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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Internal sales control“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Internal sales control"
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Elisia, Elisia, und Stefanus Ariyanto. „Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Pelaksanaan Audit Internal dalam Menunjang Efektifitas Pengendalian Internal Penjualan“. Binus Business Review 1, Nr. 2 (30.11.2010): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v1i2.1106.
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PT Inti Dufree Promosindo is a subsidiary of PT Sona Topas Tourism Industry, Tbk. The company is one of the biggest retail companies that sell local and imported products. This business is also called duty free shop. PT. Inti Dufree Promosindo have problems in evaluate the infuence of the effectiveness of its internal audit function towards sales internal control due to large number of sales transactions occurred. The research result shows that the auditor competence and audit process variable have low but significant influence to sales internal control effectiveness (Coefficient determination 22.7%), and so that the audit process variable that have low but significant influence to sales internal control effectiveness (Coefficient determination 36.8%). However, the combination of the two variables tested with linear regression shows that both variables simultaneously have strong influence to sales internal control effectiveness. Based on the result of multiple linier regression analysis the determination coefficient is 47, 4%. This shows that auditor competence and audit process simultaneously have a significant effect in supporting internal sales control effectiveness.
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Maya, Agustina, und Kusuma Dewi. „Analisis Pengendalian Internal Piutang Usaha Dalam Meminimalisir Piutang Tidak Tertagih“. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 8, Nr. 2 (10.08.2020): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v8i2.370.
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Credit sales are carried out by companies to attract many customers, so that the sales volume can increase compared to sales in cash. However, credit sales have several risks including uncollectible receivables. Hence, internal control of receivables is very important as receivables, in the future, must be recorded in cash flow. If there are customers who are overdue in payments or fail to settle their debts due to various reasons, the company’s operational activities will be disrupted.
The purpose of this study is to determine the internal control of trade receivables in minimizing uncollectible receivables in a company.
PT Bostinco is a manufacturing company that produces safes, filling cabinets, roll-o-pack sliding cabinets, fire doors, etc. In its regular sales practice, the company uses a credit sales system, preceded by down payment requirements based on the agreement between the seller and the customers. As credit sales made by the company will cause trade receivables, internal control is carried out to minimize the risk of uncollectible receivables.
The results of the study show that internal control of accounts receivable in minimizing uncollectible receivables runs poorly due to the findings of the original Delivery Order files that are still discharged. Moreover, the company has some VAT debt arrears which prevents it from getting the tax invoice number. Unfortunately, there is no penalty agreement for late payment despite of quite large amount of receivables.
Keywords: Internal Control of Accounts Receivable and Minimize Uncollectible Receivables
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Firmansyah, Ilham, und Udi Pramiudi. „Analisis Pengendalian Intern Atas Sistem Informasi Penjualan Terhadap Efektivitas Dan Efisiensi Penjualan PT. Enseval Putera Megatrading Tbk.“ Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 8, Nr. 1 (02.06.2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v8i1.286.
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As one form of organization, the company must have goals and objectives to be achieved. Sales accounting information system is one of the accounting information sub systems that explains how the procedures in carrying out sales activities. To realize the management of company activities effectively, efficiently, and internal controls are needed that can provide accurate and trustworthy information. To fulfill this, there are several elements which are the main characteristics of an internal control system, including; organizational structure that separates functional responsibilities appropriately, the existence of a system of authority and good bookkeeping procedures, sound practices must be carried out in carrying out the duties and functions of each section in the organization as well as the existence of an employee skill level in accordance with their responsibilities.
The results of internal control research on the sales system owned by PT. Enseval Putera Megatrading Tbk. it is quite good and adequate, which includes elements of: control environment, risk assessment, healthy practices, employees whose quality is in accordance with their responsibilities, information and communication, and monitoring. The Role of Internal Control of the sales information system in increasing sales effectiveness and efficiency is very important. The internal sales control system implemented is effective, because it reached the 2018 sales target of Rp. 21.7 trillion, and the realization of the 2018 budget of Rp. 20.6 trillion (± 94.93%) and sales volume increased. Can be seen from the increase in sales volume in 2017 amounting to Rp. 19,669,096,571,146 while in 2018 the amount of Rp. 20,604,487,293,751.
Keywords: Internal Control, Sales Information System, Sales Effectiveness and Efficiency
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Budiman, Nindy Vannesya, Herman Karamoy und Victorina Z. Tirayoh. „ANALISIS SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL ATAS PENJUALAN KREDIT PADA PT. RAJAWALI NUSINDO CABANG MANADO“. GOING CONCERN : JURNAL RISET AKUNTANSI 15, Nr. 3 (29.07.2020): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/gc.15.3.29674.2020.
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An internal control system for credit sales is needed to support the continuity operation of the company. By good internal recovery, credit sales activities can avoid the risks that cause losses. The objective of this study is to analyze the internal control system for credit sales applied at PT. Rajawali Nusindo Manado Branch and at the same time determine the system of internal control over credit sales has been well implemented by using descriptive qualitative approach. The analytical method used in this study is descriptive method which describes the results in accordance with those found directly through the process in the field. The result of PT. Rajawali Nusindo Manado Branch shows that the internal control system for credit sales is not being well protected due to a mismatch with some internal control components.
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Kustianti, Herlina. „The Influence of Accounting Information System Cash Sales and Internal Control of Sales Effectiveness“. JASa (Jurnal Akuntansi, Audit dan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi) 4, Nr. 3 (16.12.2020): 378–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36555/jasa.v4i3.1510.
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This purpose of this research is to: (1) determine the magnitude of the effect of the cash sales accounting information system on sales effectiveness. (2)determine the magnitude of the effect of internal control on sales effectiveness.The research subject was AUTO2000 Marketing Department of Toyota, the Soekarno Hatta Bandung branch and the object of research was accounting information systems and internal control and sales effectiveness. Data collection techniques used by distributing questionnaires to 35 respondents of Toyota AUTO2000 branch of Soekarno Hatta Bandung. The data obtained were then analyzed using validity test, descriptive method descriptive method, and verification method. The results of statistical testing in the accounting information system has a significant positive effect on sales effectiveness, internal control has a significant effect on sales effectiveness.
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Halim Rachmat, Radhi Abdul, Ivan Gumilar Sambas Putra und Ii Halilah. „Audit Internal dan Efektivitas Pengendalian Intern Penjualan“. Jurnal Riset Bisnis dan Investasi 3, Nr. 3 (12.01.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35697/jrbi.v3i3.940.
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Sales activity plays an important role and needs to be controlled because it affects to the revenue. Sales control requires sales analysis that reveal undesirable developments need to be corrected. Internal Auditors who are not directly involved in operational activities can, therefore, assess all activities. Internal Auditors also provides objective information regarding sales data that will be the basis for management decision making. The purpose of this study is to: determine whether the internal audit on sales activities conducted by the company has been done adequately; determine whether the internal control over sales has been implemented effectively; and determine the role of internal audit in supporting the effectiveness of internal control sales. The authors perform hypothesis testing by doing descriptive analysis and statistical analysis. Based on the results, the effectiveness of internal control can be explained by the Internal Audit role of 63.2%. Aktivitas penjualan memegang peranan penting dan perlu dikendalikan karena dari aktivitas inilah akan terbentuk pendapatan. Pengendalian penjualan memerlukan analisis aktivitas penjualan yang mengungkapkan perkembangan yang tidak diinginkan dan harus dikoreksi. Kedudukan Auditor Internal yang tidak terlibat langsung dalam aktivitas operasional memungkinkan mereka menilai semua aktivitas perusahaan. Audit Internal juga memberikan informasi yang objektif menyangkut keakuratan data penjualan yang akan dijadikan dasar pengambilan keputusan manajemen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah: pelaksanaan audit internal yang dilakukan perusahaan atas aktifitas penjualan telah terlaksana secara memadai; pengendalian intern atas penjualan telah dilaksanakan secara efektif; dan untuk mengetahui peranan audit internal dalam menunjang efektivitas pengendalian intern penjualan. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa efektivitas pengendalian internal bisa dijelaskan oleh peran Audit Internal sebesar 63,2%.
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Kiger, Jack E., und Anna M. Rose. „Internal Control Evaluation of a Restaurant: A Teaching Case“. Issues in Accounting Education 19, Nr. 2 (01.05.2004): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2004.19.2.229.
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This case provides you with an opportunity to gain an understanding of internal control in a practical setting—a restaurant. The case requires you to (1) obtain a restaurant as a client, (2) develop an understanding of the restaurant's processes for recording sales, (3) identify internal control strengths and weaknesses, and (4) explain the importance of each weakness and state how it may be eliminated. In addition, Version A of the case requires you to prepare a flowchart and write an internal control narrative, while Version B requires you to identify tests of controls. Restaurants must follow procedures to ensure that sales are recorded for all food served; otherwise, the food may be given away. Students must arrange to meet with a manager to inquire about the restaurant's internal control procedures in much the same way an auditor must meet with the management of a client.
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HARTOKO, SETIADI. „SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PADA PENJUALAN & PENERIMAAN KAS PADA PT. SUMBER PURNAMA SAKTI MOTOR LAMONGAN“. Jurnal Penelitian Teori & Terapan Akuntansi (PETA) 4, Nr. 2 (30.07.2019): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51289/peta.v4i2.404.
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ABSTRAK
Sistem akuntansi penjualan dapat digunkan dalam transaksi penjualan tunai maupun penjualan kredit dengan tujuan agar penjualan dapat dicatat dan diawasi dengan baik, sedangkan penerimaan kas digunakan untuk meminimalisir kecurangan yang kemungkinan akan terjadi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan penelitian ini merupakan metode Pengumpulan Data, Pustaka dan Deskriptif. Analisis ini meliputi system penjualan, system pembelian dan system pengendalian internal dengan hasil telah memenuhi unsur – unsur system dan pengendalian internal dengan baik dan dapat dioperasionalkan.
Kata Kunci : Sistem Informasi, Pustaka, Pengendalian Internal dan Sistem Penjualan
ABSTRACT
The sales accounting system can be used in cash sales transactions and credit sales with the aim that sales can be recorded and monitored properly, while cash receipts are used to minimize fraud that is likely to occur. The method used in writing this study is a method of Data Collection, Library and Descriptive. This analysis includes the sales system, purchasing system and internal control system with results that have met the elements of the system and internal control properly and can be operationalized
Keywords : Information System, Library, Internal Control and Sales System.
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Дмитриева und I. Dmitrieva. „Financial monitoring in the internal control system in companies“. Auditor 1, Nr. 10 (17.10.2015): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14188.
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The article covers the issues of organization of financial monitoring as an instrument of realisation of the internal control system in companies, as well as main directions of internal control of production and sales processes, privity of contract observance with counteragents.
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., SUMINI. „Management Accounting System, Internal Control of Credit Sales and Accounts Receivable Collections in Bakery Industry“. International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 9, Nr. 3 (12.09.2020): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v9i3.812.
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This study aims to analyze the management accounting system, internal control of credit sales and accounts receivable collections in bakery industry. The novelty of this paper is to find out the results of bakery industy by considering a specific topic of financial issues. Every company has a role in the provision of credit problems but one of the most efficient ways for increasing sales is the provision of credit. However, basically credit sales have considerable customer risks who are not supposed to pay on accounts or customer who are not willing to pay for some reasons. To minimize these risks regarding the provision of credit, the company manager must be careful in selecting prospective customer before approving credit sales. This bakery industry is a company engaged in production and sales of bread and pastries. Based on research conducted by the author, the author asked the question whether the procedure of credit sales of accounts receivable collection has implemented internal control or not. The research method used is a library at the research field. Based on the result of this study, it concluded that the company sales of the applicable credit are in considerable amount, but the accounts receivable collection still has a few weaknesses which allow overdue customers to proceed the purchase orders. It is preferably to customers who have an overdue to be given limitation in ordering goods.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Internal sales control"
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Hedberg, Emanuel, Lukas Hedberg und Jacob Widepalm. „Customer relationship management effekter på intern försäljningskontroll : En kvalitativ flerfallsstudie som undersöker de effekter som uppstår vid användandet av CRM på intern försäljningskontroll“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177488.
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Bakgrund: Customer Relationship Management (CRM) framkom under 1970-talet och översätts på svenska till kundrelationshantering och är en kategori av integrerade, datadrivnaprogramvarulösningar som förbättrar interaktionen och affärer med kunder. CRM-system bidrar till att hantera och upprätthålla kundrelationer. För att ett CRM-system ska fungera effektivt och bidratill en ökad lönsamhet, hitta fler relevanta kunder och behålla befintliga kunder är det vanligt att använda sig av intern försäljningskontroll. Det används för att säkerställa att de anställda gör rättsaker vid rätt tidpunkt, och syftar till att förbättra prestationen och välfärd hos säljarna. Internförsäljningskontroll ingår under system för ekonomistyrning av försäljning, även benämnt salesmanagement control systems (SMCS). Intern försäljningskontroll är utformat för att anpassa säljarens aktiviteter och handlingar till de organisatoriska målen och används som ett styrningsverktyg. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att bidra med ökad förståelse och kunskap för vilka effekter användandet avCRM har på intern försäljningskontroll (SMCS). Frågeställningarna som leder diskussionen är: 1. Hur används ett CRM-system för att effektivisera arbetet med intern försäljningskontroll? 2. Vilka effekter har CRM på ett företags interna försäljningskontroll, lönsamhet, långvarigakundrelationer och dess möjlighet till att hitta nya värdeskapande kunder? Metod: Studien har tillämpat en kvalitativ metod och forskar ur ett konstruktivistisktforskningsperspektiv. Studiens filosofiska grundantagande utgår från interpretivismen. Studiensforskningsansats består av en abduktiv ansats. Studiens design är byggd på en flerfallstudie. En flerfallstudie har realiserats med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Studiens har använt sig av en tvåstegsurval, bekvämlighetsurval och snöbollsurval. Sedermera redogör metoden för hur data gått till väga och hur den har analyserats. Kapitlet avslutar med hur studiens gått till väga med trovärdighet och etik. Slutsats: Studien har kunnat visa att användningen av CRM-system kan stödja arbetet med internförsäljningskontroll på olika sätt. CRM underlättar arbetet för att mäta prestation och kontrollera aktiviteter och fungerar som ett verktyg för prestationsuppföljning med en stark koppling till internförsäljningskontroll. Det motiveras med att försäljarnas prestationer tydligt övervakas av ledningenmed hjälp av statistik som automatiskt förs in i CRM-systemet.Background: Customer Relationship Management (CRM) emerged in the 1970s and is translated into Swedish as customer relationship management and is a category of integrated, data-drivensoftware solutions that improve interaction and business with customers. CRM systems help manageand maintain customer relationships. For a CRM system to work efficiently and contribute toincreased profitability, find more relevant customers and retain existing customers, it is common touse sales controls. It is used to ensure that employees do the right things at the right time and aims toimprove the performance and well-being of salespeople. Internal sales control is included undersystems for financial management of sales, also called sales management control systems (SMCS).Internal sales control is designed to adapt the seller's activities and actions to the organizational goalsand is used as a management tool. Purpose: The aim of the study is to contribute with increased understanding and knowledge of theeffects of the use of CRM on internal sales control (SMCS). The issues that lead the discussion are: 1. How is a CRM system used to streamline the work of internal sales control? 2. What effects does CRM have on a company's internal sales control, profitability, long-termcustomer relationships and its ability to find new value-creating customers? Methodology: The study has applied a qualitative method and research from a constructivist researchperspective. The study's philosophical basic assumption is based on interpretivism. The study'sresearch approach consists of an abductive approach. The study's design is based on a multiple casestudy. A multiple-case study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. The study has used atwo-step selection, convenience selection and snowball selection. Later, the method describes howthe data was processed and how it was analyzed. The chapter concludes with how the study proceededwith credibility and ethics. Conclusion: The study has been able to show that the use of CRM systems can support the work withinternal sales control in various ways. CRM facilitates the work of measuring performance andcontrolling activities and acts as a tool for performance monitoring with a strong connection tointernal sales control. This is justified by the fact that sales performance is clearly monitored bymanagement with the help of statistics that are automatically entered into the CRM system.
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Jazmati, Ola. „La sécurité de la formation du contrat de vente conclu sur internet : étude comparée en droit français, égyptien et syrien“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G002.
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La formation du contrat de vente sur internet s’intègre dans le cadre général de l’économie numérique. La dématérialisation suscite des interrogations juridiques relatives à la confiance que peuvent mettre les parties dans la fiabilité de la formation du contrat lors de la rencontre de l’offre et de l’acceptation. Ces réticences ont un impact négatif sur l’évolution du e-commerce. Les législations internationales ainsi que les législations française, égyptienne et syrienne prennent en compte l’importance de cette confiance. Elles adaptent leurs lois afin d’assurer la sécurité au contrat de vente dématérialisé. Elles prennent des mesures non seulement lors de la formation du contrat de vente, mais elles adoptent aussi des dispositions afin d’assurer la sécurité probatoire de ce type du contrat. Mais, les lois syrienne et égyptienne ne prennent en compte la spécificité du contrat de vente électronique qu’en matière de consommation. La particularité du e-commerce toutefois a été traitée par la doctrine égyptienne en s’inspirant à ce propos du droit civil français. Le législateur français impose des mesures lors de la formation du contrat qui sont plus strictes en matière de consommation. Dans cette thèse, sont envisagées les règles juridiques relatives à la formation du contrat de vente électronique afin d’évaluer les mesures prises par les législations qui visent à renforcer la confiance dans le contrat de vente électronique. Sont aussi analysées les règles intrinsèques et extrinsèques relatives à la preuve en matière de vente électronique afin de savoir si ces règles sont efficaces en ce qui concerne la sécurité probatoire du contratThe dematerialization of the sales contract gives rise to problems of confidence. This has a negative impact on the evolution of e-commerce. International legislation as well as French, Egyptian and Syrian legislation take into account the importance of trust in the digital economy. They adapt their laws to ensure the security of the contract of dematerialized sales. They do not take only measures when forming the sales contract, but they adopt also measures to ensure the probative security of this type of contract. Syrian and Egyptian laws consider only the specificity of the contract of electronic sales in terms of consumption. The peculiarity of e-commerce, however, has been dealt with by Egyptian doctrine, drawing inspiration from French civil law. The French legislator imposes measures during the formation of the contract that are stricter in terms of consumption. In this study, we considered the legal rules relating to the formation of the contract of electronic sales in order to evaluate the measures taken by the legislations which aim to reinforce the confidence in the electronic sales contract. We also analyzed the e-discovery rules for electronic modes of proof to determine whether these rules are effective with regard to the probative security of the contract
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Huang, Sheng-Lung, und 黃盛隆. „Internal Control of Sales Invoices :A Case of the Food andBeverage Industry“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gd69je.
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碩士南臺科技大學
會計資訊系
106
According to the tax law, a business entity has an obligation to issue uniform invoices to relevant customers when purchases are completed. However, due to the limitations of specific environmental and consumer factors, the food service industry sometimes may not be able to issue uniform invoices immediately. In this paper, we will first discuss several related behaviors such as failing to issue uniform invoices and employee frauds, then we will introduce all kinds of flaws, as well as explore a new internal control system of issuing uniform invoices by revising and integrating the use of new information systems into the current procedure. In order to reinforce the internal controls of the cycle of sales in the food industry, this study, through in-depth interviews and web surveys, aims to propose a new system.
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WU, PEI-PEI, und 吳佩珮. „The Study of Internal Control System with Application of Blockchain's Non-tamperable and Highly Usability - Take Sales and Purchasing Cycle as an Example“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37u6uh.
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碩士國立高雄科技大學
會計系
107
The Financial regulatory agencies of governments have gradually attached importance of laws and regulations related to internal control of firms. Although firms improve their internal control and audit, they cannot avoid damage to property and goodwill. Blockchain has evolved from a secure currency transaction system to become part of an ecosystem of emerging information technology, which extends to banking, insurance, financial markets, voting systems and government services. This paper applies blockchain's non-tamperable, traceable, decentralized, and other characteristics. Also combines smart contract, oracle and internet of things to proposes a combination of blockchain's non-tamperable and high usability of internal control system conceptual architecture. Thus internal control functions such as automation of internal business processes, monitoring assets and measuring business performance, not only improves internal control effectiveness but also reduces internal audit burden, reduces fraud opportunities and behaviors within the enterprise.
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Chang, Hung-Yu, und 張宏榆. „The Internal-Control Mechanism on Small-Medium Enterprises：A Case Study of the Cycle of Sales and Accounts Receivable and the Cycle of Purchase and Payment“. Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/732u6x.
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碩士國立中正大學
會計資訊與法律數位學習碩士在職專班
103
Due to the knowledge economy and fast changing business environment, most business adopts Enterprise Resource Planning and internal-control. Public listed Companies follow the “Regulation of the Establishment Internal Control Systems of Public listed Companies” to build the internal control systems. This regulations use the “Internal Control-Integrated Framework” released by Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission（COSO）in 1992 as the blueprint to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of operations, the reliability of financial reports, and the compliance of regulations. To enrich the content of the framework and provide appropriate guidelines and applications, COSO announced that the new version of the “Internal Control-Integrated Framework” has completed in May 14, 2013. According to the statistics of “Small-medium enterprises (SME) White Paper in 2014”, the number of SMEs is 1,331,182 accounting for 97.64 percent of all Enterprises in Taiwan. Owing to the restrictions of company size, industry characteristics and traditional thoughts of SME, the regulations COSO released are difficult and unrealistic to be applied in SME. It will be out of the significance if SME is forced to execute the regulations. Many of previous researches focus on large and public listed companies. In contrast, only few studies discuss the internal control system of SME. To find out the appropriate internal control system without decreasing the effectiveness and efficiency of operations is the objective of this research. The research adopts designing qualitative research and case studies to explore the internal control mechanism of SME.
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Freitas, Vanessa Cortesão de. „Auditoria Financeira - Um caso prático sobre o controlo interno no ciclo das vendas e dívidas a receber“. Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/84666.
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Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado em Contabilidade e Finanças apresentado à Faculdade de EconomiaThe power of globalization has increased the dispute between firms that compete for business opportunities worldwide. First of all, an organisations needs to define which activities it will operate, which has a more appealing market and a shortage of supply, the capacity for product disposals or to practice the necessary services in order to obtain the expected results at the end of the economic exercise.The decision about what, when and how much should be produced, it will always be prepared with the expectation of selling the entire stock, enhancing the productive capacity of the organisations. Simultaneously, the company can be encountered with the obligation of its rights fulfilment about the debts received from their clients.This project will lean on the sales cycle in the internal control methods point of view based on a company’s case of study in which are reviewed the internal control methods used by what was studied about this cycle.The audit, auditor and internal control role in the sale´s cycle and in the clients receivable debts are initially descripted. Nevertheless, this information will be able to raise questions on the procedures adopted by the organisation in study.In addition, the activity sector of the business in study is examined as well as the internal control methods used, with the purpose of guaranteeing the efficiency of the services payed and of the consequences they deliver.All things considered, a critic analysis is made to the process used in the company’s target of study and finally reported to the company. In the end it was made a reflection about the alterations impact and the auditor’s part in them.
O poder da globalização veio aumentar a competitividade entre empresas que disputam oportunidades de negócio a nível mundial. Primeiramente uma organização necessita de definir qual a atividade em que vai operar, a que possui um mercado mais apelativo e com escassez de oferta possibilitando a capacidade para escoar produto ou praticar os serviços necessários para obter os resultados esperados no final do exercício económico.A decisão sobre o que produzir, quando produzir e em que quantidades será sempre feita com a expectativa de vender todo o stock maximizando a capacidade produtiva das organizações. Em paralelo a empresa depara-se com a necessidade de cumprimento dos seus direitos em relação às dívidas a receber de clientes.Este projeto irá debruçar-se sobre o ciclo das vendas do ponto de vista das técnicas de controlo interno da auditoria utilizando uma empresa como estudo de caso onde são revistos os métodos de controlo interno utilizados aos olhos do que foi investigado sobre este ciclo.O papel da auditoria, do auditor e do controlo interno no ciclo das vendas e dívidas a receber de clientes serão inicialmente descritos, pois será esta informação que permitirá questionar os procedimentos adotados pela empresa estudada.De seguida é apresentado o setor de atividade da empresa selecionada assim como os métodos de controlo interno utilizados para garantir a eficácia dos serviços prestados e do retorno que os mesmos proporcionam.Na última parte é feita uma análise crítica ao processo utilizado na empresa alvo do estudo de caso. O mesmo é repercutido à empresa e, por fim, é feita uma reflexão sobre o impacto das alterações efetuadas e do papel do auditor nas mesmas.
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Alves, Pedro Miguel Godinho. „Sistema de controlo de presenças em salas de aulas“. Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/28761.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Internal sales control"
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FDIC, loan sales jeopardized by systems and other internal control problems: Report to the Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1991.
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FDIC, loan sales jeopardized by systems and other internal control problems: Report to the Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1991.
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Office, General Accounting. Financial management: Annual costs of Forest Service's timber sales program are not determinable. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 2001.
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Audit report, State of Oregon, Office of Educational Policy and Planning, internal control and compliance review, Salem, Oregon, February 1993. Salem, Or: The Division, 1993.
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Audit report, State of Oregon, Real Estate Agency, internal control and compliance review, Salem, Oregon, July 1, 1990, to June 30, 1992. Salem, Or: The Division, 1993.
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Audits, Oregon Division of, Hrsg. Audit report, State of Oregon, Board of Architect Examiners and Landscape Architect Board, internal control and compliance review, Salem, Oregon, July 1, 1990, toJune 30, 1992. Salem, Or: Secretary of State, Audits Division, 1993.
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Audit report, State of Oregon, Construction Contractors Board and Landscape Contractors Board, internal control and compliance review, Salem, Oregon, July 1, 1990, to June 30, 1992. Salem, Or: Secretary of State, Audits Division, 1993.
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Audits, Oregon Division of, Hrsg. Audit report, State of Oregon, Board of Engineering Examiners and Board of Geologist Examiners, internal control and compliance review, Salem, Oregon, July 1, 1990, to June 30, 1992. Salem, Or: Secretary of State, Audits Division, 1993.
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IRS seizures: Limited progress in eliminating asset management control weaknesses : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.
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IRS seizures: Limited progress in eliminating asset management control weaknesses : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Internal sales control"
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Cooke, G. Dennis, Eugene B. Welch, Angela B. Martin, Donald G. Fulmer, James B. Hyde und Garin D. Schrieve. „Effectiveness of Al, Ca, and Fe salts for control of internal phosphorus loading in shallow and deep lakes“. In Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Phosphorus in Sediments, 323–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1598-8_41.
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„Retail Sales Orders to Business Partners“. In Internal Controls Policies and Procedures, 209–12. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119203964.ch41.
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Meriç, Engin. „Suggestions for SMEs as They Emerge From Crisis Periods“. In Cases on Small Business Economics and Development During Economic Crises, 218–35. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7657-1.ch011.
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Existing financial problems of SMEs, which have an important place in the economies of countries, deepen even more in times of crisis, affecting businesses negatively and leading them to failure. In the crisis conditions, the strategies that SMEs have implemented in order to maintain their balance in their economic activities and to be successful are of critical importance. For this purpose, a method has been proposed for SMEs to determine the exit method from the crisis in the first crisis phase, which they will notice before entering the chronic crisis phase. In the proposed method, a financial check-up was planned to include 1-current assets, 3-short-term liabilities, 5-equity and production and sales strategies. In addition, as a result of the application of this proposed method periodically, SMEs' control of finance and cash flow will contribute significantly to both their protection from economic problems and their internal control systems.
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Martin, Richard. „The Script in Action“. In Policing Human Rights, 241–80. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855125.003.0008.
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This chapter examines how the public order script, explored in Chapter 6, was performed by commanders. It begins by exploring how commanders sought to sell the script to the parade and protest groups commanders sought to ‘win over’. If such groups could be won over with the PSNI’s pitch, the likelihood of disorder was greatly diminished, and commanders could better control the event. In some cases, however, the sales pitch proved unsuccessful; marchers and protestors proceeded with their own agendas. In such instances, commanders proved reluctant to intervene too forcefully, for reasons that will become clear. In two high-profile cases, the police approach to disorder has led to legal challenges, both of which reached the UK’s highest court. This introduces the second audience occasionally in receipt of the police script: the courts that must assess the internal self-application of human rights law by police. In their review of police decision-making in these cases, though, the senior judiciary have proven reluctant to interfere, showing deference to officers’ relative expertise, their access to intelligence and the exigencies of operational situations. The final section asks what role human rights law has come to play in managing the kinds of ‘trouble’ that Waddington (1994) identified over two decades ago as crucial to commanders’ decision-making.
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Goldsmith, Jack, und Tim Wu. „The Filesharing Movement“. In Who Controls the Internet? Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195152661.003.0012.
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Some people change history by accident, and Niklas Zennstrom counts as one of them. This soft-spoken and still largely unknown Swede, described by the Washington Post as a “younger, hipper version of Bill Gates,” started two small companies in the early 2000s that have already done much to change how people exchange information in the twenty-first century. His first company created a filesharing software application called “Kazaa” that was destined to become the most downloaded program in history. Millions of people used Kazaa to exchange billions of songs in open defiance of national copyright laws. This chapter chronicles the filesharing movement, in which Zennstrom and Kazaa played a big role. At its height this movement led many to believe that filesharing might upend the central role of national copyright law in the distribution of information. With the benefit of hindsight, we can now see that this was not to be. And so in part, this chapter is a sequel to chapters 5 and 6, showing again the importance of law and national government, even for filesharing—a technology designed to be impossible to control. This chapter also introduces a crucial new theme: the effect of technological change on the market and the legal system. Filesharing introduced a cheaper method of distributing music that sparked massive changes in the economics of music distribution and the behavior of consumers. These changes were a jolt to the copyright law system that seemed to many to render it irrelevant. What appeared a threat to copyright law, however, turned out simply to be the law’s hesitation and adjustment in the face of a massive battle between the recording industry, technological upstarts, and music consumers over the spoils of a better music distribution system made possible by the Internet. As the 1990s ended, the music recording industry’s mood was optimistic. A new and sturdy technology, the compact disc, anchored the best decade of sales ever. A handful of major labels, a textbook oligopoly, exercised near total control over the distribution of music. And while the industry faced considerable expenses in the development and marketing of new artists, existing music cost little to manufacture and could be sold for up to $20 per album. The recording industry was rich, powerful, well-connected in Congress, and uninterested in changing a successful business model.
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Hudson, Dr Simon, und Louise Hudson. „The Importance of Public Relations and Earned Media“. In Winter Sport Tourism. Goodfellow Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-910158-39-5-2753.
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The field of public relations (PR) is growing. In the U.S. alone, the PR industry is comprised of more than 7,000 companies bringing in estimated annual revenues of $11 billion, and offering a diverse range of services from media relations to event management (Pozin, 2014). There are many types of media available to PR specialists, and these fit into three broad categories: owned, paid, and earned media. Owned media is defined as communication channels that are within the organization’s control, such as websites, blogs, or email; while paid media refers mostly to traditional advertising, discussed in Chapter 6. Earned media, on the other hand, is generated when content receives recognition and a following outside of traditional paid advertising, often from publicity gained through editorial influence. Critically, earned media cannot be bought or owned, it can only be gained organically, hence the term ‘earned’. Since most of this earned media is gained through PR activities, this chapter will mainly focus on PR and its various techniques. PR is broader in scope than publicity, its goal being for an organization to achieve positive relationships with various audiences (publics) in order to manage effectively the organization’s image and reputation. Its publics may be external (customers, news media, the investment community, general public, government bodies) and internal (shareholders, employees). The three most important roles of PR and publicity in tourism and hospitality are maintaining a positive public presence, handling negative publicity, and enhancing the effectiveness of other promotional mix elements (Morrison, 2002). In this third role, PR paves the way for advertising, sales promotions, and personal selling by making customers more receptive to the persuasive messages of these elements. Ultimately, the difference between advertising and public relations is that public relations takes a longer, broader view of the importance of image and reputation as a corporate competitive asset and addresses more target audiences.
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Goldsmith, Jack, und Tim Wu. „Introduction: Yahoo!“ In Who Controls the Internet? Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195152661.003.0004.
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Marc Knobel is a French Jew who has devoted his life to fighting neo-Nazism, a fight that has taken him repeatedly to the Internet and American websites. In February 2000, Knobel was sitting in Paris, searching the Web for Nazi memorabilia. He went to the auction site of yahoo.com, where to his horror he saw page after page of swastika arm bands, SS daggers, concentration camp photos, and even replicas of the Zyklon B gas canisters. He had found a vast collection of Nazi mementos, for sale and easily available in France but hosted on a computer in the United States by the Internet giant Yahoo. Two years earlier, Knobel had discovered Nazi hate sites on America Online and threatened a public relations war. AOL closed the sites, and Knobel assumed that a similar threat against Yahoo would have a similar effect. He was wrong. AOL, it turned out, was atypical. Located in the Washington, D.C. suburbs, AOL had always been sensitive to public relations, politics, and the realities of government power. It was more careful than most Internet companies about keeping offensive information off its sites. Yahoo, in contrast, was a product of Silicon Valley’s 1990s bubble culture. From its origins as the hobby of Stanford graduate students Jerry Yang and David Filo, Yahoo by 2000 had grown to be the mighty “Lord of the Portals.” At the time, Yahoo was the Internet entrance point for more users than any other website, with a stock price, as 2000 began, of $475 per share. Yang, Yahoo’s billionaire leader, was confident and brash—he “liked the general definition of a yahoo: ‘rude, unsophisticated, uncouth.’” Obsessed with expanding market share, he thought government dumb, and speech restrictions dumber still. Confronted by an obscure activist complaining about hate speech and invoking French law, Yang’s company shrugged its high-tech shoulders. Mark Knobel was not impressed. On April 11, 2000, he sued Yahoo in a French court on behalf of the International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism and others. Yahoo’s auctions, he charged, violated a French law banning trafficking in Nazi goods in France.
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Cruz-Mejía, Oliverio. „Order Picking Performance in Warehouses With Multi-Item Orders“. In Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development, 443–52. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8131-4.ch026.
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Internet sales have increased exponentially in the last decade. Much of the internet sales are of physical products in urban areas that require product delivery transportation with a tight delivery lead time. With this challenge, a new type of transportation services has been developed aiming to cope with a strict control of transportation lead time. In this chapter, an internet product delivery service with customer orders that are multi-item as well as single item is simulated. The authors address specifically the mismatch between supply and demand when retailers for any reason are unable to estimate the configuration of multi-item orders. Three scenarios of demand patterns are simulated (demand as forecasted, lower than forecasted, and higher than forecasted) using discrete-event simulation to look at the effect on transportation lead time. Results show the positive effect on the mismatch between demand and resource capacity which is expressed in higher number delayed delivery orders. The excess of capacity in the product delivery supply chain has not had a positive impact on delivery time of orders.
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Subramoniam, Suresh, Mohamed Tounsi, Shehzad Khalid Ghani und K. V. Krishnankutty. „ERP and Beyond“. In Handbook of Research on Enterprise Systems, 329–45. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-859-8.ch024.
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Enterprise-wide automation has already transformed the relations among suppliers, purchasers, producers, and customers. Conventional ERP helps only to automate individual departments. It could neither integrate its back-office benefits into the front-office, nor could it establish consistent control of all business processes. Competitive pressures and globalization stresses the need for more effective, total enterprise solutions. The world class competition, modern business environment, and the availability of the Internet are the premises which stress the need for ERP. The salient features of ERP II are presented in addition to describing some of the disruptive technologies which will help reengineer ERP systems rapidly. The results of an international survey pertaining to the embedding of intelligence in the modern day ERP shows an evolutionary trend. The order placement over the Internet by a sales clerk from a remote location forms a part of this chapter to benefit the readers in understanding the functioning of an ERP system.
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Subramoniam, Suresh, Mohamed Tounsi, Shehzad Khalid Ghani und K. V. Krishnankutty. „ERP and Beyond“. In Enterprise Information Systems, 1960–74. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61692-852-0.ch811.
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Enterprise-wide automation has already transformed the relations among suppliers, purchasers, producers, and customers. Conventional ERP helps only to automate individual departments. It could neither integrate its back-office benefits into the front-office, nor could it establish consistent control of all business processes. Competitive pressures and globalization stresses the need for more effective, total enterprise solutions. The world class competition, modern business environment, and the availability of the Internet are the premises which stress the need for ERP. The salient features of ERP II are presented in addition to describing some of the disruptive technologies which will help reengineer ERP systems rapidly. The results of an international survey pertaining to the embedding of intelligence in the modern day ERP shows an evolutionary trend. The order placement over the Internet by a sales clerk from a remote location forms a part of this chapter to benefit the readers in understanding the functioning of an ERP system.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Internal sales control"
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Manurung, Elizabeth Tiur, und Greata Octo. „Internal Control Implementation in Mitigating Significant Fraud Risk to Control Sales“. In 1st International Conference on Intellectuals' Global Responsibility (ICIGR 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icigr-17.2018.68.
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Chen, Xiaoyi, und Dianping Ouyang. „Research on the Implementation of Internal Control in Enterprise Information System by Domain Analysis and Formal Methods: A Case Study of Sales Activities Internal Control Under Chinese Enterprise Environment“. In 2013 Fourth World Congress on Software Engineering (WCSE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcse.2013.31.
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Sorge, Gregory W., und James K. von der Ehe. „Development of Low NOx Capability on the Dresser Waukesha 275GL Series Engines“. In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35030.
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Dresser Waukesha’s 275GL engine family released in 2009 consists of a 214 liter (13,048 in3) 12 cylinder, and a 285 liter (17,398 in3) 16 cylinder engine derived from Waukesha’s ATGL family. These 1000 RPM engines are typically used in mechanical drive applications for natural gas compression at 2500 to 3300 kWb (3400–4500 bhp). Through market analysis and voice of customer (VOC) interviews, it was determined that lower Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) output is essential for future engine sales in North America. Meeting this requirement with a minimal impact to fuel efficiency, fuel tolerance, turndown range, and altitude capability were also desired. To meet the lower NOx requirement, combustion was improved using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling and Design of Experiments (DoE) tools. To assure the low NOx emissions were maintained throughout the desired operating regime, an NOx sensor based air/fuel ratio control system was developed. This new NOx control capability is an enhancement to the Dresser Waukesha ESM™ engine control system. The result is an engine family that consistently meets stringent 0.5 g/bhp-hr NOx levels while maintaining fuel efficiency, fuel tolerance, and turndown range. Reduced combustion pressure in the 275GL Low NOx engine has also allowed a power increase over the original 275GL engine. This paper will discuss the testing and results of this development.
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Kakoczki, Richard J., Jacob A. Brown, Paul Williams und Tim S. King. „The Cummins KTA38GC for Gas Compression: An International Effort“. In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1303.
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Cummins recognized a sales growth opportunity in the gas compression market place in 2001. Natural Gas Engine Engineering then started developing the smallest displacement engines in the product line first. These are engines in the 37 to 225 kilowatt range and were introduced successfully into the market place over the last four years. Two years ago, the next step up in horsepower, the 19 liter, inline six cylinder KTA 19GC engine at 313 kilowatt was released for production. Marketing then determined that the 450 to 670 kilowatt market was underserved and decided to develop the V12 version of the KTA 19GC, the KTA38GC, to fill this need. It was recognized early in the program that the engine needed to be simple and robust because engine uptime is at a premium in the higher horsepower segments of this market. Thus, simple, robust and proven components were chosen for the engine. The project team started with the KTA38 diesel engine. The team then added the KTA19GC power cylinder components. Next, an ignition system, air/ratio control system and an electronic integrated throttle/governor system were added. These were all “off the shelf” components. When adding these components, an emphasis was placed on simplicity, user friendliness, and self diagnostics with or without a laptop computer. The engine development team was located in Columbus, IN and Clovis, NM, the design team was located in Daventry, England (the final manufacturing location) and Columbus, IN and the analysis team in Pune, India. In addition, our lead customer and distributor, both located in Texas, were closely involved in the project and added considerably to its success. The efforts of these five locations were coordinated in Columbus, IN.
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Chiodi, Andrea, Andrea Ballarino und Francesco Airoldi. „Job Dispatching and Monitoring in an Agile Production System“. In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95476.
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An Integrated Pilot Plant (IPP) for agile production of customized footwear is discussed. Such a system integrates all the functions of an advanced shoe manufacturing company, starting from ERP/PDM, CAD/CAM till job dispatching, factory automation, supply chain management. In particular the innovative job dispatching and monitoring functionalities and tools are here presented. Such an environment specializes on the production of extremely small production batches — usually in fact they are one-pair orders. Each order is directly received from the final consumer via an Internet based Point of Sales, launched into production as-soon-as-possible, and delivered directly to destination into a personalized box. Each order is potentially different from the preceding, so the fast and automatic set-up of each machine involved in the process is a mandatory requirement for an efficient and effective production. Such a workflow imposed innovative solutions for scheduling, job dispatching, and monitoring, based on a strong integration among the various layers of the architecture: ERP/PDM to organize production requests and technological data, CAD/CAM to guarantee the coherence of geometry among the various components of a shoe, SCM/MES to coordinate the dispatching of production and technological data, internal-logistics and line-control to coordinate job-advancement, SCADA and cell automation to actually apply the transported technological information.
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Oktavia, Fitriyeni, und Bambang Pamungkas. „Internal Controls in the Sales Cycle to Minimize Risks (Case Study at PT XYZ)“. In Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Business and Economics Conference (APBEC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/apbec-18.2019.12.
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Nyborg, Rolf, und Arne Dugstad. „Flow Assurance of Wet Gas Pipelines From a Corrosion Viewpoint“. In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28294.
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In many offshore oil and gas projects under development, the pipeline costs are a considerable part of the investment and can become prohibitively high if the corrosivity of the fluid necessitates the use of corrosion resistant alloys instead of carbon steel. Development of more robust and reliable methods for internal corrosion control can increase the application range of carbon steel and therefore have a large economic impact. Corrosion control of carbon steel pipelines has traditionally often been managed by the use of corrosion inhibitors. The pH stabilization technique has been successfully used for corrosion control of several large wet gas condensate pipelines in the last few years. Precipitation of scale and salts in the pipeline and process equipment creates further challenges when formation water is produced. Different corrosion prediction models are used in the industry to assess the corrosivity of the transported fluid. An overview of the present models is given together with a link to fluid flow modeling.
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Maciel, Hyuri S., David F. Silva, Clóvis G. M. Do Nascimento und Andre L. L. Aquino. „Sistema embarcado para o controle de acesso em áreas restritas de prédios inteligentes“. In VIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Ubíqua e Pervasiva. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcup.2016.9460.
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Este trabalho apresenta um sistema embarcado para o controle de acesso em áreas restritas por intermédio da integração de reconhecimento facial e autenticação com RFID. A escolha da integração das duas soluções tem como objetivo aumentar a robustez do sistema para o controle de acesso, uma vez que o reconhecimento facial, quando concebido num sistema embarcado, é suscetível a falhas no reconhecimento e as TAGS RFIDs podem facilmente ser utilizadas por outros usuários. Esse sistema pode ser concebido facilmente em ambientes empresariais, salas de reuniões e repartições públicas e não exige a necessidade de termos o sistema conectado a Internet. Por intermédio das avaliações realizadas observamos um tempo de resposta aceitável e uma maior robustez no controle de acesso, mesmo usando técnicas simples de reconhecimento de faces.
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Al Hamidi, Yasser, Shameel Abdulla, Mahmoud El Zamli, Ihab Rizk und Nesrin Ozalp. „Design, Manufacturing and Testing of an Aperture Mechanism for a Solar Reactor“. In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54567.
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This study presents the test results of our variable aperture mechanism which allows a solar reactor to dynamically respond to the changes in incoming solar radiation. Virtual prototyping was used to check the control system implemented, while experimental testing helped us to identify the drawbacks of the mechanism and the loop holes in the control system. A comparison of variable aperture verses fixed aperture is given to show the benefits of this mechanism. Numerical methods such as Euler and the trapezoidal rule were used in modeling. Tests results show that varying aperture size saves 2.2% energy during a cloudy day and 0.3% on a sunny day. The results from these experiments have also shown that there is a slight deviation of the aperture blades from their required position (by ±0.5 mm to ±1 mm). But overall, the combination of the control system and the selected hardware along with the aperture assembly responded to the changes successfully. The results of our experimental findings and theoretical calculations showed that this variable aperture concept is able to provide more stable internal temperature inside a solar reactor compared to fixed aperture concepts.
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F. dos Santos, Cristian, Rodrigo I. G. Mejia und Tiago A. Pereira. „Projeto e Estudo de Caso da Implementação de um Controle MPC em Sistemas HVAC para Salas Limpas do itt-Chip/Unisinos“. In Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.1061.
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O presente trabalho apresenta a aplicação de uma solução de controle avançado para sistemas HVAC dedicado ao condicionamento de ar de uma sala limpa do instituto itt- Chip/Unisinos. Sistemas HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) são responsáveis por grande parcela dos custos de produção de semicondutores por conta da necessidade do controle de temperatura, umidade e pressão interna dos ambientes controlados. Por conta do grande potencial de contribuição ao mercado de semicondutores, foi desenvolvido um sistema de controle preditivo multivariável em nível de aplicação visando o atendimento das especificações de controle requeridas pelas salas limpas do instituto tecnológico. De modo a obter-se a síntese do controlador preditivo, foi realizada a caracterização dos processos psicrométricos e modelagem paramétrica a partir de ensaios de resposta. Foram desenvolvidos ensaios do comportamento servo e regulatório do controlador preditivo e a avaliação de um indicador de consumo energético (ECI) dos benefícios energéticos quando comparado com o controle PID originalmente instalado. Os resultados revelaram um bom comportamento servo e regulatório do controle MPC e uma redução no indicador de consumo energético que pode variar entre 80 e 90%, a depender da sintonia escolhida para o controle preditivo.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Internal sales control"
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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John und A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.
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Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information at the point of sale in FBOs – is feasible in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: The trial sought to establish: ease of recruitments of businesses into trials; customer response rates for in-store outcome surveys; fidelity of intervention delivery by FBO staff; sensitivity of outcome survey measures to change; and appropriateness of the chosen analytical approach. Method: Following a recruitment phase – in which one of fourteen multinational FBOs was successfully recruited – the execution of the feasibility trial involved a quasi-randomised matched-pairs clustered experiment. Each of the FBO’s ten participating branches underwent pair-wise matching, with similarity of branches judged according to four criteria: Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) score, average weekly footfall, number of staff and customer satisfaction rating. The allocation ratio for this trial was 1:1: one branch in each pair was assigned to the treatment group by a representative from the FBO, while the other continued to operate in accordance with their standard operating procedure. As a business-based feasibility trial, customers at participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were automatically enrolled in the trial. The trial was single-blind: customers at treatment branches were not aware that they were receiving an intervention. All customers who visited participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were asked to complete a short in-store survey on a tablet affixed in branches. This survey contained four outcome measures which operationalised customers’: perceptions of food safety in the FBO; trust in the FBO; self-reported confidence to ask for allergen information in future visits; and overall satisfaction with their visit. Results: Fieldwork was conducted from the 3 – 20 March 2020, with cessation occurring prematurely due to the closure of outlets following the proliferation of COVID-19. n=177 participants took part in the trial across the ten branches; however, response rates (which ranged between 0.1 - 0.8%) were likely also adversely affected by COVID-19. Intervention fidelity was an issue in this study: while compliance with delivery of the intervention was relatively high in treatment branches (78.9%), erroneous delivery in control branches was also common (46.2%). Survey data were analysed using random-intercept multilevel linear regression models (due to the nesting of customers within branches). Despite the trial’s modest sample size, there was some evidence to suggest that the intervention had a positive effect for those suffering from allergies/intolerances for the ‘trust’ (β = 1.288, p<0.01) and ‘satisfaction’ (β = 0.945, p<0.01) outcome variables. Due to singularity within the fitted linear models, hierarchical Bayes models were used to corroborate the size of these interactions. Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a fully powered clustered RCT would likely be feasible in the UK. In this case, the primary challenge in the execution of the trial was the recruitment of FBOs: despite high levels of initial interest from four chains, only one took part. However, it is likely that the proliferation of COVID-19 adversely impacted chain participation – two other FBOs withdrew during branch eligibility assessment and selection, citing COVID-19 as a barrier. COVID-19 also likely lowered the on-site survey response rate: a significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between daily survey completions and COVID-19 cases in the UK, highlighting a likely relationship between the two. Limitations: The trial was quasi-random: selection of branches, pair matching and allocation to treatment/control groups were not systematically conducted. These processes were undertaken by a representative from the FBO’s Safety and Quality Assurance team (with oversight from Kantar representatives on pair matching), as a result of the chain’s internal operational restrictions.