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Skaržauskienė, Aelita, und Monika Mačiulienė. „Mapping International Civic Technologies Platforms“. Informatics 7, Nr. 4 (21.10.2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics7040046.
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The new communication paradigm supported by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) puts end-users at the center of innovation processes, thereby shifting the emphasis from technology to people. Citizen centric approaches such as New Public Governance and Open Government in the public management research suggest that government alone cannot be responsible for creating public value. Traditional approaches to public engagement and governmental reforms remain relevant, however our research is more interested in the ability of a networked society to resolve social problems for itself, i.e., without government intervention. In seeking to gain insights into bottom up co-creation processes, this paper aims to collect and generalize information on the international civic technology platforms by focusing on three dimensions: identification of the objectives (content), classification of main stakeholder groups (actors), and definition of co-creative methods (processes). In view of a paucity of research on Civic Technologies, the content analysis will extend the understanding of this growing field and allow us to identify the patterns in their development.
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Girich, M. G., und A. Saule. „INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IMPACT ON THE REGULATION OF NATIONAL TAXI AGGREGATOR MARKETS“. International Trade and Trade Policy, Nr. 2 (23.06.2020): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2020-2-146-161.
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The development of the sharing economy has affected the change in the passenger transportation market, as online platforms for taxi services have appeared. For example, Uber Technologies plays a significant role in the market, which in 2017 won first place in the top 10 startups of the sharing economy. Currently, there are many problems that arise with the regulation of online taxi platforms. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, together with the International Transport Forum, is conducting a study of the law enforcement practices of countries regarding the regulation of online taxi platforms (or taxi aggregators), in particular, the problems of deploying the online platform for the transport of passengers and baggage by passenger taxi as a regular online platform or as a transport provider, and licensing problems for such online platforms, problems of control over obtaining permission directly by the driver, problems of vehicle safety of control over the drivers, ensure quality of service, traffic security problems and etc.
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Close, Samantha, und Cynthia Wang. „International Platforms, International Prejudice in the Platformization of Crafting“. Social Media + Society 6, Nr. 3 (Juli 2020): 205630512094069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120940691.
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The platformization of crafting in an unequal world encourages discriminatory attitudes toward ethnic Others. Imagining that the “magic circle” of a subcultural platform can insulate users from racism is deeply misguided. We examine this thesis through a mixed-methods approach combining an online survey assessing perceived experiences of racism online and willingness to communicate with people of different ethnicities, discourse analysis of crafters’ online posts, and ethnographic interviews. As the e-commerce platform Etsy allowed “manufactured goods” to be sold in their marketplace as handmade, Western crafters channel their frustrations with a broken platform economy into racist sentiment against Chinese crafters. This study explores the implications of these Orientalist sentiments as a reinforcement of Western exceptionalism around originality and creativity, and it analyzes White fragility and the assumption of Whiteness within the crafting subculture.
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LI, YANG, und Seung Ho Park. „International Penetration of Emerging Market Platforms“. Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, Nr. 1 (August 2021): 15058. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.15058abstract.
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Chigora, Farai, und Promise Zvavahera. „International Host Communities: A Positioning Platform for Zimbabwe Tourism Brand“. Business and Management Horizons 3, Nr. 2 (09.11.2015): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v3i2.8548.
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The study investigated the strength of showcasing Zimbabwe tourism destination offerings at international platforms to its tourism brand performance. This was mainly based on the fact that the Zimbabwe tourism destination authorities are investing more in selling the country’s tourism brand at international platforms but not gaining a huge mileage in positioning the brand. The study employed a mixed methods research design combing both quantitative and qualitative approaches in extracting data from respondents. An in-depth interview was employed first as a qualitative technique in order to find the most common showcasing platforms from Zimbabwe tourism brand. This was done to senior managers and experts in the Zimbabwe tourism industry. Their responses revealed the platforms as carnivals, road shows, indabas, regional magazines and international interactive websites. A quantitative research was therefore done using survey questionnaires that were distributed to foreigners and local in order to assess the most dominant platform for positioning Zimbabwe’s tourism brand. The results show that indabas are the most effective platforms to brand Zimbabwe tourism brand. This is followed by international interactive websites and regional magazines. The research recommended that internationlising brand showcasing does not yield more on its own. There is a need to start with intensive local acceptance then go regional and international.
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Lee, Hang, Yung-Chang Hsiao, Chung-Jen Chen und Ruey-Shan Guo. „Virtual vs physical platform: organizational capacity and slack, strategic decision and firm performance“. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, Nr. 12 (20.05.2020): 1983–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-07-2019-0341.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between organizational capacity, slack resource, platform strategic choice and firm performance. It also tackles the endogenous issues regarding the strategic choice of platform types. Design/methodology/approach This study uses Heckman’s two-stage procedures to examine the relationship between the variables. The sample in this study comes from Compustat annual company and segment files. The sample used in the main analysis consists of 252 individual corporations globally and 3,528 firm-year observations from 2004–2017. Findings The empirical results suggest that: (1) firms are more likely to develop physical platforms than virtual platforms when they possess higher levels of available slack, potential slack, research and development (R&D) capacity and marketing capacity; (2) in general, firms developing physical platforms perform better than firms developing virtual platforms after the endogeneity bias are controlled; and (3) firms that choose to develop physical platforms perform better than if they had chosen to develop virtual platforms. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the platform research literature by proposing the endogenous role of platform type choice in firm performance in the context of the retail industry. Prior conceptual and theoretical platform studies have seldom focused on the retail industry through a strategic choice perspective. Furthermore, one of the contributions of this study is the derivation of empirical support for the research’s prediction using data from actual firms carried out by global physical and virtual platform companies. This study also presents many opportunities for further explorations on the relationship between firm strategic choice and firm performance in the context of platform retail industry. Practical implications The findings of this study suggest that firms must realize that their performance is not necessarily affected by these platform type choice determinants in terms of potential slack, available slack, R&D capacity and marketing capacity. By contrast, they should pay more attention to developing physical platforms if it is possible. The study findings indicate that although virtual platforms have grown rapidly because of the development of technology, firm performance is at all times superior when firms choose to develop physical platforms. Originality/value Prior platform studies have focused on the topic of network structure, platform architecture, pricing strategy, platform leadership and platform design and governance within the context of video game industry, software industry, hardware industry and telecommunications industry. Seldom of them focus on other industries through a strategic choice perspective. Furthermore, one of the contributions of this study is the derivation of empirical support for the research’s prediction using data from actual firms carried out by global physical and virtual platform companies.
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Denisova, A. I., O. M. Pisareva und S. A. Suyazova. „Analysis of international practice in the development and implementation of public administration digital platforms“. E-Management 3, Nr. 3 (20.11.2020): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2020-3-3-34-44.
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Implementation of the task of creating a digital platform for a full-featured system of information and analytical support for public administration at the federal, regional and municipal levels, requires a lot of resources and serious expertise.In this regard, the subject of the study was the experience and trends in the construction and operation of digital platforms for state and public administration. The aim of the paper was to summarize the international practice of creating, operating and developing digital public administration platforms. As part of the study, the authors carry out a systematic, content and comparative analysis of various sources: regulatory documents, scientific papers, analytical materials of a number of international organizations, etc.The article presents the results of a study of world experience in the application of various tools to support e-government and support digital governance platforms. The authors describe global trends in the use of information and communication technologies to support public administration. The paper presents a list of general principles for the operation of digital platforms, gives the results of the analysis on the compliance with these principles of the state digital platform of the European Union, highlights its distinctive properties.The article forms proposals and development directions, based on the results and available studies on the development and promotion of digital management platforms, that can help accelerate the spread of digital transformation of public administration in the Russian Federation. The results of the study can be applied to identify the potential of the existing platform, its strengths and weaknesses, including in the context of the possibilities of developing the process of digital transformation of governance, as well as effectively moving towards the formation of the digital platform of public administration in the Russian Federation.
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Sosnov, T., und A. Pasko. „Online platforms in the system of modern international digital trade“. E-Management 3, Nr. 2 (29.08.2020): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2020-2-63-69.
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At the present stage of the development of international trade, online platforms have a defining impact on its development, as new business models appear, on the basis of which it becomes possible to significantly reduce marginal costs and increase productivity. The relevance of the problems investigated in the article increases as the format of international trade changes, when in a recession, new tools are needed to raise the efficiency of export-import operations between countries. The theoretical and methodological framework of the considered aspects includes foreign and domestic studies in the field of digitalization and the digital transformation of the world economy.An attempt of the conceptual justification and typology of online platforms and their significance in the international exchange system has been made in the paper. The main advantages of cross-border transaction platforms have been shown, it has been concluded that the attributes of online platforms may not be unique or specific, but it is their competent combination that often determines the intensive growth of platforms. According to authors, in the current conditions of the pandemic COVID-19, the role of online platforms in international trade is increasing, and this happens both at the national (through, for example, the growing use of delivery services) and at the international level (ensuring the operation of international payment systems, or individual components global value chains). Approaches to the global regulation of online platforms also have been considered. It has been established that the adaptation of trade policy rules developed internationally regarding the activities of online platforms plays a very important role, and one of the key aspects in this regard is the prohibition of tariffs on electronic commerce transactions. At least, this approach is followed by developed countries. However, developing countries often challenge it, pointing to the distortion of fair international competition rules as an argument.
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Sander, Barrie, und Nicholas Tsagourias. „The covid-19 Infodemic and Online Platforms as Intermediary Fiduciaries under International Law“. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 11, Nr. 2 (09.12.2020): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-01102002.
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Reflecting on the covid-19 infodemic, this paper identifies different dimensions of information disorder associated with the pandemic, examines how online platform governance has been evolving in response, and reflects on what the crisis reveals about the relationship between online platforms, international law, and the prospect of regulation. The paper argues that online platforms are intermediary fiduciaries of the international public good, and for this reason regulation should be informed by relevant standards that apply to fiduciary relationships.
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Zhang, Guo Jun. „The Architecture and Implementation for International Trade Settlement Software Design“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 2939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.2939.
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As China's reform and opening up the market, in the process of the WTO entering China, a growing number of financial institutions, enterprises, and individual funds began to internationally trade in a variety of ways. This system is based on the domestic bank of international settlement business has carried on the earnest analysis, comprehensive bank core accounting system and the peripheral system experience, on the basis of the practical demand for business bank, under the guidance of senior international business professionals in the industry and the design and development. The international settlement system adopts B/S structure, based on the J2EE platform, achieve security, flexible, support for multiple platforms.
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Rykkja, Anders, Ziaul Haque Munim und Lluis Bonet. „Varieties of cultural crowdfunding“. Baltic Journal of Management 15, Nr. 2 (17.03.2020): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-03-2019-0091.
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PurposeDue to the unique nature of the Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs), the impact of crowdfunding on them is more significant than on other industries. This study investigates the association between crowdfunding campaigns in four different categories of cultural production and each campaign promoter's decision regarding platform choice.Design/methodology/approachWe classified cultural productions according to the Cultural Enterprise Framework. We collected data from 1,465 successful, reward-based, culture crowdfunding campaigns from five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). We used binary logistic regression for estimation purposes.FindingsWe find that cultural productions with a high degree of cultural affinity are more likely to use a local platform, while cultural productions with a higher degree of complexity in production or with composite motives are more likely to use an international platform. Additionally, the funding goal and the platform's financing model affect the probability of using an international platform.Originality/valueOur finding is that there is a relationship between cultural production type and crowdfunding platform choice, and that these choices can be crucial for campaign promoters. Based on the findings and empirical setting, there is evidence that campaign promoters of cultural productions with a cultural affinity orientation may choose to use local platforms, while promoters of projects with complex production requirements or composite motives for using crowdfunding similarly may tend to opt for international platforms. We also propose a framework for the categorisation of cultural productions.
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FURUSE, TAMIO, IKUKO YAMADA und SHIGEHARU WAKANA. „International standardization of mouse-behavioral phenotyping platforms“. Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology 60, Nr. 2 (2010): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2502/janip.60.2.3.
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BODLE, ROBERT. „Assessing social network sites as international platforms“. Journal of International Communication 16, Nr. 2 (Januar 2010): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2010.9674765.
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Oguz, Fatih, Yasar Tonta, EunKyung Chung, Ezra Gbaje und Krystyna Matusiak. „International implementation of digital library software/platforms“. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 46, Nr. 1 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/meet.2009.1450460113.
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Samoilov, N. K., O. S. Shkarlat und D. A. Stepanenko. „BIG DATA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLATFORM“. Business Strategies 9, Nr. 6 (07.06.2021): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2311-7184-2021-6-194-198.
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The study examines cloud platforms, the use of Big Data in modern companies and the impact of big data on the development of digital platforms. We give concepts and comparative characteristics of the most common cloud platforms - private and public. The article defines the conditions for the effective use of platform types of doing business. We have been studied the experience of using Big Data in international and domestic companies. Based on the identified Big Data tasks, conclusions were drawn about the preferred use of private cloud platforms by large enterprises and the use of public cloud platforms by small and medium-sized enterprises. The positive and negative impact of the use of platform business models and big data analysis has been investigated. We made assumptions about the prospects for the development of private and public cloud platforms in Russia and the world.
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Smirnov, Evgeny, und Sergey Lukyanov. „Imperatives of global digital platform management“. Upravlenets 11, Nr. 4 (04.09.2020): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-4-5.
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The article critically analyses the phenomenon of global digital platforms, which have become key actors in the international movement of factors of production and studies the approaches to their management. The methodological basis of the research includes the main provisions of the emerging theory of ecosystems and digital platforms, questioning the postulates of theories of international business and strategic management. The article uses the methods of comparative, structural and system-based analysis in the context of their application for assessing digital transformation and managing global digital platforms. The study shows that universal determinants and competitive advantages of global digital platforms are the following: the ability to overcome trade barriers; providing liquidity through transactions; low marginal cost; more efficient use of assets and attraction of investments; and the ability to significantly enhance international specialization. The authors propose an approach for differentiating traditional business models and platform business models based on avoiding linear optimization of internal processes and centralized exchange of value. We establish the conceptual aspects of the expansion of global digital platforms’ business activities. This is due to the emergence of new components of the digital infrastructure that modifies the principles of international business and the administration methods of transnational corporations, which are no longer focused on location. The paper identifies the management problems and risks experienced by traditional companies when creating platforms: dependence on key platforms, increasing costs incurred in market entry, and difficulties when functioning within the lightweight asset model. The formation and development of global platforms not only affect the system of economic relations, but also stimulate changes in corporate governance models and technologies.
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Unnava, Vasu, und Ashwin Aravindakshan. „How does consumer engagement evolve when brands post across multiple social media?“ Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 49, Nr. 5 (22.05.2021): 864–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11747-021-00785-z.
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AbstractBrands allocate their social media advertising across multiple platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. Because consumers use multiple social media, brand communications on one platform could generate engagement within the same platform (direct effects) and potentially impact engagement with the brand on the other platforms (spillover effects). Additionally, past engagement with a post on a platform could sustain into the future, thereby improving the longevity of posts (carryover effects). These effects could also vary across platforms. Drawing on recent advertising literature, the authors propose and test differential carryover, spillover, and direct effects within and across social media. The empirical analysis indicates that these effects exist and are significant, supporting the propositions presented. The analysis provides generalizable guidelines to social media marketers on the effectiveness of the various platforms at sustaining a post and at creating direct and spillover effects across other platforms. Finally, the study also exemplifies a resource allocation model for brands to use when allocating their efforts across the various social media platforms to maximize both consumer engagement and the firm’s return on social media investment.
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Zou, Tianxin, und Baojun Jiang. „Integration of Primary and Resale Platforms“. Journal of Marketing Research 57, Nr. 4 (04.05.2020): 659–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243720917352.
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Consumers can buy concert tickets from primary platforms (e.g., Ticketmaster) or from consumer-to-consumer resale platforms (e.g., StubHub). Recently, Ticketmaster has entered and been trying to control the resale market by prohibiting consumers from reselling on competing resale platforms. Several states in the United States have passed or are discussing laws requiring tickets to be transferrable on any resale sites, worrying that platform integration—Ticketmaster controlling both the primary and the resale platforms—will increase ticket service fees and harm musicians and consumers. This article establishes a game-theoretic framework and shows that the opposite can happen: platform integration can lower the service fees in both markets, alleviating double marginalization in the primary market and benefiting the musician and consumers. Moreover, with platform integration, the presence of a small number of scalpers can counterintuitively reduce the ticket price and benefit the musicians and consumers. In addition, platform competition in the resale market may harm consumers. This article further shows that these insights apply in other markets (e.g. used goods, peer-to-peer product-sharing markets) and provides suggestive empirical support for the theoretical results.
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Lacan, Camille, und Pierre Desmet. „Does the crowdfunding platform matter? Risks of negative attitudes in two-sided markets“. Journal of Consumer Marketing 34, Nr. 6 (11.09.2017): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-03-2017-2126.
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Purpose Crowdfunding offers a popular means to raise donations online from many contributors. Open calls for contributions involve another actor too, namely, the internet platform that maintains the two-sided market. This paper aims to examine the effect of this intermediary on contributors’ willingness to participate in crowdfunding projects. Design/methodology/approach An online survey measures the relative effect of contributors’ attitudes towards the crowdfunding platform on two key behaviours: willingness to share word-of-mouth and willingness to participate in a project. Findings Using the theoretical framework of a two-sided market, the empirical study reveals that attitudes towards a crowdfunding platform moderate contributors’ willingness to participate due to several risk factors that affect the platform’s perceived usefulness and ease of use. These factors have negative influences on attitude towards the platform, which reduces support for the project. The effects are stronger for willingness to participate than for word-of-mouth intentions. Research limitations/implications Declarative measures and a focus on the utilitarian dimensions of contributor participation limit the external validity of the findings. Practical implications With the results of this study, internet platforms can find ways to improve the attitudes of potential contributors. Project creators can use the findings to adapt their communication campaigns and reduce inhibitions that keep contributors from using platforms. Originality/value This study advances marketing and crowdfunding literature by highlighting the potential dark side of a platform that functions as an intermediary in a two-sided market.
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Hamilton, Mitchell, Velitchka D. Kaltcheva und Andrew J. Rohm. „Hashtags and handshakes: consumer motives and platform use in brand-consumer interactions“. Journal of Consumer Marketing 33, Nr. 2 (21.03.2016): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-04-2015-1398.
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Purpose – The current increase in social media activity related to brand–consumer interactions is progressively influencing the manner in which brands and their customers communicate. Whereas this attention to social media is warranted, researchers and brand managers must also recognize that consumers connect and engage with brands across other communication platforms as well. Accordingly, this study aims to examine brand–consumer interactions taking place across social, online and physical platforms, as well as consumer motives for initiating these brand interactions across various platforms. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed-method approach integrating quantitative and qualitative data was used. We administered a written diary to 102 individuals over a two-month period, in which study participants recorded their motivations and platform use in their interactions with a brand. We evaluated latent-class mixture models for complex data and multi-level latent-class mixture models to identify classes of interactions based on participants’ motivations and platform use as well as customer segments based on the identified motives-by-platform classes. Findings – The findings reveal ten categories of motives for interacting with brands, including promotions and incentives, timely information, product information, engagement, browsing, purchase, customer service, branded content, entertainment, and personalization/exclusivity. Furthermore, six motives-by-platform interaction classes are identified. The findings suggest three consumer segments differentiated by their motives-by-platform profiles. Research limitations/implications – This study adds to past research investigating the motives behind brand–consumer interactions in social media by investigating both social media and non-social media-related interactions, and offering a typology of interaction profiles that considers interaction motives and platform preferences. Practical implications – This study illustrates that consumers are driven to interact with brands based upon the ten motive categories. These motives, in turn, are associated with different platform uses. Thus, it is important for brands to adopt ambidexterity across multiple communication platforms. Originality/value – This research adds to the understanding of brand–consumer interactions conducted on online and offline communication platforms.
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Jiang, Jialun Aaron, Morgan Klaus Scheuerman, Casey Fiesler und Jed R. Brubaker. „Understanding international perceptions of the severity of harmful content online“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 8 (27.08.2021): e0256762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256762.
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Online social media platforms constantly struggle with harmful content such as misinformation and violence, but how to effectively moderate and prioritize such content for billions of global users with different backgrounds and values presents a challenge. Through an international survey with 1,696 internet users across 8 different countries across the world, this empirical study examines how international users perceive harmful content online and the similarities and differences in their perceptions. We found that across countries, the perceived severity consistently followed an exponential growth as the harmful content became more severe, but what harmful content were perceived as more or less severe varied significantly. Our results challenge platform content moderation’s status quo of using a one-size-fits-all approach to govern international users, and provide guidance on how platforms may wish to prioritize and customize their moderation of harmful content.
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Benson-Allott, Caetlin. „On Platforms“. Film Quarterly 72, Nr. 2 (2018): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2018.72.2.71.
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Between 2014 and 2018, a cycle of artistically-ambitious and philosophically-complex scary movies have enlivened U.S. horror filmmaking. Popular with critics if not always with genre fans, these films comprise an alternative cycle to the contemporaneous conservative horror hits that are making record profits in the U.S. and abroad. The films of the current horror renaissance borrow from international genre conventions to assemble thoughtful allegories for contemporary American anger and despair. Featuring families perverted by fear or prejudice, deeply flawed heroines, and abject heroes, Creep (Patrick Brice, 2014), The Gift (Joel Edgerton, 2015), The Witch (Robert Eggers, 2015), It Comes at Night (Trey Edward Shults, 2017), and Hereditary (Ari Aster, 2018) focus on the psychological repercussions of supernatural monsters and paranormal events rather than on the extraordinary threats themselves. In this manner, they acknowledge that America's core values are corrupt and its status quo untenable.
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Berg, Janine, Miriam A. Cherry und Uma Rani. „DIGITAL LABOUR PLATFORMS: A NEED FOR INTERNATIONAL REGULATION?“ Revista de Economía Laboral 16, Nr. 2 (31.12.2019): 104–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21114/rel.2019.02.05.
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Hamidi, Foad, und Gabriela Marcu. „DIY Assistive Technology Prototyping Platforms: An International Perspective“. IEEE Pervasive Computing 18, Nr. 4 (01.10.2019): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mprv.2019.2947749.
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Vornikova, Ekaterina D. „The Role of Traditional Law Sources in the Regulation of the International Trade in Services in the Digital Economy Period“. Jurist 11 (08.10.2020): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3929-2020-11-62-68.
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The author analyzes the impact of traditional sources of law on the regulation of foreign trade in services in digital economy. The features of trade are extraterritoriality and usage of digital platforms. Taking into account these features, a significant influence of international treaties and legal custom in the studied area are revealed. The formation of «platform law» and the presence of self-regulation and dispute resolution functions in digital platforms are noted.
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Chernykh, Ekaterina A. „The Quality of Platform Employment: Unstable (Precarious) Forms, Regulatory Practices, Challenges for Russia“. Level of Life of the Population of the Regions of Russia 16, Nr. 3 (2020): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2020.16.3.7.
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Under the influence of a number of economic, technological and demographic drivers, platform employment has radically increased in the world over the past decade. The regulation of platform employment is an important issue concerning the labor market as a whole and its individual actors. Currently, regulation is provided by the platforms themselves. Such forms of regulation can lead to unfair competition between platforms, the problem of confidentiality of personal data, information asymmetry. Despite the potential of digital labor platforms in terms of providing new employment opportunities, the elements of precarious employment with the development of platforms are expanding their penetration into the sphere of labor relations. Thus, improving the quality of working life will require government intervention and labor compliance. It is necessary to create legal norms that provide basic protection for workers, transparency and equal conditions for all participants in platform employment. This is recognized by both labor market experts, labor unions, and politicians. The article analyzes the international experience in regulating digital labor platforms. The necessity of regulation of platform employment is substantiated. A number of practical recommendations relevant to the Russian Federation have been made, problem fields have been identified that require further research.
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Sharov, Sergii, Anatolii Pavlenko, Tetiana Sharova und Olga Chorna. „Analysis of Developers of Online Courses on Ukrainian Platforms of MOOC“. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 16, Nr. 05 (16.03.2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i05.18581.
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The article examines the developers of courses on Ukrainian platforms of mass open online courses Prometheus, EdEra, Open University of Maidan, their quantitative analysis in various thematic areas. It is noted that education remains the main way to acquire new knowledge and form the necessary competencies. The main advantages of open educational resources, their classification, the reasons for the growing popularity in modern society are highlighted. It was found that mass open online courses are a logical continuation of distance learning courses, have their differences and features. However, some problematic issues related to the promotion of mass open online courses that need to be addressed are considered. An analysis of the number of online courses on Ukrainian-language platforms and their thematic areas. As of March 2020, there are 235 online courses on all considered platforms. The same topics for all platforms were law, training, education, media, economics, health. It was found that the most active developers of online courses on the platform of the Open University of Maidan were public and charitable organizations. Educational online platforms and international organizations are most actively involved in the creation of online courses on the EdEra resource. On the Prometheus platform, the largest number of courses was created at the initiative of international organizations, institutions of higher and secondary education
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Heiskanen, Veijo. „Oil Platforms: Lessons of Dissensus“. Nordic Journal of International Law 74, Nr. 2 (2005): 179–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571810054929431.
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AbstractThe recent judgment of the International Court of Justice in the Case Concerning the Oil Platforms ('Oil Platforms') is a fascinating and confusing mix of formal consensus and substantive dissensus. By fourteen votes to two, the Court dismissed both the United States defence and Iran's substantive claim in the case. Yet the Court's nearly complete unanimity is belied by a considerable substantive disagreement on the reasoning leading to this outcome, as reflected in the numerous separate and dissenting opinions appended to the judgment. An analysis of these opinions reveals that the disagreement within the Court cannot be considered simply a reflection of varying judicial appreciations of law and fact; it reveals a fundamental, even philosophical disagreement relating to the very function of the Court: Is the principal function of the Court the adjudication of claims brought by States, or the settlement of disputes between States? The fundamental disagreement among the Judges on this issue seems a reflection of their training and background – between Judges trained in the common law tradition and those hailing from the civil law or similar more policy-oriented backgrounds. Apart from the jurisprudential disagreement relating to the function of the Court, the judgment also raises important issues of substantive international law, in particular those relating to the relationship between the law of peace and the law of armed conflict. The judgment testifies to the continuing validity of this distinction, despite the many attempts of international legal scholarship to move beyond this distinction to a more enlightened era of international relations.
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Gorelov, M. A., und F. I. Ereshko. „Digital platforms and modeling.“ Transaction Kola Science Centre 11, Nr. 8-2020 (16.12.2020): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.8.11.014.
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This work continues to publish authors at the VIII All-Russian Conference (with international participation) Theory and Practice of System Dynamics 2019. Various definitions and examples of digital platforms are provided. The network model and solution of the problem of decentralization of management in stochastic case is described.
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Jiang, Baojun, und Tianxin Zou. „Consumer Search and Filtering on Online Retail Platforms“. Journal of Marketing Research 57, Nr. 5 (29.06.2020): 900–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243720928367.
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This article examines how the consumer’s search cost and filtering on a retail platform affect the platform, the third-party sellers, and the consumers. The authors show that, given the platform’s percentage referral fee, a lower search cost can either increase or decrease the platform’s profit. By contrast, if the platform optimally adjusts its referral fee, a lower search cost will increase the platform’s profit. As the consumer’s search cost decreases, if the platform’s demand elasticity increases significantly, the platform should reduce its fee, potentially resulting in an all-win outcome for the platform, the sellers, and the consumers; otherwise, a lower search cost will increase the platform’s optimal fee percentage, potentially leading to higher equilibrium retail prices. Furthermore, the availability of filtering on the platform will in expectation induce consumers to search fewer products but buy products with higher match values, and filtering can either increase or decrease equilibrium retail prices. When filtering reveals only a small amount of the products’ match-value variations, it will benefit the platform, the sellers, and the consumers. This article shows that the effects of filtering and those of a decrease in search cost are qualitatively different.
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OLLEROS, F. XAVIER. „THE POWER OF NON-CONTRACTUAL INNOVATION“. International Journal of Innovation Management 11, Nr. 01 (März 2007): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919607001631.
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Currently, all major IT and telecom firms are busy trying to stimulate non-contractual complementary developments around their own core competences and offerings. But little has been done to explain the logic, strengths, and weaknesses of non-contractual innovation. The literature on open-platform leadership recognises the importance of non-contractual innovation, but only within the limited confines of a normative approach based on two implicit assumptions: that a platform's core and periphery are sharply and easily differentiated and that platforms are always grown and orchestrated from a monolithic core. Through analysis of two cases of decentralised open innovation: the emergence of video rental stores and the emergence of desktop-publishing systems. I argue that these assumptions do not apply to all open platforms. I conclude that by forcing a hierarchical framework onto the analysis, the normative approach underplays the role of non-contractual innovation and turns a blind eye to the radically self-organised and unforeseeable nature of some platforms' success.
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Winans, Thomas B., und John Seely Brown. „Moving Information Technology Platforms To The Clouds: Insights Into IT Platform Architecture Transformation“. Journal of Service Science (JSS) 2, Nr. 2 (01.12.2009): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jss.v2i2.4284.
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The Long-Term Credit Bank (LTCB) of Japan underwent a very traumatic reorganization beginning in 1998 following Japans economic collapse in 1989. The bank was beset with difficulties rooted in bad debts. Possible mergers with domestic banks were proposed, but the bank eventually was sold to an international group, which set about putting the bank back together, launching it in June 2000 as Shinsei Bank, Limited (Shinsei).
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Oriol, Nathalie, Alexandra Rufini und Dominique Torre. „Heterogeneous investors and trading platforms competition“. Journal of Risk Finance 16, Nr. 3 (18.05.2015): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-11-2014-0169.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider competition’s issues between European market firms, such as Euronext, and multilateral trading facilities, following Markets in Financial Instruments Directive’s enforcement. This new domestic competition is adding to the existing international competition among financial centers. While diversification of local trading services can improve the international competitiveness of a financial center, the fragmentation of order flows can harm its attractiveness. Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical setting analyzes the interaction between heterogeneous who experiment network externalities, and heterogeneous local trading services providers (alternative platforms and incumbent) in an international context. The authors compare two forms of organizations of the market: a consolidated market, and a fragmented market with alternative platforms – in both cases, in competition with a foreign universe. Findings – The results of this study point out the importance of the trade-off between diversification and externalities. With alternative platforms entry, enhanced competition decreases fees and redistributes informed investors between the foreign market and the domestic one. The increase of domestic platforms’ number then has more complex effects on externalities (of information and liquidity). When the liquidity externalities are low, the diversification of financial platforms increases the number of investors on domestic centers. When liquidity externalities are not negligible, despite the decrease of fees, this same diversification orientates more informed investors to the foreign center. Originality/value – This model is the first to analyze jointly the internal and international competition of trading platforms with heterogeneous investors.
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Rammal, Hussain G. „Innovation and International Entrepreneurship: Will the Digital Platform Serve All?“ International Journal of Economics, Business, and Entrepreneurship 2, Nr. 2 (23.12.2019): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/ijebe.v2i2.56.
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The link between knowledge, innovation, and technology, as understood in extant literature, tends to emphasize a digital, high-tech platform for the implementation of innovative ideas. This paper challenges this view and details why relying solely on digital platforms and innovation may not let companies reach their full potential. Using examples of frugal innovation, this paper recommends that entrepreneurs need not limit their ideas by focusing only on digital and technology-driven innovation, and to consider the infrastructure realities of the developing economies.
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Gilardi, Filippo, Celia Lam, K. Cohen Tan, Andrew White, Shuxin Cheng und Yifan Zhao. „International TV series distribution on Chinese digital platforms: Marketing strategies and audience engagement“. Global Media and China 3, Nr. 3 (September 2018): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059436418806406.
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The relationship between online media platforms in China and fan groups is a dynamic one when it comes to the distribution of international TV series and other media content, as media platforms incorporate user-generated content to encourage or foster audience engagement. Through a series of case studies, this article investigates how international TV series are acquired, distributed, marketed and curated on Chinese online video platforms. This helps to identify specific strategies and themes used by these platforms to promote international content and engage users. These marketing techniques, however, are not always as successful as expected, suggesting the need for a closer examination of the types of engagement sought by media platforms, and the ways in which Chinese audiences have responded within their cultural context.
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Löfberg, Nina, und Maria Åkesson. „Creating a service platform – how to co-create value in a remote service context“. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 33, Nr. 6 (02.07.2018): 768–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-10-2015-0202.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to further develop the construct of service platform and to clarify the definition of service platform in an industrial context. To do so, an understanding of the foundations for service platforms, based on a service perspective, is created. Design/methodology/approach The study has adopted a qualitative case study approach and builds on in-depth interviews with remote service teams in two multinational firms: one in the food processing and packaging industry and the other in the pulp and paper industry. Findings The foundations for successful service platforms consist of modularising resources, integrations and service processes to create value propositions. The value propositions could result in variations of a service or in variations of different services. When defining the concept service platform, the perspective of service needs to be made evident; therefore, the authors define service platform as: value proposition(s) consisting of a modular structure that invites to and facilitates value co-creation between resources, through integration opportunities in a continuous service process. Research limitations/implications The results are based on the perspective of two suppliers in similar industries; only remote services were studied. Firms from different types of industries and other types of services could add to the research on service modularity according to a service perspective. Moreover, information about customers and other actors’ involvement on the platform was gathered from the firms studied, no customers or other actors were interviewed. Practical implications This study shows the importance of a firm involving itself in the value creation of the customer, that is, focusing on value co-creation. This implies a close cooperation between the manufacturer and its customer – not only at a given point in time but also over a longer period of cooperation. Through the different types of modules building up the service platform, value co-creation can take place in various ways. Originality/value This study offers original empirical contributions on platforms from a service perspective. The study contributes to servitisation, service modularity and service (dominant) logic research by developing an understanding of the foundations for service platforms based on a service perspective. It also contributes to platform research more specifically by developing a definition of service platform in an industrial context.
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Nambisan, Satish, Shaker A. Zahra und Yadong Luo. „Global platforms and ecosystems: Implications for international business theories“. Journal of International Business Studies 50, Nr. 9 (19.08.2019): 1464–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00262-4.
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Koivisto, Elina, und Pekka Mattila. „International fashion trade shows as platforms for experiential branding“. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing 9, Nr. 2 (14.03.2018): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2018.1435295.
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Workman, Alexandra M., Murthy V. Kolipakam, Janis B. Sharpless, Vilma Stoss und Hans van der Veer. „International Applications of AT&T's Intelligent Network Platforms“. AT&T Technical Journal 70, Nr. 3-4 (Juni 1991): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1991.tb00353.x.
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Ahmadzia, Homa K., Elaine B. Hynds, Elizabeth Stringer, Vincenzo Berghella, Blair J. Wylie und Jorge E. Tolosa. „Virtual platforms as a vehicle to promote international collaboration“. AJOG Global Reports 1, Nr. 4 (November 2021): 100016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xagr.2021.100016.
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Nelson, Dorothy Wu, Marguerite M. Moore und Kristen K. Swanson. „Fashion and social networking: a motivations framework“. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 23, Nr. 4 (19.09.2019): 608–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-03-2018-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to add to the literature concerning potential motivations that drive social networking sites (SNS) for fashion-related behaviors among millennial consumers using a Uses and Gratifications (U&G) perspective. Four SNS platforms – Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, and Twitter – were examined. Design/methodology/approach The study presents a mixed-methods approach to develop and test a motivations framework among millennial consumers that will lead to practical understanding of both the existence of and impact of different motivations for engaging in SNS. Findings Unique motivations appear to drive use of the four examined platforms. Results indicate that a broad set of common motivations for SNS use among millennial consumers who exhibit an interest in fashion can be determined. Further, the results indicate significant differences among motivations within the respective platform types. Lastly, the results reveal common factors among three or more SNS platforms: “Fashion,” “Connection,” “Following” and “Pictures.” The ‘Entertainment’ factor was common among two SNS platforms. Research limitations/implications Limitations of the study are the limited sample and SNS selection. A broader representation of the millennial consumer behaviors would provide a more comprehensive picture of the motivations for using SNS platforms. Practical implications The study provides useful information for fashion marketers and researchers who can benefit from an updated understanding of SNS behaviors. Originality/value The study provides a relevant contribution to SNS research as well as understanding of millennial consumers. Additionally, it adds contribution to the U&G theory concerning new media platforms. It also delivers a replicable research design for other SNS platforms.
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Benson-Allott, Caetlin. „On Platforms“. Film Quarterly 71, Nr. 2 (2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2017.71.2.65.
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Women-led serials have been getting a lot of attention lately for bringing “the female gaze” to the small screen. Jill Soloway—the television auteur behind Transparent (Amazon, 2014–) and the recent adaptation of Kraus's novel, I Love Dick (Amazon, 2017–)—even taught a class on “The Female Gaze” at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2016, defining it as “an intersectional gaze” and “a SOCIOPOLITICAL justice-demanding way of art making.” But the female gaze is actually a very vexed concept. Since it was first invoked via exclusion in Laura Mulvey's foundational “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema” in 1975, it has been haphazardly defined more often by what it is not than by what it is. Three current series—I Love Dick, GLOW, and Insecure—all explore how women empower themselves through experiences of abjection: states of vexation and alienation that disrupt their expectations of or participation in social life. All three shows demand respect for their characters by figuring defeat, failure, and desperation as stages women must pass through to challenge patriarchal cultures. While all three shows feature diverse casts and strong female leads, I Love Dick and GLOW introduce characters of color only in supporting roles that contest but never destabilize the white protagonists' racial solipsism. This strategic but facile gesture reveals how far these shows have to go to confront the entangled injustices of social inequality. To incorporate the experiences and insights of women of color meaningfully, their creators would have to abandon the narrative commitments and familiar pleasures of white feminist television, which still needs to decenter whiteness both narratively and figuratively. Insecure's trenchant comedy thus provides a model for future feminist television. Its self-critical but antiracist humor challenges white feminism's and television's historic neglect of black women.
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Bazarhanova, Anar, Jesse Yli-Huumo und Kari Smolander. „From platform dominance to weakened ownership: how external regulation changed Finnish e-identification“. Electronic Markets 30, Nr. 3 (23.01.2019): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12525-019-00331-4.
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Abstract Background There is substantial interest among scholars in digital platforms and the ecosystems around them. Digital platforms are open, continuously evolving, sociotechnical structures that can be sensitive to various changes. Aim We take one-step further and investigate the post-dominance phase of platforms. The electronic identification (eID) ecosystem in Finland provides a good example of ecosystem transformation due to external changes from EU and national regulation. Method We engage in an extensive case study of a nation-wide monopolistic eID platform. We first take a retrospective view to understand the historical context and then examine in detail how an external driver leads to changes in the ecosystem. Results We explicate the platform evolution process, from a phase of dominance with centralized control structures to a more federated governance approach. We find that the introduction of intermediaries between the platform and its users contributes to a weakening of the dominant platform owners. Conclusion This finding that platforms can transform into industry infrastructures has an important implication for our understanding of the dynamics underlying digital platforms.
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Wu, Qingjun, Hao Zhang, Zhen Li und Kai Liu. „Labor control in the gig economy: Evidence from Uber in China“. Journal of Industrial Relations 61, Nr. 4 (20.08.2019): 574–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185619854472.
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The rapid development of digital platform businesses has facilitated the expansion of gig work in China and elsewhere in recent years. Now that IT-powered platforms have been used in part to free the capital from taking employer responsibilities, the capital’s toolkit for labor control has been significantly limited. Drawing on qualitative field research supplemented by quantitative data on Uber in China, this article provides a novel empirical account of the labor control of digital platforms, and more importantly, their effects on different types of workers. The authors have identified three crucial strategies that Uber has devised to control its drivers’ labor process: an incentive pay system, a customer evaluation system, and flexible work arrangements. These strategies will, however, demonstrate significant effects on drivers’ working hours and income only when we consider the different motivations of Uber drivers. Specifically, the working efforts of those who drive for Uber as their only source of income are responsive to incentive pay schemes and a platform’s evaluation system, but are not as responsive to work flexibility. The exact opposite is the case for drivers who have other jobs and sources of income.
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Nishikawa, Satoru. „Strengthening National Platforms for Effective Use of Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction“. Journal of Disaster Research 13, Nr. 7 (01.12.2018): 1199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p1199.
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The Guiding Principles of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 state that “(a) Each State has the primary responsibility to prevent and reduce disaster risk, including through international, regional, subregional, transboundary and bilateral cooperation,” and “(b) Disaster risk reduction requires that responsibilities be shared by central Governments and relevant national authorities, sectors and stakeholders, as appropriate to their national circumstances and systems of governance.” The need for a multi-sectoral national mechanism for disaster reduction was recognized during the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) 1990–2000, and the responsibility was inherited to the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR). The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 56/195, which was adopted in December 2001, called upon Governments to establish national platforms or focal points for disaster reduction. At the Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience, held in Tokyo in November 2017, a plenary session focusing on National Platforms was organized and ways for the effective integration of the knowledge and expertise available within the national science and technology community in the national disaster risk reduction activities were discussed. This paper examines how the idea of national platform for disaster reduction evolved since the beginning of IDNDR. This paper further reviews and illustrates the previous discussions on National Platforms from 2005 to 2015 as well as existing guidelines on National Platforms. Based on the discussions carried out during the Forum, five recommendations adopted by the Forum are introduced.
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Glavas, Charmaine, Shane Mathews und Rebekah Russell-Bennett. „Knowledge acquisition via internet-enabled platforms“. International Marketing Review 36, Nr. 1 (11.02.2019): 74–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-02-2017-0041.
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Purpose Technology has profoundly transformed the international business environment, particularly regarding the flow of information and the way in which knowledge is acquired and shared. Yet, the extent of this transformation is still underappreciated. The purpose of this paper is to examine how small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owner/founders acquire and utilize knowledge for internationalization via internet-enabled platforms. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis draws on multiple case study methodology to examine 13 Australian SME owner/founders and the knowledge they acquire from utilization of internet-enabled platforms. Findings The analysis reveals four differing types of internet-enabled experiences: “technical internet-enabled experiences,” “operational internet-enabled experiences,” “functional internet-enabled experiences,” and “immersive internet-enabled experiences.” The findings indicate that internet-enabled experiences can generate both explicit and tacit forms of knowledge for the pre, early and later phases of internationalization. Practical implications The findings provide a structured approach by allowing SMEs to “plot” themselves against the classification of internet-enabled experiences to denote their level of technological involvement, and for discerning the types of knowledge that can be acquired. The findings are particularly helpful for owner/founders, highlighting that internet-enabled platforms are affecting the ways in which knowledge can be acquired and applied to international businesses processes. Originality/value The findings extend the conventional notion of knowledge acquisition for international business by highlighting how information and knowledge can be acquired via internet-enabled platforms. The findings lay the necessary groundwork for building an evidence base and theoretically extending the concept of knowledge acquisition via internet-enabled platforms.
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RAAB, DOMINIC. „‘Armed Attack’ after the Oil Platforms Case“. Leiden Journal of International Law 17, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2004): 719–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156504002201.
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The International Court of Justice rendered its judgement on the merits in the case concerning Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America) on 6 November 2003. This article reviews the judgement, focusing on the Court's substantive legal determinations on the scope of ‘armed attack’ under the right of self-defence. The review further considers the implications of the judgement as regards the role of the Court in the judicial settlement of disputes. It concludes by considering the impact of the judgement on the legal framework for international peace and security as applied in the maritime context.
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Alremeihi, Mohamad, Rosemary Norman, Kayvan Pazouki, Arun Dev und Musa Bashir. „Performance of an Advanced Intelligent Control Strategy in a Dynamic Positioning (DP) System Applied to a Semisubmersible Drilling Platform“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, Nr. 4 (09.04.2021): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040399.
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Oil drilling and extraction platforms are currently being used in many offshore areas around the world. Whilst those operating in shallow seas are secured to the seabed, for deeper water operations, Dynamic Positioning (DP) is essential for the platforms to maintain their position within a safe zone. Operating DP requires intelligent and reliable control systems. Nearly all DP accidents have been caused by a combination of technical and human failures; however, according to the International Marine Contractors Association (IMCA) DP Incidents Analysis, DP control and thruster system failures have been the leading causes of incidents over the last ten years. This paper will investigate potential operational improvements for DP system accuracy by adding a Predictive Neural Network (PNN) control algorithm in the thruster allocation along with a nonlinear Proportional Integral derivative (PID) motion control system. A DP system’s performance on a drilling platform in oil and gas deep-water fields and subject to real weather conditions is simulated with these advanced control methods. The techniques are developed for enhancing the safety and reliability of DP operations to improve the positioning accuracy, which may allow faster response to a critical situation during DP drilling operations. The semisubmersible drilling platform’s simulation results using the PNN strategy show improved control of the platform’s positioning.
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Gebara, Joseph M., Dan Dolan, Stuart Pawsey, Philippe Jeanjean und Knut Dahl-Stamnes. „Assessment of Offshore Platforms Under Subsidence—Part I: Approach“. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 122, Nr. 4 (21.04.2000): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1313530.
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This is the first of four companion papers that present a comprehensive assessment of the effect of sea floor subsidence on the Valhall complex of platforms. The study has included an estimate of the increase in platform failure probability as a function of increased subsidence. Subsidence raises the effective mean still water level and increases the potential for inundation of the deck for extreme storm conditions. Deck wave slam forces generate significantly greater platform loading and lead to: (a) higher levels of structural inelastic response and increased risk of structural failure as well as (b) water reaching the cellar deck, and hence affecting operators as well as equipment. The paper focuses on addressing the first of these two issues. A structural assessment study was performed to address the significance of present and future levels of subsidence on the safety of three North Sea platforms. The study included a systematic assessment procedure that addressed each of the factors that impacted structural integrity issues and reliability concerns. Such factors included: ultimate strength analysis methodologies, tubular joint formulations, group pile effects, and soil-structure interaction, which are described in this paper, as well as deck impact force formulations (Pawsey et al., 1998, “Characterization of Environmental Loads on Subsiding Offshore Platforms,” 17th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal, July) component and system reliability modeling (Jha et al., 2000, “Assessment of Offshore Platforms Under Subsidence—Part II: Analysis and Results,” ASME J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng., 122, pp. 267–273), and acceptance criteria (Stahl et al., 1998, “Acceptance Criteria for Offshore Platforms,” 17th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal, July). This paper presents the assessment procedure, as well as the modeling approach. The paper also discusses the consequence classification of the three platforms and state-of-the-art soil mechanics techniques that lead to a significant increase in the tensile capacity of the foundation. [S0892-7219(00)00204-1]
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Bin, Hu. „The path of reflection into the world: Voices from the Guangzhou Triennial (2002‐08)1“. Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art 7, Nr. 1 (01.08.2020): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jcca_00019_1.
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Biennial and triennial exhibitions were first established in western countries, gradually becoming a well-recognized formula that came to influence non-western nations. Biennial and triennial exhibitions rose in prominence beyond western boundaries as they strove for the right to speak on the international stage. The sudden rise of biennial and triennial exhibitions in China is closely linked to these concerns. It is generally accepted that China’s biennial exhibitions first entered into the international field of vision in 2000 with the Shanghai Biennale, closely followed in 2002 by the Guangzhou Triennial, which has garnered frequent mention internationally. Viewed from a historical perspective, the themes explored by the first three editions of the Guangzhou Triennial constituted a different set of ideas regarding the international predicament of Chinese contemporary art, while the featured artists in the latter two editions were not limited to China. The backdrop for these ideas was the frequent appearance of Chinese contemporary artists on such international platforms as the Venice Biennale beginning in 1993, and the tendencies and conditions of the selections for such appearances. Chinese contemporary artists at the time were excited to gain entry to these important international platforms, but at the same time, the ways in which they were interpreted and selected gave pause for reflection. This reflection was directed not just at the artists themselves, but at the response from the critical and curatorial realms. A very important matter within this was the need for China to establish its own interpretive system and internationalized platform. Below, I will follow a chronological path in outlining the gradual progression of the Guangzhou Triennial in regard to these themes, and the connections between them.