Thematische Bibliographien / International Center for Law in Development

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „International Center for Law in Development“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 27. Juli 2024

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 29. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "International Center for Law in Development"

Et al., Otabek Narziev,. „The Perspectives of the Establishment of International Financial Centers in Uzbekistan and the Implementation of English Law“. Psychology and Education Journal 58, Nr. 1 (29.01.2021): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.749.

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In this article analyzed main notions of international financial center and its brief history, and the views of several scientists from different countries about international financial centers and its types. Moreover, it is also researched the perspectives of the establishment of international financial centers as one type of free economic zones in Uzbekistan. In addition, in this article researched the main features of common law, its implementation as a special legal regime on regulating international financial centers in Uzbekistan. As result of analyzes, it is illustrates legal, financial and other potential of establishment common law based international financial center as a type of free economic zone in Uzbekistan.

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YEUNG, Horace. „ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TAKING “100 CONCRETE STEPS”: AN OUTSIDER’S ASSESSMENT“. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND CIVIL SERVICE, Nr. 2 (30.06.2022): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2022-743.

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In this article, the author seeks to examine the economic development in Kazakhstan through the lens of his prior research about the Middle East and East/Southeast Asia. This article has a two-fold objective. Firstly, it will reflect on the wider economic reform plans in the country and considers if those fit into some existing economic theories on growth. Secondly, it will use two specific reforms as put forward by the “100 Concrete Steps” as examples of further reflection, namely establishing the Astana International Financial Center and tackling corruption. In this research, the author will employ mainly a comparative method but also supplemented by other methods such as historical approach, induction reasoning and use of pre-existing empirical evidence. In its comparison, the article will consider the experiences of other financial centers which have transplanted common law such as the Dubai International Financial Center and the lessons of Hong Kong and Singapore in successfully tackling corruption. This article contends that together with other ongoing reforms, the path of Kazakhstan seems to now prompt along the lines of a Western model of growth in which democracy, low corruption and rule of law are the emphasis, but with an understanding that it is not necessarily the only path Kazakhstan can undertake.

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Lappo, I., Ye Biriukov, O. Zhurakhov und Yu Dobryshkin. „MINE ACTION CENTER: MAIN ASPECTS OF ACTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS“. Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки 15, Nr. 1 (12.04.2023): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.15.2023.10.

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Statement of the Problem. Ukraine is one of the ten countries with the most explosive contaminated territory, and this situation tends to worsen due to the scale of military operations and the use of so-called “mine warfare” tactics. Therefore, the сreation of an effective mine action system, taking into account the needs of safe demining of the territory of Ukraine from explosive objects, is a priority task at the national level. Analysis of recent research and publications. The analysis of professional literature has shown that the issues of creating an effective mine action system, improving the regulatory framework based on international experience, problems and ways to solve humanitarian demining, and the impact of explosive hazards on the environment are in the focus of attention of the scientific community. The issue of development and improvement of the mine action system has become even more urgent and requires further development taking into account the principles of international humanitarian law and measures to minimize the danger caused by explosive hazards. The purpose of the article is to study the activities and identify promising ways of development of the Center for Mine Action in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law. In Ukraine there is an effective mine action system with clear subordination to the National Mine Action Agency. In order to implement mine action measures in practice, the Mine Action Center was established, which has an effective mine clearance quality management system, including certification of mine action operators (Certification Agency) and control of demining quality (Inspection Agency). Within the framework of international cooperation, joint projects are implemented with foreign countries, international organizations and institutions, in which the Mine Action Center is an active participant. A system of training and advanced training of the Mine Action Center’s personnel involved in demining has been implemented. Promising ways of developing mine action within the competence of the Mine Action Center include the following: expanding the scope of accreditation of the Certification Agency; improvement of normative and legal acts of mine countermeasures (amendments to existing ones and creation of new ones); increasing the effectiveness of mine action tasks by conducting applied and fundamental research within the authority of the scientific research laboratory.

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Batyrbekova, Diana, Symbat Ukin, Anar Mukasheva, Gulnara Khakimova und Guldaray Zhussupova. „The influence of the current law of the Astana International Financial Center on the development of the legal system of Kazakhstan“. Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series Physics 2024, Nr. 55 (19.12.2023): 1324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54919/physics/55.2024.132bt4.

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Relevance. The relevance of the problem under study lies in the need to study the legal system of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the functioning Astana International Financial Center (AIFC), the current law of which interacts with the current law of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Purpose. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to explore the interaction between the current law of the Astana International Financial Center and the current law of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Methodology. The method that was used to achieve the goal became systemic, functional, and hermeneutic were used as auxiliary ones.Results. The main results of this study: it was revealed that the current AIFC law and the current law of the Republic of Kazakhstan function as two independent institutions in accordance with the amendments to the Basic Law of Kazakhstan, complementing and mutually enriching each other. It is proved that the norms, principles, and precedents of the Anglo-Saxon legal system have a positive impact on the development of the legislative sphere of Kazakhstan, taking into account the national law of the Republic. An analysis is presented of how decisions and orders made on the territory of the AIFC are limited by acts of the court. The interaction and mutual influence of the current law of the Center with the system of generally binding norms of the Republic of Kazakhstan is substantiated. The theoretical aspects of the concept of the reception of law are disclosed. Also, in the course of the study, two approaches were revealed to the study of the functioning of the current law of the organization declared in the subject of the article, including the Anglo-Saxon legal system, and the system of generally binding norms of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Conclusions. The practical significance of the article lies in proving that the jurisdiction of the above organizations, in the form of court decisions, extends not only to the territory of AIFC, located within the city of Astana � where a special legal regime prevails, but also throughout the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

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Dimoska, Tatjana, und Slavica Dimoska. „SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN RIGHTS“. Knowledge International Journal 28, Nr. 5 (10.12.2018): 1585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28051585t.

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Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.Sustainable development is advanced as the answer of achieving a more equitable balance and synergic relationship between social, environmental and economic needs. It is a holistic approach that considers social, ecological and economic dimensions, recognizing that all must be considered together to find lasting prosperity. According to that, sustainable development law has been described as an intersection between three fields of international law: international environmental law, international economic law and international human rights law. In this paper the relationship between human rights and sustainable development is explored. The notion of social equity is taking into consideration when analyzing the rights – based approach to sustainable development. Social equity refers to a fair and just distribution of economic and environmental costs and benefits, community services like health care and education, the ability to participate in decision-making processes. Applying social equity means paying attention to disadvantaged group in society: women, youth and children, the elderly, indigenous groups and ethnic minorities. In considering the relationship between human rights and sustainable development, the best starting point is the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. At the center of the Agenda are the sustainable development goals (SDGs), a set of 17 goals and 169 targets across social, economic and environmental areas of sustainable development. The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development is grounded in human rights. The 17 SDGs directly or indirectly reflect human rights standards. When analyzing the human rights anchorage of each sustainable development goal and its corresponding targets, an interrelated web appears: 92% of the 169 SDGs targets are linked to international human rights instruments (such as the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), as well as other international and regional instruments and documents relating to human rights). In other words, the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development and human rights are interwoven and inextricably tied together. The respect for and enforcement of human rights is a precondition for sustainable development. That implies that without acknowledging and acting to defend the rights of people, sustainable development is not possible. On the one hand, human rights provide guidance and a legally-binding framework for tackling the multidimensional goals of the 2030 Agenda. On the other hand, the SGDs can serve as a results-oriented roadmap for the realization of human rights.

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PIAO, Xinglyu, und Xinyan YANG. „Improvement path under the dilemma of cultivating foreign-related rule of law talents in local colleges and universities“. Region - Educational Research and Reviews 5, Nr. 5 (27.12.2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/rerr.v5i5.1506.

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The cultivation of foreign-related rule of law talents in the new era has become an important topic in the field of higher education in China, and local universities play an important role in building foreign-related rule of law construction and cultivating foreign-related talents in various regions. Cultivating foreign-related legal talents not only requires an international perspective and understanding of international rules, but also needs to be based on the needs of regional economic development and cultivate foreign-related legal talents that are suitable for local development. In order to achieve this goal, the first step is to consolidate people's spiritual foundations, make accurate academic planning, integrate the law and foreign languages, and connect domestic law and international law. We should also coordinate the theory and practice as the center of the scientific construction of the foreign-related curriculum system and set up a high-quality, highly educated, and capable team of foreign-related faculty, so as to integrate the educational resources and provide a strong guarantee for the cultivation of high-quality foreign-related rule of law personnel.

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Darwazeh, Nadia. „The Jerusalem Arbitration Centre: From Tradition to Innovation“. Journal of International Arbitration 31, Issue 2 (01.04.2014): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2014008.

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The Jerusalem Arbitration Center, backed by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) was launched on 18 November 2013 after several years of reflection and hard work.Why was there a need to create this new arbitration center? The total annual volume of trade between Israelis and Palestinians is currently estimated at between USD 4 and 5 billion. However, there is significant potential for more trade in the region. To bolster economic integration, it was essential to create a neutral and efficient forum for dispute resolution. For business people on both sides who worked together on the project, as well as the ICC, the underlying idea for the project is in line with that developed by the French philosopher Montesquieu, namely that the development of trade leads to peace. The cornerstones for the development of the Center are neutrality, efficiency, and modernity. As a result, the JAC has emerged as a unique institution that is classical yet avant-garde.

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Boulos, Sonia. „Prosecuting Russia’s Crime of Aggression: A critical reflection“. Revista de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional 10, Nr. 1 (09.06.2024): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18847/1.19.11.

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Since the beginning of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, international law has become a center piece in Ukraine’s war efforts. The Hyper response of legal and other international institutions have prompted some to call these developments as the “Ukraine moment”. The term suggests that the legal response to the war represents, potentially, a transformative moment for international law in its pursuit of justice. Focusing on the crime of aggression, the aim of this article is to answer the question whether the international response to the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine symbolizes genuinely a transformative international law moment.

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Locher, Fabien. „Historicizing Elinor Ostrom: Urban Politics, International Development and Expertise in the U.S. Context (1970-1990)“. Theoretical Inquiries in Law 19, Nr. 2 (14.08.2018): 533–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2018-0027.

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Abstract The goal of this article is to write a social and political history of the now preeminent approach to the ‘commons’ institutions, by focusing on Elinor Ostrom’s contributions to its development. My methodology is that of Science and Technology Studies (STS). I focus here on the materiality of E. Ostrom and her team’s research practices (fieldwork, data collecting, indexing and analysis), on their intellectual and institutional strategies, their networking practices, how their research was funded, and their interactions with administrative and academic institutions and actors (USAID, NSF, National Academy of Sciences). I analyze the history of the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, the research center that E. Ostrom and her husband Vincent founded and animated for some 40 years at Indiana University, Bloomington. By doing so, I hope to be able to analyze the close ties between the form and content of the Ostromian theories on the commons and the main lines of tension in the U.S. society of the 1970s and 80s that saw their emergence: urban crisis and “neighborhood revolution”, increasing distrust of modernization and centralization ideals, mutations in U.S. development policies and doctrines, rise of neoliberalism.

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Krivokapić, Boris. „Significance of the Peace of Westphalia (1648) for international law“. Revija Kopaonicke skole prirodnog prava 5, Nr. 1 (2023): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/rkspp2301047k.

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The Peace of Westphalia (1648) is often cited as a turning point in the development of international law, with some believing that this law was born there, others claiming that it was then that modern or at least universal law was born, while others, giving the periodization of the development of international law, rely on Westphalian conference as an important event. The author gives a critical review of those views, proving that international law was created parallel to the emergence of the first states, that it was rather developed even before the Peace of Westphalia, that the solutions of that peace were essentially nothing really new, that these solutions were not of importance for countries outside the circle of Western European states, etc. However, he also notes that in the last few years, the essence of what is known as the so-called Westphalian system, and especially the understanding that states are sovereign and therefore equal and that intervention in the affairs of other states is prohibited. The author points out that such attitudes are often a function of the policy of demolishing the existing one and establishing some kind of new, significantly different order, in which the vast majority of states would not be sovereign and in which all power would be concentrated in only one center. He concludes that a sober criticism of the attitude that "everything started" from the Congress of Westphalia seems justified and necessary, but that one should not go to the other extreme, especially not if it is motivated by political reasons.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "International Center for Law in Development"

Randis, Justas. „Definition of investment in International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes: criterion of the contribution to the economic development of the host state“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140603_135341-71455.

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The Master Thesis are dedicated to the analysis of the interrelationship of the term „investment“ of Article 25(1) of the ICSID convention and criterion of the contribution to the development of the host state, which is argued to be part of the definition of investment. The aim of this paper is to draw a map for a legal practitioner, of ways of application and non-application of the criterion of the contribution to the development of the host state. Analysis provided in the Master Thesis explaines how and why the criterion of the contribution to the development of the host state may be applied or not applied within the three divergent approachres to the term „investment“ Article 25(1) of the ICSID convention: the subjective approach, the autonomous objective approach and the autonomous intuitive approach.
Paradoksalu, tačiau net po beveik penkiasdešimties metų sėkmingo veikimo Pasaulio banko įsteigtame tarptautiniame užsienio investicijų apsaugos režime vis dar nesutariama dėl pačios termino „investicija“ sąvokos. 1965 m. Konvencijos dėl valstybių ir kitų valstybių piliečių ginčų investicijų srityje sprendimo (toliau – ICISD konvencija) 25(1) straipsnis įtvirtina investicijos terminą kaip jurisdikcinį kriterijų, tačiau jo neapibrėžia. Tai sąlygoja skirtingą termino „investicija“ interpretavimą tarp jį taikančių arbitražinių tribūnolų. Nagrinėjant investicijos terminą įdomu tai, jog tarp įvairių šiam terminui apibrėžti taikytų kriterijų yra vienas kriterijus išsiskiriantis savo kontraversiškumu. Tai prisidėjimo prie ekonominio valstybės vystymosi kriterijus. Atsižvelgus į šį kontroversiškumą, šio baigiamojo magistro darbo tikslu tapo noras sukurti aktualų žemėlapį, kuriame atsispindėtų būdai įtraukti arba pašalinti minėtą potencialų investicijos kriterijų iš investicijos termino sąvokos.

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St, John Taylor. „The power of modest multilateralism : the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), 1964-1980“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aeca5b93-4493-4b75-9654-182a2c76e62a.

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In 1965, amid antagonism between capital-importing and capital-exporting states over investment protection, the World Bank created ICSID. ICSID facilitates the resolution of disputes between foreign investors and states. Since major initiatives to create investment rules have failed within the UN and OECD, ICSID is the only successful attempt to create a multilateral, inter-state organization dedicated to investment. This thesis probes the intellectual, political, and economic forces behind the creation and early development of ICSID. This study combines archival work, oral histories, and interviews with econometric work. On this basis, it illuminates how ICSID's creators-mainly staff in the World Bank's Legal Department-adapted their ideas to suit the charged political context. When disseminating the idea of ICSID to states, they relied on ambiguity, expertise, and incrementalism. These three characteristics constitute an approach to organization building that I term "modest multilateralism" since the World Bank's President praised ICSID as "a modest proposal." By illustrating how this approach operated in ICSID's case, I generate insights that are applicable to other international organizations. ICSID's creation differs from the expectations of institutionalist IR theory in important ways. First, there was little state leadership, and ICSID's founding Convention is devoid of substance-it merely outlines a procedure. In this way, it takes the idea of ambiguity to its extreme. Second, ICSID's founders took steps to shield the organization from the politics of investment protection: they asked states to send legal experts, not elected representatives, and avoided deliberative debate. Third, ICSID's design was explicitly evolutionary. ICSID can operate alongside changing substantive rules-multilateral, bilateral, or domestic. Finally, contrary to previous accounts, in this thesis the ICSID Secretariat emerges as a dynamic agent. The Secretariat actively pursued ratifications and advance consents to investor-state arbitration. The creation of ICSID fostered a community of practice, which subsequently redefined international investment law through treaty making and arbitral practice.

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Zulu, Nancy Mwansa. „International development law : declaratory, aspirational and positive“. Thesis, University of Buckingham, 2015. http://bear.buckingham.ac.uk/95/.

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This thesis considers the different understandings of what 'law' is and applies this to the specific area of international development law. Two central questions are addressed. Firstly, what is the basis of international development law? Put another way, in what sense can international development law be spoken of as 'real' or 'true' law? Secondly, and a precursor to the first question is the question of what is 'real' law. The following preliminary questions are also addressed: what is 'international development law'? What are the sources of international development law? Who formulates international development law? What characteristics or criteria can one use to identify law and thus identify international development law as true law? Paralleling growth of new areas of international law, and aspiring to a 'hard law', is a growing body of international development law. After World War II a distinct body of international development law emerged fostered by the newly independent countries of Africa and Asia. Despite the continued relevance of the legal aspects of the new international economic order (NIEO) debate of the 1970s, and the growing body of instruments, there is a dearth of current literature on the notion of international development law and its legal validity. This thesis addressed this gap. The questions are approached through a multiple grid of legal understandings. The thesis considers what stands as law in the positivist tradition, in the natural law or aspirational law tradition, and in the more recent tradition of legal process. Each of the types of law considered shows the different bases and varying status of international development law. Taken together, these also show the emergence of a legal structure consisting of norms, principles and rules. All this also points to increasing legalization of international development with a discernible movement towards hard law.

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Oleschak, Rekha. „The international law of development-induced displacement /“. Table on contents, 2009. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00231710.pdf.

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Addo, M. K. „The implications for some aspects of contemporary international economic law of international human rights law“. Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378354.

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Zapata, Lugo Jose Vicente. „Sustainable development : a role for international environmental law“. Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26232.

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This study portrays the vital role that sustainable development has in environmental protection. It is argued that, due to an unnecessary polarization of efforts, the success of sustainable development has been rather limited. Thus, after surveying the tension between the ecological, economic development and ethical dimensions of the concept, the author demonstrates the balancing role that international environmental law can have. Two hypotheses, the hypothesis of "concavity" and that of "convexity", are presented to contribute to a more appropriate understanding of the concept. A survey of international environmental agreements and instruments is undertaken in order to present sustainable development as a field in itself.
It is further argued that sustainable development has not succeeded in enhancing environmental protection because of the erroneous efforts made to reduce it from a field of international environmental law to a norm of international environmental law. States, communities and individuals should be more concerned with developing new and firm principles in the field of sustainable development. These principles would eventually become the new norms of international and national law and thus, the cornerstone of an era of environmental protection that does not impinge upon the development that humankind is dependent upon.

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Ellis, Jaye. „Soft law as topos : the role of principles of soft law in the development of international environmental law“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37857.

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This dissertation addresses the impact of principles of soft law on the development of international regimes for environmental protection. It focuses on three such principles that have attracted a certain degree of consensus in international environmental law and are therefore influential in international environmental regimes: namely, the principle of common but differentiated obligations; the principle of common heritage of mankind and its corollary, the principle of common concern of humankind; and the precautionary principle. The regimes analysed are the Antarctic regime, the regime for control of trade in endangered species, the regime for protection of the stratospheric ozone layer, and the emerging regime governing conservation and management of straddling fish stocks. It is argued that these principles influence normative development in international environmental regimes through processes of discourse in which participants, both state and non-state actors, seek to determine the rules by which their mutual relations will be governed and their common interests protected. Such discourse also connects the evolution of legal rules with a broader set of concerns relating to the interest of human communities in achieving a certain level of environmental protection. In this respect, the legal rules may be contemplated within a moral framework in which members of international society seek to determine what they ought to do with respect to global environmental protection.

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Mekonin, Abere. „Human Rights and Sustainable Development Law : Sustainabale Development Law :The Path to Sustainable Peace“. Thesis, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus School of Business and Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6568.

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This paper considers the fast changing developments and changes in relation to sustainable development law with its three pillars, and the needs of international development. The focus of the analysis is on the connection between international economic, international social and international environmental law which constitute sustainable development law at their intersection point, and will show how they can be the paths to sustainable peace. As sustainable development law is emerging as international concern, the qualitative approach of this paper will show its pillars separately and their connection under different conditions. This paper also demonstrates that this approach is gaining ground in the literature, and it contends that it is a more appropriate way of addressing the problems of economic, social and environmental. In support of this argument, the paper looks initially how sustainable development law fits to be the path to sustainable peace within the contemporary world which is full of economic, social and environmental conflicts. Secondly, it provides a theoretical framework how sustainable development law with its pillars can lead the world to sustainable peace. Thirdly, the three pillars, (-international economic law, international social law and international environmental law-), will be elaborated in relation to their intersection and sustainable development law.

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Kazemi, Abadi Alireza. „Reaffirmation and development of customary international humanitarian law by international criminal tribunals“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reaffirmation-and-development-of-customary-international-humanitarian-law-by-international-criminal-tribunals(df866a57-9959-4706-888e-737e75e68d2b).html.

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The codifying of international humanitarian law (IHL) that began in the mid-nineteenth century has not diminished the importance of customary international humanitarian law (CIHL), at least, in filling the gaps between the needs of the victims of armed conflicts and the inadequacies of conventional law. This is fully reflected in the case-law of international criminal tribunals (ICTs) where customary law has been extensively applied in areas that are not sufficiently regulated by treaty provisions or where the parties to armed conflicts were not parties to similar treaties. This study mainly focuses on the contributions of the judicial decisions of the ICTs to the current state of CIHL. It examines how the decisions have reaffirmed certain rules of CIHL or, when applicable, how they have influenced the subsequent development of CIHL. It also seeks to analytically study the rules of IHL identified as customary in the decisions of ICTs. In the course of research, the customary definition of non-international armed conflicts (NIACs), tests for determining internationalized armed conflicts, customary content of war crimes, and their application to NIACs are discussed in greater details. It is argued that the ICTs contribute to customary rules by way of reaffirmation and development. They develop CIHL through judicial interpretation or practical application of existing laws to new cases. CIHL has the advantages of flexibility in formation and universality in application. The case-law of ICTs, however, clearly reveals that the prime advantage of CIHL is its constituent elements and the prerogative that the ICTs can exercise in identifying customary rules. The ICTs deliberately choose combinations of the elements of opinio juris and State practice to draw the rules that they consider to be suitable for protecting the victims of armed conflicts. The methodology has been occasionally criticized to be ultra vires law-making. This research shows that the methodology is still definable in the positivist views to international law-making, though they have managed to develop CIHL beyond its traditional boundaries to cover areas of IHL, such as NIACs where States have been traditionally reluctant to develop.

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Dawidowicz, Martin Henry. „Public law enforcement for international law : the development of third-party countermeasures“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611767.

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Bücher zum Thema "International Center for Law in Development"

Kriven'kiy, Aleksandr. The origin and development of private international law (XII-XX centuries). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1484524.

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The monograph examines the issues of the origin, formation and development of private international law (MCHP) as a science and an independent branch of law. The development of conflict (conflict of laws) law is shown starting from the XII century and ending with the beginning of the XX century, more precisely, 1917. In particular, the main historical stages of the development of the science of private international law in Europe by lawyers from Italy, France, Holland, Germany, England and Russia up to the beginning of the XX century are highlighted. The main ideas and doctrines in the science of MCHP are outlined, a number of author's provisions and conclusions regarding the covered topic are expressed, as well as proposals for the further development of the science of MCHP. It is recommended to students, masters, postgraduates and teachers of this discipline in educational organizations of professional education, to anyone who is interested in private international law.

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Sentā, Kokusai Kaihatsu. International Development Center of Japan. Tokyo, Japan: The Development Center of Japan, 1995.

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Sarkar, Rumu. International Development Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40071-2.

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Broches, Aron. Selected essays: World Bank, ICSID, and other subjects of public and private international law. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1995.

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Waart, P. J. I. M. de, 1932-, Peters Paul und Denters Erik, Hrsg. International law and development. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1988.

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Goldsmith, Andrew John. Law, security and international development. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2007.

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International Juridical Organization for Environment and Development., Hrsg. International law -- environment and development. Roma: The Organization, 1992.

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Sarkar, Ramu. Development law and international finance. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999.

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Sarkar, Rumu. Development law and international finance. 2. Aufl. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2002.

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Winfried, Lang, Hrsg. Sustainable development and international law. London: Graham & Trotman/M. Nijhoff, 1995.

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Mehr Quellen

Buchteile zum Thema "International Center for Law in Development"

Yeung, Horace, und Saleh Al-Barashdi. „Institutional Development of the Dubai International Financial Centre and the Qatar Financial Centre“. In Bank Insolvency Law in Developing Economies, 127–48. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003173984-8.

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Slašťan, Miroslav. „Recent Developments in European Private International Law under Case Law of the Court of Justice“. In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 315–35. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-14.

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Within the context of the subject of the Private International Law Section, the contribution identifies selected recent judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which indicate further developments in this area of law. The contribution will focus on the provisions for determining international jurisdiction as well as the recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions.

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Kyselovská, Tereza. „Development of EU Private International Law Rules for Intellectual Property Rights“. In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 121–37. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-6.

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The aim of this article is to analyze the development of the EU conflict of law rules for contractual and non-contractual obligations with international element concerning intellectual property rights. The main focus of the analysis is the legislative history of Rome I Regulation and Rome II Regulation and the development of respective conflict of law rules and connecting factors.

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Valdhans, Jiří. „Predictability and Flexibility in Private International Law: Allies or Enemies?“ In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 21–40. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-1.

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The chapter discusses the relationship between predictability and flexibility as the values currently expected for private international law standards. While predictability has been perceived for a long time, flexibility has been gaining momentum in the US since the 1930s and in Europe in the second half of the last century. At present, however, the demand for flexibility in the standards of private international law is expressed in all modern codifications. Therefore, the chapter also outlines the institutes through which flexible elements intended to enable to take into account individual aspects of a particular case can be incorporated to traditional predictable blind conflict-law-rules methodology.

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Bulla, Martin. „Challenges for the Future Development of the European Private International Labour Law“. In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 100–120. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-5.

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The paper addresses the evolution of the rules of the European private international labour law and identifies three key challenges that will shape the future development of this field of law and that will have to be addressed by the judiciary and/or the legislators. These challenges include: (i) the operation of the connecting factor engaging place of business, (ii) the interpretation of the escape clause and (iii) challenges resulting from the fourth industrial revolution and emergence of new working arrangements.

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Vlček, Filip. „Applicability of Rome I Regulation in International Commercial Arbitration“. In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 350–65. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-16.

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This contribution to the conference proceedings aims to describe the current views on the applicability of the Regulation on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I Regulation) in international commercial arbitration. By means of literature review, the author introduces the arguments in favour and against its binding application before the arbitral tribunals. Furthermore, the author explains the consequences of its (non)application by an example of Czech law. Finally, the author draws attention to the difficulty of the proper application of EU law in arbitration on account of the Nordsee case.

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Rozehnalová, Naděžda. „Flexibility in Approaches to Conflict-of-law Solutions – Section 24 (1) of the Private International Law Act“. In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 41–53. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-2.

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The paper deals with the question of flexibility in approaching conflict-of-law rules as a whole. The Czech Private International Law Act (adopted in 2012, in force since 1 January 2014) inclined towards the possibility of not applying the conflict-of-law rules contained in the Act itself under certain specific conditions. This represents a significant change compared to the previous regulations. The paper analyses the escape clause in section 24 (1) Czech PILA.

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Malacka, Michal. „Sharia – Conflict of Law and Culture in the European Context“. In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 54–80. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-3.

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Sharia and its conflict with the private law within the EU is one of the most current problems in the conflict of laws. In accordance with the doctrine of ordre public, a foreign law that is otherwise applicable is disregarded if its application would violate some fundamental interest, basic policy, general principle of justice, or prevailing concept of good morals in the forum state. This doctrine is used and followed by judicial procedures not only at “the old continent” but also in Islamic countries. This article shows the basic aspects of Sharia, Islamic legal tradition and the reflection of all the connected aspects in European Union private law and legislation. Some selected chapters analyse the most important differences in the legislation and judicial practice in the EU member states.

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Gandžalová, Lucia, und Nikola Pacalajová. „Centre of Main Interest (otherwise known as COMI) with Regard to the Existing Case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)“. In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 196–210. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-10.

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The centre of main interests is the key concept of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings. Its significance lies in the fact that this concept constitutes the sole determinant for establishing international jurisdiction for the opening of the main insolvency proceedings. The paper deals with the analysis of the concept of COMI, including the presentation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

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Grodl, Lukáš. „Should the Discussion on Whether Non-state Law might be Elected as the Governing Law of Contract be Silenced Forever?“ In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 81–99. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-4.

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While the extent of the choice of law governing the cross-border contract is subjected to positive law, in the European Union being the Rome I Regulation, some always argued for expanded party autonomy regarding the non-state law. The European Commission proposed the incorporation of such in Rome I Regulation, but it has been ultimately rejected. This article considers the European development, debates whether discussion on non-state law being allowed as the governing law to a cross-border contract is still vital and provides an answer whether discussion on such should be ended or not.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "International Center for Law in Development"

O. Magalhães dos Santos, Waldeyde, João da Mata Libório Filho, Desirée Emelly Gomes Nascimento, Isabela Cristina de Miranda Gonçalves und Jacqueline de Almeida Gonçalves Sachett. „THE INFORMATICS LAW IN THE AMAZON: A BRIEF REPORT BY THE UNA-SUS AMAZON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER“. In 16th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2022.1698.

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Rowe, Amy A., Michael Borst, Thomas P. O'Connor und Emilie K. Stander. „Permeable Pavement Demonstration at the Edison Environmental Center“. In Low Impact Development International Conference (LID) 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41099(367)14.

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O’Connor, Thomas P., und Michael Borst. „Update to Permeable Pavement Research at the Edison Environmental Center“. In International Low Impact Development Conference 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480540.016.

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Belova, Gabriela, Gergana Georgieva und Anna Hristova. „THE FOREIGN INVESTORS AND NATIONALITY CONCEPT UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW“. In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.193.

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Although in the last years the international community has adopted a broad approach, the definition of foreign investors and foreign investments is still very important for the development of international investment law. The nationality of the foreign investor, whether a natural person or legal entity, sometimes is decisive, especially in front of the international jurisdictions. The paper tries to follow the examples from bilateral investment agreements as well as from multilateral instrument such as the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Convention. An important case concerning Bulgaria in past decades is also briefly discussed. The authors pay attention to some new moments re-developing the area of investment dispute settlement within the context of EU Mixed Agreements, especially after the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement.

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Hayes, A., J. Heisler, E. Laramore und M. Clar. „Lincoln Center: Integrating Innovative Stormwater Management Technology into a Mixed Use Community“. In International Low Impact Development Conference 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41009(333)40.

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Vučinić, Dejan. „DATA CENTERS AND DIGITALIZATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SERVICES“. In International scientific conference challenges and open issues of service law. Vol. 1. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of law, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxmajsko1.125v.

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The scientific and technological development of society directly affects the state organization, posing new challenges both in terms of its organization and way of working, as well as in terms of the role and new functions it performs. Looking at the most developed countries in the world, we can see the wide application of modern information and communication technologies (ICT), which are used in the digitalization of work processes, the provision of services, but also in administrative decision-making (procedure). This directly saves time and money. Viewed chronologically, management models appear precisely as a response to the new challenges posed to management, brought about by the general development of society, and its success largely depends on the ability to keep up with social (even technical) changes. (to accept new challenges and not avoid them). In this sense, in the era of new technologies, "smart" devices and the increasingly widespread use of artificial intelligence, it is unthinkable for any organization to function without the application of new technical achievements, especially in the field of service provision. The central place in the work will be occupied by the data center, i.e. its services as a prerequisite for quality, safe and secure provision of e-services by the public administration. Data center services, which can be defined simply as hardware and software rental services (storage and data processing), include several aspects - security, legal, technical, financial, etc. which will be discussed more in appropriate places in the work. This issue is given special importance by the fact that the users of data center services are becoming more and more government bodies and organizations, which base their work operations of communication, records, storage, exchange and processing of data on modern ICT technologies, that is, on the services provided by data centers.

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Bagan, Vladislav Vladimirovich. „THE SYSTEM OF CHURCH LAW IN THE CANONICAL HERITAGE OF ARCHPRIEST MIKHAIL ALBOV“. In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference «Trends in the development of science and Global challenges» Ьу НNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP. April 2023. - Managua (Nicaragua). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230415.2023.30.96.003.

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The presented article is an analysis of the church-legal views of the Russian canonist Archpriest Mikhail Albov. Despite the creation by Father Mikhail of one of the authoritative lecture courses on church law, the legacy of MP Albov remains poorly understood. The presented article uses the historical-critical method, which allows to give an objective picture of the teaching activities and the canonical heritage of Archpriest Mikhail Albov in St. Petersburg educational institutions. Higher educational institutions of St. Petersburg in the second half of the 19th century became one of the main scientific centers for the development of the academic discipline "canon law". This article is relevant because it tries to reveal the scientific achievements of an influential pre-revolutionary canonist, undeservedly forgotten by today's academic researchers.

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Getmantsev, Konstantin, Tatyana Myasnikova, Evgeniya Atamas und Kristina Silchenko. „Urban Agglomerations as Centers of Regional Economic Development*“. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.191225.018.

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Trinkaus, Steven D. „The Application of Form-Based Zoning and Low Impact Development for the Revitalization of the Town Center of Simsbury, Connecticut“. In Low Impact Development International Conference (LID) 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41099(367)72.

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Rizani, Ummi, Taufiqulloh Taufiqulloh und Hanung Sudibyo. „Development of Project-Based Science Modules To Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills at Smk Center of Excellence Negeri 1 Adiwerna“. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, MALAPY 2022, 28 May 2022, Tegal, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-5-2022.2320450.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "International Center for Law in Development"

Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee und Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Pangyo, Republic of Korea. Inter-American Development Bank, Juni 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007011.

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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. Pangyo is a new city built from 2003 onwards near Seoul with a vision to become the Silicon Valley of Korea. Approximately 75 million USD of the development gain was allocated to smart city implementation, which took place in one shot within 3-4 years along with the city construction. Pangyo classifies its services into smart portal, facility management, security, disaster, and environment. Interesting aspects of Pangyo are the use of smart kiosk media boards for information provision and real-time management of street lights and waterworks. Key advantage of Pangyo is the low concern for investment overlap from simultaneous development of new city and smart city system, which also enabled high degree of integration of various functions in a spacious smart city operation center as well as utilization of fiber-optic network. Pangyo is currently making various attempts to generate revenue to cover maintenance cost through attracting advertisement on media boards and kiosks, and providing education contents to citizens at low charge.

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Ruse â Khan, Henning Grosse. Sustainable Development In International Intellectual Property Law. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ip_ip_20101011.

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Borrie, John, Elena Finckh und Kerstin Vignard. Increasing Transparency, Oversight and Accountability of Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. UNIDIR, Dezember 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/caap/17/wam/04.

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Armed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)—often referred to as drones—have become a prominent and sometimes controversial means of delivering lethal force in the 21st century. Yet the international community is some way from reaching consensus on how established international principles are to be interpreted and applied to the use of armed UAVs. This situation is unsatisfactory for promoting civilian protection in conflict, the maintenance of peace and security, or the rule of law. Moreover, UAVs have unique characteristics that make them particularly susceptible to misuse in comparison to other technologies, at the same time as their capabilities are growing rapidly. Taken together, these factors add up to a pressing need for further development of international understandings related to transparency, oversight and accountability in the context of UAV spread and use. Building on a prior United Nations publication in 2015, this UNIDIR study assesses the current situation and suggests ways to strengthen shared understandings of transparency, oversight and accountability to address challenges raised by armed UAVs.

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Jones, Nicole S. 2018 Impression, Pattern and Trace Evidence Symposium. RTI Press, Mai 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.cp.0006.1805.

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From January 22 to 25, 2018, RTI International, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Forensic Technology Center of Excellence (FTCoE) held the 2018 Impression, Pattern and Trace Evidence Symposium (IPTES) in Arlington, VA, to promote collaboration, enhance knowledge transfer, and share best practices and policies for the impression, pattern, and trace evidence forensic science communities. NIJ and FTCoE are committed to improving the practice of forensic science and strengthening its impact through support of research and development, rigorous technology evaluation and adoption, effective knowledge transfer and education, and comprehensive dissemination of best practices and guidelines to agencies dedicated to combating crime. The future of forensic sciences and its contribution to the public and criminal justice community is a motivating topic to gather expertise in a forum to discuss, learn, and share ideas. It’s about becoming part of an essential and historic movement as the forensic sciences continue to advance. The IPTES was specifically designed to bring together practitioners and researchers to enhance information-sharing and promote collaboration among the impression, pattern, and trace evidence analysts, law enforcement, and legal communities. The IPTES was designed to bring together practitioners and researchers to enhance information sharing and promote collaboration among impression, pattern, and trace evidence analysts, law enforcement, and legal communities. This set of proceedings comprises abstracts from workshops, general sessions, breakout sessions, and poster presentations.

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Milican, Juliet. Mapping Best Practice Guidelines in working with Civil Society Organisations. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.092.

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This report sets out to map the different guidance documents available on how to work most effectively with civil society in the delivery of international aid in ways that deepen democracy and advance the rights of marginalised or excluded groups. It includes a review of guidelines published by other key international development funders and implementors written for their own teams, an overview of guidance provided for DAC members within OECD countries and policy papers on cooperation between the state and CSOs. It looks primarily at documents produced in the last ten years, between 2011 and 2021 and includes those related to cooperation on specific issues (such as drugs policy or human rights, as well as those that deal with specific countries or regions (such as Europe or the MENA region). The majority of documents identified are written by government aid departments (eg USAID, Norad) but there are one or two produced by umbrella civil society organisations (such as Bond) or international legal think tanks (such as ICNL, the International Centre for Not for Profit Law). There was a remarkable consistency between the issues Millican addressed in the different documents although their size and length varied between outline guidance on 2 – 3 pages and a comprehensive (62 page) overview that included definitions of civil society, range of organisations, reasons for collaborating, mechanisms for financing, monitoring and ensuring accountability and challenges in and guidance on the ways in which donors might work with CSOs.

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Lewis, Dustin. Three Pathways to Secure Greater Respect for International Law concerning War Algorithms. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/wwxn5790.

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Existing and emerging applications of artificial intelligence in armed conflicts and other systems reliant upon war algorithms and data span diverse areas. Natural persons may increasingly depend upon these technologies in decisions and activities related to killing combatants, destroying enemy installations, detaining adversaries, protecting civilians, undertaking missions at sea, conferring legal advice, and configuring logistics. In intergovernmental debates on autonomous weapons, a normative impasse appears to have emerged. Some countries assert that existing law suffices, while several others call for new rules. Meanwhile, the vast majority of efforts by States to address relevant systems focus by and large on weapons, means, and methods of warfare. Partly as a result, the broad spectrum of other far-reaching applications is rarely brought into view. One normatively grounded way to help identify and address relevant issues is to elaborate pathways that States, international organizations, non-state parties to armed conflict, and others may pursue to help secure greater respect for international law. In this commentary, I elaborate on three such pathways: forming and publicly expressing positions on key legal issues, taking measures relative to their own conduct, and taking steps relative to the behavior of others. None of these pathways is sufficient in itself, and there are no doubt many others that ought to be pursued. But each of the identified tracks is arguably necessary to ensure that international law is — or becomes — fit for purpose. By forming and publicly expressing positions on relevant legal issues, international actors may help clarify existing legal parameters, pinpoint salient enduring and emerging issues, and detect areas of convergence and divergence. Elaborating legal views may also help foster greater trust among current and potential adversaries. To be sure, in recent years, States have already fashioned hundreds of statements on autonomous weapons. Yet positions on other application areas are much more difficult to find. Further, forming and publicly expressing views on legal issues that span thematic and functional areas arguably may help States and others overcome the current normative stalemate on autonomous weapons. Doing so may also help identify — and allocate due attention and resources to — additional salient thematic and functional areas. Therefore, I raise a handful of cross-domain issues for consideration. These issues touch on things like exercising human agency, reposing legally mandated evaluative decisions in natural persons, and committing to engage only in scrutable conduct. International actors may also take measures relative to their own conduct. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline several such existing measures. In doing so, I invite readers to inventory and peruse these types of steps in order to assess whether the nature or character of increasingly complex socio-technical systems reliant upon war algorithms and data may warrant revitalized commitments or adjustments to existing measures — or, perhaps, development of new ones. I outline things like enacting legislation necessary to prosecute alleged perpetrators of grave breaches, making legal advisers available to the armed forces, and taking steps to prevent abuses of the emblem. Finally, international actors may take measures relative to the conduct of others. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline some of the existing steps that other States, international organizations, and non-state parties may take to help secure respect for the law by those undertaking the conduct. These measures may include things like addressing matters of legal compliance by exerting diplomatic pressure, resorting to penal sanctions to repress violations, conditioning or refusing arms transfers, and monitoring the fate of transferred detainees. Concerning military partnerships in particular, I highlight steps such as conditioning joint operations on a partner’s compliance with the law, planning operations jointly in order to prevent violations, and opting out of specific operations if there is an expectation that the operations would violate applicable law. Some themes and commitments cut across these three pathways. Arguably, respect for the law turns in no small part on whether natural persons can and will foresee, understand, administer, and trace the components, behaviors, and effects of relevant systems. It may be advisable, moreover, to institute ongoing cross-disciplinary education and training as well as the provision of sufficient technical facilities for all relevant actors, from commanders to legal advisers to prosecutors to judges. Further, it may be prudent to establish ongoing monitoring of others’ technical capabilities. Finally, it may be warranted for relevant international actors to pledge to engage, and to call upon others to engage, only in armed-conflict-related conduct that is sufficiently attributable, discernable, and scrutable.

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Bruun, Laura, Marta Bo und Netta Goussac. Compliance with International Humanitarian Law in the Development and Use of Autonomous Weapon Systems: What does IHL Permit, Prohibit and Require? Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/dfxr3984.

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It is undisputed that the development and use of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) must comply with international humanitarian law (IHL). However, how IHL rules should be interpreted and applied in the context of AWS remains, in some respects, unclear or disputed. With a particular focus on human–machine interaction, this report aims to facilitate a deeper understanding of this issue. Informed by an in-person expert workshop that SIPRI convened in November 2022 and contributions to the international policy discussion on AWS, the report maps areas of common ground and identifies aspects that warrant further clarification concerning what key rules of IHL, particularly those guiding the conduct of hostilities, permit, prohibit and require in the development and use of AWS. In doing so, the report provides a baseline for policymakers to advance discussions around what types and uses of AWS are (or should be) prohibited or regulated under existing IHL.

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Bo, Marta, Laura Bruun und Vincent Boulanin. Retaining Human Responsibility in the Development and Use of Autonomous Weapon Systems: On Accountability for Violations of International Humanitarian Law Involving AWS. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Oktober 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ahbc1664.

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It is undisputed that humans must retain responsibility for the development and use of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) because machines cannot be held accountable for violations of international humanitarian law (IHL). However, the critical question of how, in practice, humans would be held responsible for IHL violations involving AWS has not featured strongly in the policy debate on AWS. This report aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of that very question. This report explores how the two central frameworks structuring the ascription of responsibility for IHL violations—namely the rules governing state responsibility and individual criminal responsibility—apply to the development and use of AWS. The report aims to help policymakers (a) deepen their understanding of the conditions necessary to hold states and individuals accountable for IHL violations; (b) identify issues that would make IHL violations involving AWS development and use potentially difficult to discern, scrutinize and attribute; and (c) formulate policy measures that could help uphold respect for IHL and reduce challenges to holding actors legally responsible.

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Edwards, Alix Mary. Transport for Sustainable Development: TRL’s contributions towards meeting sustainable development goals. TRL, Dezember 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/xkma6735.

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TRL’s vision for the future is of clean, efficient transport that is safe, reliable and accessible for everyone, including for countries in the global south; low- and middle-income countries. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the United Nations set out 17 goals with a multitude of targets. Many of these relate to transport, and TRL’s work directly contributes to achieve the safety and climate related transport goals. TRL is a global centre of excellence in transport and innovative mobility solutions. We have an internationally recognised team of scientists, researchers and consultants, who can provide training and upskilling to authorities and businesses throughout the global south. By working together and sharing knowledge and skills we can help to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals for safety and climate change, and help to answer some of these challenging questions.

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Adesegun, Adepeju Omotoyosi, und Eva María Sánchez Sánchez. THE FOOTPRINT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS REPERCUSSION ON INTERNATIONAL TAX. Fundación Avanza, Juli 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.60096/fundacionavanza/1452022.

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