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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „International public policy exception“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "International public policy exception"
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de Oliveira, Leonardo V. P., und Isabel Miranda. „International Public Policy and Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in Brazil“. Journal of International Arbitration 30, Issue 1 (01.02.2013): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2013004.
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This article considers if and how Brazilian courts have applied the international public policy exception when deciding whether to recognize and enforce foreign arbitral awards. In Brazil, like other jurisdictions, according to Article V(2)(b) of the NewYork Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the 'New York Convention'), when a court is faced with a challenge, it has to determine if the public policy exception refers to its national public policy or international public policy. In the past ten years, arbitration in Brazil has gained prominence and the number of challenges to awards, both national and international, has generated several decisions on how Brazilian courts interpret the public policy exemption. This article presents the Brazilian and the international view of what the international public policy is, as well as how the Brazilian and the international view is expressed in their jurisprudence on the topic in order to demonstrate and compare the direction being taken on the public policy exception by Brazilian courts.
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Colombi Ciacchi, Aurelia. „Public Policy Exceptions in European Private Law: A New Research Project“. European Review of Private Law 22, Issue 5 (01.10.2014): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2014051.
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Abstract: Public policy exceptions arguably exist in all fields of private and commerciallaw, not only in private international law but also in substantive law. In substantive private law, the term 'public policy exception' could be used to indicate general illegality rules that make an act of private autonomy (a contract, a testament, etc.) invalid when it conflicts with public policy or good morals. In primary EU law, one may call 'public policy exceptions' the derogations from the four freedoms for reasons of public morality, public policy, public security, or public health. Like the ordre public exceptions in private international law, the public policy exceptions in substantive private and commercial laws can also be seen as conflict rules. In fact, the public policy exceptions in substantive private law address the conflict between state regulation and policy, on the one hand, and private (self-)regulation and policy, on the other hand. Moreover, the public policy derogations from the four freedoms regulate the conflict between EU and national law and policy. A long-term research project initiated in Groningen aims at a cross-cutting comparison of interpretations and applications of concepts that function as public policy exceptions in different branches of substantive, international, and EU private and commerciallaw. In particular, this project aims at discovering and comparing the governance aspects, the fundamental rights based aspects, and the social justice aspects of these interpretations and applications. Resumé: On trouve sans aucun doute des exceptions d'ordre public dans tous les domaines du droit privé et commercial, non seulement en droit international privé mais aussi en droit matériel. En droit privé matériel, le terme 'exception d'ordre public' pourrait être utilisé pour indiquer des règles générales d'illicéité invalidant un acte d'autonomie privée (un contrat, un testament etc.) lorsqu'il est contraire à l'ordre public ou aux bonnes mœurs. Dans le droit primaire de l'UE, on peut appeler 'les exceptions d'ordre public' les dérogations aux 'quatre libertés' pour des raisons de morale publique, d'ordre public, de sécurité publique ou de santé publique. Comme les exceptions d'ordre public en droit international privé, les exceptions d'ordre public en droit privé matériel et commercial peuvent aussi être considérées comme des règles de conflit. En fait, les exceptions d'ordre public en droit privé matériel traitent le conflit entre la réglementation et la politique publiques d'une part et l'(auto-)réglementation et la politique privées d'autre part. De plus, les derogations d'ordre public aux 'quatre libertés' règlementent le conflit entre le droit et la politique au niveau national et au niveau de l'UE. Un projet de recherche à long terme lancé à Groningen vise à établir une comparaison transversale d'interprétations et d'applications de concepts fonctionnant comme exceptions d'ordre public dans différentes branches de droit matériel, international et de droit commercial et privé de l'UE. Ce projet tente en particulier de découvrir et de comparer les aspects de gouvernance, les aspects basés sur les droits fondamentaux et les aspects de justice sociale de ces interprétations et applications.
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Selim, Ismail. „Egyptian Public Policy as a Ground for Annulment and Refusal of Enforcement of Arbitral Awards“. BCDR International Arbitration Review 3, Issue 1 (01.09.2016): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bcdr2016006.
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In contrast with the French approach, the Egyptian Arbitration Law does not explicitly embrace the dichotomy between domestic and international public policy. Yet Egyptian courts have adopted the well-known distinction between domestic and international public policy with respect to conflict of laws, including, mutatis mutandis, recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments and foreign and international arbitral awards. The weak standard of review by Egyptian courts of whether an arbitration award complies with public policy norms is one of the reasons why Egypt has become an arbitration-friendly seat. A comprehensive review of Egyptian case law illustrates the rejection by the courts in Egypt of the public policy exception, save in very exceptional circumstances.
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Junita, Fifi. „Judicial Review of International Arbitral Awards on the Public Policy Exception in Indonesia“. Journal of International Arbitration 29, Issue 4 (01.08.2012): 405–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2012027.
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The principle of non-review of arbitral awards on the merits is of foundational importance to the finality and enforceability of foreign awards. This paper examines the nature and scope of judicial review of international awards based on the public policy exception by the Indonesian courts. This article argues that the courts review the material findings of facts of the award expansively, relying on the public policy exception. It indicates that the courts do not only review errors in findings of fact, but they also engage in a full and independent re-examination of the factual basis that allegedly gives rise to the public policy violation. In the latter part of this article, the author concludes that the broad scope and meaning ascribed to the public policy exception under the Indonesian Arbitration law and the court's expansive intervention are likely to inhibit the finality of foreign awards in Indonesia.
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Loos, Gregory P. „Trade Policy and Public Goods“. NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 13, Nr. 1 (Mai 2003): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2qum-5nv3-8du1-fr0q.
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The World Trade Organization (WTO) was formed in 1994 as the first multilateral trade organization with enforcement authority over national governments. A country's domestic standards cannot be more restrictive than international standards for trade. WTO seeks to “harmonize” individual domestic policies into uniform global standards and encompasses trade-related aspects of health, public safety, and environmental protection. These issues are transnational and pose enormous challenges to traditional governance structures. Most governments are not equipped to manage problems that transcend their borders. Moreover, international governance in social issues—with the possible exception of public health—is still in its infancy. Many groups are concerned that local public interests will be subjugated to global corporate interests. The article looks at the social ramifications of world trade policy and concludes that world trade must be balanced with sustainable environments and human health.
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Sasson, Monique. „Public Policy in International Commercial Arbitration“. Journal of International Arbitration 39, Issue 3 (01.06.2022): 411–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2022019.
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This article analyses the decisions on public policy contained in the Kluwer Arbitration database. The database includes more than 1,000 cases. Objections based on public policy have been raised in 44% of recognition and enforcement proceedings and in 38% of setting aside proceedings. The success rate of these objections was low, 19% and 21%, respectively. This article discusses the decisions in which these objections were successful, distinguishing between the three International Law Association categories: (i)‘violation of fundamental principles, procedural public policy, or substantive public policy’; (ii) ‘loi de police’; and (iii) ‘violation of international obligations’ (though there were no successful objections in this category). The article concludes that the Kluwer Research confirms that public policy should only be applied in a limited set of circumstances, though it also features a few exceptions to the narrow construction of the concept of public policy. public policy, procedural public policy, substantive public policy, recognition and enforcement, vacatur, setting aside, violation international obligations, due process, loi de police
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Qu, Guangyi, und Wei Shen. „Public Health and Investment Protection in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic—From the Sustainable Perspective of Exception Clauses“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 11 (26.05.2022): 6523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116523.
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, various preventive and controlling measures have been taken by host states but may damage the interests of foreign investors and consequently result in international investment disputes. Confronted with potential international investment arbitration, the exceptions clause in international investment law is one of the host state’s defences. However, the public health exception clause is a general exception clause with uncertainty when investment arbitration takes place and investment arbitral tribunals interpret it. In the international society, sustainable development has gradually been recognized as a key principle in contemporary international law. Against this background, in the context of international investment, it is appropriate for host states to optimize the exception clauses in BITs or FTAs, thereby reducing the risk of arbitration concerning the host state’s regulatory measures to protect the public from the pandemic.
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Hariani, Anirudh. „Indian Arbitration and the Shifting Sands of Public Policy“. Asian International Arbitration Journal 16, Issue 2 (01.11.2020): 159–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aiaj2020020.
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The ‘public policy’ test is a statutory exception to the enforcement of arbitration awards. The doctrine has its roots in common law. At times, the test has been construed narrowly, and at other times, expansively. What actually constitutes and what is contrary to public policy, however, is never clear. This article seeks to trace the tumultuous development of the public policy doctrine in India, from its beginnings as a common law concept, to arrive at the current understanding of the doctrine and its parameters, in the context of Indian arbitration law. In the process, this article discusses the approach of Indian courts in limiting interference with foreign arbitration awards on the public policy ground. The author argues that it is necessary to further check the public policy exception in India, particularly in the context of enforcement of foreign awards and awards from international commercial arbitration, in view of the Indian government’s aim of making India a ‘hub of arbitration’. international, commercial, arbitration, India, public, policy, development, enforcement, foreign, award.
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Costa, Daniel Carnio, und Cristiano de Castro Jarreta Coelho. „Situações que Levariam à Incidência da Cláusula de Barreira da Ordem Pública na Insolvência Transnacional no Brasil – Art. 167-A, § 4º da Lei N. 11.101/2005, Introduzido pela Lei N. 14.112/2020“. REVISTA INTERNACIONAL CONSINTER DE DIREITO 14, Nr. 14 (30.06.2022): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19135/revista.consinter.00014.17.
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Brazil internalized UNCINTRAL’s Model Law through bill 14.112/2020, act that aims, among others, cooperation between the courts that deal with the insolvence of a cross-board company. However, it was also internalized the exception of public policy, mechanism that allows a brazilian judge deny recognition of a foreign insolvence suit that is manifestly contrary to the public policy. This paper is framed from a finding that the approval of that bill is an international commitment adopted by the country and that the exception of public policy is a compromise of the country with its own civilization standards. From this premise, our propose is, with an empiral methodology, construct examples of manifestly contrary to the public policy. The aim desired, therefore, is establish theorical models of an appropriate application of the public policy exception.
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Bansal, Chaman Lal, und Shalini Aggarwal. „Public policy paradox in enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in BRICS countries“. International Journal of Law and Management 59, Nr. 6 (13.11.2017): 1279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-09-2016-0079.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the specific legislative and judicial approaches of each of the BRICS countries toward recourse to public policy exception in the context of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. Further, it points out the critical areas which need immediate attention to make these countries attractive destinations for parking of investments by international parties. Design/methodology/approach The study is a conceptual paper that provides knowledge of the critical areas which needs immediate attention to make BRICS countries attractive destinations for parking of investments by international parties. The first part of the paper examines a guide map to the international business community to devise their dispute adjudication strategies before committing investments in any of BRICS economies. The second part examined the variegated notions of the concept of public policy exception and the existence of differences in judicial approaches. The next parts analyzed the specific legislative and judicial approaches of each of BRICS countries toward recourse to public policy. Findings The BRICS countries need to spell out the universal principles applicable to construing the notion of public policy. It would reduce conflicts between national laws and help the municipal courts in determining the issue of enforceability of foreign awards by reference to a common yardstick. Hence, until a harmonized approach to public policy toward foreign awards is developed at an international level, the BRICS countries may take initiative to set up an inter-regional arbitration council to resolve intricate cases occurring in the field of application of public policy exception to foreign arbitral awards. Originality/value The paper is an original work of the author.
Dissertationen zum Thema "International public policy exception"
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Rémy, Benjamin. „Exception d'ordre public et mécanisme des lois de police en droit international privé“. Paris 1, 2006. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D8.
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L'objet de cette étude est de restaurer un dialogue entre les différents objets du droit international privé. Il convient de dégager une grille de lecture qui permet de comprendre, tant les rapports que l'exception d'ordre public et le mécanisme des lois de police entretiennent avec les autres mécanismes de droit international privé, que les différences qui existent entre ces deux mécanismes. Une telle entreprise est menée en se situant sur le plan des différents intérêts susceptibles de servir de fondement aux règles de droit international privé. L'étude des différentes manifestations de l'exception d'ordre public et du mécanisme des lois de police a permis, ensuite, une double conclusion. L'exception d'ordre public permet de prendre en charge tant l'intérêt des parties à ne pas voir leur système axiologique heurté que l'intérêt étatique à réaliser certaines politiques législatives. Par ailleurs, il y aurait un phénomène de spécialisation de ces deux mécanismes au terme duquel l'exception d'ordre public traduirait le seul intérêt des parties alors que le mécanisme des lois de police prendrait en charge un intérêt étatique. C'est ensuite l'analyse de la distinction entre valeur et objectif, d'une part, et l'étude des relations entre valeurs et normes et entre objectif et norme, d'autre part, qui a permis de préciser ce que les fondements de ces mécanismes exigent exactement d'un point de vue méthodologique. C'est, par ailleurs, l'analyse menée en termes d'intérêts qui permet de comprendre l'articulation des mécanismes étudiés avec les autres méthodes de droit international privé.
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Remy, Benjamin. „Exception d'ordre public et mécanisme des lois de police en droit international privé /“. Paris : Dalloz, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412311990.
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Bihannic, Kévin. „Repenser l'ordre public de proximité : d'une conception hiérarchique à une conception proportionnelle“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D087/document.
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Si la jurisprudence n’a pas définitivement condamné l’ordre public de proximité, son champ d’application ne cesse de se restreindre, à tel point qu’il est devenu possible de s’interroger sur l’existence d’une condamnation implicite de ce mécanisme. Cette situation impose d’envisager son avenir dans la théorie générale du droit international privé. En dépit de la récurrence de sa critique en doctrine, l’ordre public de proximité n’est pas dépourvu d’utilité et il apparaît possible, par une réinterprétation de son fonctionnement d’ensemble, de dépasser la crainte qu’il opère une mutation du rôle dévolu à l’exception d’ordre public et favorise le développement du relativisme culturel. Cette possible réhabilitation de l’ordre public de proximité ne doit pas, cependant, conduire à penser que le mécanisme serait sans défaut. Sa confrontation aux évolutions du droit international privé et à la possible mutation de l’exception d’ordre public rend ainsi compte d’une certaine inadaptation. Surtout, le passage vers une logique hiérarchique, nécessaire afin de dépasser la critique relativiste, fait craindre un désintérêt total pour la norme étrangère. Dès lors, le mécanisme semble se construire en marge de la théorie de l’ordre public et il devient nécessaire d’envisager son dépassement. La reformulation de la théorie de l’effet atténué pourrait se présenter comme une solution efficace. Il conviendra, cependant, de veiller à ce que le raisonnement à l’œuvre soit fondé sur une mise en balance des différents intérêts en cause. Par conséquent, si l’ordre public de proximité ne peut plus exister comme mécanisme autonome, la condition de proximité doit demeurer et contribuer au développement de la proportionnalité comme technique de mise en œuvre de l’effet atténuéAlthough case law has not entirely ruled out the theory of the “ordre public de proximité”, it’s scope has constantly been decreased to the point that it is now impossible to question it’s fall from grace. Hence pushing for a study of it’s future existence in the general theory of privateinternational law. In spite of recurrent criticism from Doctrine sources, the “ordre public de proximité” has not become useless. A renewed interpretation of its overall functioning is needed to overcome the fear of taking over the role of the public policy exception and therefore encouraging cultural relativism.However, considering the rehabilitation of the “ordre public de proximité” should not misguide us into thinking it is flawless. When confronted to the evolution of private interational law and a possible mutation of the public policy exception, the inadaptability of this principle becomesobvious. More specifically when transiting toward a logical ranking of values as necessairy for it’s effective functioning, one may fear a lack of consideration for the foreign norm. As a consequence, the “ordre public de proximité” seems to build itself outside of the public policytheory highlighting the need to consider it’s overcoming. Redefining the theory of the so-called “effet atténué” (limited effect) could represente an effective solution on condition that this system is founded on the balance of interest. In conclusion, if the “ordre public de proximité” cannot exist as an independent mechanism, the proximity condition must remain and support the development of proportionality as the reasoning method for the application of the so-called “effet atténué”
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Adel, Zaher Mina. „L'ordre public dans les relations privées internationales : l'exemple des contrats internationaux devant le juge étatique“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3057.
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L’autonomie de la volonté est un principe relatif à la liberté des parties quant au choix de la loi applicable au contrat international. Cependant, ce principe est limité par les règles d’ordre public, et plus généralement les dispositions impératives, réduisant l’étendue de cette autonomie. Afin de perfectionner la mise en application de ces règles tout en garantissant une certaine prévisibilité, il s’avère important d’étudier en détail l’origine et la nature des règles d’ordre public. Une étude comparée avec le droit international privé égyptien s’avère nécessaire pour perfectionner les mécanismes actuels. Le débat conceptuel actuel met en évidence le rôle de la coopération internationale, outre les intérêts purement étatiques, ce qui suscitera un nouvel ordre public transnational, voire supranationalThe freedom of choice is a principle referring to the freedom of the parties concerning the choice of the law ruling the international contract. However, this principle is limited by public policy, which reduce the extent of this freedom. In order to improve the application of these rules with a minimum of predictability, it is important to study in detail the origin and nature of the rules of public policy. A comparative study with Egyptian private international law is needed to take advantage from all current mechanisms. The current conceptual debate highlights the role of international cooperation, in addition to purely State interests, which will tend to create a new transnational, or even supranational, public policy
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Laurichesse, Céline. „La grève en droit international privé“. Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOD008/document.
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La projection de la grève dans l’ordre international permet d’apprécier la richesse et la diversité de l’expression collective des travailleurs. Son développement à l’échelle internationale a généré une mise en concurrence accrue des différents droits nationaux. L’absence d’une réglementation matérielle traduit la difficulté juridique de maîtriser la notion et engendre un important conflit de lois et de juridictions. La nécessité de l’adoption de règles de conflit déterminant la loi et le juge compétent est donc devenue indispensable afin d’apporter une réponse à cette problématique conflictuelle. Le caractère de droit fondamental de la grève requiert cependant de faire l’objet d’une protection particulière lorsque sa valeur est remise en cause par une loi étrangère désignée par la règle de conflit. A ce titre l’exception d’ordre public classique permet d’évincer utilement la loi étrangère contraire à l’ordre public du for. L’exigence de la présence de liens de rattachement pertinents avec l’ordre juridique du for et d’un certain degré de gravité de la violation alléguée au droit fondamental de grève du for garantissent une intervention pondérée de l’exception d’ordre public. Elle constitue ainsi un moyen efficace de protéger le droit de grève tout en restant un mécanisme dont l’intervention reste exceptionnelleThe development of the strike in the international order can appreciate richness and diversity of the collective expression of workers, it also increased competition from different national laws. The absence of a regulation reflects the difficulty of controlling the legal concept and it creates a conflict of laws and courts. The need for the adoption of rules of conflict, which determines the law and the competent court, has therefore become necessary to provide an answer to this conflict problem. The character of the fundamental right to strike, however, requires to be special protection when its value is questioned by an authority designated by the conflict rule foreign law. As such, the conventional public policy exception allows oust usefully foreign law contrary to public policy. The requirement of the presence of links relevant connecting with the legal order and a certain degree of gravity of the alleged violation of the fundamental right to strike ensures a weighted intervention public policy exception. It constitutes an effective means of protecting the right to strike while remaining a mechanism whose intervention is exceptional
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Potentier, Sophie. „Les frontières de l'ordre public international en droit patrimonial de la famille“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC0003.
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Les orientations récentes de l’ordre public international en droit patrimonial de la famille invitent à se demander s’il existe réellement un ordre public international spécifique au droit patrimonial de la famille ; et plus encore, si l’on peut même parler « d’ordre public » en la matière. L’ordre public international s’attache en effet essentiellement aujourd’hui à protéger les intérêts privés, à défendre l’individu au sein de la famille, plutôt que la famille en elle-même. La construction européenne, entre autres, explique sans doute cette conception resserrée sur les droits fondamentaux de l’individu. La notion d’ordre public international peut être perçue comme un frein à la construction d'une entité supranationale, parce qu'elle autorise des valeurs impératives différentes, propres à chaque pays, qui nuisent à l'unité recherchée. Pour mieux circuler, il semble qu’il faille assouplir les principes du for, et donc rétrécir le contenu de l’ordre public international. Mais à force d’assouplir l’ordre public, ne le vide-t-on pas de sa substance ? Comment dès lors concilier liberté de circulation et préservation de nos principes et valeurs ? L’objet de la thèse est de démontrer que, contrairement aux apparences, l’ordre public international n’est pas forcément un frein à l’harmonie internationale. Une concorde peut s’opérer entre les différents principes fondateurs du droit patrimonial de la famille, et l’harmonie peut être trouvée dans la mise en œuvre même du mécanisme d’ordre public international, à travers la relativisation de son applicationThe recent developments in the domain of international public policy regarding patrimonial family law forces us to wonder if there really exists such a specific concept within patrimonial family law. Nowadays, international public policy seems to address and protect private interests and defend the individual within the family instead of protecting the family as whole. The European integration, amongst other events, explains this conception which is focused on fundamental individual rights. This leads the international public policy notion to be viewed as hindering the development of a supranational entity, given it authorizes a wide variety of values specific to each particular country, which goes against and impedes the intended harmonized unity. With this in mind, for better European flow and mobility, we are confronted with the necessity to loosen general local principals and therefore lessen the application of an international public policy. Nevertheless, by following this path of loosening international public policy don’t we undermine the foundation of its own existence? How can we reconcile freedom of movement with the preservation of our values and principles? The main objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that, contrary to appearance, international public policy is not necessarily a hurdle to international harmony but can be forged to bolster unity and coherence. In order to achieve harmony and consistency we should seek first an alignment between the various founding principles of patrimonial family law followed by a particular mechanism of application that puts into perspective the public policy exception itself
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Zhao, Yi. „La loi de police en droit international privé français et chinois“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0001.
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Le mécanisme des lois de police en droit international privé chinois est un produit importé et sa définition législative est influencée par la définition européenne. Bien que la définition française de loi de police et la définition chinoise ne soient pas textuellement identiques, il nous semble que la notion de loi de police ne change pas selon qu’il s’agit de droit français ou de droit chinois. Cependant, n’étant prévu par le droit positif chinois que depuis 2011, le mécanisme des lois de police est relativement jeune, non seulement au regard de ce mécanisme lui-même mais aussi au regard de ses relations avec d’autres mécanismes de droit international privé ayant des liens avec lui, comme l’exception d’ordre public international. Nous chercherons les expériences françaises en la matière et étudierons la notion française et chinoise de loi de police, d’autres mécanismes de droit international privé en lien avec le mécanisme des lois de police et les illustrations des lois de police dans la jurisprudence. Malgré les critiques, l’application immédiate et impérative est toujours le caractère le plus important des lois de police du for dans l’instance directe, mais ce n’est le cas ni pour l’instance indirecte ni pour les lois de police étrangères. Selon la jurisprudence française et chinoise, le non-respect par le juge étranger ou par un tribunal arbitral de la loi de police de l’État requis n’entraîne pas automatiquement le refus de reconnaissance ou d’exécution. Concernant les lois de police étrangères, le texte législatif chinois est muet, mais cela ne signifie pas que l’application ou la prise en considération de la loi de police étrangère est interdite en droit chinoisThe overriding mandatory provisions in Chinese private international law is imported and its legislative definition is incorporated by the European one. Although the French definition of overriding mandatory provisions and the Chinese definition are not textually identical, it seems to us that the notion of overriding mandatory provisions does not change depending on whether it is French law or Chinese law. However, having been provided for by Chinese positive law only since 2011, the overriding mandatory provisions mechanism is relatively young, not only with regard to this mechanism itself but also to its relations with other mechanisms of private international law having links with it, such as the international public policy exception. We will seek French experiences in this area and study the French and Chinese notion of overriding mandatory provisions, other mechanisms of private international law in connection with them and their illustrations in case law. Despite the criticisms, the immediate and mandatory application is always the most important character of the overriding mandatory provisions of the forum in the direct instance, but this is not the case for foreign overriding mandatory provisions or for the indirect instance. According to French and Chinese case law, the non-respect by the foreign judge or by an arbitral tribunal of the overriding mandatory provisions of the requested state does not automatically result in the refusal of recognition or enforcement. Regarding the foreign overriding mandatory provisions, the Chinese legislative text is silent, but this does not mean that their application or take into consideration is prohibited in Chinese law
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Corso, Cécile. „Les conventions bilatérales franco-marocaines à l'épreuve de l'européanisation du droit : Étude de droit international privé de la famille“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3046.
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Les conventions franco-marocaines du 5 octobre 1957 et du 10 août 1981 constituent le socle de la coopération bilatérale entre les États français et marocain en matière familiale internationale. Négociées il y a plusieurs décennies, elles ont pour objectif de garantir aux ressortissants des deux États l’application de leur statut personnel sur le territoire de l’autre État et de mieux assurer la protection des enfants et des créanciers d’aliments. Ces conventions se sont toutefois heurtées à l’hétérogénéité des ordres juridiques français et marocains. L’européanisation croissante du droit international privé de la famille invite à s’interroger sur la place laissée par les droits européens aux conventions bilatérales franco-marocaines. L’applicabilité des conventions franco-marocaines est mise à l’épreuve par l’emprise croissante des règlements européens de droit international privé articulés aux conventions de La Haye. L’enchevêtrement des normes applicables conduit alors à examiner les solutions permettant d’articuler les sources entre elles. Dans les hypothèses où elles demeurent applicables, les conventions franco-marocaines sont là encore soumises aux droits européens. L’influence des droits européens peut alors servir les objectifs conventionnels et porter les conventions franco-marocaines vers plus d’efficacité, ou alors infléchir les obligations bilatérales lorsque les valeurs européennes se trouvent mise en causeThe French-Moroccan agreements of October, 5th 1957 and August, 10th 1981 establish the base of the bilateral cooperation between French and Moroccan States in the field of private international family law. Negotiated several decades ago, they have for objective to guarantee to the nationals of both States the application of their personal status on the territory of the other State and to insure the protection of the children and the maintenance creditors. These conventions however came up against the differences existing between the French and Moroccan legal orders. The increasing Europeanisation of the private international family law invites to wonder about the place left by European laws for the application of the French-Moroccan bilateral agreements. The applicability of the French-Moroccan conventions is put to a test by the increasing influence of the European regulations articulated with the Hague Conference’s conventions. When they are applicable, the French-Moroccan agreements are submitted even there to European laws. Then, the influence of European law can serve the conventional objectives and carry the French-Moroccan agreements towards more efficiency, or bend the bilateral obligations when the European values are questioned
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Mojak, Karolina. „L'avenir du critère de la nationalité en droit international privé“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB191.
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Nous sommes aujourd'hui face à un incontestable déclin du critère de la nationalité en droit international privé. À l'heure de la mobilité croissante des personnes et de l'essor des autres critères de rattachement, il nous faut faire le constat de la marginalisation de la nationalité, pourtant considérée pendant longtemps comme la principale notion en matière de statut personnel, une marginalisation confirmée par les règlements européens et la jurisprudence. Face aux changements dans ce domaine et aux incertitudes qui y sont liées, il est nécessaire d'analyser ces données afin de pouvoir procéder à un bilan et d'énoncer des résolutions pour l'avenir. En effet, l'évolution du droit international privé a conduit à privilégier de nouveaux critères de rattachement, considérés comme plus efficaces et moins discriminatoires que la nationalité, qui sont ainsi plébiscités par le législateur et les juges européens. Il s'agit tout d'abord des critères territorialistes, et particulièrement de la résidence habituelle qui est devenue le rattachement principal, pour la plupart des textes européens, en matière de divorce, de responsabilité parentale ou encore de régime des incapables. L'importance donnée aux individus, reconnus en tant que quasi-sujets de droit international, résultant de l'intervention des droits de l'homme, apparaît comme le principal facteur du déclin de la nationalité. Le principe de non-discrimination et la prise en compte de la volonté des parties, jusqu'à leur désunion et leurs successions, illustrent cet état de fait. Il s'agit alors de savoir, à la lumière des réflexions sur ces nouveaux paradigmes, s'il est encore possible de reconsidérer le rattachement des personnes en revalorisant le critère de la nationalité dans certains domaines, comme cela a été suggéré dernièrement en droit des successions. Nous proposons ainsi une méthodologie permettant aussi bien dans le conflit de lois que dans le conflit de juridictions de déterminer les raisons du déclin de la nationalité. Nous menons également une réflexion sur son irrévocabilité en droit international privéThe decline of the nationality in private international law is nowadays an undeniable reality. The impact of an almost unconditional mobility of European citizens and the emergence of other connecting factors in the personal law result in the weakening of the nationality link, despite its historical role in determining the law applied to an individual. The weakening is confirmed by the modern European legislation and case law. This study seems essential to understand the foundations of nationality as the connecting factor and takes into account the important changes of the nationality and its uncertainty. Indeed, the evolution of the European private international law led to the switch of the connecting factor from nationality toward territorial nexuses. Particular significance is put on the nexus of habitual residence, which is considered to be more efficient and less discriminatory, and is retained by the main European regulations and judgments, not only in case of international divorces or parental authority, but also according to such matters as legal capacity. Furthermore, the superiority of human rights appears to be the essential reason for the acknowledgement of individuals as the quasi-subjects of international law, which resulted in the decline of nationality as a connecting factor. Consequently, the principles of non-discrimination and personal autonomy impact the further fields of personal law, e.g. disunion and heritage. In the light of these new paradigms, it should be questioned if it is possible to overcome the decadence of the nationality and authorize its part in some matters of the European private international law, as it was regulated in the new heritage European regulation. For these reasons, this study propose a methodology that determines the reasons of the fall of nationality as the nexus of the private international law, both in the conflict of laws and in the conflict of jurisdictions, and provides some reflections on its irreversibility
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Cedillo, Corral Erika Marcela. „Arbitration and the public policy exception in Mexico : local exceptions to global standards“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/64224.
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This dissertation examines the tension between globalization and local legal contexts by reference to the interpretation in Mexico of the public policy exception in the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. Globalization has promoted convergence of legal norms and institutions that materialize in international conventions and organizations to facilitate trade. This has forced states to adopt global standards and reform their legal systems to effectively participate in the global trade arena. However, the effects of these dynamics on local legal systems are often disregarded or not considered.
This dissertation demonstrates that the interpretation and implementation in Mexico of the public policy exception under the New York Convention reflect the impact of local legal arrangements on globalized standards. Additionally, it reveals that a pluralistic approach to this exception advances a more inclusive perspective for the implementation of globalized standards while at the same time offering certainty. A pluralistic approach to the public policy exception creates a space to acknowledge and honor the diversity of legal systems coexisting globally and legitimizes local approaches to public policy. Accordingly, local legal systems do not need to import foreign definitions but can define their interpretation of public policy from within by using their local elements.
Using historical, doctrinal, documentary, and qualitative analyses, this study examines the development of international standards, by reference to the public policy exception, and Mexico as an example of a local legal context. For examining local contexts, this study suggests the use of four factors –language, legal tradition, legal context, and legal culture– to understand the local approach to public policy in combination with relevant local elements. In the case of Mexico, the relevant elements examined are legislation, scholarship, court precedents, cases, and the perspective of local legal actors. These factors and elements are used to suggest components to establish a guideline for the interpretation and implementation of the public policy exception in Mexico.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
Bücher zum Thema "International public policy exception"
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Ghodoosi, Farshad. International Dispute Resolution and the Public Policy Exception. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2016. | Series:: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315645711.
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Zhang, Shu. The Public Policy Exception in the Judicial Review of International Commercial Arbitral Awards. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67679-0.
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Bečvářová, Bára, Yevhen Shcherbyna, Zoltán Gyurász, Dominika Gornaľová, Magdalena Wasylkowska-Michór, Zdeněk Nový, Michal Plšek et al. Cofola International 2021. Herausgegeben von Radovan Malachta und Patrik Provazník. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021.
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Apart from international arbitration, where common state approaches may be seen, e.g. in the field of recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards, some contributions focus on national arbitration, which can bring a comparative point of view of arbitration in different states. Several contributions relate to investment arbitration, in particular, following the Achmea decision. From the most up-to-date topics, some papers are devoted to the COVID-19 pandemic or blockchain technology and their impact on arbitration. Also, the so-called Macao arbitration framework statutory established in 2020 by China will be presented. Traditional topics such as determining the applicability of non-state body of law or rules of law in arbitration or the institute of public policy exception are also included. Arbitration and the issue of double taxation may also bring attention and be beneficial to conference diversity.respective obligations are discussed.
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Kennedy, David. International public policy. [Toronto]: [Faculty of Law], University of Toronto, 1999.
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Kennedy, David. International public policy. [Toronto]: [Faculty of Law], University of Toronto, 1999.
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Guess, George, und Thomas Husted. International Public Policy Analysis. New York, NY : Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315561585.
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Jack, DeSario, und Bolotin Fredric N, Hrsg. International public policy sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.
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Philip, Gummett, Hrsg. Globalization and public policy. Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar, 1996.
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Knill, Christoph, und Yves Steinebach. International Public Administrations in Global Public Policy. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003323297.
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1934-, Nagel Stuart S., Hrsg. Global policy studies: International interaction toward improving public policy. London: Macmillan in association with the Policy Studies Organization, 1991.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "International public policy exception"
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Dar, Wasiq Abass. „‘Public policy exception’ in international commercial arbitration“. In Adjudicating Global Business in and with India, 233–54. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429343773-16.
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Zhang, Shu. „Public Policy in International Arbitration Law“. In The Public Policy Exception in the Judicial Review of International Commercial Arbitral Awards, 15–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67679-0_2.
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Zhang, Shu. „Public Policy in the Form of Public Policy Rules“. In The Public Policy Exception in the Judicial Review of International Commercial Arbitral Awards, 193–222. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67679-0_7.
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Zhang, Shu. „Arbitrability and Public Policy“. In The Public Policy Exception in the Judicial Review of International Commercial Arbitral Awards, 223–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67679-0_8.
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Zhang, Shu. „Procedural Fundamental Principles in Public Policy“. In The Public Policy Exception in the Judicial Review of International Commercial Arbitral Awards, 151–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67679-0_6.
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Zhang, Shu. „Application of Public Policy in China“. In The Public Policy Exception in the Judicial Review of International Commercial Arbitral Awards, 89–129. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67679-0_4.
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Zhang, Shu. „Substantive Notions, Public Morals and Fundamental Principles Under Public Policy“. In The Public Policy Exception in the Judicial Review of International Commercial Arbitral Awards, 131–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67679-0_5.
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Munoz Tellez, Viviana. „Bolar Exception“. In Access to Medicines and Vaccines, 135–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83114-1_5.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses the exemption from liability of patent infringement for activities related to regulatory approval for medicines, also known as the “regulatory review” or “Bolar” exception. The Bolar exception supports the market entry of generics by allowing the use of a patented invention by a third party without the consent of the patent holder for the sole purpose of obtaining regulatory approval. This constitutes an important defense for generic manufacturers when undertaking activities such as studies and trials to provide the information required by regulatory agencies. In this regard, the Bolar exception can respond to a public policy objective of facilitating market entry of generics to support competition and exerting downward pressure on prices for medicines. The Bolar exception is included in many country patent laws and is compatible with international legal instruments regarding patent law.
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Zeller, Bruno, Gautam Mohanty und Sai Ramani Garimella. „The Law on the Public Policy Exception in International Arbitration—State Practice in South Asia“. In Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards and the Public Policy Exception, 127–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2634-0_5.
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Zhang, Shu. „Overview of China’s Practice in Applying Public Policy in Arbitration Law“. In The Public Policy Exception in the Judicial Review of International Commercial Arbitral Awards, 41–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67679-0_3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "International public policy exception"
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Wang, Quanyu, Shi Ying, Jing Wen und Guobin Lv. „Policy-based exception handling for BPEL processes“. In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Information Science and Technology (ICIST). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icist.2012.6221661.
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Sáez-Pérez, Luis Antonio, Nieves García-Casarejos und Marta Rincón-Pérez. „Desafío Programm. A rural version of Erasmus for depopulated areas.“ In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9492.
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In remote rural areas, economic and social life exits, although young universitarian don't believe it. Dynamic companies, innovative administrations and creative third sector need talent, the most decisive input, but it is scarce and it is difficult to compete with cities to attract it. Public Universities linked to local communities could match each part, students and employees, facilitating their respective knowledge through summer internships, improving the human and social capital on both sides. That’s the objective of Desafío Programme, the experimental policy which we analyse in this work. It is implemented by the Provincial Council of Zaragoza and its University to do it reducing transaction cost by giving information and offering grants to the students who decide to work and live in very small villages. Thanks to it they obtain a professional experience in which to apply their knowledges, but, more important, they enrich themselves through an exceptional experience, learning by doing and learning by living. We expose the main points of Desafío, the kind of studies required, the type of company and organization, and the relevant costs. In base to the polls and interviews made before and after, we can deduce a very good valuation of students and employers.
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Abrantes, Joilson, und Roberta Coelho. „Specifying and Dynamically Monitoring the Exception Handling Policy“. In The 27th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering. KSI Research Inc. and Knowledge Systems Institute Graduate School, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18293/seke2015-133.
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Montenegro, Taiza, Hugo Melo, Roberta Coelho und Eiji Barbosa. „Improving developers awareness of the exception handling policy“. In 2018 IEEE 25th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330228.
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Jiajia, Wen, Chen Junliang, Peng Yong und Xu Meng. „A Multi-Policy Exception Handling System for BPEL Process“. In 2006 First International Conference on Communications and Networking in China. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chinacom.2006.344856.
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Frankel, E. „Transportation and public policy“. In Proceedings. The 7th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2004.1398990.
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Stetsyunich, Yulia, Yulia Busheneva und Andrey Zaytsev. „Framing public financial policy“. In SPBPU IDE '19: International Scientific Conference on Innovations in Digital Economy 2019. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3372177.3373289.
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Javadi, Seyyed Ahmad, Morteza Amini und Rasool Jalili. „Non-monotonocity in OrBAC through default and exception policy rules“. In 2012 9th International ISC Conference on Information Security and Cryptology (ISCISC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscisc.2012.6408196.
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Wang, Quanyu, Guobin Lv, Shi Ying und Jing Wen. „A policy-driven exception handling approach for service-oriented processes“. In 2012 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cscwd.2012.6221857.
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Neverov, Kirill, und Diana Budko. „Social Networks and Public Policy“. In IMS2017: International Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3143699.3143700.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "International public policy exception"
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Gwin, Catherine, Mayra Ruiz, Saleema Vellani und Alejandro Guerrero. IDB-9: Access to Information. Inter-American Development Bank, März 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010517.
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Following up on the IDB-9 commitments, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB, or Bank) established a new Access to Information Policy that took effect on January 1, 2011. The new policy was expected to match international best practices and to increase the overall transparency of the Bank, strengthening its governance and development effectiveness. This review assesses the extent to which the access to information reform has been fully and effectively implemented. The review finds that the new policy largely matches best practices in comparator institutions, with, however, one provision that is unique to the IDB policy and inconsistent with the core principle of transparency: a broadly written exception to disclosure of country-specific information to which a country objects. As evidence of country use of this exception already suggests, this exception could completely undermine the access to information reform endeavor. The policy cannot be implemented effectively unless the country-specific exception is narrowed. Overall, the Bank is in the process of fully implementing the Access to Information Policy. Implementation progress has been substantial in the key areas of designing a regulatory framework, training staff, upgrading the Bank's document management system, and establishing governance structures and processes; and issues are being addressed as they become evident. Still, key steps to full and effective implementation remain under way. As a consequence, the effectiveness of the new policy has been significant in relation to the disclosure of key documents (such as Board-related information) but remains limited overall. Important revisions to the Implementation Guidelines have taken much longer than planned, and remain a work in progress. Timely disclosure and improved online access remain challenges. The share of documents made public under the new policy has decreased marginally, and staff and external stakeholders report limited awareness of the new policy. These findings reflect a need to improve IT monitoring systems to ensure policy compliance, expand staff training, broaden the communications strategy, and improve the online accessibility of information. This review offers six suggestions for further actions to advance effective implementation of the Access to Information Policy: (i) revise the policy to clarify that redaction is the remedy for country objections to disclosure of country-specific information, and make explicit that the final decision on the handling of information lies with the Bank, after consultation in cases of country concern; (ii) to be consistent with IDB-9 commitments to disclose project results, include Expanded Project Supervision Reports (XPSRs) in the list of disclosed information for non-sovereign-guaranteed operations; (iii) to effectively monitor policy compliance, establish a mechanism to spot-check the accuracy of document classification; (iv) enhance and launch the planned tracking system for timely disclosure of public information; (v) improve the IDB's website and better integrate the different repository systems to ensure easy and adequate accessibility to the Bank's information; and (vi) identify and track indicators of transparency.
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Stein, Ernesto H., Mariano Tommasi und Carlos Scartascini. Political Institutions, State Capabilities and Public Policy: International Evidence. Inter-American Development Bank, Dezember 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010903.
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This paper introduces preliminary evidence from a cross-country database of policy characteristics and potential uses of that database. While most databases have emphasized either the content of policies (e.g., size of government deficits) or countries formal institutions (e.g., political regime, electoral system), the variables in this database reflect the policymaking capabilities of different polities. The paper attempts to explain these policy characteristics as depending on the workings of political institutions, using a logic emphasizing intertemporal political compromise. The paper also contrasts this logic with alternatives such as the veto players approach. The paper concludes by suggesting the use of these policy characteristics or state capabilities as explanatory variables for the effectiveness of public spending in various social areas.
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Cavallo, Eduardo A., und Christian Daude. Public Investment in Developing Countries: A Blessing or a Curse? Inter-American Development Bank, Oktober 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010897.
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This paper analyzes the impact of public investment on private investment in 116 developing countries between 1980 and 2006. It finds a strong crowding-out effect that seems to be the norm rather than the exception, both across regions and over time. This effect is dampened (or even reversed) in countries with better institutions that are more open to international trade and financial flows. These results confirm that while public infrastructure may complement private capital, distortions associated with the public investment process might crowd out private investment in the course of building public capital stocks. These distortions are more prevalent in countries with weak institutions or closed economies.
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Lewis, Dustin, und Naz Modirzadeh. Taking into Account the Potential Effects of Counterterrorism Measures on Humanitarian and Medical Activities: Elements of an Analytical Framework for States Grounded in Respect for International Law. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, Mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/qbot8406.
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For at least a decade, States, humanitarian bodies, and civil-society actors have raised concerns about how certain counterterrorism measures can prevent or impede humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In 2019, the issue drew the attention of the world’s preeminent body charged with maintaining or restoring international peace and security: the United Nations Security Council. In two resolutions — Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) — adopted that year, the Security Council urged States to take into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities, including medical activities, that are carried out by impartial humanitarian actors in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law (IHL). By implicitly recognizing that measures adopted to achieve one policy objective (countering terrorism) can impair or prevent another policy objective (safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities), the Security Council elevated taking into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities to an issue implicating international peace and security. In this legal briefing, we aim to support the development of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to devise and administer a system to take into account the potential effects of counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. Our primary intended audience includes the people involved in creating or administering a “take into account” system and in developing relevant laws and policies. Our analysis zooms in on Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) and focuses on grounding the framework in respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL. In section 1, we introduce the impetus, objectives, and structure of the briefing. In our view, a thorough legal analysis of the relevant resolutions in their wider context is a crucial element to laying the conditions conducive to the development and administration of an effective “take into account” system. Further, the stakes and timeliness of the issue, the Security Council’s implicit recognition of a potential tension between measures adopted to achieve different policy objectives, and the relatively scant salient direct practice and scholarship on elements pertinent to “take into account” systems also compelled us to engage in original legal analysis, with a focus on public international law and IHL. In section 2, as a primer for readers unfamiliar with the core issues, we briefly outline humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. Then we highlight a range of possible effects of the latter on the former. Concerning armed conflict, humanitarian activities aim primarily to provide relief to and protection for people affected by the conflict whose needs are unmet, whereas medical activities aim primarily to provide care for wounded and sick persons, including the enemy. Meanwhile, for at least several decades, States have sought to prevent and suppress acts of terrorism and punish those who commit, attempt to commit, or otherwise support acts of terrorism. Under the rubric of countering terrorism, States have taken an increasingly broad and diverse array of actions at the global, regional, and national levels. A growing body of qualitative and quantitative evidence documents how certain measures designed and applied to counter terrorism can impede or prevent humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In a nutshell, counterterrorism measures may lead to diminished or complete lack of access by humanitarian and medical actors to the persons affected by an armed conflict that is also characterized as a counterterrorism context, or those measures may adversely affect the scope, amount, or quality of humanitarian and medical services provided to such persons. The diverse array of detrimental effects of certain counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities may be grouped into several cross-cutting categories, including operational, financial, security, legal, and reputational effects. In section 3, we explain some of the key legal aspects of humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. States have developed IHL as the primary body of international law applicable to acts and omissions connected with an armed conflict. IHL lays down several rights and obligations relating to a broad spectrum of humanitarian and medical activities pertaining to armed conflicts. A violation of an applicable IHL provision related to humanitarian or medical activities may engage the international legal responsibility of a State or an individual. Meanwhile, at the international level, there is no single, comprehensive body of counterterrorism laws. However, States have developed a collection of treaties to pursue specific anti-terrorism objectives. Further, for its part, the Security Council has assumed an increasingly prominent role in countering terrorism, including by adopting decisions that U.N. Member States must accept and carry out under the U.N. Charter. Some counterterrorism measures are designed and applied in a manner that implicitly or expressly “carves out” particular safeguards — typically in the form of limited exceptions or exemptions — for certain humanitarian or medical activities or actors. Yet most counterterrorism measures do not include such safeguards. In section 4, which constitutes the bulk of our original legal analysis, we closely evaluate the two resolutions in which the Security Council urged States to take into account the effects of (certain) counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. We set the stage by summarizing some aspects of the legal relations between Security Council acts and IHL provisions pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. We then analyze the status, consequences, and content of several substantive elements of the resolutions and what they may entail for States seeking to counter terrorism and safeguard humanitarian and medical activities. Among the elements that we evaluate are: the Security Council’s new notion of a prohibited financial “benefit” for terrorists as it may relate to humanitarian and medical activities; the Council’s demand that States comply with IHL obligations while countering terrorism; and the constituent parts of the Council’s notion of a “take into account” system. In section 5, we set out some potential elements of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to develop and administer its “take into account” system in line with Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019). In terms of its object and purpose, a “take into account” system may aim to secure respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. In addition, the system may seek to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts that also qualify as counterterrorism contexts. We also identify two sets of preconditions arguably necessary for a State to anticipate and address relevant potential effects through the development and execution of its “take into account” system. Finally, we suggest three sets of attributes that a “take into account” system may need to embody to achieve its aims: utilizing a State-wide approach, focusing on potential effects, and including default principles and rules to help guide implementation. In section 6, we briefly conclude. In our view, jointly pursuing the policy objectives of countering terrorism and safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities presents several opportunities, challenges, and complexities. International law does not necessarily provide ready-made answers to all of the difficult questions in this area. Yet devising and executing a “take into account” system provides a State significant opportunities to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities and counter terrorism while securing greater respect for international law.
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Terrón-Caro, María Teresa, Rocio Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Fabiola Ortega-de-Mora, Kassia Aleksic, Sofia Bergano, Patience Biligha, Tiziana Chiappelli et al. Policy Recommendations ebook. Migrations, Gender and Inclusion from an International Perspective. Voices of Immigrant Women, Juli 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46661/rio.20220727_1.
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This publication is the third product of the Erasmus + Project entitled Voices of Immigrant Women (Project Number: 2020-1-ES01-KA203-082364). This product is based on a set of policy recommendations that provides practical guidance on intervention proposals to those with political responsibilities in governance on migration management and policies for integration and social inclusion, as well as to policy makers in the governance of training in Higher Education (University) at all levels. This is intended to promote the development of practical strategies that allow overcoming the obstacles encountered by migrant women during the integration process, favoring the construction of institutions, administrations and, ultimately, more inclusive societies. The content presented in this book proposes recommendations and intervention proposals oriented to practice to: - Improve Higher Education study plans by promoting the training of students as future active protagonists who are aware of social interventions. This will promote equity, diversity and the integration of migrant women. - Strengthen cooperation and creation of networks between academic organizations, the third sector and public administrations that are responsible for promoting the integration and inclusion of migrant women. - Promote dialogue and the exchange of knowledge to, firstly, raise awareness of human mobility and gender in Europe and, secondly, promote the participation and social, labor and civic integration of the migrant population. All this is developed through 4 areas in which this book is articulated. The first area entitled "Migrant women needs and successful integration interventions"; the second area entitled "Promoting University students awareness and civic and social responsibility towards migrant women integration"; the third area entitled "Cooperation between Higher Education institutions and third sector"; the fourth and last area, entitled "Inclusive Higher Education".
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Shearer, Matthew, Christopher Vignoles und Anneke Jessen. Suriname: Trade Sector Policy Note. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008399.
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This paper provides an overview of Suriname's trade sector and, based on an assessment of the sector's performance, presents policy recommendations, so that becomes a useful tool for improving the country's economic growth and development prospects. The paper suggests that Suriname's primary objective in this area should be to maximize the benefits and mitigate the costs of trade liberalization. To achieve this, the country should focus on eight strategic areas related to trade: defining and adopting a trade strategy, strengthening trade-related institutions, improving public-private sector coordination, enhancing the regulatory framework, improving the quality and coverage of statistics, expanding access for Surinamese products in international markets, boosting domestic supply conditions, and supporting export diversification.
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Schwan, Kaitlin, David French, Stephen Gaetz, Ashley Ward, Jennifer Akerman und Melanie Redman. Preventing youth homelessness: An international review of evidence. Wales Centre for Public Policy - Cardiff University, Oktober 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54454/20181025.
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In June 2017, the First Minster announced that he would ask the Wales Centre for Public Policy to contribute research on youth homelessness prevention. An international evidence review, and a supplementary report mapping interventions in Wales, form this contribution. This report draws upon a careful assessment of this evidence base to develop a set of recommendations to divert young people from experiences of homelessness effectively.
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Caballero, Ricardo J. Structural Volatility in Argentina: A Policy Report. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010781.
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The author identifies sources of volatility in Argentina that include weak international financial links, a recurrent credit crunch and financial underdevelopment problem, a fragile fiscal situation, and a pervasive profit and collateral squeeze mechanism brought about by a rigid labor market and exchange rate system. The paper's policy recommendations include improving external financial links, continuing and accelerating the path of domestic financial deepening, giving very high priority to the reduction of the public debt burden problem, and addressing the fundamental incompatibility between labor market rigidities and a highly inflexible exchange rate system.
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Subbarao, K. Safety Nets for Protecting the Poor: What Can We Learn from International Experience? Inter-American Development Bank, Oktober 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006749.
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This presentation discusses universal food subsidies and cash transfers as a tool to reduce poverty in the communities of Uzbekistan and Mexico. In addition, the relation between public works programs and program wage, minimum wage, and market wage are discussed with specific examples from Africa, Chile, and India. It was presented in the Poverty Reduction and Social Protection Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue at the Preparatory Meeting celebrated on October 19th and 20th, 2000 in Washington, D.C
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Pinheiro, Armando Castelar, Indermit S. Gill, Luis Servén und Mark Roland Thomas. Brazilian Economic Growth, 1900-2000: Lessons and Policy Implications. Inter-American Development Bank, Mai 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008731.
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This paper examines Brazilian economic growth as part of the project "Explaining Economic Growth Performance" launched by the Global Development Network (GDN), the purpose of which is to explain economic growth performances across seven regions of the world. According to the author of this study, a better understanding of Brazil's paradoxical growth pattern during the 20th century may not only improve policy formulation but also help generate political support for its implementation. Any proposal for deepening the reform process in Brazil will not win wide acceptance if it is not perceived to respond to a credible account of how policies that are "wrong" in 2001 appeared "right," for half of the last century. With this context in mind, this paper addresses three overarching questions. First, how did Brazil manage to grow so rapidly from 1930 to 1980 while following so many "wrong" policies? Second, why did Brazil then perform so poorly in the final two decades of the century? And third, considering developments in both the domestic and international arenas, how should current public policy priorities be set to maximize Brazil's potential sustainable growth rate? Analysis will look at the aggregate performance of the Brazilian economy in 1930-2000, it will examine micro evidence from firms and households, respectively, and determine whether these patterns are consistent with the macroeconomic observations noted in our initial analysis. The study also provides an evaluation on how should current public policy priorities be set to maximize Brazil's potential sustainable growth rate.