau festivals. Seeking a way to analyse the relationship between governments and those they govern I draw on the illustrative potential of these large-scale events. It is the symbolic politics of these festivals that suggest an argument about spatial control that refines the state-repelling “Zomia” model proposed by van Schendel (2002) and Scott (2009a). I argue that nodes of control are sites where the governments concentrate power in order to manage their geopolitical ambitions. These nodes succeed when they encourage the acquiescence of local economic and cultural elites. By opening up opportunities for such collaboration, the nodes buttress the strategic links—cultural, political, economic, transportation and communications—that are the main interests of all central governments. It is, moreover, the intrinsic limitation of government ambitions, and their willingness to allow creative ambiguities, that suggests the direction in which ideas about spatial control at the intersection of China, India and Burma can be re conceived.

This study examines the intersection of painting and cinema through the oeuvre of American artist Julian Schnabel. A controversial painter who came to prominence in the contemporary art world of the eighties, the study begins by contextualizing Schnabel within the art critical debates of the period. Addressing and revising the perceived reputation of the artist, the first chapter re-positions Schnabel predominantly as an inheritor of various traits of post-war American painting, in particular the somatic, affective and existential treatment of the canvas characteristic of action painting. The body of the study proceeds to compare the ways in which Schnabel’s cinematic practice borrows, extends and thus affirms many of his painterly approaches. Examining his four major film works (Basquiat, Before Night Falls, The Diving Bell and the Butterfly and Miral) in tandem with his paintings, these chapters plot major confluences between the two media, in particular Schnabel’s overall use of a subjective, phenomenological method. Crucially, this aesthetic approach is shown to be in the service of an existential as opposed to epicurean aim, as it is most overtly expressed in his use of the objet trouvé and the dedication. The study ends by changing the vector of analysis to trace how Schnabel’s foray into the cinema may have influenced the aesthetic of his paintings, and subsequently how a reproductive medium such as film is able to push the boundaries of painting, not necessarily to announce its death. Ultimately, the goal of this study, beyond the monographic examination of a single artist, is to propose ways in which the medium of film has contributed to an evolving understanding of visual representation. For, unlike the modernist premise, the assumption is that it is precisely through the interaction and absorption of various formats that a medium can change, evolve and expand.

This thesis explores the intersection of freedom of expression (as protected in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Charter)) and copyright in Canada. In this thesis, I argue that both lower Canadian courts and the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) should reconsider their approaches to this intersection. Lower Canadian courts have consistently rejected arguments that provisions of Canada's Copyright Act unjustifiably infringe the Charter right to freedom of expression. The SCC, on the other hand, has consistently interpreted provisions of the Copyright Act in such a manner as to result in expanded protection for the expression interests of non-copyright owning parties. It has done so not by relying explicitly on the Charter right to freedom of expression, but through a process of statutory interpretation. I argue that both approaches merit reconsideration. Specifically, I argue that the approaches adopted by lower Canadian courts to the intersection of the Charter right to freedom of expression and copyright are based on now-invalidated approaches to both copyright and to freedom of expression, and are thus themselves invalid; that to the extent to which the SCC's approach to this intersection assumes that the Charter right to freedom of expression can be protected, in the context of copyright, through statutory interpretation alone, that it fails to adequately protect the Charter right to freedom of expression; that other leading national courts from which the SCC has previously sought assistance have explicitly engaged with this intersection, and that the SCC should follow suit; and that the SCC's own copyright and freedom of expression jurisprudence suggests that provisions of the Copyright Act may unjustifiably infringe the Charter right to freedom of expression. These four arguments, taken together, suggest that the time is ripe for reconsideration of this intersection.

This dissertation explores the lived realities of young deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) Japanese who were educated in mainstream schools. Colloquially known as 'inte', a shortened form of the loanword 'integration', these youth are poised at intersections: between special education and academic integration, deaf and hearing, and signed and spoken languages. This study focuses on how participants negotiate this distinct positionality. Inte are 'the other' in the private sphere of the family and the public sphere of the school. I aim to illuminate how inte negotiate this in-between status as they search for belonging. The integration of DHH students is a relatively recent phenomenon. For nearly 100 years, deaf students were educated in separate educational institutions. Therefore, I begin by situating the inte's experiences in a historical and comparative context by exploring the shifts in educational trends for DHH students and the debates regarding the most appropriate communication modalities for their education. I argue that the first phase of integration does not occur within schools but within the home. Inteare typically born into families in which the taken-for-granted shared vertical (inherited) identity and language must be re-examined and re-configured. As a minority in mainstream schools, inte demonstrate agency by employing 'covering' strategies to mitigate difference and perform 'communication competence'. Upon encountering signing DHH peers, inte re-evaluate their positionality and sense of self. By utilizing a number of methodological approaches, including an approach developed for this research, 'peer interviews', this dissertation contributes to the understanding of anthropological concepts of belonging, personhood, intimacy, 'passing' and identity. Through an actor-centered approach that concentrates on the voices of 'youth', I explore how members of this marginalized group in society (re)negotiate their position in the mainstream.

Les courbes frontières définissent les régions ou les formes du plan de manière compacte et descriptive. Il est bien connu que les formes doivent être étudiées à différentes échelles. Ceci a conduit au développement des pyramides régulières et irrégulières pour l'analyse des formes et la compréhension des scènes. Cependant, il n'existe pas une description analytique de la multi-résolution d'une forme numérique, contrairement au célèbre espace-échelle (scale-space) dans le monde continu. En outre, les primitives géométriques telles que les lignes, les cercles ou les polynômes ont une grande importance dans le contexte de la géométrie numérique. Les morceaux des droites numériques sont un bon moyen pour estimer les tangentes et les arcs discrets approchent la courbure. Il est donc nécessaire de les garder dans l'analyse multi-échelle des frontières numériques. Un des objectifs de cette thèse est de donner des nouveaux résultats analytiques sur la multi-résolution des droites 4-connexes et des segments de droites 4-connexes. Figueiredo est le premier qui a étudié le comportement des droites 8-connexes lors du changement de la résolution de la grille. Dans le présent travail, nous considérons une droite 4-connexe pour laquelle une description analytique est fournie lorsque la résolution de la grille est modifiée par un facteur arbitraire. En plus, nous montrons que leurs couvertures sont des droites 4-connexes. Comme les formules analytiques des segments de droite sont un problème beaucoup plus difficile, nous proposons un parcours indirect pour la multi-résolution d'un DSS en utilisant le fait qu'un segment est un morceau fin d'une droite discrète. Etant donné un DSS, nous construisons deux droites dont l'intersection le contient et dont la partie connexe principale a les mêmes caractéristiques arithmétiques, ainsi que le même nombre de motifs. Notons que nous proposons de nouveaux résultats combinatoires des intersections de droites. Nous déterminons la multi-résolution du segment en examinant la multi-résolution de l'intersection de ces deux droites. Nous donnons une nouvelle description analytique de cet ensemble avec des inégalités arithmétiques. Nous abordons également le problème du calcul des caractéristiques exactes d'un sous-segment d'une droite 4-connexe qui a des caractéristiques connues. Nous présentons deux nouveaux algorithmes SmartDSS et ReversedSmartDSS qui résolvent ce problème. Leur principe est de se déplacer dans l'arbre de Stern-Brocot de la fraction soit de manière haut-bas ou bas-haut. Dans le pire cas, leur complexité est meilleure que l'algorithme de reconnaissance DSS classique. Les deux algorithmes peuvent dès lors servir à calculer efficacement la multi-résolution d'un segment. Les bruits tout au long des contours numériques ne sont pas vraiment détectés, mais plutôt annulés par l'épaississement des segments de droites 4-connexes. De plus, l'épaisseur est réglée par un utilisateur et aussi définie globalement pour le contour. Pour surmonter ce problème, nous proposons une stratégie originale pour détecter localement à la fois la quantité de bruit et les épaisseurs significatives de chaque point de contour. Ce travail se base sur les propriétés asymptotiques de segments flous d'épaisseurs différentes, et forme une alternative à l'approche multi-résolution de la détection du bruit
Boundary curves are compact and descriptive means for defining regions or shapes in the plane. It is well known that shapes should be studied at different scales. This has led to the development of regular and irregular pyramids for shape analysis and scene understanding. However there exists no analytical description of the multiresolution of a digital shape, contrary to the famous scale-space analysis in the continuous world. Moreover, in the context of digital geometry, geometric primitives such as lines, circles or polynomials are of a great importance. For instance, pieces of digital lines are excellent tangent estimators, circular arcs estimate curvature. It is thus fundamental to keep them in the multiscale analysis of digital boundaries. One of the contribution of this thesis is to give new analytical results on the multiresolution of Digital Straight Line (DSL) and Digital Straight Segment (DSS). Figueiredo is the first one who studied the behavior of 8-connected lines when changing the resolution of the grid [41]. In this work, we consider a standard digital line. The objective is to provide an analytic description of digital straight line DSL when the resolution of the grid is changed by an arbitrary factor. We also prove that their subsampling is a standard digital line. As analytical formulae for DSS appear to be a much harder problem and DSS are finite parts of DSL, we propose an indirect path to DSS multiresolution. Given a DSS, we build two DSL whose intersection contains it and whose main connected part has the same arithmetic characteristics as well as the same number of patterns. We note here that we propose new results about the combinatorics of such digital line intersections. We determine the multiresolution of DSS by examining the multiresolution of the intersection of these two DSL. We give a new analytical description of this set with arithmetic inequalities. We also address the problem of computing the exact characteristics of any subsegment of digital straight line with known characteristics. We present two new algorithms SmartDSS and ReversedSmartDSS that solve this problem. Their principle is to climb the Stern-Brocot tree of fraction either in a top-down or bottom-up way. Their worst-time complexity are better than the classical DSS recognition algorithm. Both algorithms are useful to compute efficiently the multiresolution of a DSS. The noise along digital contours is not really detected but is rather canceled out by thickening digital straight segments. The thickness is tuned by a user and set globally for the contour. To overcome this issue, we propose an original strategy to detect locally both the amount of noise and the meaningful thickness of each point of a digital contour. This work is based on the asymptotic properties of blurred segments with different thicknesses and forms an alternative to the multiscale approach to noise detection

Dans une première partie, nous définissons un nouveau langage à base fonctionnelle et avec récursion généralisée, en utilisant le système de types avec degrés de Boudol pour éliminer les récursions dangereuses. Ce langage est ensuite étendu par des enregistrements récursifs, puis par des mixins, permettant ainsi de mêler totalement les paradigmes fonctionnels et objets. Nous présentons également une implémentation, MlObj, ainsi que la machine abstraite servant à son exécution.

Dans une deuxième partie, nous présentons un nouvel algorithme d'inférence pour les systèmes de types avec intersection, dans le cadre d'une extension du lambda-calcul. Après avoir prouvé sa correction, nous étudions sa généralisation aux références et à la récursion, nous le comparons aux algorithmes d'inférence déjà existants, notamment à celui de Système I, et nous montrons qu'il devient décidable à rang fini.

Higher-order recursion schemes are a powerful model of functional computation that grew out of traditional recursive program schemes and generalisations of grammars. It is common to view recursion schemes as generators of possibly-infinite trees, which Ong showed to have a decidable monadic second order theory and opened the door to applications in verification. Kobayashi later presented an intersection type characterisation of the model checking problem, on which most subsequent applied work is based. In recent work, recursion schemes have been considered to play a role similar to Boolean programs in verification of first-order imperative programs: a natural target for abstraction of programs with very large or infinite data domains. In this thesis we focus on the development of model checking algorithms for variants of recursion schemes. We start our contributions with a model checking algorithm inspired by the fully abstract game semantics of recursion schemes, but specified as a goal-directed approach to intersection type inference, that offers a unification of the views of Ong and Kobayashi. We build on this largely theoretical contribution with two orthogonal extensions and practical implementations. First, we develop a new extension of recursion schemes: higher-order recursion schemes with cases, which add non-determinism and a case construct operating over a finite data domain. These additions provide us with a more natural and succinct target for abstraction from functional programs: encoding data using functions inevitably results in an increase in the order and arity of the scheme, which have a direct impact on the worst-case complexity of the problem. We characterise the model checking problem using a novel intersection and union type system and give a practical algorithm for type inference in this system. We have carried out an empirical evaluation of the implementation --- the tool T_RAVMC --- using a variety of problem instances from the literature and a new suite of problem instances derived via an abstraction-refinement procedure from functional programs. Second, we extend our approach from safety properties to all properties expressible in monadic second order logic using alternating parity tree automata as our specification language. We again provide an implementation and an empirical evaluation, which shows that despite the challenges accompanying liveness properties our tool scales beyond the current state of the art.

La traversée d’intersection constitue une tâche typique dans laquelle plusieurs affordances coexistent, l’une traduisant les possibilités de franchir l’intersection, l’autre traduisant les possibilités d’immobiliser le véhicule afin d’éviter une collision. En nous inspirant des travaux de Gibson et Crooks (1938), nous avons formalisé les affordances Field of Safe Travel (FST) et Minimum Stopping Zone (MSZ) en termes de temps critique pour réussir le franchissement d’intersection et l’immobilisation du véhicule, respectivement. Grâce à un dispositif de réalité virtuelle et un simulateur de conduite, nous avons testé la prise en compte de ces affordances par un agent engagé dans la tâche de référence à travers trois expérimentations. Les résultats, appuyés par notre modèle de prise de décision, montrent que le conducteur intègre non seulement l’affordance FST, mais aussi l’affordance MSZ, dans sa décision de franchir l’intersection. De plus, l’utilisation conjointe de ces deux affordances rend compte des régulations de vitesses produites par un agent devant réaliser la tâche de franchissement en présence d’un véhicule préprogrammée ou soumis au contrôle d’un autre agent. Ces différents résultats montrent que les agents prennent en compte les différentes possibilités qui leur sont offertes (affordances FST et MSZ) pour faire un choix adapté et réguler leur vitesse
Crossing an intersection is a typical task in which several affordances coexist, one offering the possibilities to safely cross the intersection (the main goal) and another offering the possibilities to stop the driving car to avoid a collision (the alternative goal). Based on Gibson and Crooks’ works (1938), we formalized the so-called Field of Safe Travel (FST) and Minimum Stopping Zone (MSZ) affordances in terms of critical time for safe crossing and for safe stopping, respectively. Using a virtual reality set-up with a driving simulator, three experiments have been designed to test the role of these two affordances on the decision-making and the regulation of action process. Our results, supported by a model of decision-making, reveal that drivers rely not only on the FST affordance, but also on the MSZ affordance, to choose to cross-or-not the intersection. Moreover, the joint use of these affordances is still observed when drivers have to control their velocity to perform the task when either a vehicle with a computed kinematic or a car driven by another agent is approaching. Put together, these results show that drivers take into account several possibilities for action offered by the environment (FST and MSZ affordances) to make a suitable choice and to control their speed when approaching an intersection

In this thesis, we address the action retrieval and the object category segmentation problems by directly optimizing application specific performance measures using deep learning. Most deep learning methods are designed to optimize simple loss functions (e.g., cross-entropy or hamming loss). These loss functions are suitable for applications where the performance of the application is measured by overall accuracy. But for many applications, the overall accuracy is not an appropriate performance measure. For example, applications like action retrieval often use the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC curve) to measure the performance of a retrieval algorithm. Likewise, in object category segmentation from images, the intersection-over-union (IoU) is the standard performance measure. In this thesis, we propose approaches to directly optimize these complex performance measures in deep learning framework.
October 2016

There now exists an abundant collection of conjectures and results, of various complexities, regarding the diophantine properties of Shimura varieties. Two central such statements are the Andre-Oort and Zilber-Pink Conjectures, the first of which is known in many cases, while the second is known in very few cases indeed. The motivating result for much of this document is the modular case of the Andre-Oort Conjecture, which is a theorem of Pila. It is most commonly viewed as a statement about the simplest kind of Shimura varieties, namely modular curves. Here, we tend instead to view it as a statement about the properties of the classical modular j-function. It states, given a complex algebraic variety V, that V contains only finitely many maximal special subvarieties, where a special variety is one which arises from the arithmetic behaviour of the j-function in a certain natural way. The central question of this thesis is the following: what happens if in such statements we replace the j-function with some other kind of modular function; one which is less well-behaved in one way or another? Such modular functions are naturally called nonclassical modular functions. This question, as we shall see, can be studied using techniques of o-minimality and point-counting, but some interesting new features arise and must be dealt with. After laying out some of the classical theory, we go on to describe two particular types of nonclassical modular function: almost holomorphic modular functions and quasimodular functions (which arise naturally from the derivatives of the j-function). We go on to prove some results about the diophantine properties of these functions, including several natural Andre-Oort-type theorems, then conclude by discussing some bigger-picture questions (such as the potential for nonclassical variants of, say, Zilber-Pink) and some directions for future research in this area.

This thesis describes the development of several spectroscopic methods based on impulsive vibrational spectroscopy as well as of the technique itself. The first chapter describes the ultrafast time domain Raman spectrometer including the development of two noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers for sub-10 fs pulse generation with 343 or 515 nm pumping. In the first spectroscopic study we demonstrate, for the first time, that impulsive vibrational spectroscopy can be used for recording transient Raman spectra of molecules in excited electronic states. We obtain spectra of beta-carotene with comparable, or better, quality than established frequency domain based nonlinear Raman techniques. The following two chapters address the questions on the fate of vibrational coherences when generated on a reactive potential energy surface. We photoexcite bacteriorhodopsin and observe anharmonic coupling mediated vibrational coherence transfer to initially silent vibrational modes. Additionally, we are able to correlate the vibrational coherence activation with the efficiency of the isomerisation reaction in bR. Upon generation of vibrational coherence in the second excited electronic state of beta-carotene, by excitation from the ground electronic state, we are able to follow the wavepacket motion out of the Franck-Condon region. We observe vibrationally coherent internal conversion, through a conical intersection, into the first excited electronic state and are hence able to demonstrate that electronic surface crossings can occur in a vibrationally coherent fashion. Additionally, we find strong evidence for vibronic coupling mediated back and forth crossing between the two electronic states. As a combination of this work we develop a IVS based technique that allows for the direct recording of background and baseline free Raman spectra in the time domain. Several proof of principle experiments highlight the capabilities of this technique for time resolved Raman spectroscopy. In the final chapter we present work on weak-field coherent control. Here, we address the question of whether a photochemical reaction can be controlled by the phase term of an electric excitation field, in the one photon excitation limit. We study the systems rhodamine 101, bacteriorhodopsin, rhodopsin and isorhodopsin and, contrary to previous reports, find no evidence for one photon control.

This extended essay explores a historical investigation into the connections between women and machines, particularly focusing on the traditionally gendered processes of sewing, weaving and other processes deemed ‘handicrafts’ and how they parallel techniques in the evolution of the technologies we recognise today. Within this relationship, the nature of these acts to provide comfort is investigated and related to the practice of art making. This historical lineage is examined in the present day where digital and electronic technologies impact everyday life and cause new a brand of anxieties that require a fresh approach to healing and soothing. Through the analysis of this research my practical input and output are informed and result in the development of an installation of objects that examine the electronic object and how it can be imbued with or reflect these realities.

碩士
國立臺北大學
資訊工程學系
107
Deep learning has been proven to show significant performance in the field of application of computer vision in several previous researches. The testing performance of deep neural networks always depends on the quality and quantity of ground truth dataset. In this paper, we develop our own handcrafted labels as dataset and additionally, use the MS-COCO (Microsoft Common Objects in Context) datasets to evaluate the detection effectiveness of the proposed deep learning model, You Only Look Once (YOLO) architecture. The main contributions of this paper are that, in addition to performing object selection method to optimize the original dataset as opposed to feeding all of them into the YOLO network directly, data augmentation method is also adopted to improve a training process. The implications of these preprocesses allow the network to be trained in a more sufficient manner such that they prevent the defective objects from affecting the training, thereby improving detection robustness. The network is used to detect vehicles and motorcycles at road intersections with the use of surveillance video streams. The empirical results indicate that the mean average precision of our methods achieve 86.66%, which is superior than the traditional training process. Additionally, our methods are also utilized to recognize multiple objects through a fisheye video stream. The empirical results show that our methods are two times more accurate than the traditional ways. This is extremely prospective for application in intelligent video systems such as multi-objects tracing and vehicle stream analysis.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
106
This thesis focuses on advancing the state-of-the-art 3D object detection and localization in autonomous driving. An autonomous vehicle requires to be operated in a very unpredictable and dynamic environment. Hence, a robust perception system is essential. This work presents a novel architecture, which leverages the aggregated features from both LIDAR point clouds and RGB images, and is composed of two subnetworks: a 3D region proposal network (3D-RPN) and a second stage detection network. The input features are represented by two views, the front view (FV) and the bird's eye view (BEV). Different from the other state-of-the-art methods, the FV feature representation is a fusion of the information of RGB images and the projected LIDAR point clouds. The 3D-RPN is not only capable of performing multimodal feature fusion on full resolution feature maps, but it is also capable of generating reliable 3D object proposals. With these proposals, accurate oriented 3D bounding box regression and category classification of objects in 3D space are performed in the second stage detection network. Furthermore, a precise 3D intersection-over-union (IoU) loss is employed for joint optimization of box parameters, which not only increases the detection performance of hard samples but also reduces the false positives.

This work has been aimed at establishing a geodetic base for photo plans of building site objects or scenes and the application to ``Photogrammetry`` studies. It will be used in teaching of Land Adjustment and Real Trade Estate study programme at the Department of Land Adjustment, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. The work should result in establishing the geodetic base of a building frontage using terrestrial and GPS methods.