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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Internal environment representations“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Internal environment representations"
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Schwartz, Geoffrey. „Refining representations for L2 phonology“. Second Language Research 36, Nr. 4 (09.06.2019): 691–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658319852383.
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This article discusses the implications of phonological representation for the study of L2 speech acquisition. It is argued, on the basis of empirical findings from diverse phenomena in L2 phonology, that refined representations in which ‘segments’ have internal prosodic structure offer a more insightful view of cross-linguistic phonetic interaction than traditional phonological models. These refinements may be implemented in the Onset Prominence representational environment, in which diverse structural parses affect sub-segmental phonetic properties, transitions between segments, and the formation of prosodic boundaries.
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French, Robert M., und Elizabeth Thomas. „Why localist connectionist models are inadequate for categorization“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, Nr. 4 (August 2000): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00323354.
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Two categorization arguments pose particular problems for localist connectionist models. The internal representations of localist networks do not reflect the variability within categories in the environment, whereas networks with distributed internal representations do reflect this essential feature of categories. We provide a real biological example of perceptual categorization in the monkey that seems to require population coding (i.e., distributed internal representations).
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Byrne, Patrick, und Suzanna Becker. „A Principle for Learning Egocentric-Allocentric Transformation“. Neural Computation 20, Nr. 3 (März 2008): 709–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.10-06-361.
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Numerous single-unit recording studies have found mammalian hippocampal neurons that fire selectively for the animal's location in space, independent of its orientation. The population of such neurons, commonly known as place cells, is thought to maintain an allocentric, or orientation-independent, internal representation of the animal's location in space, as well as mediating long-term storage of spatial memories. The fact that spatial information from the environment must reach the brain via sensory receptors in an inherently egocentric, or viewpoint-dependent, fashion leads to the question of how the brain learns to transform egocentric sensory representations into allocentric ones for long-term memory storage. Additionally, if these long-term memory representations of space are to be useful in guiding motor behavior, then the reverse transformation, from allocentric to egocentric coordinates, must also be learned. We propose that orientation-invariant representations can be learned by neural circuits that follow two learning principles: minimization of reconstruction error and maximization of representational temporal inertia. Two different neural network models are presented that adhere to these learning principles, the first by direct optimization through gradient descent and the second using a more biologically realistic circuit based on the restricted Boltzmann machine (Hinton, 2002; Smolensky, 1986). Both models lead to orientation-invariant representations, with the latter demonstrating place-cell-like responses when trained on a linear track environment.
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Niebur, Ernst. „Sensorimotor contingencies do not replace internal representations, and mastery is not necessary for perception“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2001): 994–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01460110.
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Sensorimotor contingencies are certainly of great importance for perception but they are no substitute for the internal representation of perceived information. I argue that internal, non-iconic representations of perceptions must, and do, exist and that sensorimotor contingencies are an integral part of them. Further, I argue that mastery of the sensory apparatus or environment is not a prerequisite for perception and that perception is possible in the absence of any control over the perceptual process.
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Marstaller, Lars, Arend Hintze und Christoph Adami. „The Evolution of Representation in Simple Cognitive Networks“. Neural Computation 25, Nr. 8 (August 2013): 2079–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00475.
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Representations are internal models of the environment that can provide guidance to a behaving agent, even in the absence of sensory information. It is not clear how representations are developed and whether they are necessary or even essential for intelligent behavior. We argue here that the ability to represent relevant features of the environment is the expected consequence of an adaptive process, give a formal definition of representation based on information theory, and quantify it with a measure R. To measure how R changes over time, we evolve two types of networks—an artificial neural network and a network of hidden Markov gates—to solve a categorization task using a genetic algorithm. We find that the capacity to represent increases during evolutionary adaptation and that agents form representations of their environment during their lifetime. This ability allows the agents to act on sensorial inputs in the context of their acquired representations and enables complex and context-dependent behavior. We examine which concepts (features of the environment) our networks are representing, how the representations are logically encoded in the networks, and how they form as an agent behaves to solve a task. We conclude that R should be able to quantify the representations within any cognitive system and should be predictive of an agent's long-term adaptive success.
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Zbrishchak, Svetlana G. „CONCEPTUAL MANAGEMENT: COGNITIVE PROCESSES, COGNITIVE STRUCTURES, COGNITIVE STYLE“. SOFT MEASUREMENTS AND COMPUTING 7/2, Nr. 68 (2023): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/2618-9976.2023.07-2.004.
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The conceptualization of managerial activity is due to the complexity of the modern environment. The basic concepts of cognitive activity are considered: mental representations, cognitive processes, cognitive structures, cognitive style. It is shown that conceptual management is based on the concepts of "shared understanding" and "shared sensemaking", which are formed within the framework Managerial and Organizational Cognition as a model of collective perception and representation of the internal and external environment of the organization.
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Avraham, Guy, Firas Mawase, Amir Karniel, Lior Shmuelof, Opher Donchin, Ferdinando A. Mussa-Ivaldi und Ilana Nisky. „Representing delayed force feedback as a combination of current and delayed states“. Journal of Neurophysiology 118, Nr. 4 (01.10.2017): 2110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00347.2017.
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To adapt to deterministic force perturbations that depend on the current state of the hand, internal representations are formed to capture the relationships between forces experienced and motion. However, information from multiple modalities travels at different rates, resulting in intermodal delays that require compensation for these internal representations to develop. To understand how these delays are represented by the brain, we presented participants with delayed velocity-dependent force fields, i.e., forces that depend on hand velocity either 70 or 100 ms beforehand. We probed the internal representation of these delayed forces by examining the forces the participants applied to cope with the perturbations. The findings showed that for both delayed forces, the best model of internal representation consisted of a delayed velocity and current position and velocity. We show that participants relied initially on the current state, but with adaptation, the contribution of the delayed representation to adaptation increased. After adaptation, when the participants were asked to make movements with a higher velocity for which they had not previously experienced with the delayed force field, they applied forces that were consistent with current position and velocity as well as delayed velocity representations. This suggests that the sensorimotor system represents delayed force feedback using current and delayed state information and that it uses this representation when generalizing to faster movements. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The brain compensates for forces in the body and the environment to control movements, but it is unclear how it does so given the inherent delays in information transmission and processing. We examined how participants cope with delayed forces that depend on their arm velocity 70 or 100 ms beforehand. After adaptation, participants applied opposing forces that revealed a partially correct representation of the perturbation using the current and the delayed information.
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van Ede, Freek, Alexander G. Board und Anna C. Nobre. „Goal-directed and stimulus-driven selection of internal representations“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, Nr. 39 (14.09.2020): 24590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013432117.
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Adaptive behavior relies on the selection of relevant sensory information from both the external environment and internal memory representations. In understanding external selection, a classic distinction is made between voluntary (goal-directed) and involuntary (stimulus-driven) guidance of attention. We have developed a task—the anti-retrocue task—to separate and examine voluntary and involuntary guidance of attention to internal representations in visual working memory. We show that both voluntary and involuntary factors influence memory performance but do so in distinct ways. Moreover, by tracking gaze biases linked to attentional focusing in memory, we provide direct evidence for an involuntary “retro-capture” effect whereby external stimuli involuntarily trigger the selection of feature-matching internal representations. We show that stimulus-driven and goal-directed influences compete for selection in memory, and that the balance of this competition—as reflected in oculomotor signatures of internal attention—predicts the quality of ensuing memory-guided behavior. Thus, goal-directed and stimulus-driven factors together determine the fate not only of perception, but also of internal representations in working memory.
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AIBA, AKIRA, KAZUMASA YOKOTA und HIROSHI TSUDA. „HETEROGENEOUS DISTRIBUTED COOPERATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING SYSTEM HELIOS AND ITS COOPERATION MECHANISMS“. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 04, Nr. 04 (Dezember 1995): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843095000160.
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For advanced and complicated knowledge processing, we need to integrate various kinds of problem-solvers such as constraint solvers, databases, and application programs. A heterogeneous distributed cooperative problem solving system HELIOS achieves this integration by introducing capsule and environment modules. To integrate heterogeneous problem-solvers that may be implemented in different languages and may have different knowledge representations, those heterogeneity should be absorbed. Capsules and environments are introduced into HELIOS for this purpose. A capsule surrounds each problem-solver and translates the contents of communication to and from the internal representation and a common representation. We call an encapsulated problem-solver an agent. An environment is a module which provides a field giving common representation, and agents communicate and cooperate with each other in each environment. Since an encapsulated environment with its agents can be considered as an agent, agent-environment structures can be nested in HELIOS. For negotiation between agents, negotiation protocol can be defined in each environment. A negotiation strategy that suits the given negotiation protocol can be defined in each capsule of an agent. In this framework, we define a transaction-based negotiation protocol. To check the validity of HELIOS design and its implementation model on computers connected by network, we implemented an experimental version of HELIOS on UNIX workstations.
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Cobb, Paul, Erna Yackel und Terry Wood. „A Constructivist Alternative to the Representational View of Mind in Mathematics Education“. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 23, Nr. 1 (Januar 1992): 2–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.23.1.0002.
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The representational view of mind in mathematics education is evidenced by theories that characterize learning as a process in which students modify their internal mental representations to construct mathematical relationships or structures that mirror those embodied in external instructional representations. It is argued that, psychologically, this view falls prey to the learning paradox, that, anthropologically, it fails to consider the social and cultural nature of mathematical activity and that, pedagogically, it leads to recommendations that are at odds with the espoused goal of encouraging learning with understanding. These difficulties are seen to arise from the dualism created between mathematics in students' heads and mathematics in their environment. An alternative view is then outlined and illustrated that attempts to transcend this dualism by treating mathematics as both an individual, constructive activity and as a communal, social practice. It is suggested that such an approach might make it possible to explain how students construct mathematical meanings and practices that, historically, took several thousand years to evolve without attributing to students the ability to peek around their internal representations and glimpse a mathematically prestructured environment. In addition, it is argued that this approach might offer a way to go beyond the traditional tripartite scheme of the teacher, the student, and mathematics that has traditionally guided reform efforts in mathematics education.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Internal environment representations"
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Wilson, Catherine Anne. „Newspaper representations of farming and the environment : from productivism to post-productivism“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271676.
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Moongathottathil, James Ashwin. „Apprentissage de la structure pour modéliser le comportement individuel“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4056.
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Les algorithmes traditionnels d'apprentissage par renforcement (RL) se concentrent principalement sur la sélection d'actions qui maximisent les récompenses, mais la prise de décision dans le monde réel implique bien plus que l'optimisation des récompenses. Elle exige également que les individus construisent des représentations internes de l'environnement, un aspect qui a reçu moins d'attention dans les études comportementales. Dans ce travail, nous présentons un cadre computationnel novateur qui approfondit notre compréhension du processus de prise de décision en intégrant ces représentations internes. Nous définissons la structure interne des agents apprenants comme une combinaison des règles d'apprentissage RL et de leurs représentations internes de l'environnement. Pour inférer ces structures, nous introduisons des méthodes d'apprentissage de structure qui extraient les modèles internes des agents à partir de données comportementales dans deux contextes : l'un où la structure interne reste statique et un autre, plus complexe, où les agents mettent à jour dynamiquement leur structure interne. Pour ce dernier cas, nous proposons le Dynamic Structure Learning (DSL), une méthode qui capture les modèles internes dynamiques et modélise le comportement individuel en fonction de l'évolution des représentations internes. Nous appliquons notre cadre d'apprentissage de structure aux données comportementales de rats lors d'une expérience de labyrinthe en T, offrant de nouvelles perspectives sur les processus d'apprentissage individuels dans des contextes réels. Nos résultats suggèrent que les différences individuelles d'apprentissage chez les rats peuvent être expliquées par leurs structures internes distinctes. La méthode DSL révèle que les rats affinent leurs représentations internes de l'environnement au fur et à mesure qu'ils apprennent, ce qui suggère que l'apprentissage réussi nécessite la construction d'un modèle interne qui s'aligne progressivement avec le monde extérieur. Cette recherche dépasse les modèles statiques et les analyses de populations, fournissant des outils afin d'explorer plus en profondeur les processus d'apprentissage individuels. Les implications de nos résultats s'étendent à la fois à l'apprentissage par renforcement et à l'intelligence artificielle, offrant de nouvelles perspectives sur la manière dont les individus construisent et adaptent leurs représentations internes de l'environnement, faisant ainsi progresser les systèmesTraditional reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms primarily focus on selecting actions that maximize rewards, but real-world decision-making involves more than just optimizing rewards. It also requires individuals to construct internal representations of the environment, an area that has received less attention in behavioral studies. In this work, we present a novel computational framework that deepens our understanding of the decision-making process by integrating these internal representations. We define the internal structure of learning agents as a combination of RL learning rules and their internal environment representations. To infer these structures, we introduce structure learning methods that extract internal models of learning agents from behavioral data in two settings: one where the internal structure remains static and another, more complex scenario, where agents dynamically update their internal structure. For the latter case, we propose Dynamic Structure Learning (DSL), a method that captures time-varying internal models and models individual behavior as a function of evolving internal representations.We apply our structure learning framework to behavioural data from rats in a T-maze experiment, providing new insights into individual learning processes in real-world settings. Our results suggest that individual differences in learning among rats can be explained by their different internal structures. The DSL method reveals that rats refine their internal environment representations as they learn, suggesting that successful learning requires constructing an internal model that increasingly aligns with the external world.This research moves beyond static models and population-level analyses, providing tools to investigate individual learning processes in greater depth. The implications of our findings extend to both reinforcement learning and artificial intelligence, offering new perspectives on how individuals build and adapt internal representations of their environment, and advancing AI systems toward more accurate emulation of human and animal intelligence
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Christophe, Benoit. „Semantic based middleware to support nomadic users in IoT-enabled smart environments“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066669/document.
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Avec le développement de l’Internet des Objets, la réalisation d’environnements composés de diverses ressources connectées (objets, capteurs, services, données, etc.) devient une réalite tangible. De plus, la place prépondérante que les smartphones prennent dans notre vie (l’utilisateur étant toujours connecté) font que ces espaces dits ‘intelligents’ ouvrent la voie au développement de nouveaux types d’applications; embarquées dans les téléphones d’utilisateurs nomades – passant d’un environnement connecté (la maison) à un autre (la salle de réunion) – et se reconfigurant dynamiquement pour utiliser les ressources de l’environnement connecté dans lequel celles-ci se trouvent. La création de telles applications va cependant de pair avec le design d’outils supportant les utilisateurs en mobilité, en particulier afin de réaliser la sélection la plus efficace possible des ressources de l’environnement dans lequel l’utilisateur se trouve. Tandis qu’une telle sélection requiert la définition de modèles permettant de décrire de façon précise les caractéristiques de ces ressources, elle doit également prendre en compte les profils et préférences utilisateurs.Enfin, l’augmentation du nombre de ressources connectées, potentiellement mobiles, requiert également le développement de processus de sélection qui “passent à l’échelle”. Des avancées dans ce champ de recherche restent encore à faire, notamment à cause d’une connaissance assez floue concernant les acteurs (ainsi que leurs interactions) définissant (i.e., prenant part à) l’éco-système qu’est un “espace intelligent”. En outre, la multiplicité de diverses ressources connectées implique des problèmes d’interopérabilité et de scalabilité qu’il est nécessaire d’adresser. Si le Web Sémantique apporte une réponse à des problèmes d’interopérabilité, il en soulève d’autres liés au passage à l’échelle. Enfin, si des modèles représentant des “espaces intelligents” ont été développé, leur formalisme ne couvre que partiellement toutes les caractéristiques des ressoures connectées. En particulier, ces modèles tendent à omettre les caractéristiques temporelles, spatiales où encore d’appartenance liées à l’éco-système dans lequel se trouvent ces ressources. S’appuyant sur mes recherches conduites au sein des Bell Labs, cette dissertation identifie les interactions entre les différents acteurs de cet éco-système et propose des représentations formelles, basées sur une sémantique, permettant de décrire ces acteurs. Cette dissertation propose également des procédures de recherche, permettant à l’utilisateur (ou ses applications) de trouver des ressources connectées en se basant sur l’analyse de leur description sémantique. En particulier, ces procédures s’appuient sur une architecture distribuée, également décrite dans cette dissertation, afin de permettre un passage à l’échelle. Ces aides à l’utilisateur sont implémentées au travers de briques intergicielles déployées dans différentes pièces d’un bâtiment, permettant de conduire des expérimentations afin de s’assurer de la validité de l’approche employéeWith the growth in Internet of Things, the realization of environments composed of diverse connected resources (devices, sensors, services, data, etc.) becomes a tangible reality. Together with the preponderant place that smartphones take in the daily life of users, these nascent smart spaces pave the way to the development of novel types of applications; carried by the phones of nomadic users and dynamically reconfiguring themselves to make use of such appropriate connected resources. Creating these applications however goes hand-in-hand with the design of tools supporting the nomadic users roaming in these spaces, in particular by enabling the efficient selection of resources. While such a selection calls for the design of theoretically grounded descriptions, it should also consider the profile and preferences of the users. Finally, the rise of (possibly mobile) connected resources calls for designing a scalable process underlying this selection. Progress in the field is however sluggish especially because of the ignorance of the stakeholders (and the interactions between them) composing this eco-system of “IoT-enabled smart environments”. Thus, the multiplicity of diverse connected resources entails interoperability and scalability problems. While the Semantic Web helped in solving the interoperability issue, it however emphasizes the scalability one. Thus, misreading of the ecosystem led to producing models partially covering connected resource characteristics.Revolving from our research works performed over the last 6 years, this dissertation identifies the interactions between the stakeholders of the nascent ecosystem to further propose formal representations. The dissertation further designs a framework providing search capabilities to support the selection of connected resources through a semantic analysis. In particular, the framework relies on a distributed architecture that we design in order to manage scalability issues. The framework is embodied in a VR Gateway further deployed in a set of interconnected smart places and that has been assessed by several experimentations
4
Christophe, Benoit. „Semantic based middleware to support nomadic users in IoT-enabled smart environments“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066669.
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Avec le développement de l’Internet des Objets, la réalisation d’environnements composés de diverses ressources connectées (objets, capteurs, services, données, etc.) devient une réalite tangible. De plus, la place prépondérante que les smartphones prennent dans notre vie (l’utilisateur étant toujours connecté) font que ces espaces dits ‘intelligents’ ouvrent la voie au développement de nouveaux types d’applications; embarquées dans les téléphones d’utilisateurs nomades – passant d’un environnement connecté (la maison) à un autre (la salle de réunion) – et se reconfigurant dynamiquement pour utiliser les ressources de l’environnement connecté dans lequel celles-ci se trouvent. La création de telles applications va cependant de pair avec le design d’outils supportant les utilisateurs en mobilité, en particulier afin de réaliser la sélection la plus efficace possible des ressources de l’environnement dans lequel l’utilisateur se trouve. Tandis qu’une telle sélection requiert la définition de modèles permettant de décrire de façon précise les caractéristiques de ces ressources, elle doit également prendre en compte les profils et préférences utilisateurs.Enfin, l’augmentation du nombre de ressources connectées, potentiellement mobiles, requiert également le développement de processus de sélection qui “passent à l’échelle”. Des avancées dans ce champ de recherche restent encore à faire, notamment à cause d’une connaissance assez floue concernant les acteurs (ainsi que leurs interactions) définissant (i.e., prenant part à) l’éco-système qu’est un “espace intelligent”. En outre, la multiplicité de diverses ressources connectées implique des problèmes d’interopérabilité et de scalabilité qu’il est nécessaire d’adresser. Si le Web Sémantique apporte une réponse à des problèmes d’interopérabilité, il en soulève d’autres liés au passage à l’échelle. Enfin, si des modèles représentant des “espaces intelligents” ont été développé, leur formalisme ne couvre que partiellement toutes les caractéristiques des ressoures connectées. En particulier, ces modèles tendent à omettre les caractéristiques temporelles, spatiales où encore d’appartenance liées à l’éco-système dans lequel se trouvent ces ressources. S’appuyant sur mes recherches conduites au sein des Bell Labs, cette dissertation identifie les interactions entre les différents acteurs de cet éco-système et propose des représentations formelles, basées sur une sémantique, permettant de décrire ces acteurs. Cette dissertation propose également des procédures de recherche, permettant à l’utilisateur (ou ses applications) de trouver des ressources connectées en se basant sur l’analyse de leur description sémantique. En particulier, ces procédures s’appuient sur une architecture distribuée, également décrite dans cette dissertation, afin de permettre un passage à l’échelle. Ces aides à l’utilisateur sont implémentées au travers de briques intergicielles déployées dans différentes pièces d’un bâtiment, permettant de conduire des expérimentations afin de s’assurer de la validité de l’approche employéeWith the growth in Internet of Things, the realization of environments composed of diverse connected resources (devices, sensors, services, data, etc.) becomes a tangible reality. Together with the preponderant place that smartphones take in the daily life of users, these nascent smart spaces pave the way to the development of novel types of applications; carried by the phones of nomadic users and dynamically reconfiguring themselves to make use of such appropriate connected resources. Creating these applications however goes hand-in-hand with the design of tools supporting the nomadic users roaming in these spaces, in particular by enabling the efficient selection of resources. While such a selection calls for the design of theoretically grounded descriptions, it should also consider the profile and preferences of the users. Finally, the rise of (possibly mobile) connected resources calls for designing a scalable process underlying this selection. Progress in the field is however sluggish especially because of the ignorance of the stakeholders (and the interactions between them) composing this eco-system of “IoT-enabled smart environments”. Thus, the multiplicity of diverse connected resources entails interoperability and scalability problems. While the Semantic Web helped in solving the interoperability issue, it however emphasizes the scalability one. Thus, misreading of the ecosystem led to producing models partially covering connected resource characteristics.Revolving from our research works performed over the last 6 years, this dissertation identifies the interactions between the stakeholders of the nascent ecosystem to further propose formal representations. The dissertation further designs a framework providing search capabilities to support the selection of connected resources through a semantic analysis. In particular, the framework relies on a distributed architecture that we design in order to manage scalability issues. The framework is embodied in a VR Gateway further deployed in a set of interconnected smart places and that has been assessed by several experimentations
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Labate, Enia. „Acquisition of spatial knowledge during navigation: the role of internal and external factors“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423707.
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The general aim of this project of research was to investigate the role of internal and external factors involved in the construction of a spatial representation during navigation. The main question of this dissertation was: do we need the same type of memory to retrace a route and find a shortcut? In other words: which type of memory is involved in the construction of route and survey representation respectively?
In research the main question is about the role of working memory in the construction of spatial representation. According to Baddeley's model (1986), working memory is not a unitary system, but it is possible to distinguish an attentional control system—the central executive—and two subsystems—the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad, which encodes and maintains verbal information and visuospatial information, respectively (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974). Until now, research carried out to date on spatial representation has looked at the role of verbal (VWM) and visuo-spatial (VSWM) working memory in the construction of route representation during navigation (Garden et al., 2002; Meilinguer et al., 2008). However it remains unclear the involvement of working memory in the construction of survey knowledge. In addition, the construction of survey representation, as recent frameworks suggested (Montello et al., 1999; Kitchin et al., 1994), seems to depend also on individual difference, but little is known about the role of external factors such as the presence of landmarks or the influence of specific instructions in guiding navigation behaviour. A series of four experiments was carried out. In all experiments we investigated the role of both subcomponents of working memory through classic paradigm of dual task. Participants learned a route in a virtual (Experiments 1, 3 and 4,) or real environment (Experiment 2) performing spatial or verbal secondary task simultaneously. Reproduction of the route, pointing task, drawing map and finding a shortcut were used to investigate the construction of route and survey representation during navigation. Our results supported that the ability to retrace a route depends on encoding and maintaining the information in VWM and VSW whereas the ability to find a shortcut seems to be related on the involvement of VSWM (Experiment 1 – 2). In addition, our results confirmed that there are large individual differences in both ability to learn spatial layout and in how spatial layout is preferentially encoded (Experiment 2), and added that the sense of direction becomes the predictor of the acquisition of survey knowledge in the learning conditions without landmarks (Experiment 3). Moreover our results showed that the process of acquisition of spatial knowledge implicates also external factors, demonstrating, specifically, that the presence of landmarks and receiving specific instructions about the task facilitate the construction of mental representation (Experiment 4). In conclusion our results add to the growing body of literature supporting that the acquisition of spatial knowledge is a multi-level process influenced by internal and external factors.Lo scopo del presente progetto di ricerca era indagare il ruolo di fattori interni ed esterni coinvolti nella costruzione di una rappresentazione spaziale durante la navigazione. Il quesito principale: per riprodurre un percorso e per trovare una scorciatoia è necessario lo stesso tipo di memoria? In altre parole: quale tipo di memoria è coinvolta rispettivamente nella costruzione di una rappresentazione route e survey? La letteratura ha indagato il ruolo della memoria di lavoro nella costruzione di una rappresentazione spaziale. La memoria di lavoro, secondo il modello proposto da Baddeley (1986), non è un sistema unitario, ma è costituita da un sistema di controllo attenzionale – l'esecutivo centrale – e due subcomponenti – phonological loop e visuospatial sketchpad – che codificano, rispettivamente, informazioni verbali e spaziali (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974). Gli studi condotti fino ad oggi, si sono maggiormente focalizzati sul ruolo della componente verbale e visuo-spaziale della memoria di lavoro nella costruzione di una rappresentazione spaziale route durante la navigazione (Garden et al., 2002; Meilinguer et al., 2008). Tuttavia, resta non chiaro il coinvolgimento della memoria di lavoro nella costruzione di una rappresentazione spaziale survey. La costruzione di una rappresentazione survey, come suggerito da recenti frameworks (Montello et al., 1999; Kitchin et al., 1994), risulta essere influenzata da differenze individuali, ma poco è noto rispetto al ruolo di fattori esterni, come la presenza di landmarks nell'ambiente o l'influenza di specifiche istruzioni nel guidare la navigazione. Sono stati condotti quattro studi. In tutti gli esperimenti è stato indagato il ruolo delle sub- componenti della memoria di lavoro attraverso il paradigma del doppio compito. I partecipanti durante l'apprendimento di un percorso in ambiente virtuale (Esperimenti 1, 3 e 4) o reale (Esperimento 2) eseguivano, contemporaneamente, il doppio compito verbale o spaziale. Ai soggetti è stato richiesto di riprodurre il percorso, per indagare la costruzione della rappresentazione route, e di effettuare stime di direzione, disegnare una mappa e individuare una scorciatoia, per indagare la costruzione della rappresentazione survey. I nostri risultati hanno evidenziato che il processo di costruzione di una rappresentazione route implica il coinvolgimento della memoria di lavoro verbale e spaziale mentre il processo di costruzione di una rappresentazione survey sembra coinvolgere maggiormente la memoria di lavoro visuo-spaziale (Esperimenti 1 – 2). Inoltre i risultati hanno confermato che ci sono larghe differenze individuali nell'abilità di apprendere un layout spaziale (Esperimento 2) e ai dati presenti in letteratura, hanno aggiunto che il senso dell'orientamento predice l'abilità di acquisire informazione spaziale survey quando si naviga in un ambiente privo di landmarks (Esperimento 3). Infine, non di minore importanza, è il ruolo svolto da fattori esterni. Infatti dai dati è emerso che navigare in un ambiente con landmarks e ricevere specifiche istruzioni rispetto al compito, facilita il processo di costruzione di una rappresentazione spaziale (Esperimento 4). In conclusione il presente progetto di ricerca ha fornito un contributo al crescente corpo della letteratura dimostrando che l'acquisizione di conoscenza spaziale durante la navigazione, è un processo complesso influenzato da fattori sia interni che esterni.
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LIU, MING-XIANG, und 劉名相. „A study of internal common representation in software engineering environments“. Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76280541300403715940.
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Stasko, Carly. „A Pedagogy of Holistic Media Literacy: Reflections on Culture Jamming as Transformative Learning and Healing“. Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/18109.
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This qualitative study uses narrative inquiry (Connelly & Clandinin, 1988, 1990, 2001) and self-study to investigate ways to further understand and facilitate the integration of holistic philosophies of education with media literacy pedagogies. As founder and director of the Youth Media Literacy Project and a self-titled Imagitator (one who agitates imagination), I have spent over 10 years teaching media literacy in various high schools, universities, and community centres across North America. This study will focus on my own personal practical knowledge (Connelly & Clandinin, 1982) as a culture jammer, educator and cancer survivor to illustrate my original vision of a ‘holistic media literacy pedagogy’. This research reflects on the emergence and impact of holistic media literacy in my personal and professional life and also draws from relevant interdisciplinary literature to challenge and synthesize current insights and theories of media literacy, holistic education and culture jamming.
Bücher zum Thema "Internal environment representations"
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Environmental Design Research und International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments, Hrsg. External vs. internal representations in traditional environments. Berkeley, CA: Center for Environmental Design Research, University of California, Berkeley, 1992.
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Göttler, Christine, und Mia M. Mochizuki. Landscape and Earth in Early Modernity. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729437.
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Early modern views of nature and the earth upended the depiction of land. Landscape emerged as a site of artistic exploration at a time when environments and ecologies were reshaped and transformed. This volume historicizes the contingency of an ever-changing elemental world, reframing and reimagining landscape as a mediating space in the interplay between the natural and the artificial, the real and the imaginary, the internal and the external. The lens of the “unruly” reveals the latent landscapes that undergirded their conception, the elemental resources that resurfaced from the bowels of the earth, the staged topographies that unsettled the boundaries between nature and technology, and the fragile ecologies that undermined the status quo of human environs. Landscape and Earth in Early Modernity: Picturing Unruly Nature argues for an art history attentive to the vicissitudes of circumstance and attributes the regrounding of representation during a transitional age to the unquiet landscape.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations., Hrsg. Internet posting of chemical "worst case" scenarios, a roadmap for terrorists: Joint hearing before the Subcommittees on Health and Environment and Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, February 10, 1999. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Environment. Automotive technologies for fuel economy: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Environment of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, October 2, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Better internal controls needed to ensure complete air regulation dockets : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs. Kyoto and the Internet: The energy implications of the digital economy : hearing before the Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, February 2, 2000. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs. Kyoto and the Internet: The energy implications of the digital economy : hearing before the Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, February 2, 2000. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.
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Office, General Accounting. Surface mining: Cost and availability of reclamation bonds : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee. Ensuring an effective alternative fuels program : hearing before the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, July 29, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee. Problems in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's personnel security clearance program: Hearing before the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, March 15, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Internal environment representations"
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Salas-Paracuellos, L., und L. Alba-Soto. „Compact Internal Representation of Dynamic Environments: Implementation on FPGA“. In Spatial Temporal Patterns for Action-Oriented Perception in Roving Robots II, 217–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02362-5_8.
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Zipoli Caiani, Silvano. „When Mechanical Computations Explain Better“. In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 463–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_21.
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AbstractIn this paper I defend the epistemic value of the representational-computational view of cognition by arguing that it has explanatory merits that cannot be ignored. To this end, I focus on the virtue of a computational explanation of optic ataxia, a disorder characterized by difficulties in executing visually-guided reaching tasks, although ataxic patients do not exhibit any specific disease of the muscular apparatus. I argue that addressing cases of patients who are suffering from optic ataxia by invoking a causal role for internal representations is more effective than merely relying on correlations between bodily and environmental variables. This argument has consequences for the epistemic assessment of radical enactivism, whichRE invokes the Dynamical System Theory as the best tool for explaining cognitive phenomena.
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Villacorta-Atienza, J. A., M. G. Velarde und V. A. Makarov. „Compact Internal Representation of Dynamic Environments: Simple Memory Structures for Complex Situations“. In Spatial Temporal Patterns for Action-Oriented Perception in Roving Robots II, 83–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02362-5_3.
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Pagallo, Ugo. „Dismantling Four Myths in AI & EU Law Through Legal Information ‘About’ Reality“. In Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the Law, 251–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41264-6_13.
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AbstractThe European Commission has recently proposed several acts, directives and regulations that shall complement today’s legislation on the internet, data governance, and Artificial Intelligence, e.g., the AI Act from May 2021. Some have proposed to sum up current trends of EU law according to catchy formulas, such as (i) digital sovereignty; (ii) digital constitutionalism; (iii) a new Brussels effect; and, (iv) a human-centric approach to AI. Each of these narratives has its merits, but can be highly misleading. They must be taken with four pinches of salt. The aim of this paper is to dismantle these ‘myths’ through legal information ‘about’ reality, that is, knowledge and concepts that frame the representation and function of EU law. We should be attentive to that which current myths overlook, such as the open issues on the balance of power between EU institutions and member states (MS), a new generation of digital rights at both EU and MS constitutional levels, down to the interplay between new models of legal governance and the potential fragmentation of the system, e.g., between technological regulations and environmental law.
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Wade, Robert H. „Muddy Waters: Inside the World Bank as It Struggled with the Narmada Irrigation and Resettlement Projects, Western India“. In Social Development in the World Bank, 265–313. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57426-0_17.
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AbstractThe period since the Second World War has witnessed three global power shifts: one, from sovereign states relating to each other through balances of power, to inter-state organizations which pool some sovereignty and enact collective preferences; two, from states to non-state organizations, including NGOs, enormously facilitated by the internet; and three, from West to East. The World Bank has been a microcosm of these shifts. This chapter describes the interplay between some of the agents: World Bank staff; World Bank top management; World Bank Executive Directors (representatives of member governments, who formally govern the Bank); Government of India and governments of states; Indian and international (mainly UK, US, Japanese) NGOs; and the US Congress. The context is the Narmada irrigation and resettlement projects in western India from the 1970s to the 1990s. The first of the projects (Sardar Sarovar) became the subject of a large-scale opposition movement, Indian and international, which ended up forcing the World Bank to take serious responsibility for resettlement and environmental sustainability in its projects world-wide, and to create an independent inspection facility to which people who consider their welfare net harmed by a World Bank-supported project can bring complaints direct to the Bank by-passing their national government.
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Piccinini, Gualtiero. „Nonnatural Mental Representation“. In What are Mental Representations?, 254–86. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686673.003.0010.
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This chapter distinguishes between two types of representation, natural and nonnatural. It argues that nonnatural representation is necessary to explain intentionality. It also argues that traditional accounts of the semantic content of mental representations are insufficient to explain nonnatural representation and, therefore, intentionality. To remedy this, the chapter sketches an account of nonnatural representation in terms of natural representation plus offline simulation of nonactual environments plus tracking the ways in which a simulation departs from the actual environment. To represent nonnaturally, a system must be able to decouple internal simulations from sensory information by activating representational resources offline. The system must be able to represent things that are not in the actual environment and to track that it’s doing so; i.e., there must be an internal signal or state that can indicate whether what is represented departs from the actual environment. In addition, the system must be able to manipulate a representation independently of what happens in the actual environment and keep track that it’s doing so. In short, nonnatural representations are offline simulations whose departure from the actual environment the system has the function to keep track of. This is a step toward a naturalistic, mechanistic, neurocomputational account of intentionality.
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Dupré, Gabe. „Correspondence and Construction“. In Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Mind Volume 3, 57–86. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198879466.003.0003.
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Abstract There is a tension at the heart of much contemporary work in philosophy of psychology—specifically, within representational theories of mind. On the one hand, the central insight of this tradition is that mental and behavioral processes are understood by appeal to mental representations: mental tokens which function as internal proxies for some aspect of the environment, on which behavioral interaction with the environment can depend. On the other, it has long been noted that many purported representations seriously distort, or even simply fabricate, those aspects of the environment they are alleged to represent. I will focus on the examples of color vision and speech perception. At a minimum, this puts pressure on the explanatory goals of representationalism. Many representational theories explain behavior with reference to accurate representation, but if we can seemingly function perfectly well with wildly inaccurate representations, the centrality of this strategy is threatened. At worst, this undermines the representationalist project itself, posing insuperable worries for any account that seeks to ground mental content in relations to the environment.
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Schulkin, Jay. „Bodily Representations, Behavior, and the Brain“. In Bodily Sensibility: Intelligent Action, 7–30. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195149944.003.0002.
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Abstract The great biological revolution beginning in the 19th century demythologized the body and placed it in nature: Adaptive, diverse, majestic in shape, these are all appropriate descriptions of the phenomenal body in nature. Intelligence could only mean, from Darwin’s perspective, adaptation. According to Darwin, intelligence takes on many forms and shapes, including that of the body serving as a vessel for problem solving. All those millennia and generations of evolving produced animals with internal as well as external adaptations to their environment that promote their survival.
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Reynolds, Daniel. „Media and Radical Embodiment“. In Media in Mind, 71–96. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872519.003.0004.
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This chapter addresses the concept of mental representations in both media theory and philosophy of mind. It argues that, contrary to what representationalist models claim, the mind does not work by way of an internal language or internal images but through active bodily engagement with the environment. The chapter discusses how mental representations have functioned historically in media theory. It shows how video games have been employed in philosophical and psychological argumentation about the nature of the mind. It presents the case of Hugo Münsterberg, a psychologist whose encounter with film impacted his psychological theory. It discusses the role of imagery in video game play. It illustrates how the use of moving image media in psychological experiments can reinforce ideas about internal mental representations.
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Thomas, Manoj A., und Richard Redmond. „A Framework to Analyze User Interactions in an E-Commerce Environment“. In Intelligent, Adaptive and Reasoning Technologies, 23–35. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-595-7.ch002.
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As e-commerce applications proliferate the Web, the cognitive load of sifting through the copious volumes of information in search of relevance has become formidable. Since the nature of foraging for information in digital spaces can be characterized as the interaction between internal task representation and the external problem domain, we look at how expert systems can be used to reduce the complexity of the task. In this chpater, we describe a conceptual framework to analyze user interactions in an e-commerce environment. We detail the use of the ontology language OWL to express the semantics of the representations and the use of SWRL rule language to define the rule base for contextual reasoning. We illustrate how an expert system can be used to guide users by orchestrating a cognitive fit between the task environment and the task solution.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Internal environment representations"
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Geh, Renato Lui, Jonas Gonçalves, Igor C. Silveira, Denis D. Mauá und Fabio G. Cozman. „dPASP: A Probabilistic Logic Programming Environment For Neurosymbolic Learning and Reasoning“. In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}, 731–42. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/69.
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We present dPASP, a novel declarative probabilistic logic programming framework that allows for the specification of discrete probabilistic models by neural predicates, relational logic constraints, and interval-valued probabilistic choices. This expressive combination facilitates the construction of models that combine low-level perception (images, texts, etc) and common-sense reasoning, thus providing an excellent tool for neurosymbolic reasoning. To support all such features, we discuss several semantics for probabilistic logic programs that allow one to express nondeterminism, non-monotonic reasoning, contradiction, and (vague) probabilistic knowledge. We also discuss how gradient-based learning can be performed with neural predicates and probabilistic choices under selected semantics. To showcase the possibilities offered by the framework, we present case studies that exploit different semantics and constructs.
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Al-Azzani, Abdoualwase M., Ahmed Abdullah Al-Shalabi, Mossa Ghurab, Firdaus Alhrazi, Sharaf A. Alhomdy und Malek Algabri. „Image-based Feature Representation for Enhanced Cyber-Attack Detection in IoHT Environments“. In 2024 1st International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Dependable Internet of Things (ICETI), 1–11. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceti63946.2024.10777210.
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Farhat, Nabil H. „Architectures for Opto-Electronic Analogs of Self-Organizing Neural Networks“. In Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1987.tua2.
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Architectures for partitioning opto-electronic analogs of neural nets into input/output and internal units to enable self-organization and learning where a net can form its own internal representations of the "environment" are described.
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Torabi, Faraz, Garrett Warnell und Peter Stone. „Imitation Learning from Video by Leveraging Proprioception“. In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/497.
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Classically, imitation learning algorithms have been developed for idealized situations, e.g., the demonstrations are often required to be collected in the exact same environment and usually include the demonstrator's actions. Recently, however, the research community has begun to address some of these shortcomings by offering algorithmic solutions that enable imitation learning from observation (IfO), e.g., learning to perform a task from visual demonstrations that may be in a different environment and do not include actions. Motivated by the fact that agents often also have access to their own internal states (i.e., proprioception), we propose and study an IfO algorithm that leverages this information in the policy learning process. The proposed architecture learns policies over proprioceptive state representations and compares the resulting trajectories visually to the demonstration data. We experimentally test the proposed technique on several MuJoCo domains and show that it outperforms other imitation from observation algorithms by a large margin.
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Hurst, Terril N. „Automated Model Generation Using the KIF Declarative Language“. In ASME 1991 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1991-0018.
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Abstract Logic-based artificial intelligence researchers propound the declarative programming paradigm as a solution to problems arising from conventional procedural programming methods. A formal language possessing a declarative semantics, called Knowledge Interchange Format (or KIF), has been used for interchanging information between disparate programs, each containing specialized internal representations to support specific requirements. A simple system has been developed to evaluate the utility of KIF and declarative programming. The domain chosen for this evaluation was lumped-parameter dynamic systems analysis, due to its well-established vocabulary and concepts. In particular, bond graph theory formed the basis of the knowledge representation which was written in KIF. Models were generated to analyze the physical dynamics of a servomechanism used in a compact disc player. Fully automated model construction and solution was achieved, beginning with a set of library elements written in KIF and ending with solution of a set of first-order differential equations which characterize dynamic behavior. Work has begun to include assembly as well as bond graph information in order to evaluate the system’s utility for managing constraints in multiple domains. Based on demonstrated success in the dynamics and assembly domains, the next step will be to apply declarative programming to more-open domains, such as functional tolerancing, for which a comprehensive vocabulary and conceptual framework is still lacking. The hope is that the declarative paradigm will contribute to the formalization of several domains which can then be more easily integrated within a concurrent engineering environment, thus fostering conceptual product designs which are more robust with respect to manufacturability constraints.
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Yu, Jinghua, Zeru Lou, Hongxing Hu, Geguang Pu und Mingsong Chen. „Digital-Twin-Based Approaches and Applications for Improving Automotive Cybersecurity in Different Lifecycle Stages“. In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0036.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With the increasing connectivity and complexity of modern automobiles, cybersecurity has become one of the most important properties of a vehicle. Various strategies have been proposed to enhance automotive cybersecurity. Digital twin (DT), regarded as one of the top 10 strategic technology trends by Gartner in 2018 and 2019, establishes digital representations in a virtual world and raises new ideas to benefit real-life objects. In this paper, we explored the possibility of using digital twin technology to improve automotive cybersecurity. We designed two kinds of digital twin models, named mirror DT and autonomous DT, and corresponding environments to support cybersecurity design, development, and maintenance in an auto’s lifecycle, as well as technique training. The mirror DT, which displays the external behaviors of the physical object, collects, displays, and analyzes real-time data, for specific purposes like security analysis, anomaly detection, and so on. The autonomous DT models the internal logic of the real-world object, and is applicable for virtual design and debugging, system evaluation, and training in a purely virtual world. We proposed approaches for building the DT models, established a real-virtual interaction environment, and explored several feasible applications. Prototypes were developed to verify the effectiveness and expansibility of the proposed approaches and applications. In summary, DT technology helps engineers to improve work efficiency and effectiveness of cybersecurity design and management activities during the whole product lifecycle. Furthermore, the digital world is also ideal for professional training to help learners to better understand corresponding technics and do more exercises in the virtual world at a low cost.</div></div>
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Lee, Jae-Hyun, und Hyo-Won Suh. „OWL-Based Hybrid Product Knowledge Model for Collaborative Engineering Environment“. In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85574.
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This paper introduces an approach to OWL-based hybrid product knowledge model for collaborative engineering environment. The participants in collaborative engineering want to share and reason product knowledge through internet without any heterogeneity and ambiguity. In this paper, the hybrid product knowledge model is proposed using first-order logic(FOL), relational database(RDB) and web ontology language(OWL) according to a formal ontology. Our knowledge model can be used to develop an integrated knowledge-base which reduces heterogeneity and ambiguity. Firstly, the collaborative engineering domain is analyzed and then the product knowledge is organized into four levels such as product context model, product specific model, product design model and product manufacturing model. Secondly, the four levels are represented by FOL in layered fashion. The concepts and the instances of a formal ontology are used for recursive representation of the four levels. The instances of the concepts of an upper level like product context model are considered as the concepts of an adjacent lower level like product specific model, and this mechanism is applied to the other levels. Thirdly, these logic representations are integrated with the schema and the instances of a relational database. Finally, OWL-based product knowledge model is developed, in which OWL representation of the four levels are defined through the integration of the logic representation and OWL primitives. Thus, a hybrid product knowledge model is constructed, in which the four product knowledge models have their major representation such as FOL, RDB, or OWL according to the characteristics of each model. This approach enables engineer to share product knowledge through internet reducing ambiguity, and utilize it as basis for additional reasoning.
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Villacorta-Atienza, Jose A., Luis Salas, Luis Alba, Manuel G. Velarde und Valeri A. Makarov. „Compact internal representation as a protocognitive scheme for robots in dynamic environments“. In SPIE Microtechnologies, herausgegeben von Ángel B. Rodríguez-Vázquez, Rainer Adelung, Ricardo A. Carmona-Galán, Gustavo Liñán-Cembrano und Carsten Ronning. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.886924.
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Wang, Nan, Shugen Ma, Bin Li, Minghui Wang und Mingyang Zhao. „A hybrid map representation for simultaneous localization and mapping of the internal ruins environment“. In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2013.6720452.
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Shkundalov, Danylo, und Tatjana Vilutienė. „BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN WEBBIM ENVIRONMENT“. In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.725.
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Geographical information systems (GIS) and Building information modelling (BIM) provide digital representation of building, its elements and environment. BIM focuses on micro-level representation of buildings and its elements, and GIS provide macro-level representation of the external elements of environment. Their combination can provide a comprehensive view of a built environment based on integrated data. There is an opportunity to make BIM and GIS unity not only to combine them in a single project but also to make a fully merged environment with difficult associations that extend the capabilities of both. Paper presents method that allows visualization and processing the BIM model in the web browser, external processing and analyzing, easy sharing and visualization, linking the 3D model and attribute information, working with the BIM model and GIS data, digital City mapping and etc. The developed method creates rich future for full BIM software products with all manner of functions and tools that will work through the Internet without installations, distributives, additional programs. The introduced technique can be used as a new part for BIM execution planning.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Internal environment representations"
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Chokheli, Salome. Geneva International Discussions: Russian Occupation and Internally Displaced Persons in Georgia. Eurasia Institutes, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/eea-1-2023.
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Russia’s military intervention in Georgia in 2008 has forever changed the security environment for Tbilisi. Borderization, Russian military and semi-military bases on Georgian territory, and Moscow’s unofficial annexation policy in two regions of Georgia are among the issues Tbilisi faces due to the Kremlin’s five-day war against Georgia. Moreover, more than 200 000 thousand people remain Internally Displaced Persons in Georgia, waiting to exercise their right of dignified return to occupied regions currently remaining under illegal Russian control. This paper analysis ongoing Geneva International Discussions involving Georgia and Russia and the prospects of reaching a consensus on a dignified return of Internally Displaced Persons to their homes. The paper concludes that currently, the Georgian Government does not hold leverage against Russia to alter the course of the negotiations process. Official Tbilisi should concentrate on the long-term objective – building trust with the representatives of Georgia's occupied regions to consider coalition-building in negotiations in case favorable changes affect power asymmetry between Georgia and Russia and the opportunity window for Georgia to affect occupied regions' decisions without Russian interference appears.
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Semenets, Olena. Метафора «війна проти коронавірусу» в українському та зарубіжному медійному просторі (2020–2021 рр.). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11725.
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The main objective of the study is to reveal the specifics of the functioning of the metaphor “war against coronavirus” in Ukrainian mediatized discursive practices of 2020-2021 compared to the trends of using this metaphor in the media environment of Western countries. A research methodology is based on the approach of critical discourse analysis. The work also takes into account the results of the study of the «war against coronavirus» metaphor, conducted using the materials of public discourses in Italy, Bulgaria, and Greece. A comparative analysis of the specifics of the functioning of this metaphor in mediatized discursive practices was carried out by the author of the article as part of a joint study of an international team of scientists – a contextualized online dictionary «In Other Words» (https://www.iowdictionary.org). Mediatized discursive practices mean communications with a mass audience through various media platforms, i.e., not only through mass media, but also with the use of blogs, social networks, messengers, video hosting, etc. The findings of the study of “war” metaphors in the domestic official discourse on the problems of combating the Covid-19 pandemic during 2020-2021 are based on the analysis of public speeches and greetings presented on the official website “President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Official Internet representation”, as well as interviews of the President with leading domestic and foreign publications. The result of the research is the conclusion that, in general, the metaphor “war against the coronavirus” has not gained such widespread use in Ukrainian official, political, and media discursive practices as in Western countries. This is due to the fact that starting in 2014, Ukraine repels the military aggression of the Russian Federation in the east of the country. Therefore, in 2020–2021, the word war was actively used in the public and personal discourses of Ukrainians primarily not in a metaphorical, but in a direct, denotative sense: war as an armed struggle in the east of Ukraine. Key words: Covid-19, metaphor “war against coronavirus”, political discourse, President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy, mediatized discursive practices, critical discourse analysis.
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, Hannah Pilkington, David Jones und Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping project: Big Thicket National Preserve. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299254.
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The Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, vegetation classification field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Kountze, Texas where representatives gathered from BITH, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. The project acquired new 2014 orthoimagery (30-cm, 4-band (RGB and CIR)) from the Hexagon Imagery Program. Supplemental imagery for the interpretation phase included Texas Natural Resources Information System (TNRIS) 2015 50 cm leaf-off 4-band imagery from the Texas Orthoimagery Program (TOP), Farm Service Agency (FSA) 100-cm (2016) and 60 cm (2018) National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Maps imagery. In addition to aerial and satellite imagery, 2017 Neches River Basin Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and TNRIS to analyze vegetation structure at BITH. The preliminary vegetation classification included 110 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 304 plots surveyed between 2016 and 2019 and 110 additional observation plots. The final vegetation classification includes 75 USNVC associations and 27 park special types including 80 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 12 herbaceous, and 3 sparse vegetation types. The final BITH map consists of 51 map classes. Land cover classes include five types: pasture / hay ground agricultural vegetation; non ? vegetated / barren land, borrow pit, cut bank; developed, open space; developed, low ? high intensity; and water. The 46 vegetation classes represent 102 associations or park specials. Of these, 75 represent natural vegetation associations within the USNVC, and 27 types represent unpublished park specials. Of the 46 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, 7 map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, 4 map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials, and 9 map classes contain four or more USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland types had an abundance of Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ilex opaca, Ilex vomitoria, Quercus nigra, and Vitis rotundifolia. Shrubland types were dominated by Pinus taeda, Ilex vomitoria, Triadica sebifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, and/or Callicarpa americana. Herbaceous types had an abundance of Zizaniopsis miliacea, Juncus effusus, Panicum virgatum, and/or Saccharum giganteum. The final BITH vegetation map consists of 7,271 polygons totaling 45,771.8 ha (113,104.6 ac). Mean polygon size is 6.3 ha (15.6 ac). Of the total area, 43,314.4 ha (107,032.2 ac) or 94.6% represent natural or ruderal vegetation. Developed areas such as roads, parking lots, and campgrounds comprise 421.9 ha (1,042.5 ac) or 0.9% of the total. Open water accounts for approximately 2,034.9 ha (5,028.3 ac) or 4.4% of the total mapped area. Within the natural or ruderal vegetation types, forest and woodland types were the most extensive at 43,022.19 ha (106,310.1 ac) or 94.0%, followed by herbaceous vegetation types at 129.7 ha (320.5 ac) or 0.3%, sparse vegetation types at 119.2 ha (294.5 ac) or 0.3%, and shrubland types at 43.4 ha (107.2 ac) or 0.1%. A total of 784 AA samples were collected to evaluate the map?s thematic accuracy. When each AA sample was evaluated for a variety of potential errors, a number of the disagreements were overturned. It was determined that 182 plot records disagreed due to either an erroneous field call or a change in the vegetation since the imagery date, and 79 disagreed due to a true map classification error. Those records identified as incorrect due to an erroneous field call or changes in vegetation were considered correct for the purpose of the AA. As a simple plot count proportion, the reconciled overall accuracy was 89.9% (705/784). The spatially-weighted overall accuracy was 92.1% with a Kappa statistic of 89.6%. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Five map classes had accuracies below 80%. After discussing preliminary results with the parl, we retained those map classes because the community was rare, the map classes provided desired detail for management or the accuracy was reasonably close to the 80% target. When the 90% AA confidence intervals were included, an additional eight classes had thematic accruacies that extend below 80%. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management include the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and PLOTS database sampling data. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.
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Learning About Women and Urban Services in Latin America and the Caribbean. Population Council, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1986.1000.
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In 1978 when the Population Council formulated a program to learn more about low-income urban women’s access to services, the dearth of information was striking, particularly in contrast to the emerging body of information delineating access to credit, extension, membership in rural institutions, and representation in local governments. Access to services was much less well-defined owing to the diverse cultures that meet in the urban environment, the mobility of city life, and the fluidity of households. Urban development planners, researchers, and those involved in community action projects in a number of South American cities were approached to find out what they knew, and there was much interest on the part of urban planners in learning how their programs affected men and women differentially. The interest of these diverse groups called for a long-term approach. Three working groups on Women, Low-Income Households, and Urban Services evolved in Kingston, Jamaica; Lima, Peru; and Mexico City, Mexico. Much detail is provided in this volume on how these groups function and arrive at their priorities. Rather than confining this report to a lengthy internal document, this work was brought to the attention of a broader audience through summary articles.