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Santhosh, Channappa, und Mungila Halemane Bala Subrahmanya. „The Speed and the Degree of SME Internationalisation in Bangalore: An Analysis of its Determining Factors“. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies 6, Nr. 2 (08.05.2020): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2393957520913762.
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This article presents an empirical inquiry on the drivers that have influenced the speed and the degree of SME internationalisation in Bangalore. The article is based on primary data gathered from 70 internationalised small and medium enterprises (SMEs) belonging to the machinery industry in Bangalore urban district. Our analysis ascertained that the size of the firm and CEOs’ foreign language proficiency are the significant determinants of the speed of SME internationalisation. CEOs’ international experience, motivation, international network and speed of entry positively influenced the degree of SME internationalisation. Thus, the present study lays emphasis on ‘entrepreneurial competence’ and ‘strategic entry’ that determine the speed and degree of internationalisation of SMEs, for appropriate policy attention for promoting SME internationalisation.
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Barłożewski, Krystian, und Piotr Trąpczyński. „Is internationalisation beneficial for novice internationalisers? The performance effects of firm-specific advantages, internationalisation degree and firm size revisited“. Oeconomia Copernicana 12, Nr. 1 (13.04.2021): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2021.003.
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Research background: Research on the performance outcomes of different forms of internationalisation has attracted significant attention due to its theoretical and practical relevance. Still, the related findings have remained conflicting. Scholars have argued that companies need to possess or acquire firm-specific advantages (FSAs) to succeed internationalisation. However, a significant part of International Business (IB) research has treated FSAs as enablers of internationalisation, while some have argued that internationalisation in itself only helps firms translate the possessed resources into performance.
Purpose of the article: The objective of this study, which is based on the resource-based view (RBV), is to explore the moderating effect of internationalisation on the relationship between FSAs and performance, considering internationalisation degree and firm size as boundary conditions for that relationship.
Methods: We carry out statistical analyses on a longitudinal dataset containing 304 novice internationalisers from the post-transition economy of Poland and a total of 1167 firm-year observations. Thereby, we compare SMEs with large firms.
Findings & value added: We find that while FSAs do positively affect firm performance, this relationship becomes weaker for higher levels of internationalisation. However, the negative moderating effect of the internationalisation degree becomes weaker for larger novice internationalisers, which are more able to handle the complexity of managing foreign operations.
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Aerden, Axel, Frederik De Decker, Jindra Divis, Mark Frederiks und Hans de Wit. „Assessing the internationalisation of degree programmes: experiences from a Dutch-Flemish pilot certifying internationalisation“. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 43, Nr. 1 (Januar 2013): 56–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2013.746562.
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Pelzer, Norbert. „Safer nuclear energy through a higher degree of internationalisation?“ Nuclear Law Bulletin 2013, Nr. 1 (20.09.2013): 43–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/nuclear_law-2013-5k40cr1094bp.
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FUAD, MOHAMMAD, und ARUN KUMAR JAIN. „ANTECEDENTS TO INNOVATION IN EMERGING MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM INDIA“. International Journal of Innovation Management 24, Nr. 05 (22.07.2019): 2050042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919620500425.
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Firms utilise both internal and external knowledge reservoirs in order to innovate. This study explores the drivers of innovation specifically, role of business groups, alliances, degree of internationalisation and financial slack on innovation. Hypotheses are tested using patent data on a sample of Indian firms. Group affiliation, financial slack and degree of internationalisation are found to positively impact innovation output. This study contributes towards the nascent literature on innovation in the Indian context.
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Trąpczyński, Piotr. „De-internationalisation“. Baltic Journal of Management 11, Nr. 4 (03.10.2016): 350–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-08-2015-0153.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically diagnose the current body of knowledge on de-internationalisation from the perspective of its various antecedents and implications for firms and to identify key research gaps and formulate recommendations for future research. Design/methodology/approach Contrary to many reviews of international business literature, this paper adopts a deductive approach by applying theory-driven dimensions of internationalisation to extant research so as to identify key developments and research gaps. Findings Among existing studies, attention has been consistently devoted to divestments, reductions of operating modes and foreign market withdrawals, while neglecting other crucial dimensions. Moreover, while financial effects of divestments have been frequently studied, the competitiveness implications of de-internationalisation have widely been neglected. Research limitations/implications Further research should consider de-internationalisation phenomena from the viewpoint of several interrelated aspects, as well as shift attention from studying failure to studying optimisation. More attention should be devoted to changes in the organisation of multinational enterprises in line with a changing degree of internationalisation. Practical implications The review provides a comprehensive synthesis of extant knowledge on the antecedents, forms and outcomes of de-internationalisation, which is of particular interest for decision-makers responsible for international expansion. This topic has been mostly neglected due to the sensitive character of the underlying decisions. The understanding of the determinants and consequences of de-internationalisation processes can contribute to a more conscious management of foreign operations. Originality/value The paper draws on the research paradigm of strategic management research, as well as international business literature, to refine the understanding of de-internationalisation and provide a contribution to this still under-researched area.
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Brida, Juan Gabriel, Oana Madalina Driha, Ana B. Ramón-Rodríguez und Raffaele Scuderi. „Dynamics of internationalisation of the hotel industry: the case of Spain“. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 27, Nr. 5 (13.07.2015): 1024–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-11-2013-0527.
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Purpose – This paper aims provides an empirical analysis of the development of the internationalisation process in the Spanish hotel industry, which has experienced major changes during the past decade. The degree of internationalisation between 2000 and 2010 is used as a proxy variable with the aim of mapping the development of international strategies. Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal dataset measuring the internationalisation of Spanish hotel chains is used. Cluster analysis identifies the different behaviour of groups of firms during the analysed period. Findings – Two different clusters are detected, which can be attributed to different internationalisation strategies over time. Small and medium (SME) hotel companies seem to follow a different path of development than more established multinational companies. Over time, the entire group tends to be more compact, whereas the distance between the clusters is shown to diverge in final years. The groups’ composition suggests that business-networking relationships can be a strategy of particular importance for SMEs pursuing international expansion. Practical implications – This paper develops a better understanding of the changes of the internationalisation patterns of Spanish hotel chains. Findings could address managers in strategic decisions about how to improve competitive position. In particular, they recommend accounting for size, international experience and business network relationships when expanded abroad. Originality/value – This paper introduces a new approach based on studying clusters of Spanish hotels according to their internationalisation strategies over the time. Further analysis revealed the role of business network on internationalisation patterns.
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Mroczek-Dąbrowska, Katarzyna. „Transaction costs and their impact on industry’s internationalisation degree – theoretical framework“. Economics and Business Review 2 (16), Nr. 1 (01.01.2016): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2016.1.1.
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Prockl, Günter, Aseem Kinra und Herbert Kotzab. „Internationalisation within liner shipping“. Maritime Business Review 2, Nr. 3 (15.09.2017): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-10-2016-0029.
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Purpose Container shipping is generally considered a global business. This truth may not hold from a single-company perspective. The companies’ physical operation networks show that container carriers operate differently and follow different paths in their internationalisation development. Additionally, the degree of internationalisation, measured on the basis of sea-oriented operations, differs from that measured according to land-oriented front-end marketing and sales activities. The purpose of this study is to further examine the internationalisation patterns of shipping lines. Design/methodology/approach An examination of the front-end activities and the structures of leading container-shipping companies is conducted. The sales office networks of the sector’s 20 largest companies worldwide (by twenty-foot equivalent unit capacity) are analysed as key indicators. The numbers of sales offices are measured by analysing the websites of the sample (20 companies), as well as annual reports and other publicly available data sources. Findings The findings show that not all shipping companies are international, by virtue of the industry. While it is difficult to observe differences in the overall patterns of the sales networks at a macro level, some companies differ in their activities. The data set also shows that market share and total capacity are not necessarily good indicators of a carrier’s worldwide presence. Research limitations/implications This research is based on secondary data. Other important transactional and market-oriented considerations should be examined before drawing conclusions about the internationalisation of container-shipping companies and of the industry. Originality/value This paper contributes to the relevant existing research, particularly by adding its view on the demand-oriented criteria as suggested by Dunning and Lundan (2008).
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Truong, V. Dao, Nam V. H. Dang, C. Michael Hall und X. Dam Dong. „The internationalisation of social marketing research“. Journal of Social Marketing 5, Nr. 4 (12.10.2015): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-04-2014-0025.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the internationalisation of social marketing research. Since the social marketing concept was introduced, it has captured increased research attention of scholars. This is evidenced by a growing number of peer-reviewed publications and participation in academic conferences. Although the reasons behind the development of social marketing research have been suggested, its nature, significance and diffusion as a concept has not been examined from an international perspective. Design/methodology/approach – A review of the social marketing and related literature was conducted to identify the patterns, drivers and actors of the internationalisation of social marketing research. Findings – Different levels and dimensions of internationalisation were identified but the overall level of diffusion was relatively low. Growth is concentrated in developed countries. There appears to be a substantial gap with respect to the adoption of the concept by researchers based in the less developed countries. Originality/value – This is arguably the first paper to explore the nature and significance of the degree of internationalisation of social marketing research.
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Pineda, Juan Manuel Berbel, Bernardino Quattrociocchi und J. M. Ramirez Hurtado. „Factors affecting the decision and the degree of the internationalisation of franchises“. European J. of International Management 1, Nr. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2020.10021257.
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Lin, Wen-Ting, und Yunshi Liu. „Successor characteristics, organisational slack, and change in the degree of firm internationalisation“. International Business Review 21, Nr. 1 (Februar 2012): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.01.001.
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LIM, JEEN-SU, THOMAS W. SHARKEY und JOHN H. HEINRICHS. „NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES AND EXPORT INVOLVEMENT: AN INITIAL INQUIRY“. International Journal of Innovation Management 07, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2003): 475–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s136391960300088x.
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This study is an exploratory investigation into the role of new product development practices in the internationalisation process. Specifically, the relationship among five identified new product development practices and three export involvement stages is explored.The analysis of survey data obtained from a national sample of U.S. manufacturing firms provide support for the contention that certain new product development capabilities must exist at all stages of the internationalisation process. The results further support the argument that a subset of new product development capabilities must exist for the firm to pursue strategies that will result in a higher degree of export involvement.
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Jack, Robert, Sharif As-Saber und Ron Edwards. „Service embeddedness and its role in a firm’s internationalisation process“. International Journal of Operations & Production Management 35, Nr. 3 (02.03.2015): 346–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-05-2010-0121.
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Purpose – Perceived differences in the composition of goods and services forms the basis of a significant degree of analysis of the firm internationalisation process. In particular, product inseparability is highlighted as a distinguishing feature of service offerings and purports to explain the different approaches to internationalisation strategy adopted by service firms. The research, however, proposes that the division of goods and services into distinct products is outmoded. Rather, it is important to understand the extent of service components that embody, or are embedded in, a product offering. The authors argue that this “service embeddedness” influences the process by which a firm internationalises. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Based on ten case studies of Australian international firms, this paper examines the impact of service embeddedness on a firm’s internationalisation process. Findings – The research underlines that firms approach internationalisation with a view of ensuring that the various activities that combine to form their product offering are available to their international clients. Research limitations/implications – From an academic perspective, a dichotomous approach to products (good or service) underestimates the role that embedded services have on a firm’s internationalisation process. The research, therefore, has implications for researchers and practitioners as it highlights the importance of delivering products internationally that comprise of both good and embedded service components. Originality/value – The research develops a deeper understanding of the extent and nature of separability within individual product categories from international production and operations perspectives.
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Ishikura, Yukiko. „International learning experiences at home in Japan: The challenges and benefits of taking English-medium courses for Japanese students“. Learning and Teaching 9, Nr. 3 (01.12.2016): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2016.090304.
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English-medium degree programmes are one of the trends within the internationalisation of higher education in Japan. The recent university internationalisation project, Project for Establishing University Network for Internationalization, or Global 30 is a good example. English-medium degree programmes attract a larger and more diverse international student population to study in Japan and create an on-campus international learning environment for both local and international students. This article aims to shed light on what attracts Japanese students to such an on-campus international learning experience and the kinds of challenges they face in taking English-medium courses. The results of my research show that English as a medium of instruction is a good tool to attract Japanese students, but the quality and relevance of what is being delivered are also significant. Japanese students are willing to challenge themselves in a different learning environment, but they tend to do so without seeking support, which in turn limits their learning.
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WYER, PETER, GRAHAME BOOCOCK und IBRAHIM ABDUL-HAMID. „THE INTERNATIONALISATION OF SMALL-AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES: TOWARDS AN ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK“. Journal of Enterprising Culture 06, Nr. 03 (September 1998): 283–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495898000163.
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The business world today is characterised by a high degree of globalisation and internationalisation - a phenomena which affect all firms irrespective of size. After a summary of current learning theories, and the representation of an SME as a 'potentially unique problem type', the paper offers a critique of previous studies on internationalisation. A research methodology of 'bootstrapping' is utilised to develop a framework for explaining how SMEs in Malaysia identify, then tackle, opportunities and threats in the international arena. A broad analytical framework is developed, combining partial frameworks of insight from the literature in a range of academic disciplines (SMEs, strategic management, internationalisation and learning theory) with insights from key informants in current empirical work. The value chain is an essential component of the overall framework, underpinned by an organisational learning perspective. Our initial findings are only tentative. We do not present a 'model' of good business practice, rather a conceptual framework to examine how SMEs learn to develop in an international sense. This framework is helpful in explaining the development of firms encountered in our empirical research.
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Zagvyazinskiy, V. I., L. M. Volosnikova, E. A. Kukuyev und I. V. Patrusheva. „Academic Mobility in Teacher Education“. Education and science journal 22, Nr. 6 (12.08.2020): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2020-6-31-48.
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Introduction. Nowadays, it is hard to consider higher education of the 21st century without the global context. The increasing globalisation opens up many opportunities for higher education development, while becoming a challenge to national systems for the training of qualified professionals, including teachers. Thus, the internationalisation of teacher education is currently becoming one of the global trends.The aim of the present research was to investigate the state of involvement of future Russian educators in the processes of academic mobility.Methodology and research methods. The research is based on the theory of internationalisation of education in the conditions of increasing globalisation. In the course of the research, the authors used a mixed toolkit: analysis and generalisation of academic publications, statistical data (the Eurostat working papers and OECD’s reports) and sociological survey. 1714 students of the universities of Siberia took part in the sociological survey.Results and scientific novelty. The analytical reviews of literature revealed the shortage of academic publications on the problems of internationalisation of pedagogical education and the lack of statistics in the Russian Federation on the academic mobility of future teachers. Based on the results of theoretical analysis, the levels of study of academic migration of students of pedagogical specialties were determined – geopolitical, organisational and personally-oriented. A questionnaire has been developed to ascertain the degree of academic mobility of students. This questionnaire includes scanning the portfolio of respondents, finding out their status and motivation to participate in the internationalisation process and academic exchange programmes. The analysis of the results demonstrates the low level of involvement of students of Siberian universities in the academic mobility programmes against the background of their high degree of readiness to study at other universities, including universities abroad. The reasons for non-involvement are identified.Practical significance. The recommendations for changing the critical situation are proposed. It is highlighted that academic mobility should take an important place in both the curriculum of Russian universalities and the individual educational routes. It is necessary to support academic mobility and form a new teacher’s professional identity in the global context.
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Grimstad, Siv Marina Flø, Richard Glavee-Geo und Barbro Elisabeth Fjørtoft. „SMEs motivations for CSR: an exploratory study“. European Business Review 32, Nr. 4 (27.03.2020): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-01-2019-0014.
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Purpose The paper aims to investigate the relationship between firms’ motivation for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the moderating role of internationalisation. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed and tested a conceptual model based on a survey of 65 respondents from the Møre and Romsdal (M&R) maritime cluster. The M&R maritime cluster despite being national has strong interconnections to the global maritime industry and as such, presents a suitable context for testing our research model. Findings The findings show that firms’ intrinsic motivation drives CSR more than extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is understood as a firm engaging in CSR because it is the right thing to do and done out of one’s free will without compulsion or coercion. Extrinsic motivation relates to an action that is performed to achieve a separate outcome. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are found to be related and not mutually exclusive. The impact of intrinsic motivation on CSR was found to be contingent on the extent of the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Originality/value The key contribution of the study is the modelling of firms’ motivation for CSR activities and the contingent effect of internationalisation. In as much as companies perceive CSR activities as the right thing to do, the motive to do so also depends on the business case/profit motive. The study shows that SMEs’ intrinsic motivation is the driving force in CSR implementation and suggests that the urge by firms to give back to society is strengthened under conditions of high economic incentives and the firms’ degree of internationalisation.
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Lin, Wen Ting, und Yunshi Liu. „The impact of CEO succession on top management teams and the degree of firm internationalisation“. European J. of International Management 5, Nr. 3 (2011): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2011.039941.
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Claver, Enrique, Laura Rienda und Diego Quer. „The Internationalisation Process in Family Firms: Choice of Market Entry Strategies“. Journal of General Management 33, Nr. 1 (September 2007): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030630700703300101.
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One of the most important issues in the study of the internationalisation process is the choice of market entry strategy, which can be linked to the degree of international commitment. We have chosen to address this aspect in this paper by undertaking case studies of family firms, located in the province of Alicante (Spain), that belong to the most internationalised sectors in the region. The results obtained show that this group of firms follow the propositions laid down by the Uppsala model and that the age, size and generation of the family firm significantly influence the establishment of international, strategic alliances.
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Saee, John. „INTERNATIONALISATION STRATEGY FOR EDUCATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY“. Journal of Business Economics and Management 5, Nr. 2 (30.06.2004): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2004.9636071.
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There has been a sea change in the world economy with perceived far‐reaching consequences on all aspects of human civilization. This dramatic transformation is largely precipitated by the phenomenon of globalization. Baylis and Smith (1997) put forward the notion that globalization has accelerated the process of increasing interconnectedness between societies so much that events in one part of the world have more and more effect on peoples and societies far away. A globalized world, they argue, is one in which political, economic, cultural, and social events become more and more interconnected, and also one in which they have a wider impact. It is a truism to state that globalization means different things to different people. For some, the term is entirely benign; it portrays a process that accelerates economic prosperity for the nations engaged in globalization. However, for others globalization is a plot by multinational companies, which want to exploit third‐world countries’ resources in terms of cheap labor and raw materials. At the same time, these multinational companies undermine national sovereignty of the third‐world countries due to their enormous economic and political powers (Saee, 2004). In this research paper, an attempt is made to critically explore the drivers and the rationale behind the globalization that has also led educational institutions in most countries around the world to develop internationalization strategies for launching their degree offerings internationally. However, the focus of this research paper is on internationalization strategies by the Australian educational institutions that have important lessons for educational institutions of other countries interested in gaining an insight into internationalization strategies of Australian educational institutions.
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Cunningham, Stuart, und Alexa Scarlata. „New forms of internationalisation? The impact of Netflix in Australia“. Media International Australia 177, Nr. 1 (17.07.2020): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x20941173.
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This article examines the impact of multinational subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services in Australia, noting the degree to which a stalled policy response to the challenge of unregulated SVOD services has been shaken up by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We look at the phenomenon from a screen-ecological perspective – where dynamics of consumption, reviewing, production and regulation are interdependently and often contradictorily in play. We examine how these diverse, sometimes conflicted, perspectives can be approached as responding to new forms of internationalisation presented principally by the operations of Netflix in Australia (Amazon Prime Video, Disney+ and Apple TV+ are also mentioned when relevant). This article is part of a larger project (ARC Discovery DP190100978 Internet-Distributed Television: Cultural, Industrial and Policy Dynamics, chief investigators Ramon Lobato, Amanda Lotz, Stuart Cunningham) studying the cultural, industrial and policy dynamics of multinational SVOD globally and in situ locally.
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Hu, Yiyun, und Lijun Fan. „Internationalisation of Higher Education: Building South-South Partnerships between China and Mexico“. International Journal of Chinese Education 9, Nr. 2 (16.12.2020): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340125.
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Abstract As an important emerging economy, Mexico is significant to China for promoting world multipolarisation as well as an important partner in jointly building a community of shared future for mankind. Educational exchanges and co-operation are an indispensable part of friendly transactions between China and Mexico. Both countries have made many advancements in the fields of personnel turnover, the establishment of overseas co-operation centres, language promotion, and vocational and technical training. Both China and Mexico regard the other as an important education partner. In future co-operation, the two countries should continue to promote vocational education, improve the degree system, and pay attention to hidden safety issues.
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Lim, Choon Boey, Duncan Bentley, Fiona Henderson, Shin Yin Pan, Vimala Devi Balakrishnan, Dharshini M. Balasingam und Ya Yee Teh. „Equivalent or not?“ Quality Assurance in Education 24, Nr. 4 (05.09.2016): 528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qae-01-2016-0001.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine issues academics at importing institutions face while delivering Australian degrees in Malaysia. Transnational higher education (TNE) has been widely researched. However, less widely researched is the area of understanding what academics at the offshore locations need to uphold the required academic standards of their partnered exporting universities. This area warrants close attention if Australian and other transnational education universities are to sustain their growth through a partnership model with offshore academics delivering a portion (often a substantial portion) of the teaching. Design/methodology/approach Two focus groups were conducted with a mix of long standing and newly recruited Malaysian lecturers who taught into an Australian degree through a partnership arrangement. The semi-structured questions which were used were derived from a preliminary literature review and previous internal institutional reports. Findings The findings from the focus groups indicate that TNE is largely “Australian-centric” when addressing the standard of academic quality and integrity. The findings pointed not so much to any sustained internationalisation of curriculum or administration or personnel but more as internationalisation as deemed required by the local academic. Originality/value To a greater extent, the findings highlighted that equivalent student outcomes do not necessarily equate to equivalent learning experiences or teaching workload. In fact, the frustration of the interviewees on the tension to fulfil the home institution curriculum and helping students to “comprehend” an Australian-centric curriculum translates to “additional and unrecognised workload” for the interviewees.
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Claver, Enrique, und Diego Quer. „Choice of market entry mode in China: the influence of firm-specific factors“. Journal of General Management 30, Nr. 3 (März 2005): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030630700503000304.
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One of the issues attracting wider attention within research into corporate internationalisation is the choice of mode of entry into a foreign country. At present, China is one of the destinations which is acquiring greater importance in the international expansion of firms from various countries around the world. In this context, by combining the traditional theory on foreign direct investment with the resource-based view of the firm, this paper will analyse the influence of various tangible and intangible corporate factors on the degree of commitment towards direct investment in China.
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Scalera, Francesco. „The Balkan Area Development: Threats and Opportunities for Italian Companies’ Investment Strategies“. International Journal of Business and Management 11, Nr. 10 (18.09.2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n10p37.
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<p>The globalisation of markets has called for, among others, two complementary requirements: on the one hand, the need to develop policies that are able to attract FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) by a number of transition economies, in order to boost the economic growth of the countries concerned and reduce the technological and socio-economic gap that separates them from the industrialised economies; on the other, the priority choice for companies to promote internationalisation, that is now considered as a necessary step to safeguard their competitiveness.</p><p>In particular, the analysis carried out starts with the evolution of the Balkan market, by collecting and describing the macroeconomic data concerning the four Western Balkans countries (Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia), representing those economies that are likely to join the EU in the coming years following the process started (official candidacy or accession negotiations).</p><p>Thus, the first part of the present paper aims at describing and analysing the operational and strategic behaviour of Italian companies, as well as their process of internationalisation in the abovementioned economies.</p><p>The analysis was carried out through submitting a questionnaire to managers and employees of companies operating in the Balkans; the results highlighted the main areas of the companies’ international management decision-making process (internationalisation decision, operating methods adopted and the results achieved).</p>Afterwards, the second part of the research sets the focus on the attractiveness degree reached in the area, following the reforms made by local governments that helped in improving the business climate, leading many Italian investors to operate in that area.
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Majocchi, Antonio, Luciana Dalla Valle und Alfredo D’angelo. „INTERNATIONALISATION, CULTURAL DISTANCE AND COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS: A BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF SMES FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE“. Journal of Business Economics and Management 16, Nr. 2 (08.07.2013): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.720600.
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Relying on the accounting data of a panel of 403 Italian manufacturing SMEs collected over a period of 5 years, we find results suggesting that multinationality per se does not impact on the economic performance of international small and medium sized firms. It is the characteristics of the country selected, i.e. the political hazard, the financial stability and the economic performance, that significantly influence SMEs financial performance. The management implication for small and medium sized firms selecting and entering new geographic markets is significant, since our results show that for SMEs it is the market selection process that really matters and not the degree of multinationality.
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Stewart, David B. „Domestic competitive strategy and export marketing strategy: The impact of fit on the degree of internationalisation of SMEs“. Journal of Marketing Management 13, Nr. 1-3 (April 1997): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.1997.9964461.
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Earls, Clive W. „Setting the Catherine wheel in motion“. Language Problems and Language Planning 37, Nr. 2 (06.09.2013): 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.37.2.02ear.
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In today’s world, internationalisation is the key to survival for higher education institutions (HEIs). Many argue that English has become the most used language worldwide, the international language of wider communication in a variety of domains ranging from the professional to everyday life. Consequently, non-English speaking countries have entered into a process of introducing English-medium higher education as a means of overcoming any competitive disadvantage associated with their particular linguistic situation. As a result, an ideology has emerged amongst HEIs in non-English-speaking countries that internationalisation is synonymous with the introduction of English-medium degree programmes. This development has implications for the position of national languages in their higher education systems, and consequently as international languages of communication. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate the extent to which the adoption of such language-in-education reforms may potentially act as an impetus to a wider language shift in the countries comprising Kachru’s “expanding circle.” This paper explores the current process of “Englishization” within the German higher education system. By means of Strubell’s “Catherine Wheel” conceptual model, a potential language shift from German to English is postulated and its ramifications for German’s status and role as an international language are discussed.
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Duffield, Lee. „Student reporting abroad: An international programme called Journalism Reporting Field Trips“. Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 14, Nr. 2 (01.09.2008): 102–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v14i2.947.
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A programme organised by the author for journalism students to do practical work overseas has seen small groups engaged in intercultural learning and working as foreign correspondents for campus-based media outlets. Since 2000, 60 students have joined nine tours of 10–20 days in nine countries of Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. They obtain credit for a full elective subject, e.g. an individual study unit, and may negotiate additional credits.
This investigation concludes that such programmes can occcupy a valuable place in core curricula; relate to increasing demand for 'real world' learning and internationalisation, and can be integrated into degree structures without undue stain on resources.
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TANEV, STOYAN, ERIK STAVNSAGER RASMUSSEN, ERIK ZIJDEMANS, ROY LEMMINGER und LARS LIMKILDE SVENDSEN. „LEAN AND GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY START-UPS: LINKING THE TWO RESEARCH STREAMS“. International Journal of Innovation Management 19, Nr. 03 (27.05.2015): 1540008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919615400083.
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In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of the lean global start-up (LGS) as a way of emphasising the problems for new technology start-ups when dealing separately with business development, innovation and early internationalisation. The paper has two components — an introductory conceptual part and an empirical part that should be considered as basis for the preliminary validation of the conceptual insights. The research sample includes six firms — three from Canada and three from Denmark. Two different early internationalisation paths have been identified: Lean-to-global (L2G start-ups) and lean-and-global (L&G start-ups). Both types of start-ups were found to have faced significant problems with the complexity, uncertainties and risks of being innovative on a global scale. They have however found ways of addressing these problems by a disciplined knowledge sharing and IP protection strategy and the efficient use of business and supporting and public funding mechanisms. The Danish firms have pivoted around the ways of delivering their value proposition and not around the specific value propositions themselves. The Canadian firms have actively pivoted their value proposition motivated by the degree of innovativeness of their products and the insights from business supporting organisations. The analysis of the results justifies the introduction of the LGS concept and opens the opportunity for future research focusing on the articulation of more practical LGS entrepreneurial frameworks.
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Wollmann, Hellmut. „Local Government Systems: From Historic Divergence towards Convergence? Great Britain, France, and Germany as Comparative Cases in Point“. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 18, Nr. 1 (Februar 2000): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c9867.
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The author aims at a comparative analysis of the development of local government systems in Britain, France, and Germany. First, he makes the point that, during the historical evolution of the local government systems of the three countries over the last century, their institutional profiles have exhibited an almost classical divergence. Against this historical background the author pursues answers to the questions of whether, to what degree, and why the local government systems of the three countries have, in their more recent development, shown institutional convergence. Among the factors possibly fostering such convergence, the following are highlighted in the paper: the internationalisation (‘globalisation’) of socioeconomic and political challenges and institutional responses to them.
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Mullen, Cormac, und Jenny Berrill. „Minoritynationals“. Multinational Business Review 23, Nr. 4 (16.11.2015): 277–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-04-2015-0014.
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Purpose – This paper aims to conduct a longitudinal analysis of the patterns of internationalisation of multinational corporations and provide a measure of their degree of globalisation at the firm-level. There is much debate in the literature on the regional nature of the globalisation of multinational corporations (Rugman and Oh, 2013). Design/methodology/approach – The authors use firm-level sales data to analyse the location of sales and patterns of globalisation of 1,276 companies across ten countries and ten industries from 1998-2012. Findings – The results show that while international sales are rising and the proportion of home region-oriented firms is falling, the majority of sales of the companies in our data set continues to be in the Triad, with little growth in non-Triad regions. The authors find one common theme for the majority of countries, an increase in sales to Asia yet concentrated in just four industries, financials, basic materials, oil and gas and technology. Despite an increase in the percentage of host-region, bi-regional and global companies, 62.6 per cent of the firms have not changed multinational classification over the 15-year period, 43.1 per cent have not expanded out of their home region and 16.4 per cent have not expanded out of their home market. The authors find some evidence of liabilities of interregional foreignness at the industry and country level. The authors show regional sales are moving towards matching global economic activity for the 50 most globalised firms in our study but less so for the other firms in our sample. Overall, the results show that the majority of the growth in internationalisation comes from a small minority of firms. Originality/value – The authors make several advances across the literature on internationalisation, including a more in-depth longitudinal analysis of firm-level multinationality than exists to date and a novel method of measuring firm-level globalisation.
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Et.al, Abdulmohsin Abdulla M. Alyafei. „The Impact of International Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Performance of SMEs in Qatar: The Mediating Role of Degree of Internationalization“. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, Nr. 3 (10.04.2021): 2939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1325.
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The main purpose of the current study is to investigate the impact of the impact of international Entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of SMEs in QATAR. Additionally, the study has investigated the mediating role of the degree of internationalisation in the relationship between the international Entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of SMEs in Qatar. The present study used stratified sampling technique. The study used Smart PLS-SEM, which is Smart Partial Least Square Structural EquationModeling (SEM) 3.2.6 version. EO has been indicated to improve organisational competitiveness which leads to value creation and eventually improved organisational performance. The findings indicate that the growth performance of SMEs depends on the ability of an entrepreneur to allocate the strategic limited resources and adapt to changes by setting up proper firm orientation. Successful processes will only be achievable if sufficiently skilled and motivated employees are equipped with precise and current information. The findings of this study have presented important managerial implication and contribution to studies on entrepreneurial orientation of SME firms in Qatar.
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Lauridsen, Karen M., Stacey M. Cozart, Ole Lauridsen und Annika Bücherts Lindberg. „Adjunktpædagogikum med en international dimension“. Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift 11, Nr. 21 (03.10.2016): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dut.v11i21.23209.
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Denne artikel diskuterer udviklingen af adjunktpædagogikum inden for rammerne af AU’s internationaliseringsstrategi 2014 hvori det forudses at uddannelsernes indhold skal have en international dimension, og at der skal tages højde for de studerendes sproglige og kulturelle forskellighed i undervisningen. Det nuværende adjunktpædagogikum i to spor – et dansk og et engelsk – beskrives og diskuteres. På baggrund heraf fremlægges og diskuteres et forslag til et alternativ der i højere grad kunne tage højde for internationaliseringsstrategiens intentioner og fremme samarbejde mellem adjunkterne på tværs af deres sproglige og kulturelle forskelligheder. På denne måde ville adjunktpædagogikum i højere grad afspejle de vilkår som gælder for universitetets uddannelser i det hele taget, og styrke inklusionen af alle adjunkter på universitetet.
This article discusses the development of the teacher training programme for assistant professors within the framework of Aarhus University’s Internationalisation Strategy 2014. This strategy outlines the need for the curricula to have an international dimension, and for delivery to take into account the students’ linguistic and cultural differences. At present the English and Danish tracks are treated separately in the teacher training programme, but this article proposes an alternative model that could take into consideration the intentions of the internationalisation strategy to a much higher degree and promote collaboration among the assistant professors across linguistic and cultural differences. In this way, the teacher training programme would be able to reflect the conditions that determine the study programmes offered by the university and strengthen the inclusion of all assistant professors at the university.
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Schriewer, Jürgen. „Globalisation in Education: Process and Discourse“. Policy Futures in Education 1, Nr. 2 (Juni 2003): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2003.1.2.6.
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The article draws on comparative analyses meant to investigate both the degree and the dimensions of the ‘internationalisation’ of educational knowledge in societies that differ considerably in terms of civilisational background and modernisation path. In so doing, the article seeks to put forward two essential ideas. These refer, first, to the importance that educational discourse plays in shaping the educational reality of the present-day world. In this sense, in educational research as in social science in general, the (increasingly numerous) analyses of the socio-economic processes bringing about world society have to be complemented by (hitherto under-represented) research into the semantic construction of world society. Secondly, taking the above analyses and their conceptual design as an example, the article is meant to underscore the theory-dependency of our observations on, and of the resultant knowledge of, phenomena and processes of globalisation.
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Beeson, Mark. „Bilateral Economic Relations in a Global Political Economy: Australia and Japan“. Competition & Change 2, Nr. 2 (Juni 1997): 137–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102452949700200201.
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This paper argues that despite the internationalisation of economic activity, and a concomitant diminution of economic policy-making autonomy, national policy settings continue to display a surprising degree of divergence and remain important determinants of economic outcomes. Similarly, there are distinctively different and enduring patterns of corporate organisation across nations which confer specific competitive advantages. Important theoretical and practical questions are raised, therefore, about the potential efficacy of national economic policies and their capacity to accommodate such divergent practices. This paper examines the bilateral relationship between Australia and Japan, and assesses the effectiveness of Australia's predominantly neoliberal economic policy framework in the light of such national and organisational variation. It will be suggested that Australian policy-makers' faith in market mechanisms caused them to underestimate the significance of Japanese commercial practices and regional production strategies, rendering attempts to transform the relationship largely unsuccessful.
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Le Heron, R. „The Internationalisation of New Zealand Forestry Companies and the Social Reappraisal of New Zealand's Exotic Forest Resource“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 20, Nr. 4 (April 1988): 489–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a200489.
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Industrial geographers are beginning to address country-specific changes in the wider setting of restructuring in the world economy. Developments in the New Zealand forestry sector are conceptualised as historically specific responses to structural processes, operating at global, national, and local scales. In this paper the changing state—economy relations associated with afforestation of exotic softwoods in New Zealand are examined, and forest utilisation issues are outlined. The emerging possibilities for the coordination of forestry production in New Zealand are also identified. Evidence is presented on the nature and degree of integration of ‘New Zealand’ private and state capital into the wood-fibre markets of the Pacific Rim. It is concluded that unprecedented restructuring in the 1980s by organisations, both private and public, engaged in New Zealand's forestry production has made the realisation of forest assets in New Zealand difficult, with significant implications for owners of forests and for labour dependent on various facets of exotic forestry.
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Gorynia, Marian, Barbara Jankowska, Katarzyna Mroczek-Dąbrowska, Piotr Trąpczyński und Marlena Dzikowska. „The Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on the Performance of Industries and Firms in Poland. Does Internationalisation Matter?“ Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 4, Nr. 336 (04.09.2018): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.336.02.
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The global economic crisis has significantly altered the landscape of contemporary business markets worldwide. This article aims to verify how severely the economic crisis affected Polish industries and changed the competitive position of Polish companies. The authors put forward a research proposition which states that companies open to foreign cooperation (both exports and imports) were more likely to suffer from economic disturbances than companies that were domestically focused. The outcomes of the study are twofold. First, 24 manufacturing industries were ranked to check which of them suffered the most and the least as the result of the economic crisis. Secondly, using the CATI method 701 companies operating in the above‑mentioned industries were surveyed. The analysis details how the competitive position of these companies was shaped depending on their degree of internationalisation. The obtained results were afterwards compared with a previously conducted literature review, and the article attempts to present the impact of the global economic crisis on both industries (mesoeconomic perspective) and individual companies (microeconomic perspective).
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Lopukhova, Yulia, Elena Makeeva und Kseniya Kuzovenkova. „INTERNALIZATION OF TEACHER EDUCATION AS A PART OF A UNIVERSITY INTERNALIZATION STRATEGY“. SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (20.05.2020): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol1.4986.
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The internationalization of University teacher education is very important today since teachers have to prepare students for living and working in the new global world. To prepare students for the globalization of the society, university teachers should have the opportunity to gain international experience – from traditional studies and internships to summer schools and degree theses abroad, blended learning formats, buddy programmes, international field trips to preparing English-language degree programmes together with international colleagues. In this paper the authors describe the IDUTE programme (International Dimension of University Teacher Education) designed to enhance the international dimensions of various components of University teacher education programmes, to transform courses in order to facilitate change and improvement in reaching the internationalization goals of their work and to help provide University teachers with greater global competence. This paper details the nature and specifics of the IDUTE programme and provides details of the programme’s outcomes and results. The authors have done extensive research to determine both the existing international content and programme practices for University teacher education and perceived needs for improvement. The IDUTE programme promotes internationalisation among technical teachers and students and expands intercultural competence into their studies and career through creation and development of separate 16/36/72-hour modules on international activities of University Teachers.
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Cantini, Daniele. „Reforming universities in the Middle East“. Learning and Teaching 12, Nr. 1 (01.06.2019): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2019.120105.
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This article addresses the core-periphery nexus by looking at some of the reform packages proposed in the 2000s in these two pivotal countries in the Middle East, Egypt and Jordan, as well as the resistances they generated. These reform packages include internationalisation and privatisation policies, as well as World Bank–sponsored programmes intended to enhance the higher education sector. These programmes are marked by a high degree of isomorphism with global trends: they belong to an unquestioned centre, with peripheries as receiving points of policies elaborated elsewhere. In this article, I examine some of the resistances they were met with in Egypt and Jordan and show how their translations were shaped by the logics of the local contexts so that they were rarely implemented. Looking at post–Arab Spring developments, the article reflects on the continuity of reform packages amidst political turmoil, and the ways in which these reforms are altering or reinforcing processes of peripheralisation.
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Altuzarra, Amaia. „Convergence in R&D intensity across European countries: A fractional integration approach“. Acta Oeconomica 66, Nr. 2 (Juni 2016): 351–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2016.66.2.8.
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In this paper, the convergence in R&D expenditure across 21 European Union countries is examined by applying fractional integration analysis. Data are annual and cover the period 1990–2010. Results show that there is certain degree of convergence in R&D intensity. However, the speed of the convergence varies across countries. For most of the countries, the speed of convergence is higher in the R&D expenditures of governments than in the R&D expenditures of higher education institutions and businesses. Differences in the speed of convergence could be explained by differences in industry structures, in cultural trajectories, in macroeconomic conditions, or in internationalisation. The more dissimilar countries are in terms of these factors the more likely they are to have divergent paths. Furthermore, differences in R&D convergence by institutional sectors could be due to the different goals of each sector and to the relative weight of each sector in the entire economy.
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HITCHEN, EMMA L., PETRA A. NYLUND und ERIC VIARDOT. „THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OPEN INNOVATION: DO SIZE AND PERFORMANCE OF OPEN INNOVATION GROUPS MATTER?“ International Journal of Innovation Management 21, Nr. 03 (24.03.2017): 1750025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617500256.
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Innovation is accelerated by heterogeneous knowledge, which is obtained in open innovation. We investigate whether there are limits to the beneficial degree of openness. Conceiving innovator group size as a trade-off between knowledge heterogeneity and coordination costs for innovating groups, we theorise about the impact of group size on innovative performance. We hypothesise that openness and internationalisation positively moderate this relationship, but that the positive effects are limited by the trade-off between knowledge heterogeneity and coordination costs. Through an empirical investigation using a large set of international patent data, we find support for our conceptual development and are able to conclude how many individuals those groups contain that generate the most innovative performance. Groups of three inventors have the most positive impact, and groups of two to eight inventors also generate positive effects. Science-based industries however allow for bigger groups than other industries, and supplier-dominated industries have smaller beneficial group sizes.
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Manning, Keenan Daniel. „Textual analysis of university mission statements in East Asian world-class universities“. Higher Education Evaluation and Development 15, Nr. 1 (02.02.2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heed-09-2020-0033.
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PurposeThe management of higher education institutions (HEIs) is undergoing a period of rapid development around the world and particularly in Asia. Competing forces of neoliberal decentralisation, increased government oversight, internationalisation and regionalism are creating difficulties for managers and stakeholders alike. This paper aims to look at the ways in which universities have institutionalised their strategies for coping with these forces, in the form of their mission statements (MSs), particularly within an East Asian context.Design/methodology/approachSeveral major international university ranking tables were used to compile a list of “world class” institutions in East Asia. Those with available MSs in English were examined for reference to factors existing within the literature, as well as those which were not previously identified.FindingsEast Asian universities placed a high degree of emphasis on aspects related to university management, as well as social, cultural and historical foci. Far less emphasis was placed on aspects such as engagement of stakeholders and inclusion.Originality/valueThe paper draws on previous research from other regions and attempts to provide some insights into the particularities of higher education in East Asia from a management perspective.
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Coudounaris, Dafnis N. „The internationalisation process of UK SMEs: exporting and non-exporting behaviours based on a four forces behavioural model“. Review of International Business and Strategy 31, Nr. 2 (15.01.2021): 217–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-06-2019-0075.
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Purpose This study aims to develop a new internationalisation model to describe the exporting and non-exporting behaviours of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and then applying it to a sample of UK SMEs. The conceptual model consists of four forces leading to a successful business. Design/methodology/approach The sample is a stratified one taken from KOMPASS directory and focussing on the Greater Manchester area. In total, 250 firms were chosen to be the population of this survey. In total, 110 surveys were received by email i.e. 24 non-exporters and 86 exporters that were fully completed. Findings The four forces of the model include the non-exporting activity, the activity before and after the first export order, differences and similarities between non-exporters and exporters and the regular exporting activity. This model’s findings demonstrate important empirical determinants related to four forces, which, in turn, shape the successful exporting activity. Originality/value The empirical evidence from the study suggests that the major differences between non-exporters and exporters, which include the differences in management perceptions towards exporting, and the differences and similarities of firm and management characteristics, explain only to some degree what constitutes successful exporting behaviour. The model is considered useful for smaller businesses located in the UK. The study highlights the importance of firms before and after the first export order, which provides insights for managers of firms about going through with the first export order rather than withdrawing from this effort. The study reveals the motivations for exporting, the timing, the modes through which firms export, firms’ management characteristics and attitudinal differences between exporters and non-exporters, which are essential for practitioners.
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Sarrico, Cláudia S., und Margarida M. Pinheiro. „The characteristics of Portuguese management academics and their fit with teaching accreditation standards“. Management Decision 53, Nr. 3 (20.04.2015): 533–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2013-0524.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the quality and accreditation of management education by examining the fit between the characteristics of current management academics in Portugal and recognised accreditation standards. For purposes of comparison, the authors use both general Portuguese teaching accreditation standards and specific international standards for management education. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyse indicators of staff career positioning, tenure status, full time vs part-time, age, degree qualifications, field of training, level of academic inbreeding, internationalisation, research activity, professional activity, and the number of hours taught per week. The authors also examine the relationship between them, in light of accreditation standards, for all academic staff teaching in management degrees submitted for compulsory accreditation by the Portuguese accreditation agency. Findings – The reality found in this study shows gaps between the actual attributes of management academics and what can be considered appropriate attributes, according to the general consensus found in the literature and which is duly mirrored in common “qualified faculties” accreditation standards by Portuguese and international standards (AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS). Research limitations/implications – The findings relate to the Portuguese situation and the analysis developed should be extended to other contexts. Also, while the data, which were collected through a census, has a wide national scope, it only covers one academic year. Practical implications – This work has policy setting implications for degree accreditation and for developing capacity during the transitional periods when universities implement the mandatory minimum standards. It can also help universities to benchmark themselves against their peers as a diagnostic tool for elaborating improvement plans. Social implications – The massification of higher education has led to legitimate concerns about the quality of the services provided, and consequently accreditation procedures were devised to restore trust. However, policy makers must be aware of the impacts of their actions, namely the effects of degree accreditation, as their goals need to be achieved with the minimum negative impact on academic work. Originality/value – The authors work sheds light on the characteristics of those who teach management and how they align with the current accreditation policies that affect academia globally and, in the process, presents empirical evidence from Portugal, which is at a relatively early stage in the accreditation process.
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Teichler, Ulrich. „Academic Mobility and Migration: What We Know and What We Do Not Know“. European Review 23, S1 (02.04.2015): S6—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798714000787.
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Although internationalisation of the scientific world is a key issue in public attention and policy, the actual information base on migration and mobility of ‘teachers in higher education’, ‘scholars’, ‘academics’ or ‘researchers’ has remained weak. Most available statistics focus on ‘foreign’ students or ‘foreign’ scholars rather than persons mobile for purposes of learning and academic/research work, and provide information only on a single moment rather than on the life course of moving between countries. In recent years, some surveys of the ‘academic profession’ and ‘researchers’ have been undertaken primarily in economically advanced countries or especially in European countries that provide an overview on various modes, e.g. migration prior study, short-term student mobility and mobility for the whole degree programme, mobility in the phase of doctoral education and training, professional mobility in various stages of the professional career and finally shorter visits linked to academic and research work. All available information suggests that substantial differences exist by country and that no signs of convergence are visible. Moreover, surveys confirm that international experience is a frequently valuable asset of academic research careers but often is viewed as less beneficial than conventional wisdom suggests.
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Müller, Julian. „Poulantzas lesen. Zur Aktualität marxistischer Staatstheorie“. Historical Materialism 17, Nr. 4 (2009): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146544609x12537556703476.
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AbstractThis review discusses a collection of papers on Nicos Poulantzas's contribution to Marxist state-theory and socialist strategy. Chapters are grouped into three subject-areas: theory and method; globalisation; political strategy. Particular attention is paid to Poulantzas's definition of the state and methodology for investigating concrete state-forms. Poulantzas gives primacy to the balance of forces between classes, which raises two questions: Should his approach be integrated with theories which emphasise the formal aspects of the capitalist state? Can power-relations other than those between classes be integrated into a Poulantzian framework? Poulantzas's work is also relevant to the study of globalisation and supranational actors. First, his investigations of the internationalisation of capital and different fractions of the bourgeoisie help us analyse developments since the 1970s. Second, his theory of the state and its functions provide a benchmark for assessing to which degree national states have been superseded by inter-/supranational institutions such as the EU. Regarding political strategy, the focus is on the path towards democratic socialism. Questions raised concern primarily the right mixture of struggles inside and outside the institutions of parliamentary democracy.
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Fisher, Karen R., Xiaoyi Zhang und Max Alston. „Shanghai aged care and Confucian welfare“. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, Nr. 9/10 (10.09.2018): 722–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2018-0003.
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Purpose Some social policy theorists assert that East Asia has a distinct social welfare regime that due to the influence of Confucian values relies on families more than in other countries. This theorisation has been questioned, partly because it is a static, reductive generalisation. The purpose of this paper is to ask whether this characterisation is relevant to aged care services in Shanghai. Design/methodology/approach This study uses data from ageing profile statistics, policy documents and ethnographic fieldwork to examine Shanghai aged care services. Findings These data show a growing reliance and preference for state aged care service provision to complement family care. It finds that changes in Shanghai aged care services in the last ten years have moved towards a model with similar patterns in high-income countries. It suggests that differences in the service system that were attributed to Confucian values were more likely due to the degree of economic development and internationalisation. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by re-examining the structure of Shanghai’s welfare regime in the context of the dynamic nature of aged care services and preferences of older people.
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Amado, Pedro, Fábio Albuquerque und Nuno Rodrigues. „Los factores explicativos de la divulgación por segmentos en entidades no financieras cotizadas en los mercados europeos“. Contaduría y Administración 63, Nr. 2 (10.04.2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2018.1629.
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<p><span lang="EN-US">Segment reporting (external) is a relevant tool for investors and other stakeholders, as the information is presented in a divisional way, enabling more accurate analysis to be made for decision making. However, reporting entities do not always assure the inherent potential of segment reporting. This research aims to identify the explanatory factors that may influence the level of segment disclosure. For this purpose, we have investigated the segment disclosures presented in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 8 of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), as adopted by the European Union, based on consolidated reports and accounts (for the year 2015) of a sample of 91 entities from the Portuguese Stock Index (PSI-20), <em>Cotation Assistée en Continu </em>(CAC-40), <em>Deutscher Aktienindex </em>(DAX-30) and OMX Nordic 40 (OMX-N40). The findings indicate that size is directly related to both the number of operating segments disclosed and the level of disclosure required for each segment. Further, the latter seems to be also influenced by the existence of barriers to entry (directly) and the degree of internationalisation (inversely).</span></p>