Dissertationen zum Thema „Interpretativ fenomenologisk analys“

Bakgrund: Efter ett avtjänat fängelsestraff ska individen återintegreras till samhället, det kan vara svårt för en nyss frigiven att gå från anstalt och ut i frihet, detta innebär att individen ofta behöver stöd i olika former för att arbeta mot en återintegrering. Tidigare studier har funnit att stödet ofta finns hos familj och vänner, även att hitta en sysselsättning och en bostad samt att ha vilja och motivation. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka upplevelsen av återintegreringen i samhället hos tidigare dömda och vad som har varit betydande för återintegreringen. Metod: Data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes med åtta tidigare dömda deltagare från den ideella föreningen KRIS. En Interpretativ Fenomenologisk Analys genomfördes därefter för att skapa teman som varit framträdande under intervjuerna. Resultat: Resultatet av analysen visade att förändringsarbete inom individen och anpassningsresurser kring individen upplevdes viktigt för deltagarna i sin återintegrering till samhället. Deltagarna upplevde att inre förändring så som vilja och motivation var bidragande till återintegrering. Socialt stöd, praktiskt stöd samt tid upplevdes även det vara bidragande för återintegreringen. Diskussion: Resultatet gick i linje med tidigare forskning. Teorin om sociala band kunde förklara varför inre förändring hos deltagarna var viktigt för återintegreringen samt att socialt och praktiskt stöd var viktigt för återintegreringen i samhället. Förslag på vidare forskning och praktiskt arbete gavs.

2015-06-03

The purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of how the social workers' self-images are affected by how they perceive public attitudes and news media's portrayal of their profession as well as understanding how they are coping with it. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), which focuses on how individuals experience a certain phenomenon, has been used as a method. One of IPA's theoretical underpinnings is symbolic interactionism and therefore experiences which have effect on a person's self-image is significant. The results show that social workers perceive public attitudes as mainly negative and that the media often portrays social workers in a negative way, which aligns with previous studies. Furthermore, there seems to be a dissonance between the social workers' view of their professional role and how they feel that others perceive them, which led to the use of cognitive dissonance as a theory to support the results in the analysis. The social workers use different strategies to lessen the discomfort that emerges from the dissonance. For instance they tend to avoid telling others what they work with. A successful reduction of the dissonance can help the social workers to maintain a positive self-image.

Studien har till syfte att beskriva och analysera hur studie- och yrkesvägledare på olika gymnasieskolor upplever digitala förändringar i det faktiska vägledningsarbetet med elever under coronapandemin. Tidigare forskning inom ämnet belyser både det historiska användandet av digital vägledning men även hur den används idag. Den teoretiska referensram som använts för studien är sociokulturellt perspektiv och kommunikationsteori. Åtta studie- och yrkesvägledare har intervjuats och därefter har intervjuerna analyserats utifrån en fenomenologisk ansats. I studiens resultat framkommer det att respondenterna har en gemensam upplevelse gällande det faktiska arbetet med digital vägledning, hur den har påverkats av den digitala vägledningen samt vilka möjligheter och hinder det finns i arbetet med digital vägledning. Respondenternas upplevelse är att tillgängligheten har ökat och att studie- och yrkesvägledningen når både fler elever och föräldrar med hjälp av den digitala vägledningen. Ytterligare en möjlighet med den digitala vägledningen är att elever med psykosocial problematik har blivit lättare att nå och etablera relation med. Ett hinder som respondenterna lyfter är att de pauser som tidigare funnits i samband med förflyttning mellan fysiska möten har försvunnit och till följd av detta får de inte tid att mentalt bearbeta ett möte innan de går in i ett nytt. Ytterligare ett hinder med den digitala vägledningen är avsaknaden av att kunna avläsa kroppsspråk och sinnesstämning vilket påverkar relationsskapandet..

The aim of this thesis was to better understand how young men with non-European ethnicity experience life in Sweden, and which expectations they think society has on people with their group affiliation. A qualitative method with an inductive approach was applied where five men with non-European ethnicity, between the ages of 19–25, were interviewed with semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The feeling of “betweenship” was common and many participants had struggled with the shaping of their ethnic identity. The language worked as an in- and out-group marker, where traditional Swedish language and suburban language were used for social categorization. Integration is highlighted as an ideal where people with non-European background are expected to adopt the majority norms. Prejudice and stereotypes against people with non-European background is associated with violence and criminality, which lead to the use of active and passive coping strategies in the form of avoidant and open conversation.
Syftet med denna studie är att förstå hur unga män upplever att det är att leva i Sverige med utomeuropeisk bakgrund och vilka förväntningar de upplever att det finns på personer med deras grupptillhörighet. En kvalitativ metod med en induktiv ansats tillämpades och fem män med utomeuropeisk bakgrund i ålder 19–25 intervjuades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna analyserades utifrån en interpretativ fenomenologisk analys (IPA). Känslan av mellanförskap var vanligt förekommande och många hade haft svårt att utforma sin etniska identitet. Språket var en in- och utgruppsmarkör, då “rikssvenska” och “förortssvenska” användes vid social kategorisering. Integration lyfts fram som ett eftersträvansvärt ideal eftersom personer med utomeuropeisk bakgrund förväntas anpassa sig till majoritetssamhällets normer. Fördomar och stereotyper om personer med invandrarbakgrund förknippas med våld och kriminalitet, vilket gav upphov till aktiva och passiva copingstrategier i form av undvikande och öppen dialog.

Syftet med denna rapport var att undersöka individer från olika grupper och se hur deras uppfattningar, upplevelser och vardag under Covid-19 pandemin ser ut. Med hjälp av denna förståelse var målet att applicera beteendeteorier och riskteorier relevanta till pandemin i kombination med mentala modeller. Förhoppningen med kopplingen mellan individers upplevelse samt dessa teorier var att skapa en förståelse för vilka aspekter som kan påverka smittspridning. Frågeställningarna som besvarades var:  Skiljer det sig mellan grupper hur man förhåller sig till pandemin? Om folk går emot restriktioner eller rekommendationer, hur motiveras det? Hur anser folk att de har förändrat sitt liv om man jämför före och under pandemin? Kan sociala aspekter och uppfattad risk skapa en förståelse för vilka faktorer som påverkar smittspridning? Datainsamlingsmetoden var semistrukturerade intervjuer. Analysmetoden var interpretativ fenomenologisk analys. Tre bredare teman identifierades, agerande, resonerande och förändring. Slutsatsen var att det fanns vissa skillnader mellan grupperna hur de förhåller sig till pandemin och att aktiviteter som går mot rekommendationer och restriktioner var mycket baserat på social kontext, upplevd risk och aktiviteter som deltagarna gjorde innan pandemin. Deltagarna upplevde även att de har gjort en förändring i sina liv. Social kontakt visade sig givande för att känna gemenskap, en känsla av att bidra och att få annan input. Slutligen fastställdes det att den sociala kontexten och betydelsen av den samt riskuppfattning bör vara i åtanke för att förstå smittspridning och därmed pandemin.
The aim of this report was to examine individuals from different groups to see how their experiences, beliefs and everyday life has been during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thereafter the aim was to evaluate the results with the help of behavioral and risk theories of relevance to the pandemic in combination with mental models. The idea with the connection between the individual experiences and these theories was to come to an understanding about which aspects affect the spread of the virus. The study was based on the following research questions: Is there a difference between groups how they have adapted to the pandemic? If people go against recommendations and restrictions, how do they motivate that? In what way do people feel they have made a change during the pandemic? Can social aspects and perceived risk create an understanding of which factors affect the spreading of the virus? The data was collected via semi structured interviews. The analysis was made with an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three overarching themes were identified, how the participants act, how they reason, and how they have changed. The conclusion made from the study was that there were some differences between groups how they have adapted to the pandemic and that the motivations behind the activities which were against recommendations and restrictions were largely based on social context, perceived risk and activities the participants were doing before the pandemic. The participants also felt they had made changes to their lives. Social contact was shown to be important to feel a sense of belonging, a feeling of contributing and to get different input. Finally, the conclusion was drawn that social context and perceived risk should be considered to understand the spreading of the virus and thereby the pandemic.

Patienter som genomgått kirurgi på grund av övre gastrointestinal (GI) cancer drabbas oftast av olika postoperativa besvär som starkt påverkar patientens livssituation. Syftet: Att undersöka hur patienter som opererats för en misstänkt eller diagnostiserad övre GI-cancer upplever den tidiga postoperativa tiden i hemmet innan första återbesöket. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med tolkande fenomenologisk ansats. Tio patienter intervjuades och den transkriberade texten analyserades enligt Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Resultat: Fem överordnade teman framträdde: mat och ätande, kroppsfunktioner, återhämtning, stöd och oro inför framtiden. Informanterna upplevde att de hade en helt ny livssituation att anpassa sig till. Maten och ätandet var ett stort problem som de hade svårt att hantera, likaså var tröttheten dominerande. De flesta upplevde ett gott stöd från sina anhöriga men de saknade stöd från professionen. Informanterna uttalade önskemål om kontinuerlig kontakt med sjukvården som initieras av densamma. Konklusion: Patienter som opererats på grund av övre GI-cancer befinner sig i en mycket sårbar tid i livet och behovet av stöd är av största betydelse. Riktad information till både patient och anhöriga preoperativt, samt kontinuerlig och strukturerad uppföljning av kontaktsjuksköterska och dietist postoperativt behövs för att kunna förbättra livskvaliteten, öka välbefinnandet och samtidigt höja kvaliteten på vården för dessa patienter.

Bakgrund: Pandemin orsakad av Covid-19 har tvingat intensivvården till stora omställningar. Som del av restriktioner för att reducera risk för smittspridning måste skyddsutrustning användas vid patientkontakt med smittad patient. Användandet av skyddsutrustning har introducerat tankar på hur den vårdande relationen mellan patient och intensivvårdssjuksköterska påverkats.  Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa intensivvårdssjuksköterskans upplevelse av hur arbetet i skyddsutrustning under pågående pandemi påverkat den vårdande relationen med patienten. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sex intensivvårdssjuksköterskor. Intervjuerna låg vidare till grund för analys enligt tolkande fenomenologisk analys (IPA).  Resultat: Fyra överordnade teman framträdde ur analysen. I temat fokus på kommunikation framkom olika sätt skyddsutrustningen påverkat kommunikationen. Upplevelsen av avskärmning framkom i temat fokus på distans där närhet uttrycktes som avgörande för en vårdande relation. I temat fokus på lidande beskrevs hur skyddsutrustningen inverkat på lindrande beröring men också att den kan orsaka lidande. Känslor av otillräcklighet i den vårdande relation och maktlöshet inför att inte förmå förändra eller påverka framkom i temat fokus på känslor.  Slutsats: Skyddsutrustningen påverkar den vårdande relationen. Skyddsutrustningen reducerar möjligheten till etablering av vårdande relation vilket riskerar minska patientens möjlighet till delaktighet. Behov föreligger av ytterligare forskning om påverkan med fokus på prevention. Ett organisatoriskt medvetande om skyddsutrustningen inverkan på den vårdande relationen kan ligga till grund för interventioner ämnade att reducera dess negativa påverkan.
Background: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has forced the intensive care to make several adjustments. As part of restrictions to prevent spread of infection personal protective equipment (PPE) has to be used when in contact with infected patients. The use of PPE has introduced questions of its impact on the caring relationship between the patient and intensive care nurse.  Aim: The aim with this study was to illustrate the intensive care nurses experience of how working in PPE during the pandemic has affected the caring relationship with the patient.  Method: Semi- structured interviews was conducted with six intensive care nurses. The interviews served as data for an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).  Results: Four superior themes emerged from the analysis. In the theme focus on communication emerged different way of which the PPE has affected communication. The experience of being shielded emerged in the theme focus on distance where closeness was expressed as essential. In the theme focus on suffering was the PPE´s impact on touch described and also its potential cause of suffering. Emotions of inadequacy in regards to the caring relationship and powerlessness in regards of not being able to change or affect emerged in the theme focus on emotions.  Conclusion: The caring relationship has been affected by the use of PPE. PPE reduces the possibility of establishing a caring relationship which endangers the patient’s active participation. There is need for further research about affect with focus on prevention. An organizational awareness regarding PPE´s effect on the caring relationship could lay the foundation for interventions supposed to reduce its negative impact.

Barn har rätt att påverka sina liv utifrån barnkonventionen, vilket brister i dagsläget. Studien syftar till att synliggöra ungdomars upplevelser och åsikter om påverkan i relation till vuxna rörande det de anser är viktigt att få påverka i sina liv. Få studier finns om vad unga anser är viktigt att påverka eller om vad vuxna kan göra för att främja deras påverkansmöjligheter, varpå även det ämnas undersökas. Studien intar ett agens och empowermentperspektiv. Inspiration för ansatsen hämtas från fenomenologin där fokus kretsar kring individens upplevelser. Resultatet baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem ungdomar boende i Västra Götalands län, vilka är 16 eller 17 år. Materialet analyserades med tolkande fenomenologisk analys och centrala delar ur det utifrån ungdomarnas upplevelser är: det är viktigt att få möjlighet att påverka allt i sina liv, möjligheten att påverka enklare saker finns, vid komplexa sådana tas de ej på allvar. Att skapa tillit mellan sig och vuxna utgör en påverkansstrategi och samspelet mellan ungdomen och den vuxne påverkar hela processen. Vuxna kan främja möjligheterna till påverkan genom inkludering och att vilja förstå deras perspektiv. Samhället har skyldighet att arbeta för allas lika rättigheter. Så länge ojämlika förhållanden existerar är främjandet av barns rättigheter aktuellt.
According to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, children have the right to impact their own lives, which is inadequately implemented in today's society. The present study aims to highlight experiences from adolescents, who voiced their opinions on their perceived ability to impact decisions affecting matters central in their lives. Few studies exist regarding which areas adolescents consider most important to influence, nor regarding what adults can do to assist them in this. The current study captures a perspective of agency and empowerment and its approach is inspired by phenomenology. The result is based on semi-structured interviews involving five 16-17 year old adolescents living in Västra Götaland County, Sweden. The material was analysed with an interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology. The main findings show that adolescents' view the ability to impact all imoprtant matters in their lives as imperative and that while they do perceive that they are allowed to influence basic things, they are not taken seriously in regard to more complex matters. The findings suggests that adults can encourage impact by including adolescents in decision making and show willingness to understand their perspective. All societies have an obligation to promote equal rights. As long as unequal rights exist, promotion of the UN Rights of the Child is crucial.

The thesis presents the research on the experience of aliveness, planned on the basis of the theory of existential-phenomenological psychology and the conception of intersubjectivity. The critical analysis of literature has highlighted several inconsistencies within the concept of the experience of aliveness. The aims of the research were the following: a) to describe the phenomenological structure of the experience of aliveness; b) to reveal the regularities of the attribution of meanings to the experience of aliveness. With reference to the conception of intersubjectivity, six people aged 35-63 were selected to participate in the research, i.e. business managers and patients treated for depression. The unstructured interview method was employed and all research participants were asked the same initial question, “What does it mean for you to feel alive?” The research results were analysed with the help of the Interpretative Phenomenological analysis (IPA) method (according to Jonathan A. Smith). On the basis of the research findings, the following phenomenological definition has been developed: the experience of aliveness is a subjective status of emotional involvement of varying intensity, the main sources of which are the level of physical experience and interpersonal relations. The research has revealed that individual differences of the experience of aliveness are related to the following factors: emotional tension, the level of physical experience, interpersonal... [to full text]
Disertacijoje pristatytas gyvumo išgyvenimo tyrimas, suplanuotas remiantis egzistencine-fenomenologine psichologijos teorija ir intersubjektyvumo koncepcija. Kritinė literatūros analizė išryškino gyvumo išgyvenimo sampratos nenuoseklumus. Tyrimu siekta: a) aprašyti gyvumo išgyvenimo fenomenologinę struktūrą; b) atskleisti reikšmių gyvumo išgyvenimui priskyrimo dėsningumus. Remiantis intersubjektyvumo koncepcija, dalyvauti tyrime buvo atrinkti šeši 35-63 m. asmenys: verslo srityje dirbantys vadovai ir depresija sergantys ligoniai. Buvo atliktas nestruktūruotas interviu su visiems vienodu pradiniu klausimu: „Ką jums reiškia jaustis gyvam/ai?“. Tyrimo duomenys išanalizuoti pasitelkus interepretacinės fenomenologinės analizės metodą (pg. J.A.Smith). Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais buvo suformuluotas šis fenomenologinis apibrėžimas: gyvumo išgyvenimas – tai subjektyvi kintančio intensyvumo emocinio įsitraukimo būsena, kurios pagrindiniai šaltiniai – fizinis patyrimo lygmuo ir tarpasmeniniai santykiai. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad individualūs gyvumo išgyvenimo skirtumai yra susiję su šiais veiksniais: subjekto patiriama emocine įtampa, fiziniu patyrimo lygmeniu, tarpasmeniniais santykiais, laikiškumo išgyvenimu ir gebėjimu suteikti prasmę savo patyrimui. Apibendrinant tyrimo rezultatus, galima teigti, kad gyvumo išgyvenimas patiriamas optimalios fizinės, socialinės, psichologinės ir dvasinės stimuliacijos paieškos procese.

O presente trabalho sobre a Sonata para piano opus 55 nº 3 de Alberto Ginastera foi realizado tomando como referencial a análise desenvolvida por Lawrence Ferrara no Capítulo seis “An eclectic method for sound, form and representation” do seu livro “Philisophy and the Analisis of Music”. Dentro deste tipo de análise, apresentam-se diferentes enfoques analíticos: convencionais (que descrevem a forma musical ou sintaxe); fenomenológicos (descrições do som no tempo); e hermenêuticos (que descrevem os significados referenciais). Cada um destes enfoques é desenvolvido para finalmente favorecer uma visão holística, que permita estabelecer uma rede de relações estruturais, funcionais, significativas entre cada um dos elementos que o analista-intérprete determinou para abordar a interpretação musical da sonata.
The present work on Sonata nº 3 opus 55 for piano of Alberto Ginastera was carried through taking as referential the analysis developed by Lawrence Ferrara in the Chapter six “An eclectic method for sound, form and representation” of his book “Philosophy and the Analysis of Music”. Inside this type of analysis, different methods of analytical approaches are presented: conventional (describes the musical form or syntax); phenomenological (descriptions of the sound in the time); and hermeneutics (describes the referential meanings). Each one of these approaches is developed to finally favor a holistic vision, that allows to establish a net of relations structural, functional, significant between each one of the elements that the analyst-interpreter determined to approach the interpretation musical of the sonata.
El presente trabajo sobre la Sonata para piano opus 55 n°3 de Alberto Ginastera esta realizado tomando como referencial el análisis desarrollado por Lawrence Ferrara en el Capítulo seis “An eclectic method for sound, form and representation” de su libro “Philisophy and the Análisis of Music”. Dentro de ese análisis se presentan diferentes enfoques analíticos: convencionales (que describen la forma musical o sintaxis); fenomenológicos (descripciones del sonido en el tiempo); y hermenéuticos (que describen los significados referenciales). Cada uno de esos enfoques es desarrollado para finalmente favorecer una visión holística, que permita establecer una red de relaciones estructurales, funcionales, significativas entre cada uno de los elementos que el analista- intérprete determinó para abordar la interpretación musical de la sonata.

Syftet med studien var att ta reda på hur man kan främja lek för barn med autistiska symptom som bor på korttidsboenden. En kvalitativ intervjuundersökning gjordes med sex deltagare och analyserades sedan genom en tolkande fenomenologisk analys (IPA). Fyra huvudteman med tillhörande två underteman var valdes ut. Dessa var 1) Personal (personal och tid samt attityd och inställning), 2) Miljöns betydelse (fysiska samt psykiska miljön), 3) Verksamhetens struktur (genomförandeplaner samt kunskap) samt 4) Strategier för lek (lekens anpassning till barnet samt hjälp att styra upp leken). Uppdelning av ansvarsområden hos personalen, utbildning om lek för barn med autistiska symptom samt införande av lek som ett delmål i både verksamhetsplan samt barns individuella genomförandeplaner är föreslagna faktorer för främjandet av lek.

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Neste estudo, se investiga a criatividade de compositores musicais em suas atuações como freelancer. O trabalho criativo freelance origina uma experiência subjetiva em que recompensas financeiras, êxtases criativos, reconhecimento social e paixão convivem com ansiedade, risco, fracasso e insegurança. Considerando esse contexto, tem-se como objetivo compreender como músico compositor faz sentido da relação entre atividade criativa e trabalho freelance. Utilizou-se a análise fenomenológica interpretativa e literatura de atividade criativa para obtenção e interpretação das essências contidas nas experiências relatadas pelos trabalhadores. As entrevistas em profundidade foram realizadas com 15 músicos de São Paulo. Como resultado, este estudo identifica temas relevantes para compreensão da interação do músico com o contexto: sobreviver de música, ser artista ou autoempreendedor.
In this study, one investigates the creativity of musical composers in their performances as a freelancer. Freelance creative work creates a subjective experience in which financial rewards, creative ecstasies, social recognition, and passion coexist with anxiety, risk, failure, and insecurity. Considering this context, we aim to understand how musician composer makes sense of the relationship between creative activity and freelance work. We used the interpretative phenomenological analysis and creative activity literature to obtain and interpret the essences contained in the experiences reported by the workers. The in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 musicians from São Paulo. As a result, this study identifies themes relevant to understanding the musician's interaction with the context: surviving music, being an artist or self-employed.

I yrken med möten med människor som varit utsatta på något sätt och behöver stöd i en förändringsprocess krävs en kompetens för att möta den hjälpsökandes behov. Ständiga möten med människor i en utsatt situation alstrar ett lärande även hos den som förväntas stötta och uppmuntra till förändring. Föreliggande studie avser att undersöka upplevelser av lärande hos individer som arbetar med kvinnor utsatta för våld i en nära relation. Sex kvinnor i en mellanstor kommun i Sverige har deltagit i studien. De arbetar antingen yrkesmässigt eller ideellt i två samverkande verksamheter med utsatta kvinnor. Totalt har elva intervjuer genomförts där förfarandet haft en kvalitativ ansats. Det insamlade materialet har analyserats med en tolkande fenomenologisk analys, där resultatet består av följande tre teman: Ett omedvetet och medvetet lärande, formellt lärande samt informellt lärande. Resultatet visar också hur informanterna upplever olika förutsättningar för lärande samt vilken betydelse lärandet får för den dagliga verksamheten. Deltagarna upplever att de ständigt lär av andra och sig själva, där samarbete och samverkan är viktiga förutsättningar för att det dagliga arbetet skall fungera. Lärande är betydelsefullt för verksamhetens utveckling, individens personliga utveckling och för att den utsatta kvinnan skall få god hjälp. För att kunna lära behövs förutsättningar som exempelvis engagemang och intresse. Och för att dessa ska tillgodoses krävs förutsättningar av mottaglighet och utrymme som ges och fås, dels av individen själv men främst av individer i verksamheternas nätverk.
In occupations where encounters with people who have been exposed in some way and are in need of support in a process of change, competence is required to meet the needs of that person. Every encounter with people in vulnerable situations generates situations of learning also for the person that is expected to give support and encourage change. The present study aims to examine the experiences of learning within individuals who work with women victims of domestic violence. Six women in a medium-sized municipality in Sweden participated in the study. They either work with salaries or voluntarily in two collaborative units with abused women. A total of eleven interviews were conducted where the approach had a qualitative alignment. The collected material was analyzed with an interpretative phenomenological analysis and the result consists of the three following themes: Unconscious/conscious learning, formal learning and informal learning. The result also shows how the participants experience different conditions for learning and the importance learning adress to the daily worklife. Furthermore, the participants experience a constant learning from both other individuals and herself, where cooperation and collaboration are essential for the function of daily work. Learning is important for development of the workplace, personal development and so that the abused woman will get the help she need. To be able to learn, there are necessary preconditions such as commitment and interest. And for these to be met, other conditions are required such as receptivity and space, which are provided and obtained partly by the individual herself but mostly by individuals in the network surrounding the work places.

Psychological research into women’s embodied experience in pregnancy and the first year after birth is contradictory and mainly quantitative in nature. In response to these inconsistencies and the paucity of qualitative research in this area, this study investigated the embodied experience of women during pregnancy and the postpartum year. The study was conducted in Lithuania and the UK, using semi-structured interviews and drawings; the data were analysed using the qualitative methodology of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Six women participated, all primigravidae, aged 26-35. Each woman was seen five times; thrice during pregnancy and twice after her baby was born. A rich description of the women’s embodied experience emerged from the accounts, supporting the notion of bodily experience in pregnancy being dynamic, complex and firmly embedded in their life-world. Due to limitations of size with regard to the PhD thesis, only the results of one consecutive case and four superordinate themes which emerged from the interviews with all of the women in the second trimester of pregnancy viz: the uncontrollable body, the body as my teacher, uncertainty about inner and outer boundaries and embodied identity in the making, were presented and discussed. The study provides insights into this lived experience that may be useful in psychological theory and in practice when working with women at this important transitional life stage.
Psichologijoje įkūnytas moterų patyrimas nėštumo metu ir pirmaisiais metais po gimdymo vis dar retai tyrinėjamas, o esantys tyrimai yra dažniausiai kiekybiniai, atskleidžiantys prieštaraujančius rezultatus. Šiame tyrime buvo siekiama identifikuoti, aprašyti ir struktūruoti tai, kaip savo įkūnytą nėštumo ir pogimdyminio periodo patyrimą supranta ir įprasmina pačios pirmą kartą besilaukiančios moterys. Tyrimas atliktas Lietuvoje ir Didžiojoje Britanijoje, taikant giluminius pusiau struktūruotus interviu ir piešinius. Tekstai analizuoti naudojant kokybinį interpretacinės fenomenologinės analizės metodą. Tyrime dalyvavo šešios 26–35 metų amžiaus moterys. Su kiekviena moterimi buvo susitikta penkis kartus: tris kartus joms besilaukiant ir du kartus jau gimus vaikui. Gautas labai turtingas moterų įkūnyto patyrimo aprašymas, leidžiantis galvoti apie kūno patyrimą nėštumo metu kaip apie dinamišką, sudėtingą ir stipriai jų gyvenime įsišaknijusį fenomeną. Disertacijoje išsamiai pristatomas ir aptariamas vienas nuoseklus motinystės atvejis ir keturios metatemos (besilaukiančio kūno nekontroliuojamumas, kūnas – mano mokytojas, kūno vidinių ir išorinių ribų neaiškumas, besiformuojantis kūniškas identitetas), kurios buvo suformuluotos atlikus visų moterų interviu analizes antrajame jų nėštumo trimestre. Tyrimas suteikia galimybę pamatyti, kaip kasdienybėje yra patiriamas šis fenomenas, praturtindamas teorinę ir praktinę šio reiškinio sampratą.

Psichologijoje įkūnytas moterų patyrimas nėštumo metu ir pirmaisiais metais po gimdymo vis dar retai tyrinėjamas, o esantys tyrimai yra dažniausiai kiekybiniai, atskleidžiantys prieštaraujančius rezultatus. Šiame tyrime buvo siekiama identifikuoti, aprašyti ir struktūruoti tai, kaip savo įkūnytą nėštumo ir pogimdyminio periodo patyrimą supranta ir įprasmina pačios pirmą kartą besilaukiančios moterys. Tyrimas atliktas Lietuvoje ir Didžiojoje Britanijoje, taikant giluminius pusiau struktūruotus interviu ir piešinius. Tekstai analizuoti naudojant kokybinį interpretacinės fenomenologinės analizės metodą. Tyrime dalyvavo šešios 26–35 metų amžiaus moterys. Su kiekviena moterimi buvo susitikta penkis kartus: tris kartus joms besilaukiant ir du kartus jau gimus vaikui. Gautas labai turtingas moterų įkūnyto patyrimo aprašymas, leidžiantis galvoti apie kūno patyrimą nėštumo metu kaip apie dinamišką, sudėtingą ir stipriai jų gyvenime įsišaknijusį fenomeną. Disertacijoje išsamiai pristatomas ir aptariamas vienas nuoseklus motinystės atvejis ir keturios metatemos (besilaukiančio kūno nekontroliuojamumas, kūnas – mano mokytojas, kūno vidinių ir išorinių ribų neaiškumas, besiformuojantis kūniškas identitetas), kurios buvo suformuluotos atlikus visų moterų interviu analizes antrajame jų nėštumo trimestre. Tyrimas suteikia galimybę pamatyti, kaip kasdienybėje yra patiriamas šis fenomenas, praturtindamas teorinę ir praktinę šio reiškinio sampratą.
Psychological research into women’s embodied experience in pregnancy and the first year after birth is contradictory and mainly quantitative in nature. In response to these inconsistencies and the paucity of qualitative research in this area, this study investigated the embodied experience of women during pregnancy and the postpartum year. The study was conducted in Lithuania and the UK, using semi-structured interviews and drawings; the data were analysed using the qualitative methodology of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Six women participated, all primigravidae, aged 26-35. Each woman was seen five times; thrice during pregnancy and twice after her baby was born. A rich description of the women’s embodied experience emerged from the accounts, supporting the notion of bodily experience in pregnancy being dynamic, complex and firmly embedded in their life-world. Due to limitations of size with regard to the PhD thesis, only the results of one consecutive case and four superordinate themes which emerged from the interviews with all of the women in the second trimester of pregnancy viz: the uncontrollable body, the body as my teacher, uncertainty about inner and outer boundaries and embodied identity in the making, were presented and discussed. The study provides insights into this lived experience that may be useful in psychological theory and in practice when working with women at this important transitional life stage.

This dissertation serves as a report on the qualitative exploration of best practices in animal-assisted therapy (AAT) with children. The aim of the study was to explore and describe best practices in the field of AAT with children in the Western Cape. The research made use of the case study design, which offered the researcher the opportunity to interact with a small number of individuals and look for patterns in the research participants’ words and experiences. Four participants, who were trained mental health professionals and had offered AAT to children, were selected to participate in the research. A literature review of animal-assisted therapy and best practice provided a theoretical basis for the research. The history of AAT, the uses and benefits of AAT and the animals incorporated in AAT were explored. The term “best practice” and its application in mental health and AAT were also discussed. The verbatim transcriptions of the audiotaped data were analysed and interpreted using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and an AAT conceptual framework (brought about by the literature review). Themes were developed from the empirical data and substantiated by the literature review. Five main themes emerged as a result of the analysis. The first theme, Training of the animal-assisted therapist, focused on both the mental health training and the AAT training of the therapist. The second theme, Training of animals incorporated in animal-assisted therapy, revealed the importance of training the animal to be included in AAT. The third theme, Different client populations in animal-assisted therapy, looked at which populations should be included, excluded or included and carefully managed during AAT. The fourth theme, Ethical considerations in animal-assisted therapy, revealed the importance of considering both the child’s and the animal’s welfare. The fifth theme, Regulation of animal-assisted therapy, gave a more in-depth description of the current regulation of AAT in the Western Cape and provided suggestions for the regulation of AAT. Based on the findings of the five themes, recommendations were made for best practice in AAT with children in the Western Cape.
Thesis (MA (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Subjektyvių seksualumo išgyvenimų paauglystėje analizė nėra dažna tema psichologinių tyrimų lauke. Tačiau tai nereiškia, kad turėtume sutikti su paplitusia, tačiau mokslinę žiūrą ribojančia perspektyva, seksualumą tapatinančia tik su seksualine elgsena. Šioje disertacijoje atsisakoma išankstinių nuostatų paauglių seksualumą vertinti tik kaip problematišką ir rizikingą reiškinį. Kaip heteroseksualios mergaitės išgyvena savo seksualumą viduriniosios paauglystės laikotarpiu (14-17m.)? Kaip jų seksualumas atsiskleidžia kasdienybėje? Atsakymams atrasti šiame tyrime pasitelkta kokybinio tęstinio tyrimo strategija ir interpretacinės fenomenologinės analizės metodas. 9 tyrimo dalyvių interviu medžiaga atskleidė, jog 14 -15 m. amžiuje seksualumo patirtis galima struktūruoti kaip keturias metatemas: fizinio seksualumo atpažinimą; seksualios Aš fragmentiškumą; seksualumo patyrimą kaip santykio Aš-priešingos lyties KITAS, dalį; buvimo seksualia, bet ne „pasileidusia“: naujo tapatumo paieškas. Disertacijoje formuluojama žvilgsnio situacijos koncepcija, aiškinanti seksualios Aš įsisąmoninimą. Pristatomas nuoseklus buvimą ir tapsmą seksualia paaugle iliustruojantis atvejis.
The experience of sexuality in adolescence is not a frequent research object in the field of psychological inquiry. However, it does not mean that we must accept the narrow identification of sexuality with the sexual behavior. The discourse of this thesis denies the prejudices to see adolescent sexuality as the problematic and risky phenomenon only. How the girls undergo their experience of sexuality in mid-adolescence (age 14-17)? The novel strategy of the developmental longitudinal qualitative research and the method of interpretative phenomenological analysis were selected to answer this question. The findings of nine girls (age of 14-15) interview revealed that sexual experience can be structured as four meta-themes: a) recognition of physical sexuality; b) a fragmented sexual Self; c) sexual experience as a part of intersubjective relation between SELF and the opposite sex OTHER; d) a dilemma of being sexual, but not „promiscuous“: search for a new identity. The material provides new data on the first conscious sexual experiences, conceptualized as a gaze situation. The processes of being and becoming a sexual person are uncovered through the coherent case study.

This diploma thesis focuses on the existential themes of religious seniors. In the theoretical part the notions of 'spirituality' and 'religiosity' are discussed. The following chapters are aimed at the old age in connection to spirituality, personality development and existential questions. The data obtained through semi structured interviews with the religious seniors (n = 8, 6 females and 2 males, average age 82.25 years) are analysed and interpreted by the means of interpretative phenomenological analysis in the research part. The analysis and interpretations answer research tasks specified on broader basis as follows: a) what is characteristic for the faith of the interviewed respondents and what were the changes of faith throughout their lives; b) the way the seniors have been coping with existential themes throughout their lives, some of these being especially urgent in this age period: the meaning of life, hope for the future, the meaning of pain and suffering, coping with the mortality of themselves as well as with the one of their relatives and friends, and dealing with solitude.

(in English): Our topic of this work is the effect of film therapy on the experience of people with depressive symptoms. Its aim is to find out what emotional responses films evoke in people with depressive symptoms and whether they find any risks or benefits in film therapy. In the theoretical part, firstly we focus on film therapy itself, its origins, empirical anchoring, definition and its application with a focus on its effects. We also discuss depression and its symptoms, which we examine in more detail, as well as the current treatment options for depression, based on ICD- 10. In this section, we also focus on the latest findings regarding the possibility of treating depressive symptoms through film therapy. The empirical part follows, which is focused qualitatively. Based on the analysis of semi-structured interviews with six respondents who have subjectively experienced depressive symptoms in the last five years, we are now looking for answers to the identified research questions. The results of the research are described in the last part of the empirical work, where they are discussed and compared with previous research results on this topic and the literature. Subsequently, other possibilities of potential folowing researches are discussed.

This thesis explores the experiences of older adults with successful ageing and achieving ego integrity. It describes the sources related to ego integrity, that are helpful in facing the challenges of the eighth stage (ego integrity vs. despair). Five interviews were conducted with older adults, aged 65+. These interviews were subsequently analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). KEYWORDS ego integrity, aging, qualitative research, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)

The aim of the thesis is to examine the work experience of investigative journalists. Regarding the specificity and a demanding character of this job, the attention was aimed to perceieved risks and coping strategies of selected journalists. The theoretical part was divided into two sections. The first stemming from the theoretical background of the media studies. In the second, the themes emerging from the analysis, relating to the field of psychology, were described. The empirical part of the research is based on qualitative design, more specifically on the method The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Within the research two in-depth interviews with two investigative journalists were made. Each of the respondents is dedicated to different type of investigative journalism and focuses primarily on different geographical area. Within the characteristics of IPA I concentrated on their subjective experience while the working process. Both of the respondents were asked to talk freely about what they considered important relating to my questions. In the analytical part I tried to intepret the answers regarding possible personality sources. Based on the findings I formed a proposal of the categories of these sources which within the living experience of the respondents seemed crucial for...

This work deals with the issue of dual diagnosis, namely patients with schizophrenic disease who are addicted to drugs and their view of the anxiety process. Theoretical background research is devoted to schizophrenic disease, addictive disorders and specifics in the treatment of patients with dual diagnosis. The aim of this research was to find out how users of addictive substances with a schizophrenic circuit disorder evaluate and experience the process of their anxiety. To create the above goal, I set the main research question, concretized by three sub- questions: (1) How do drug users with schizophrenic disorders assess and experience the process of their anxiety? (1.1.) "How do drug users with schizophrenic disorders have insight into their difficulties in treatment?" (1.2.) "How the level of these difficulties changed before the end of treatment"? (1.3.) "What aspects of recovery do these patients consider important?" The research set was selected by methods of improbable purpose. The research group finally consisted of four patients, i.e. hospitalized in the Psychiatric Hospital X. Sources of data for the case study in this case are medical documentation of patients (anamnestic data, records of group and individual therapies) and semi-structured interviews. The obtained data fixed by audio...

This diploma thesis was focused on the study of integrity, its aspects, forms and resources in seniors, which we have identified as persons with a high degree of integrity based on established criteria. The aim of this work was to capture and understand the unique life experience of these seniors. The work consists of a theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part consists of explanation of concepts of integrity and old age, in particular we focus on Erikson's conception of integrity and concept of successful aging. The empirical part consists of qualitative research aimed at finding sources and manifestations of integrity in three unique life stories of seniors aged 75-91. We obtained data for our research in a home for the elderly through semi-structured interviews, which we then analyzed using the method of interpretative phenomenological analysis. The results are presented from two perspectives. The first is an analysis of the experience of individual seniors, the second represents the perspective of themes that are important for integrity and appeared in most of our respondents. These themes are: Activity, Moral Integrity, Trust - Acceptance - Surrender, Ways of Living, Modesty, Relationship Orientation and Spirituality. We also created a category for unique qualities, which appeared...

Architecture is an integral part of the (not only) visual world and human existence. Its position expands between utilitarian areas and artistic functions. But what are the specific characteristics that connects it to the visual arts? Is the current architecture visually and experientially inspiring? Dissertation develops a reflection on how, by working with architectural detail to convey a modern architecture to students at schools and permanently integrate it into the education. The goal is the linking with theoretical basis of the author's individual view of the aesthetic qualities of architectural detail with intention of finding didactic bases. As a medium to approach and grasp this phenomenon is used photography, which is seen as a smooth transition between two- dimensional and three-dimensional world. At the same time, however, it works completely autonomously. The research method is based on the principle of interpretative phenomenological analysis, in which, through the interpretation of respondent's works of art and comparison of the individual artistic creation, looking for points of contact and new possibilities for art education. The architectural detail is treated as an artistic language and also as the medium, which offers a number of alternatives, but has so far not found its full...

1 Abstract Published researches show that loneliness negatively affects mental and physical health and occurs across all age groups. However, the area of loneliness has not been sufficiently explored in the Czech context, and there are still not enough studies on a global scale focusing on loneliness in people with mental illness. This work therefore contributes to the opening of this issue from the perspective of social work, which can respond well to the challenges that loneliness brings to the lives of people with mental illness. In the theoretical part I deal with the definition of a group of diagnoses called "serious mental illnesses". A common feature of diagnoses from this group is a serious disruption of normal and social functioning of the individual. Subsequently, I define loneliness, its types and theoretical framework, which provides an insight into the issue. Furthermore, I present the basic researched areas, which are followed by abstracts of studies with focus on loneliness in people with mental illness. The aim of the thesis was to answer the main research question: "How do people with serious mental illness experience loneliness?" It was answered using interpretive phenomenological analysis, which offers a flexible approach to research and gives space for respondent's interpretation. The...

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade em Psicologia Clínica
O presente estudo tem como tema principal a experiência de ouvir vozes. Nos últimos trinta anos, este tema tem ganho alguma relevância no mundo da investigação científica. Este fenómeno, mais conhecido por ser um sintoma de primeira ordem do quadro clínico da esquizofrenia, é denominado pela vertente psiquiátrica como alucinações auditivas e definido como experiência do tipo percetivo que ocorre sem estimulação externa (APA, 2013). Contudo, no presente estudo privilegia-se a perspetiva de Marius Romme, segundo a qual a audição de vozes passa a ser vista como um fenómeno do funcionamento “normal” do sujeito, podendo ter variados significados para quem o experiencia (Romme & Escher, 1989; Lodgen et al., 2012; Woods, 2013). O objetivo principal deste estudo é dar a conhecer a vivência de ouvir vozes, privilegiando o relato na primeira pessoa, ou seja, a experiência subjetiva da vivência do fenómeno. A metodologia escolhida para concretizar o presente estudo foi do tipo qualitativo, utilizando-se o método fenomenológico IPA (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis), com vista a que seja possível estudar, conhecer e compreender a vivência deste fenómeno de forma mais aprofundada. Utilizou-se como instrumento de recolha de dados uma entrevista semi-estruturada baseada no questionário Hearing Voices de Romme e Escher (2000). Concluiu-se com este estudo que ouvir vozes é um fenómeno que alberga significado na vida e que reflete estados emocionais do sujeito, corroborando, assim, estudos anteriores.
ABSTRACT: The main subject of this study is the phenomenon of hearing voices. In the last thirty years hearing voices has gained some importance in the world of scientific research. This phenomenon is better known has a first-rank symptom of schizophrenia and it is referred as auditory hallucinations and is defined by the psychiatric model as a perceived type of experience that occurs without external stimulation (APA, 2013). However, the present study favors Marius Romme’s perspective of the hearing voices phenomenon. So, hearing voices on this hand is seen to be a phenomenon that takes part of the “normal” functioning of the individual’s life, since this is represented to be a meaningful experience (Romme & Escher, 1989; Logden et al., 2012; Woods, 2013). The main objective of this study is to know and explore the experience of living with voices, giving emphasis to fist person view that is the subjective experience of one with voices. In order to achieve our main goal, a phenomenological method was implemented such as IPA (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis). A semi-structured interview based on the Hearing Voices Questionnaire by Romme and Escher (2000) was the instrument utilized to collect data. It was concluded with this study that hearing voices is a meaningful phenomenon to the individual’s life and it reflects emotional states, thus corroborates previous studies.

The aim of the diploma thesis "Maternal Identification in Anorexia Nervosa" is to map the developmental context of the onset of anorexia nervosa in female patients related with the formation of relationships with immediate caregivers and the detailed focus on the daughter's relationship with the mother. The theoretical part offers a cross-section of psychoanalytic theories that specifically deal with such process. These are mainly the object relations theory, the attachment theory as well as the recent theory of mentalization. The initial premise of the whole work is the femininity itself, the age of the patients when the period of adolescence and female gender are amongst the main risk factors for the development of anorexia nervosa and contribute to the disproportion between male and female patients. The concept of identification between daughter and mother within the separation-individuation process is described both in early childhood and during adolescence. The empirical part focuses on a particular examination of the patient's relationships with primary caregivers, the immediate environment from childhood to adulthood and the factors involved in the development of the disease. Through a semi-structured in-depth interview, the study monitors key moments of psychosocial development in four...

81 Abstract The presented diploma thesis solves fears which are experienced by workers in low-threshold institutions for children and youth (NZDM) in their ongoing contact work. The theoretical articles are focused on the description of NZDM - it's principles, target group, methods and protective mechanisms of work. The following articles describes workers in NZDM. Due to the topic of diploma thesis, the fears are defined in the next articles. The research part of the thesis solves meanings and experiencing of fears using the interpretative phenomenological analysis by A. Smith. The analysis outcome is of high importance experiencing frustration, uncertainty and refusal. The fears are experienced in the background of their own personal life experiences, in the clients specific lives, in the relationship with clients, experiencing competency and work requirements. The most commented values are the intrapsychical safety and self-esteem. The analysis also shows the protective strategies for coping with the fears. Workers talked about the benefits of the experienced problems.

This diploma thesis focuses on selected psychological aspects of Jewish identity, namely its content and meaning in contemporary Czech society. It reviews how the bearers of this identity understand and feel positive or negative aspects related to it in their lives. The theoretical part introduces the field of identity in psychology in general and subsequently focuses specifically on Jewish identity. The chosen theoretical model of identity, adjusted to the Czech environment, represents the basis for applied research of this identity. The empirical part is conducted as a qualitative study by means of interpretative phenomenological analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews. The results mapping contemporary Jewish identity in Czech society should be utilised to raise awareness about this frequently overlooked topic and perhaps also further utilised by professionals who encounter Jewish identity in their work. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The main theme of the dissertation work are allocations of sources in regular dialysis treatment in ethical context. The aim of the work is detection, description and understanding to ethical problems forming in context with questionable allocation of sources in regular dialysis treatment. The theoretical part of the work is concentrated on mapping above mentioned problems from various point of view. By the help of analysis of pertinent literature it is referred to historical determination and social-economic context of difficult allocation of rare sources in health service, which subsequently caused development of specific ethical problems in clinical practice of dialysis treatment. Above mentioned ethical problems are discussed chronologically, namely from the first using of a dialysis device up to now, when this therapy is considered to be a standard clinical method. The practical part of the work contains results of high-quality research, the aim of which was to explore the experience of respondents with allocation of resources in regular dialysis treatment and so in ethical context. The dates for the research were obtained by the help of expert dialogues, the method of interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to the analysis of dates. The results of the research is the interpretation...

It is evident from the 2015 national employee strike at organisation A that something should be done immediately to regain stakeholders’ (employees, suppliers and customers) trust. Despite good initiatives to engage and retain talent, some employees are still resigning. The study aimed to understand staff experiences on engagement and retention in a Polokwane based telecommunications organisation. A qualitative research approach and an interpretative phenomenological analysis design were used to explore and interpret the lived experiences. In-depth interviews using open-ended questions were employed to collect data from participants, who were purposefully selected. The researcher interviewed seven employees. The main themes helped to summarise the individuals' responses. The following main themes emerged from the proposed employee engagement (EE) model: (i) communication, (ii) motivation, (iii) relationship, (iv) interest, (v) health and welfare, (vi) development and (vii) monetary value.
Megwanto ya boipelaetšo go bašomi ka kakaretšo ye e bilego gona ka 2015 go khampani ya A e bontšhitše gore go pepeneneng gore se sengwe se swanetše se dirwe go tliša tshepho go batšeakarolo (bašomi, batšweletši le badiriši). Le ge go na le maitapišo a poledišano le go se lobe talente, bašomi ba bangwe ba sa tšwelapele go tlogela mošomo. Lebaka legolo la go dira nyakišišo ke go le leka go kwešiša maitemogelo a bašomi mabapi le tshwaragano le go lota khamphani ya tša megala Polokwane. Mokgwa wa dinyakišišo tše di tseneletšego le go hlathollwa ka mokgwa wa ponagalo le popego o somišitšwe go leka le go hlatholla maitemogelo a bona. Dipoledišano tše di tseneletšego go šomišwa dipotšišo tša go nyaka mmono wa bašomi di dirišitšwe go kgoboketša dipalopalo go tšwa go batšeakarolo bao ba kgethilwego ka nepo. Monyakišiši o boledišane le bašomi ba šupa. Kgwekgwe tša taba di thušitše go akaretša diphetolo go tšwa go batšeakarolo ba go fapafapana. Mohlala wo o šišintšwego wa go kgokogana le bašomi o tšweleditše kgwekgwe tše dilatelago: poledišano, tlhohleletšo, kamano, kgahlego, katlego ya tša maphelo, kgatelopelo le boleng bja matlotlo.
Nadat maatskappy A se werknemers in 2015 landswyd gestaak het, moes ingegryp word om die vertroue van belanghebbendes (werknemers, verskaffers en kliënte) in die maatskappy te herstel. Ondanks daadwerklike pogings om bevoegde werknemers aan te stel en te behou, bedank werknemers steeds. Hierdie studie stel ondersoek in na werknemers se siening van die aanstelling en behoud van personeel in die telekommunikasiemaatskappy waarvan die hoofkantoor in Polokwane is. Oop vrae is in-diepteonderhoude aan opsetlik gekose deelnemers gestel om die data in te win. Die navorser het met sewe werknemers onderhoude gevoer. Hulle antwoorde is volgens temas opgesom. Die volgende temas blyk uit die voorgestelde werknemeraanstelling- of WA-model: (i) kommunikasie, (ii) motivering, (iii) verhoudings, (iv) belang, (v) gesondheid en welstand, (vi) ontwikkeling en (vii) monetêre waarde.
Business Management
M. Com. (Business Management)

This study explored academic researchers’ engagement in research ethics at an OpenDistance Learning (ODL) institution in South Africa (SA), with the intention of discovering the way in which human resource management (HRM) practitioners, employed at the same institution, can support academic researchers’ engagement in research ethics. The study’s purpose was to develop a conceptual framework for HRM practitioners to support academic researchers’ engagement in research ethics, at an ODL institution in SA.For this qualitative study, an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach was followed. Data were collected from 13 purposively selected academic researchers, employed at an ODL institution, by means of semi-structured individual interviews, naive sketches and fieldnotes. The IPA approach offers an analysis method that was accordingly employed. Thereafter, the findings were interpreted with the Job-Demands Resource (JD-R) theory.These interpretations were used to construct the conceptual framework according to the organising principles of Dickhoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968) Academic researchers have some resources to support engagement in research ethics, but also face several job demands, which has a negative influence on their ability to engage in research ethics. HRM practitioners have a critical role to fulfil to support academic researchers’ engagement in research ethics, by facilitating a work environment where job resources are readily available. In addition, the ODL institution must be well-balanced, successful, and endorse a culture of ethics within its organisational culture, for academic researchers to engage in research ethics. HRM practitioners have an essential role to endorse a culture of ethics within the ODL institution. The findings will benefit both academic researchers and the ODL institution. The support that HRM practitioners provide, should include, inter alia, a) enabling an engaging leadership style, b) ensuring that ethical values are embedded in the recruitment strategy, and c) revising the performance agreements and performance appraisals of academic employees to include research ethics. This study forms part of a limited pool of qualitative studies to investigate WE, using the JD-R theory as a theoretical framework. This study is furthermore a forerunner in exploring the role that HRM practitioners can play in supporting academic researchers’ engagement in research ethics. It is the first study to use the IPA approach in the field of Management Sciences to investigate WE with the JD-R theory as a theory of engagement. By using the organising principles of Dickoff et al. (1968), for conceptual framework development to explain WE according to the JD-R theory, a seminal contribution was made.
Hierdie studie ondersoek akademiese navorsers se verbintenis tot navorsingsetiek by ’n oopafstandleerinstelling (ODL institution) in Suid-Afrika met die voorneme om ’n manier te vind waarop nslikehulpbronbestuurspraktisyns (MHB-praktisyns) wat by dieselfde instelling werksaam is, akademiese navorsers se verbintenis tot navorsingsetiek kan ondersteun. Die studie se oogmerk was om ’n konseptuele raamwerk vir MHB-praktisyns te ontwikkel om akademiese navorsers se verbintenis tot navorsingsetiek by ’n pafstandleerinstelling te ondersteun. Vir hierdie kwalitatiewe studie is ’n Interpreterende Fenomenologiese Ontledingsbenadering (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis [IPA] approach) gevolg. Data is by 13 doelbewusgeselekteerde akademiese navorsers, werksaam by ’n oopafstandleerinstelling, ingesamel deur middel van migestruktureerde- individuele onderhoude, naïewe sketse en veldnotas. Die Interpreterende Fenomenologiese Ontledingsbenadering bied ’n ntledingsmetode wat dienooreenkomstig gebruik is. Hierna is die bevindings met die werk- vereistes-hulpbronneteorie (job-demands resource [JD-R] theory) geïnterpreteer. Hierdie interpretasies is gebruik om die konseptuele raamwerk te ontwikkel volgens die organiseringsbeginsels van Dickhoff, James en Wiedenbach (1968). Akademiese navorsers beskik oor ’n paar hulpbronne wat ’n verbintenis tot navorsingsetiek ondersteun, maar word ook met verskeie werkseise gekonfronteer wat ’n negatiewe invloed op hulle vermoë om hul tot navorsingsetiek te verbind, kan hê. MHB-praktisyns speel ’n kritiese rol om akademiese navorsers te ondersteun ten opsigte van hul verbintenis tot navorsingsetiek deur ’n werksomgewing te fasiliteer waar werkshulpbronne geredelik beskikbaar is. Verder moet die oopafstandleerinstelling ‘n gebalanseerde etiese organisasiekultuur onderskryf om akademiese navorsers te help om hulle te verbind tot etiese navorsing. MHB-praktisyns speel ’n noodsaaklike rol om ’n etiese kultuur binne die ODL- instelling te ondersteun. Akademiese navorsers, sowel as die oopafstandleerinstelling, sal baat vind by die bevindinge. Die ondersteuning wat MHB-praktisyns bied, behoort onder meer die volgende in te sluit: a) om ’n werksbegeesterde leierskapstyl moontlik te maak; b) om te verseker dat etiese waardes by die werwingstrategie ingesluit is; en c) om die prestasie-ooreenkomste en prestasiebeoordelings van akademiese personeel te hersien om navorsingsetiek in te sluit.
Lolu cwaningo lwacubungula ukulandela nokusebenzisa kwabacwaningi inkambiso yocwaningo enhle nelungileyo esikhungweni seMfundo-buqama Evulelekile (ODL), phecelezi, i-Open Distance Learning institution eNingizimu Afrika (SA), ngenhloso yokuthola indlela engasetshenziswa ngabasebenzi abangongoti bezokuphathwa kwabasebenzi (HRM), abaqashwe esikhungweni leso, ukweseka ukulandela nokusebenzisa kwabacwaningi bezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme inkambiso yocwaningo enhle nelungileyo uma benza ucwaningo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwabe kuwukwakha okuthuthukisa uhlaka-kuhlaziya lokuqonda olwenzelwe abasebenzi be-HRM ekusekeleni abacwaningi bezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme ukuze bakwazi ukulandela nokusebenzisa inkambiso enhle nelungileyo uma benza ucwaningo esikhungweni esiyi-ODL eNingizimu Afrika. Kulolu cwaningo olwabe luwucwaningo olugxile ekuxoxisaneni okunzulu futhi okunohlonze nababambiqhaza bocwaningo bakhethiweyo abayingcosana (qualitative research) kwalandelwa indlela-kuhlaziya egxile kwisimo-kuqonda sombambiqhaza ocwaningo, phecelezi i-Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Imininingo yocwaningo yaqoqwa kubacwaningi bezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme abayi-13 abakhethwe ngenhloso, kusetshenziswa indlela-kuxoxisana engagcini nje kuphela ohlwini lwemibuzo ehlelekile, kepha elandelisa nangeminye imibuzo evulekile, phecelezi ama-semi-structured individual interviews, nemidwebo elula kanye namanothi athathwe endaweni okwenzelwa kuyona ucwaningo. Indlela-kuhlaziya i-IPA ihlinzeka ngendlela yokuhlaziya okuyiyona eyasetshenziswa ocwaningweni. Emuva kwalokho imiphumela eyatholakala ocwaningweni yahunyushwa kusetshenziswa ithiyori i-Job-Demands Resource (JD-R) theory. Ngokusho kuka-Dickhoff, James no-Wiedenbach (1968) lezi zihumusho zabe sezisetshenziselwa ukwakha uhlaka-kuhlaziya lokuqonda. Abacwaningi bezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme banazo izinsiza-kusebenza zokulandela nokusebenzisa inkambiso yocwaningo enhle nelungileyo, kodwa-ke zikhona futhi nezingcindezi-zidingo zomsebenzi eziningana ezinomthelela ongemuhle emandleni abo okulandela nokusebenzisa inkambiso enhle nelungileyo uma benza ucwaningo. Abasebenzi be-HRM banendima esemqoka kakhulu okumele bayidlale ekwesekeni abacwaningi bezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme ekulandeleni nokusebenzisa inkambiso enhle nelungileyo uma benza ucwaningo, ngokuthi bakhe isimo sokusebenzela lapho ziyinala futhi zitholakala kalula izinsiza-kusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho isikhungo esiyi-ODL kumele kube ngesizinzile nesihleleke kahle, esiphumelelayo futhi eseseka usiko-mpilo lwenkambiso enhle nelungileyo ngaphakathi kusiko-mpilo lwaso njengenhlangano, ukuze abacwaningi bezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme bakwazi ukulandela nokusebenzisa inkambiso enhle nelungileyo uma benza ucwaningo. Abasebenzi be-HRM banendima esemqoka okumele bayidlale ekwesekeni usikompilo lwenkambiso enhle nelungileyo ngaphakathi esikhungweni esiyi-ODL. Imiphumela etholakale ocwaningweni izohlomulila abacwaningi bezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme iphinde futhi ihlomulise nezikhungo eziyi-ODL. Ukwesekwa okuhlinzekwa ngabasebenzi be-HRM kumele kubandakanye, phakathi kokunye, a) ukwakhiwa kwesitayela sobuholi senzebenziswano, ubambiswano nokubonisana b) kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimo-mpilo zenkambiso enhle nelungileyo ziyisisekelo seqhingasu lokuqashwa kwabasebenzi, kanye c) nokubuyekezwa kwezivumelwano zensebenzo kanye nokuhlolwa nokubuyekezwa komsebenzi wabasebenzi bezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme ukuze kubandakanywe inkambiso enhle nelungileyo. Lolu cwaningo luyingxenye yeqoqwana elincane lomsebenzi osuwenziwe kuze kube manje wocwaningo olugxile ekuxoxisaneni okunzulu futhi okunohlonze nababambiqhaza bocwaningo abakhethiweyo abayingcosana okuhloswe ngalo ukuphenya nokucwaninga i-WE, kusetshenziswa ithiyori i-JD-R njengohlaka lwethiyori yocwaningo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu cwaningo luyivulandlela ekucubunguleni indima engadlalwa ngabasebenzi be-HRM ekwesekeni ukulandela nokusebenzisa kwabacwaningi bezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme inkambiso enhle nelungileyo uma benza ucwaningo. Lolu wucwaningo lokuqala olusebenzisa indlela-kuhlaziya i-IPA emkhakheni wamaSayensi Ezokuphatha ngenhloso yokuphenya nokuhlola i-WE kusetshenziswa ithiyori i-JD-R njengethiyori yokucubungula umsebenzi wocwaningo. Kwaba negalelo elikhulukazi impela ukusetshenziswa kwemigomo yokuhlela ka- Dickoff nabanye (1968), ekwakheni nokuthuthukisa uhlaka-kuhlaziya lokuqonda ngenhloso yokuchaza i-WE ngokuhambisana nethiyori i-JD-R
Human Resource Management
D. Phil. (Human Resource Management)