Bücher: „Interpretive paradigm“

1

Campbell, James D. An interpretive paradigm: The rayons and sculptures of John Heward. Montreal: Dictions, 1988.

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2

Saeroun pŏnyŏk ŭl wihan pʻaerŏdaim: The paradaigm [i.e. paradigm] for a new translation. Sŏul-si: Pʻurŭn Sasangsa, 2004.

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3

Keller, Reiner. Das Interpretative Paradigma. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-94080-9.

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4

Yates, Leo. Interpreting at church: A paradigm for sign language interpreters. Charleston, S.C: BookSurge, 2007.

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5

Wiarda, Howard J. Interpreting Iberian-Latin American interrelations: Paradigm consensus and conflict. Washington, D.C: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1985.

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6

Wiarda, Howard J. Interpreting Iberian-Latin American interrelations: Paradigm consensus and conflict. Washington: American Enterprise Institute, 1985.

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7

Nesterova, N. M. Tekst i perevod v zerkale sovremennykh filosofskikh paradigm. Permʹ: Permskiĭ gos. tekhnicheskiĭ universitet, 2005.

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8

Kaiser-Cooke, Michèle. The missing link: Evolution, reality, and the translation paradigm. Frankfurt aim Main: P. Lang, 2004.

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9

Investigar con corpus en traducción: Los retos de un nuevo paradigma. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2008.

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10

La forme comme paradigme du traduire: Actes du colloque, Mons, 29-31 octobre 2008. Mons: CIPA, 2009.

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11

High, Steven. Brownfield Public History. Herausgegeben von Paula Hamilton und James B. Gardner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766024.013.23.

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How can we as oral and public historians harness the power of place in our research and interpretive practice? The built environment’s potential as a prompt to remember has been heralded by many scholars drawn to the so-called mobility turn in the social sciences and humanities. This new paradigm is encouraging scholars and artists to engage with the materiality of the built and natural environments and with communities themselves. This chapter examines the ways in which oral and public historians have harnessed the power of place in situ when interpreting transformative urban and economic change: deindustrialization, gentrification, modernization, and renewal. It offers the notion of “brownfield public history” to denote industrial heritage projects that are bound-up in these ongoing socio-economic and political processes.

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12

C, Beckmann Susanne, und Elliott Richard H, Hrsg. Interpretive consumer research: Paradigms, methodologies & applications. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press, 2000.

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13

(Editor), Suzanne C. Beckmann, und Richard H. Elliott (Editor), Hrsg. Interpretive Consumer Research: Paradigms, Methodologies and Applications. Copenhagen Business School Press, 2000.

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14

Nair, Rukmini Bhaya, Hrsg. Translation, text and theory: The paradigm of India. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2002.

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15

Bajpai, Kanti. Five Approaches to the Study of Indian Foreign Policy. Herausgegeben von David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan und Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.2.

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The study of Indian foreign policy goes back to the late 1940s and has resulted in a large amount of publishing in both India and abroad. What are the major approaches to the study of Indian foreign policy? By ‘approach’ is meant a broad orientation in a field of study, in particular the leading questions and interpretive lenses. An approach is not a theory; it is closer to the notion of ‘paradigm’. It encompasses the dominant set of questions and the ways of answering those questions that prevail in an intellectual field. In this case, Indian foreign policy studies has been substantially focused on relations with Pakistan, China, and the United States and why India has been in ‘protracted conflict’ with these three powers.

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16

Interpreting the Truth: Changing the Paradigm of Biblical Studies. Trinity Press International, 2003.

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17

Jr, Leo Yates. Interpreting at Church: A Paradigm for Sign Language Interpreters. BookSurge Publishing, 2007.

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18

Hafez, Mohammed M. Apologia for Suicide. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656485.003.0007.

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Suicide attacks have become a conventional tactic in the arsenal of militant Islamists. Yet suicide is strictly prohibited in the Islamic heritage. Radical Salafists have succeeded in framing suicide attacks as religiously permissible, indeed venerable, by elevating human intentionality above textual forms of authority, and by euphemistically labeling such acts as martyrdom. They have also inferred a normative paradigm from Islam’s formative generations, pointing to examples of excessive risk-taking by the Prophet’s companions. In making these rationalizations, Salafist jihadists have cast aside their strict constructionist ethos and unveiled figurative meanings (ta’wil) in original verses and traditions to permit acts of self-immolation. In other words, in seeking to affirm their religious authenticity, they have violated their Salafist methodology. This methodological slippage has permitted other interpretive innovations, such as the permissibility of killing civilians and coreligionists in the course of justified warfare.

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19

New Paradigm For Interpreting The Chinese Economy Theories Challenges And Opportunities. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2014.

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20

Davis, Eric. “I Hate Parading My Serenading”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040092.003.0007.

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This chapter analyzes Porter's performing style by drawing on published reports and eyewitness accounts of his abilities. It compares aspects of his performances with those of some of his favorite singers in order to identify shared stylistic elements, as well as ways in which his interpretations were unique. Though it will be impossible to appreciate the full measure of Porter's art from the scant historical evidence that documented his performing, we certainly have more to work with than is the case with Irving Berlin, Jerome Kern, Vincent Youmans, and Richard Rodgers. The recordings not only make it possible to reconcile Porter's reputation as a performer with the evidence he left behind but also give us a rare opportunity to gain some insight into the interpretive qualities Porter was accustomed to and was able to bring out in the performance of his music.

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21

Wiarda, Howard J. Interpreting Iberian-Latin American Interrelations: Paradigm Consensus and Conflict (Occasional Papers Series, No 10). AEI Press, 1985.

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22

Hone, Joseph. Alexander Pope in the Making. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842316.001.0001.

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How did Alexander Pope become the greatest poet of the eighteenth century? Drawing on previously neglected texts and overlooked archival materials, Alexander Pope in the Making provides a radical new account of the poet’s early career, from the earliest traces of manuscript circulation to the publication of his collected Works. Joseph Hone illuminates classic poems such as An Essay on Criticism, The Rape of the Lock, and Windsor-Forest by setting them alongside lesser-known texts by Pope and his contemporaries, many of which have never received sustained critical attention before. Pope’s earliest experiments in satire, panegyric, lyric, pastoral, and epic are all explored alongside his translations, publication strategies, and neglected editorial projects. By recovering cultural values shared by Pope and the politically heterodox men and women whose works he read and with whom he collaborated, Hone unearths powerful new interpretive possibilities for some of the eighteenth century’s most celebrated poems. Alexander Pope in the Making mounts a comprehensive challenge to the ‘Scriblerian’ paradigm that has dominated scholarship for the past eighty years. It sheds fresh light on Pope’s early career and reshapes our understanding of the ideological landscape of his era. This book will be essential reading for scholars and students of eighteenth-century literature, history, and politics.

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23

The Turns of Translation Studies: New paradigms or shifting viewpoints? (Benjamins Translation Library). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2006.

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24

Snell-Hornby, Mary. The Turns of Translation Studies: New paradigms or shifting viewpoints? (Benjamins Translation Library). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2006.

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25

Vittoria, Borsò, Schwarzer Christine, Gerling Vera Elisabeth und Höfer y Tuñón, Farida María., Hrsg. Übersetzung als Paradigma der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften. Oberhausen: Athena, 2006.

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26

Westerstahl Stenport, Anna, und Arne Lunde, Hrsg. Nordic Film Cultures and Cinemas of Elsewhere. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474438056.001.0001.

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Nordic Film Cultures and Cinemas of Elsewhere proposes a new paradigm for Nordic film studies, as well as for other small national, transnational, and world cinema traditions. This book re-imagines Nordic cinemas as international, cosmopolitan, diasporic, and planet-connected from their beginnings in the early silent period on forward to their present 21st-century dynamics more than a century later. By identifying and engaging with a wide range of unknown, repressed, and overlooked stories (e.g., narratives of movement, mobility, interaction, synthesis, resistance, loss, reclamation, humanistic questing, etc.) inside and outside of established Nordic film traditions, this book introduces a new model of inquiry into a specific Scandinavian cultural lineage and into small nation and pan-regional cinemas more generally. In this way, the book also speaks to a range of traditions in world cinema. Its overarching goal is to breach entrenched structures and to invite more exploratory, rigorous, and unexpected readings. The volume advocates the intellectual and cultural ethos of cinemas of elsewhere, expanding on previous progressive, interpretive traditions such as cinemas of diasporic, exilic, postcolonial, accented, post-industrial, and existential identities. It is therefore not a study of Nordic cinemas comfortably situated within national brackets or self-enclosed borders. Drawing on the specificities, dynamics, and ambitious reach and scope of Scandinavian cinema production, circulation, and influence for over a century, Nordic Film Cultures and Cinemas of Elsewhere navigates and narrates a parallel, alternative history.

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27

Evolving Paradigms in Interpreter Education (The Interpreter Education Series). Gallaudet University Press, 2013.

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28

Zakhatsev, S. I., D. V. Maslennikov und V. P. Salnikov. The Logos of law: Parmenides - Hegel - Dostoevsky. On the Speculative and Logical Foundations of the Metaphysics of Law. Europe books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/np.490.

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The monograph studies the relation between the "first philosophy" as the doctrine about the unity of thinking and existence, on one hand, and the philosophy of law as a specialised philosophical science, on the other. This paper explores the methodological and general theoretical foundations for the interpreting of the classical philosophy of law, the problems of monism and dualism in the justification of the theory of law, the relations between law and morality, law and religion, and the Absolute in law. The notion of absolute freedom as a paradigm of the classical German philosophical and legal school of thought is considered herein. It is demonstrated that in the classical philosophy of law as presented by Kant, Fichte and Hegel, this foundation is used to overcome both the paradigm of substantive natural law and the paradigm of the social contract, which remains dominant to this day. The target audience of this monograph includes researchers specialising in the history of philosophy and theory of law, legal experts, instructors, postgraduate students as well as anyone who is interested in the philosophy of law.

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29

Ferreira, Iago Oliveira, und Marcus Aurélio de Freitas Barros. Um novo paradigma para o controle das políticas públicas prestacionais: Tutela estrutural em foco. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-172-1.

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This book addresses the judicial review on social public policies, intending to propose a new approach to its exercise in Brazil, based on the standards and instruments consolidated in the structural remedies practice. The review approach championed by Brazilian courts creates illegitimate, anti-isonomic and ineffective decisions, which derives from the reliance on a traditional form of adjudication, bipolar and adversarial, that is inadequate to the polycentric and distributive features of the conflicts involving the delivery of public services by the government. Inspired on pioneering experiences in both foreign and domestic jurisdictions, the work outlines a theory of structural remedies applied to public policy issues that seeks to address the shortcomings of the mainstream approach, resulting in a paradigmatic shift in three main aspects of adjudication, regarding legal reasoning (distributive and dialogical), remedial practice (experimentalist, prospective and consensual) and the characteristics of the adjudication process (flexible and cooperative). Besides sustaining the merits of the described methodological shift, the author’s efforts are also aimed at formulating interpretative constructions to allow for its implementation in the Brazilian legal system. By exploring practical solutions towards a more legitimate and effective judicial review, and arranging them in a coherent theoretical framework, the book contributes to the academic debate and also gives valuable input to the public law practitioners entrusted with the duty to oversee the public administration activities in Brazil.

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30

Whalen, Paul J., Maital Neta, M. Justin Kim, Alison M. Mattek, F. C. Davis, James M. Taylor und Samantha Chavez. Neural and Behavioral Responses to Ambiguous Facial Expressions of Emotion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0013.

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When it comes to being social, there is no other nonverbal environmental cue that is more important for humans than the facial expression of another person. Here we consider facial expressions as naturally conditioned stimuli that, when presented as images in an experimental paradigm, evoke neural and behavioral responses that serve to decipher the predictive meaning of the expression. We will cover data showing that the expressions of others alter our attention to the environment, our biases in interpreting these facial expressions, and our neural responses within an amygdala-prefrontal circuitry related to normal variations in reported anxiety.

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31

Leonard, John. Faithful Labourers : A Reception History of Paradise Lost, 1667-1970 : Volume I : Style and Genre; Volume II: Interpretative Issues. Oxford University Press, 2017.

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32

Faithful Labourers : a Reception History of Paradise Lost, 1667-1970 : Volume I : Style and Genre; Volume II: Interpretative Issues. Oxford University Press, 2012.

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33

Peters, Julie Stone. Law as Performance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0012.

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This chapter starts from the view that legal performance matters to law: its outcomes, doctrines, and history. Here, rather than defending that view (a task undertaken elsewhere), it analyzes the methodological issues that arise from it. Distinguishing performances—expressive, embodied legal events, and practices—from both literary and legal texts (the traditional objects of law and literature), it assesses the vexed words “performance” and “performativity” as analytic tools, set against the rich historical lexicon. It then distinguishes “law in performance” and “law of performance” from “law as performance,” arguing that analysis of more familiar interpretive objects (aesthetic performances, legal texts) cannot substitute for sustained attention to legal events and practices. Finally, it briefly outlines some paradigms for understanding legal performance: legal conjuration, enactment, or mimesis; legal surrogation (metaphoric, metonymic, or indexical); and legal theatricality-antitheatricality.

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34

D’Alessio, Giambattista. Fiction and Pragmatics in Ancient Greek Lyric. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805823.003.0002.

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This chapter offers an analysis of the ways in which the language of Sappho’s poems makes use of pragmatic elements that evoke a link to an extratextual world. Through this analysis, the dominant interpretative paradigm is questioned that sees Sappho’s poetry as primarily embedded within a ritual performance context, as well as the alternative reading that explains some of its most salient features as due to strategies enabled by the adoption of writing as a medium of communication. While emphasizing the centrality of performance as a theme and a concern in Sappho’s poems, the chapter shows how the texts often locate themselves outside a proper performative frame, providing a look at ritual from a marginal, personal, and yet powerfully exemplary perspective.

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35

Kirwan, Peter. Not-Shakespeare and the Shakespearean Ghost. Herausgegeben von James C. Bulman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199687169.013.19.

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Drawing on the work of Marvin Carlson and Susan Bennett, this chapter interrogates the role of the broader canon of early modern drama, usually Jacobean, in shaping contemporary Shakespearean performance. Shakespeare and ‘not-Shakespeare’ are part of a binary that treats not-Shakespeare as both a supplement to the Shakespeare canon and a perversion or antithesis of it. This chapter analyses criticism of recent productions of Cardenio and ’Tis Pity She’s a Whore to show how a dominant interpretative paradigm based on Shakespeare skews readings of both Shakespeare and not-Shakespeare, yoking them to a limited selection of values and aesthetic priorities. Yet while not-Shakespeare remains defined by a negative, this chapter argues that a current shift in theatrical cultures is blurring previously established boundaries to productive effect.

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36

Stéphane, Beaulac. Part VI Constitutional Theory, A Constitutional Interpretation, Ch.41 Constitutional Interpretation: On Issues of Ontology and of Interlegality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0041.

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The chapter addresses, first, the ontological issue of whether the interpretation of a constitution is fundamentally different than the construction of statutes. Based on a comparison of the Supreme Court of Canada decisions in constitutional interpretation, especially Charter cases, and the contemporary approach to statutory interpretation, endorsing Driedger’s modern principle, it is argued that a convergence of methodology has occurred. Second, recent developments in the domestic use of international law—that is interlegality—also show commonality in constitutional and statutory interpretation. The hypothesis is that recent case law on the operationalization of international normativity, far from supporting the end of the international/national divide, actually reaffirms the Westphalian paradigm. The contextual argument and the presumption of conformity, as interpretative tools, allow courts to be more flexible, indeed more permissive, in resorting to international law.

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37

Washburn, David A., Michael J. Beran und J. David Smith. Metamemory in Comparative Context. Herausgegeben von John Dunlosky und Sarah (Uma) K. Tauber. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.21.

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Demonstrations of animal memory were among the earliest experimental results obtained in psychology, but investigations of whether animals show metacognitive competencies are relatively new. Such investigations require innovative paradigms in which uncertainty can be created and empirically validated, methods by which nonverbal organisms can indicate their recognition of confidence or uncertainty, and systematic inquiry to determine whether such responses are externally, associatively generated or are subjective and metacognitive. This third point requires particular attention to balance competing considerations like anthropomorphism, parsimony, and interpretive errors, such as being too inclined to infer analogous mechanisms, or conversely to reject real demonstrations of animal metamemory by holding them to different evidentiary standards than is human metacognition. The results from numerous attempts to address these challenges are reviewed, yielding the overall conclusion that the capacity for metamemory and metacognition has been demonstrated at least by some animals in ways that defy low-level associative interpretation.

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38

Hughes, Aaron W. Symbiosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190684464.003.0002.

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This chapter examines the various constructions that have been used to account for Jewish–Muslim relations in the modern period. These constructions range from the irenic (“things were better back then”), perhaps best epitomized by the “golden age” trope, to the more critical (“Muslims have always treated Jews poorly”). Rather than be accurate descriptors, the chapter suggests that such models say more about those doing the interpreting than they do about the actual historical record. They are, in other words, motivated by politics as opposed to history. If the relations between Jews and Muslims in the premodern period are to be systematically rethought, then such paradigms must be transcended or, at the very least, shown for what they are.

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Budelmann, Felix, und Tom Phillips. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805823.003.0001.

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After a brief discussion of the anthropological model that has transformed lyric scholarship in recent decades (highlighting both achievements and areas that have received little attention), two meanings of ‘Textual Events’ are set out. The first relates to pragmatics: lyric texts create their own settings, which variously interact with the actual circumstances of the performance. The second gestures to the concept of ‘event’ in contemporary philosophy: lyric creates unique interpretative, sensory, and emotive encounters with each listener and reader. A case is made for applying the term ‘literary’ to Greek lyric, despite (and because of) its anachronism. The remainder of the Introduction develops the notion of context (to encompass intellectual context), discussing continuities and discontinuities with context in book lyric; sets out ‘lyric moves’ (micro-traditions within the genre); and discusses aspects of performance not fully captured by the anthropological paradigm.

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40

Kraus, Elizabeth M. The Metaphysics of Experience. Fordham University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823217953.001.0001.

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This book styles itself as “a Sherpa guide to Process and Reality, whose function is to assist the serious reader in grasping the meaning of the text and to prevent falls into misinterpretation.” Although originally published in 1925, Process and Reality has perhaps even more relevance to the contemporary scene in physics, biology, psychology, and the social sciences than it had in the mid-twenties. Hence, its internal difficulty, its quasi-inaccessibility, is all the more tragic, since, unlike most metaphysical endeavors, it is capable of interpreting and unifying theories in the above sciences in terms of an organic world view, instead of selecting one theory as the paradigm and reducing all others to it. Because Alfred North Whitehead is so crucial to modern philosophy, this book plays an important role in making Process and Reality accessible to a wider readership.

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LaCroix, Alison, Saul Levmore und Martha C. Nussbaum, Hrsg. Power, Prose, and Purse. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190873455.001.0001.

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Power, Prose, and Purse is an edited collection of essays that draw connections between literature, economics, and law. The essays discuss literary works that explore the time period between the Industrial Revolution and the Great Depression and analyze the insights that novelists can offer to law and economics, while noting the tensions among these paradigms. Literature often addresses specific questions connected with a particular context, problem, or character. In contrast, both law and economics aim to focus on identifying general typologies and rules. Money and literature are both useful interpretive tools for understanding the law, and all three allow for greater understanding of human society—especially when considered in a collaborative rather than competitive way. Approaching these issues from a variety of methodological perspectives, including philosophy, history, and literary theory, the essays in this volume explore the important tensions between literature, on the one hand, and law and money, on the other.

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42

Knowles, Kim, und Marion Schmid, Hrsg. Cinematic Intermediality. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446341.001.0001.

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As a fundamentally hybrid medium, cinema has always been defined by its interactions with other art forms such as painting, sculpture, photography, performance and dance. Taking the in-between nature of the cinematic medium as its starting point, this collection of essays maps out new directions for understanding the richly diverse ways in which artists and filmmakers draw on and reconfigure the other arts in their creative practice. From pre-cinema to the digital era, from avant-garde to world cinema, and from the projection room to the gallery space, the contributors critically explore what happens when ideas, forms and feelings migrate from one art form to another. Giving voice to both theorists and moving image practitioners, Cinematic Intermediality: Theory and Practice stimulates fresh thinking about how intermediality, as both a creative method and an interpretative paradigm, can be explored alongside probing questions of what cinema is, has been and can be.

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43

Wolfe, Jessica. Hesiod and Christian Humanism, 1471–1667. Herausgegeben von Alexander C. Loney und Stephen Scully. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190209032.013.28.

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This chapter surveys the scholarly and poetic engagement with the poems of Hesiod during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, focusing on editions, translations, and philosophical and literary interpretations produced in northern Europe and England in the century and a half after the Protestant Reformation. The first part discusses the most influential early printed editions and Latin translations of Hesiod’s poems, as well as their scholia and other paratexts. The second and third parts examine the interpretive traditions that prevailed among Italian humanists and their northern counterparts, the latter focusing on Erasmus and Melanchthon. The fourth and fifth parts focus on the French and English Renaissance, examining the most significant editions of Hesiod produced in these nations as well as the incorporation of Hesiodic myths and motifs by major poets such as Ronsard and Spenser. The final section examines Paradise Lost’s complex imitation of Hesiodic cosmogony.

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44

Borzaga, Carlo, und Ermanno C. Tortia. Co-operation as Co-ordination Mechanism. Herausgegeben von Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi und Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.5.

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The interpretations hitherto produced on co-operatives firms have been, in general terms, unsatisfactory. The reasons are to be found in the limitations of the dominant theoretical paradigms in interpreting the individual, collective, and social reality of co-operation. Recent theoretical developments allow a new start in dealing with the most relevant economic dimensions of co-operation, by: (i) recognizing co-operation as a peculiar and basic co-ordination mechanism of the economic activity, different from market exchange and authority; (ii) considering collective and mutually beneficial entrepreneurial action, and not only individual action, as legitimate and fruitful; (iii) understanding economic motivations not only as self-interested and opportunistic ones, but also as intrinsically driven, as reciprocal, and as social. Starting from the analysis of the main market imperfections we develop a theory of co-operatives as enterprises that do not, as a norm, maximize net economic returns as their main objective, but instead pursue mutually beneficial and social aims.

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45

McLean, Paul Donald. The Greek Kaige version of 2 Reigns 11:1-3 Reigns 2:11: A study of its constituent translation technique and semantic variations from its Hebrew Vorlage using the Interlinear paradigm for a New English translation of the Septuaguint (NETS). 2004.

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46

Hedberg Olenina, Ana. Psychomotor Aesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190051259.001.0001.

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In the late 19th century, neurophysiology introduced techniques for detecting somatic signs of psychological processes. Scientific modes of recording, representing, and interpreting body movement as “expressive” soon found use in multiple cultural domains. Based on archival materials, this study charts the avenues by which physiological psychology reached the arts and evaluates institutional practices and political trends that promoted interdisciplinary engagements in the first quarter of the 20th century. In mapping the emergence of a paradigm it calls “psychomotor aesthetics,” this book uncovers little-known sources of Russian Futurism, Formalist poetics, avant-garde film theories of Lev Kuleshov and Sergei Eisenstein, and early Soviet programs for evaluating filmgoers’ reactions. Drawing attention to the intellectual exchange between Russian authors and their European and American counterparts, the book documents diverse cultural applications of laboratory methods for studying the psyche. Both a history and a critical project, the book attends to the ways in which artists and theorists dealt with the universalist fallacies inherited from biologically oriented psychology—at times, endorsing the positivist, deterministic outlook, and at times, resisting, reinterpreting, and defamiliarizing these scientific notions. In exposing the vastness of cross-disciplinary exchange at the juncture of neurophysiology and the arts at the turn of the 20th century, Psychomotor Aesthetics calls attention to the tremendous cultural resonance of theories foregrounding the somatic substrate of emotional and cognitive experience—theories, which anticipate the promises and limitations of today’s neuroaesthetics and neuromarketing.

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Dean, Andrew. Metafiction and the Postwar Novel. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871408.001.0001.

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This book examines the origins, poetics, and capacities of self-reflexive fiction across the globe after World War II. Focusing on three authors’ careers—J. M. Coetzee, Janet Frame, and Philip Roth—it seeks to circumvent the large-scale theoretical paradigms (such as ‘postmodernism’) that have long been deployed to describe this writing. The book does so by developing new terms for discussing the intimacies of metafictional writing, derived from the writing of Miguel de Cervantes and J. L. Borges. The ‘self of writing’ refers to the figure of the author that a writer may imagine exists independently from discourse. The ‘public author as signature’ represents the public understandings of an author that emerge from biography and the author’s corpus itself. The book shows how these figures of authorship are handled by authors, as they draw on the materials offered by their own corpora and communities of readers. Sometimes, this book shows, authors invent distinctively literary ways of adjudicating enduring political debates: the responsibility of a novelist to the political aspirations of a community, the ability of the novel to pursue justice on behalf of others, and the public good that literature serves. Yet this is not a story of unmitigated success: the book also demonstrates how metafiction can be used as a way to close down interpretive schemes and to avoid contributing to public value. Through a close focus on literary environments, the book ultimately gives a finer-grained account of the history of postwar metafiction, and offers new ways of theorizing the relationship between fiction, life-writing, and literary institutions.

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Field, Clive D. Periodizing Secularization. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848806.001.0001.

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Moving beyond the (now somewhat tired) debates about secularization as paradigm, theory, or master narrative, this book focuses upon the empirical evidence for secularization, viewed in its descriptive sense as the waning social influence of religion, in Britain. Particular emphasis is attached to the two key performance indicators of religious allegiance and churchgoing, each subsuming several sub-indicators, between 1880 and 1945, including the first substantive account of secularization during the fin de siècle. A wide range of primary sources is deployed, many relatively or entirely unknown, and with due regard to their methodological and interpretative challenges. On the back of them, a cross-cutting statistical measure of ‘active church adherence’ is devised, which clearly shows how secularization has been a reality and a gradual, not revolutionary, process. The most likely causes of secularization were an incremental demise of a Sabbatarian culture and of religious socialization (in the church, at home, and in the school). The analysis is also extended backwards, to include a summary of developments during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; and laterally, to incorporate a preliminary evaluation of a six-dimensional model of ‘diffusive religion’, demonstrating that these alternative performance indicators have hitherto failed to prove that secularization has not occurred. The book is designed as a prequel to the author’s previous volumes on the chronology of British secularization – Britain’s Last Religious Revival? (2015) and Secularization in the Long 1960s (2017). Together, they offer a holistic picture of religious transformation in Britain during the key secularizing century of 1880–1980. [250 words]

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Murray, Chris. China from the Ruins of Athens and Rome. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767015.001.0001.

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Fascinated and often baffled by China, Anglophone writers turned to classics for answers. In poetry, essays, and travel narratives, ancient Greece and Rome lent interpretative paradigms and narrative shape to Britain’s information on the Middle Kingdom. While memoirists of the diplomatic missions in 1793 and 1816 used classical ideas to introduce Chinese concepts, Roman history held ominous precedents for Sino–British relations according to Edward Gibbon and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. John Keats illuminated how peculiar such contemporary processes of Orientalist knowledge-formation were. In Britain, popular opinion on Chinese culture wavered during the nineteenth century, as Charles Lamb and Joanna Baillie demonstrated in ekphrastic responses to chinoiserie. A former reverence for China yielded gradually to hostility, and the classical inheritance informed a national identity-crisis over whether Britain’s treatment of China was civilized or barbaric. Amidst this uncertainty, the melancholy conclusion to Virgil’s Aeneid became the master-text for the controversy over British conduct at the Summer Palace in 1860. Yet if Rome was to be the model for the British Empire, Tennyson, Sara Coleridge, and Thomas de Quincey found closer analogues for the Opium Wars in Greek tragedy and Homeric epic. Meanwhile, Sinology advanced considerably during the Victorian age, with translations of Laozi and Zhuangzi placed in dialogue with the classical tradition. Classics changed too, with not only canonical figures invoked in discussions of China, but current interests such as Philostratus and Porphyry. Britain broadened its horizons by interrogating the cultural past anew as it turned to Asia: Anglophone readers were cosmopolitans in time as well as space, aggregating knowledge of Periclean Athens, imperial Rome, and many other polities in their encounters with Qing Dynasty China.

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Hupaniittu, Outi, und Ulla-Maija Peltonen, Hrsg. Arkistot ja kulttuuriperintö. SKS Finnish Literature Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21435/tl.268.

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Archives and the Cultural Heritage The edited volume Archives and the Cultural Heritage focuses on archives as institutions and to their tense relationship with archives as material. These dynamics are discussed in respect of the past, the present, and the future. The focus lies in the mechanisms the Finnish archive institutions have utilised when taking part in forming the cultural heritage and in debating the importance of the private archives in society. Within social sciences and history from the early 1990s onwards, the effects of globalisation have been seen as a new focal point for research. Momentarily, the archives saw the same paradigm shift as the focus of the archival studies proceeded from state to society. This brought forth the notion that the values of society are reflected in the acquisition of archival material. This archival turn draws attention to the archives as entities formed by cultural practices. The volume discusses cultural heritage within Finnish archives with diverse perspectives and from various time periods. The key concepts are cultural heritage and archives – both as institution and as material. Articles review the formation of archival collections spanning from the 19th to the 21st century and highlight that the archives have never been neutral or objective actors; rather, they have always been an active process of remembering and forgetting, a matter of inclusion and exclusion. The focus is on private archives and on the choices that guided the creation of the archives and the cultural perceptions and power structures associated with them. Although private archives have considerable social and research value, and although their material complements the picture of society provided by documentary data produced by public administrations, they have only risen to the theoretical discussions in the 21st century. The authors consider what has happened before the material ends up in the archive, what happens in the archive and what can be deduced from this. It shows how archival solutions manifest themselves, how they have influenced research and how they still affect it. One of the key questions is whose past has been preserved and whose is deemed worthy of preservation. Under what conditions have the permanently preserved documents been selected and how can they be accessed? In addition, the volume pays attention to whose documents have been ignored or forgotten, as well as to the networks and power of the individuals within the archival institution and to the politics of memory. The Archives and the Cultural Heritage is an opening to a discussion on the mechanisms, practices and goals of Finnish archival activities. It challenges archival organisations to reflect on their own operating models and to make visible their own conscious or unconscious choices. It raises awareness of the formation of the Finnish documentary cultural heritage, produces new information about private archives and participates in the scientific debate on the changing significance of archives in society. The volume is related to the Academy of Finland research project “Making and Interpreting National Pasts – Role of Finnish Archives as Networks of Power and Sites of Memory” (no 25257, 2011–2014/2019), University of Turku. Project partners Finnish Literature Society (SKS) and Society of Swedish Literature in Finland (SLS).

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