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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Interlocking assemblies“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Interlocking assemblies"
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Ermolai, V., A. Sover und G. Nagîţ. „Design and physical validation of a non-planar interlocking element for tubular structures“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1235, Nr. 1 (01.03.2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1235/1/012003.
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Abstract An interlocking topological structure represents an arrangement of parts designed so that the degrees of freedom of each component are takeover by the surrounding neighbours. For the planar arrangements, there are multiple possibilities to design such assemblies via platonic solids such as tetrahedron, cube, octahedron and osteomorphic geometries. This paper describes the geometrical modelling process of a non-planar interlocking element that can be used to produce tubular structures. The geometric element was defined by two curved surfaces identified with the inner and outer shell of the tubular structure and joined by six curved surfaces, providing through those the interlocking design. The virtual geometry was produced using an additive manufacturing process generating the physical model of a tubular construction assembled from non-planar interlocking elements.
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Aharoni, Lior, Ido Bachelet und Josephine V. Carstensen. „Topology optimization of rigid interlocking assemblies“. Computers & Structures 250 (Juli 2021): 106521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2021.106521.
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3
Ding, Zhongqiu, Yugang Duan und Hong Xiao. „Simultaneous improvements in strength, stiffness, and toughness of bio-inspired hierarchical topological interlocking geometry“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2587, Nr. 1 (01.09.2023): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2587/1/012082.
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Abstract Structural hierarchy plays an important role in the mechanical properties of natural materials. In this work, the concept of hierarchy was applied to topological interlocking assemblies to integrate different toughening strategies of multiple biologicals. Multi-material additive manufacturing was adopted to fabricate the bio-inspired interlocking structures comprised of discrete hard building blocks and soft intricate interfaces. An approach combining finite element simulation with direct mechanical testing on 3D-printed samples was conducted to investigate the mechanical consequences of these samples. It was found that the introduction of hierarchical surface design enabled the original interlocking assemblies to own additional interlocking effects at a smaller length scale, resulting in increased strength, stiffness, and toughness by 42.4%, 31.2%, and 83.8%, respectively.
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Mousavian, Elham, und Claudia Casapulla. „Interlocking Joints with Multiple Locks: Torsion-Shear Failure Analysis Using Discrete Element and Equilibrium-Based SiDMACIB Models“. Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 11 (24.05.2024): 4475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14114475.
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SiDMACIB (Structurally informed Design of Masonry Assemblages Composed of Interlocking Blocks) is the first numerical model capable of extending the equilibrium problem of limit analysis to interlocking assemblies. Adopting the concave formulation, this model can compute the stress state at the corrugated faces with orthotropic behaviour, such as their combined torsion-shear capacity. Generally speaking, finding the plastic torsion-shear capacity of planar faces shared between conventional blocks is still a fresh topic, while investigating this capacity for interlocking interfaces is particularly rather unexplored. Upon the authors’ previous works that focused on interlocking blocks with a single lock, in this paper, an extension to blocks composed of several locks (multi-lock interfaces) is presented and the SiDMACIB model is upgraded accordingly. For this purpose, the shear-torsion results obtained from the original SiDMACIB formulation are validated and subsequently compared with those derived from distinct element analysis conducted using the 3DEC 7.0 software. Based on this comparison, revisions to the SiDMACIB model are proposed, involving a reduction in the number of locks affecting torsion-shear capacity.
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Wang, Ziqi, Peng Song, Florin Isvoranu und Mark Pauly. „Design and structural optimization of topological interlocking assemblies“. ACM Transactions on Graphics 38, Nr. 6 (08.11.2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3355089.3356489.
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Stüttgen, Sascha, Reymond Akpanya, Birgit Beckmann, Rostislav Chudoba, Daniel Robertz und Alice C. Niemeyer. „Modular Construction of Topological Interlocking Blocks—An Algebraic Approach for Resource-Efficient Carbon-Reinforced Concrete Structures“. Buildings 13, Nr. 10 (10.10.2023): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102565.
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An algebraic approach to the design of resource-efficient carbon-reinforced concrete structures is presented. Interdisciplinary research in the fields of mathematics and algebra on the one hand and civil engineering and concrete structures on the other can lead to fruitful interactions and can contribute to the development of resource-efficient and sustainable concrete structures. Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) using non-crimp fabric carbon reinforcement enables very thin and lightweight constructions and thus requires new construction strategies and new manufacturing methods. Algebraic methods applied to topological interlocking contribute to modular, reusable, and hence resource-efficient TRC structures. A modular approach to construct new interlocking blocks by combining different Platonic and Archimedean solids is presented. In particular, the design of blocks that can be decomposed into various n-prisms is the focus of this paper. It is demonstrated that the resulting blocks are highly versatile and offer numerous possibilities for the creation of interlocking assemblies, and a rigorous proof of the interlocking property is outlined.
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Gilibert, Pierre, Romain Mesnil und Olivier Baverel. „Rule-based generative design of translational and rotational interlocking assemblies“. Automation in Construction 135 (März 2022): 104142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104142.
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Gilibert, Pierre, Romain Mesnil und Olivier Baverel. „Robust optimization for geometrical design of 2D sequential interlocking assemblies“. Automation in Construction 158 (Februar 2024): 105207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105207.
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Ouadfel, Hamza, und Kouddane Redouane. „Behaviour of Dense Assemblies of Disks and Ellipses - Study of Particle Shape Effect“. Key Engineering Materials 820 (September 2019): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.820.128.
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In this article, the effect of particle shape is examined from the comparison of results of numerically simulated constant volume compression tests carried out on planes assemblies of disks and ellipses with equal porosity and similar gradation and test conditions. The results show that particle shape is a decisive fabric component that contributes directly and indirectly to the strength of assemblies of particles to resist shearing deformation. The results confirm previously established facts that elongated particle shapes favour particle interlocking and create, more easily than ideal spheres, stable clusters of particles through which external loads can be transferred hence resisting higher shearing stresses.
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Weizmann, Michael, Oded Amir und Yasha Jacob Grobman. „The effect of block geometry on structural behavior of topological interlocking assemblies“. Automation in Construction 128 (August 2021): 103717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103717.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Interlocking assemblies"
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Khor, Han Chuan. „Mechanical and structural properties of interlocking assemblies“. University of Western Australia. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0026.
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A novel way to ensure stability of mortarless structures topological interlocking is examined. In this type of interlocking the overall shape and arrangement of the building blocks are chosen in such a way that the movement of each block is prevented by its neighbours. (The methodological roots of topological interlocking can be found in two ancient structures: the arch and the dry stone wall.) The topological interlocking proper is achieved by two types of blocks: simple convex forms such as the Platonic solids (tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, dodecahedron and icosahedron) that allow plate-like assemblies and specially engineered shapes of the block surfaces that also allow assembling corners. An important example of the latter so-called Osteomorphic block is the main object of this research with some insight being provided by numerical modelling of plates assembled from tetrahedra and cubes in the interlocking position. The main structural feature of the interlocking assemblies is the need of the peripheral constraint (for the Osteomorphic blocks this requirement can be relaxed to uni-directional constraint) to keep their integrity. We studied the least visible constraint structure internal pre-stressed cables which run through pre-fabricated holes in Osteomorphic blocks. It is shown that the pre-stressed steel cables can provide the necessary constraint force without creating appreciable residual stresses in the cables, however the points of connection of the cables are the weakest points and need special treatment. The main mechanical feature of the interlocking structures is the absence of block bonding. As a result, the blocks have a certain freedom of translational and rotational movement (within the kinematic constraints of the assembly) and their contacts have reduced shear stresses which hampers fracture propagation from one block to another. These features pre-determine the specific ways the interlocking assemblies behave under mechanical and dynamic impacts. These were studied in this project and the following results are reported. As the blocks in the interlocking structure are not connected, the main issue is the bearing capacity. The study of the least favourable, central point loading in the direction normal to the structure shows elevated large-scale fracture toughness (resistance to fracture propagation). However when the central force imposes considerable bending the generated tensile membrane stresses assist fracturing of the loaded block. Prevention of bending considerably enhances the strength therefore the most efficient application of the interlocking structures would be in protective coatings and covers. Furthermore, proper selection of the material properties and the interface friction can increase the system overall strength and bearing capacity. The results of the computer simulations suggest that both Youngs modulus and the friction coefficient are the key parameters whose increase improves the bearing capacity of topologically interlocking assemblies.
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Ma, Zhao M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. „Equilibrium analysis of topological interlocking for structural assemblies“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111275.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Structural Mechanics and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-[70]).
This thesis presents an exploration of topological interlocking system of structural assemblies. By analysing existing topological structures, a mathematical theory is constructed to design different topological interlocking systems based on various existing design techniques. A structural equilibrium analysis method is presented for the designed structural assemblies through a detailed analysis of the collapse mechanism. The method also features a novel way to transform indeterminate problems into determinate problems using the geometric relations, by an implementation of the half-edge data structure in mesh manifold computation. The thesis also briefly introduces a mapping strategy based on conformal mapping on NURBS surface to design freeform topological structural assemblies.
by Zhao Ma.
M. Eng. in Structural Mechanics and Design
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Benyahia, Kheira. „Hybrid voxels 4D printing based on topologically interlocked multi-material assembly“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCA026.
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L'impression 4D est considérée comme une technologie de fabrication prometteuse pour créer des dispositifs innovants capables d'évoluer dans leur environnement d'utilisation. En couplant les processus de fabrication additive (FA) avec des matériaux actifs/passifs, les objets peuvent changer de propriétés, de formes ou même de fonctionnalités sous l'effet d'une énergie de stimulation. Pour réaliser un changement de forme souhaité, les récents progrès en conception informatique autour des matériaux numériques nécessitent de s'attaquer à l'impression 4D multi-matériaux. Cependant, la déposition de matériaux actifs et passifs en une seule structure reste difficile en raison de la compatibilité limitée des imprimantes existantes avec les matériaux intelligents (MI) possédant les propriétés nécessaires. Pour surmonter cette limitation dans le contexte de la distribution de matériaux complexe, une approche originale consiste à aborder l'impression 4D multi-matériaux du point de vue de l'assemblage de blocs imbriqués. Ces types d'assemblages ont parcouru un long chemin d'évolution et ont suscité diverses applications. Ils ont été étudiés comme une solution aux défis d'assemblage des pièces grandes et complexes. Par conséquent, l'objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer une approche de conception informatique qui transforme un objet 4D multi-matériaux avec une distribution de matériaux numériques calculée en blocs imbriqués appropriés. Ces derniers peuvent être imprimés séparément en utilisant la FA à matériau unique, puis assemblés pour atteindre le changement de forme ciblé. Cette thèse se déroulera en trois contributions majeures. Tout d'abord, une contribution couvrira la séquence des étapes utilisées pour développer l'algorithme de génération d'assemblage imbriqué. Ensuite, une autre contribution proposée approfondira l'approche de l'assemblage de blocs imbriqués en étudiant leur effet sur le comportement des structures imprimées en 4D multi-matériaux. L'étude en question comparera les structures imprimées en une seule opération à celles qui sont imbriquées. Des tests mécaniques/de stimulation et des simulations numériques seront effectués pour démontrer que les structures imbriquées présentent des performances mécaniques pertinentes tout en améliorant la réponse à l'activation par rapport aux structures multi-matériaux imprimées en une seule fois. Une contribution finale sera consacrée à la généralisation de l'applicabilité de l'approche d'assemblage de blocs imbriqués en améliorant l'uniformité des changements de forme/de propriété dans une structure 4D multi-matériaux assemblée. De plus, cette contribution vise également à résoudre les limitations qui peuvent survenir en raison des interfaces des blocs imbriqués, telles que le manque continuité du contact et de déformation. Ainsi, il s'agira de proposer un concept de blocs imbriqués personnalisés prenant en compte les SM et leurs transformations potentielles. Pour souligner leur pertinence et leur utilisation pratique, des cas d’études seront inclus en parallèle des contributions proposéesL'impression 4D est considérée comme une technologie de fabrication prometteuse pour créer des dispositifs innovants capables d'évoluer dans leur environnement d'utilisation. En couplant les processus de fabrication additive (FA) avec des matériaux actifs/passifs, les objets peuvent changer de propriétés, de formes ou même de fonctionnalités sous l'effet d'une énergie de stimulation. Pour réaliser un changement de forme souhaité, les récents progrès en conception informatique autour des matériaux numériques nécessitent de s'attaquer à l'impression 4D multi-matériaux. Cependant, la déposition de matériaux actifs et passifs en une seule structure reste difficile en raison de la compatibilité limitée des imprimantes existantes avec les matériaux intelligents possédant les propriétés nécessaires. Pour surmonter cette limitation dans le contexte de la distribution de matériaux complexe, une approche originale consiste à aborder l'impression 4D multi-matériaux du point de vue de l'assemblage de blocs imbriqués. Ces types d'assemblages ont parcouru un long chemin d'évolution et ont suscité diverses applications. Ils ont été étudiés comme une solution aux défis d'assemblage des pièces grandes et complexes. Par conséquent, l'objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer une approche de conception informatique qui transforme un objet 4D multi-matériaux avec une distribution de matériaux numériques calculée en blocs imbriqués appropriés. Ces derniers peuvent être imprimés séparément en utilisant la FA à matériau unique, puis assemblés pour atteindre le changement de forme ciblé. Cette thèse se déroulera en trois contributions majeures. Tout d'abord, une contribution couvrira la séquence des étapes utilisées pour développer l'algorithme de génération d'assemblage imbriqué. Ensuite, une autre contribution proposée approfondira l'approche de l'assemblage de blocs imbriqués en étudiant leur effet sur le comportement des structures imprimées en 4D multi-matériaux. L'étude en question comparera les structures imprimées en une seule opération à celles qui sont imbriquées. Des tests mécaniques/de stimulation et des simulations numériques seront effectués pour démontrer que les structures imbriquées présentent des performances mécaniques pertinentes tout en améliorant la réponse à l'activation par rapport aux structures multi-matériaux imprimées en une seule fois. Une contribution finale sera consacrée à la généralisation de l'applicabilité de l'approche d'assemblage de blocs imbriqués en améliorant l'uniformité des changements de forme/de propriété dans une structure 4D multi-matériaux assemblée. De plus, cette contribution vise également à résoudre les limitations qui peuvent survenir en raison des interfaces des blocs imbriqués, telles que le manque continuité du contact et de déformation. Ainsi, il s'agira de proposer un concept de blocs imbriqués personnalisés prenant en compte les matériaux actifs et leurs transformations potentielles. Pour souligner leur pertinence et leur utilisation pratique, des cas d’études seront inclus en parallèle des contributions proposées
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Willey, Trevor Michael. „Characterization of functionalized self-assembled monolayers and surface-attached interlocking molecules using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy /“. For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBuchteile zum Thema "Interlocking assemblies"
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Pfeiffer, Alice, Florian Lesellier und Matthieu Tournier. „Topological Interlocking Assemblies Experiment“. In Impact: Design With All Senses, 336–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29829-6_27.
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Michl, Josef. „Comment on Molecular Machines Based on Non-Interlocking Molecules (Other Than Catenanes and Rotaxanes)“. In From Non-Covalent Assemblies to Molecular Machines, 297–300. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527632817.ch19.
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Sampson, Myles B., und Larry Sass. „Interlocking Units for Robotically Fabricated Architectural Structures“. In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication, 443–53. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_37.
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AbstractThroughout this paper, we introduce a novel design-driven method for the robotic assembly of unit-based structures. The goal of this research is to establish a method to robotically fabricate discrete structures, using pick-and-place robotic manipulation and customized 3D-printed geometric units. Thus, the methodology allows for the bespoke discretization of architectural solid models into interlocking architectural units. Investigating how design can reduce error in the robotic fabrication process, a significant feature of this research is the application of mechanical coupling for the creation of self-interlocking geometry. This method is able to correct errors in robotic manipulation for the precise robotic fabrication of architectural structures. Reducing errors in the assembly process through the design of geometric units expands the field of architectural robotics to designers. Through a series of assembled architectures, fabricated through both additive and subtractive manufacturing techniques, the research explores the idea of an automated system producing unit-based structures using pick-in-place robotics and digitally fabricated units.
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Mangliár, L., und M. Hudert. „Enabling circularity in building construction: Experiments with robotically assembled interlocking structures“. In Structures and Architecture A Viable Urban Perspective?, 585–92. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003023555-70.
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Johnson, Matthew, und Jeffrey M. Bradshaw. „How Interdependence Explains the World of Teamwork“. In Engineering Artificially Intelligent Systems, 122–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89385-9_8.
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AbstractCurrent attempts to understand human-machine systems are complex and unwieldy. Multiple disciplines throw different concepts and constructs at the problem, but there is no agreed-to framework to assemble these interrelated moving parts into a coherent system. We propose interdependence as the common factor that unifies and explains these moving parts and undergirds the different terms people use to talk about them. In this chapter, we will describe a sound and practical theoretical framework based on interdependence that enables researchers to predict and explain experimental results in terms of interlocking relationships among well-defined operational principles. Our exposition is not intended to be exhaustive, but instead aims to describe the basic principles in a way that allows the gist to be grasped by a broad cross-disciplinary audience through simple illustrations.
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Mousavian, Elham, Claudia Casapulla und Katalin Bagi. „The Influence of Geometry on the Frictional Sliding of ∧ and ∨ Shaped Interlocking Joints in Masonry Assemblages“. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Architecture, Materials and Construction, 37–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94514-5_5.
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Culliney, John L., und David Jones. „The Quickening of Chemistry“. In The Fractal Self. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824866617.003.0003.
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For billions of years, competition and cooperation (or attractive forces) oscillated in influence in the evolution of the universe. Consistently, the latter prevailed with a slight edge in that affinitive entities in the universe were free to associate, bond, assemble, facilitate, and cooperate, rise above the leveling action of competition, and generate emergence on progressively higher levels: chemical, biological, and social. This chapter returns to cooperation and examines its constructive power in what might be termed ascendant chemistry—the self-organization of molecules and catalysis that led through pathways of burgeoning complexity to the threshold of biology and the evolution of life on earth. Against the illogic of “creation science,” modern biochemical research illuminates how life arose as an assemblage of complex molecules with strong cooperative tendencies within and among themselves. Carbon’s capacity to build with itself and other elements tremendously variable molecular structures with interlocking functions—most notably of the four basic complex chemicals of life: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)—ultimately led to the evolution of living cells.
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Michnik, Monika, und Karol Dzięgielewski. „Chronologia i rozwój przestrzenny nekropoli / Chronology and spatial development of the cemetery“. In Cmentarzysko w wczesnej epoki żelaza w Świbiu na Górnym Śląsku. Tom 2, 114–26. Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/swibie2022.2.4.
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By applying the seriation method to a group of 129 assemblages distinguished by a ‘non-male’ model of grave furnishing and containing at least two distinctive metal objects, it was possible to divide the lifespan of the cemetery into three chronological stages. These were characterised by stylistically different (but interlocking) sets of ornaments and dress items. An attempt to relate these phases to the periodisation systems developed for the areas to the north, west, and south confirmed contacts with the Oder zone as early as during the early phase, which we synchronise with Ha C1b. What has also emerged in the course of the present study is another factor characteristic of this early phase, one that has not been taken into account in previous studies, namely the evidence of contacts with the northern lowland zone. These are legible mainly in the distinctive style of neck and hand ornaments: necklaces of the Wendelringe or unidirectionally twisted type, with loops or fastened with a hook, usually occurring no further south than Greater Poland, and bracelets with distant Pomeranian references. The presence of this style seems to have contributed in subsequent phases to the production of local types of ring ornaments (e.g., pointed necklaces of the Mąkolice type). The presence of northern bronzes of possibly such an early chronology (Ha C1) in the Polish Plain, especially at its southern edge, has so far been only sporadically reported, especially in the range of the Upper Silesian-Lesser Poland group. Nevertheless, contacts with the north at the turn of the Bronze Age and early Iron Age have already been suggested in the context of the northwards ‘diffusion’ of the idea of inhumation. early phase reveal strong influences coming evidently from the south, from the Moravian Gate region. This is indicated by the appearance of bracelets with thickened ends (e.g., Kietrz type) or richly decorated necklaces fastened with a hook (Domasław type) in many graves of this phase. The exact temporal relationship between the two groups of finds is difficult to determine – they appear inseparable on the seriation diagram (Figs. 4.1–2), with the Silesian Hallstatt style continuing much longer, into the middle phase. In addition, the early phase provides evidence that the Świbie community had access to very valuable goods from southern Europe, such as beads made of vitreous materials (glass and glassy faience, still scarce at the time) or flat iron axes with broad heads (Ärmchenbeile of type III3). It is with this phase that the most impressive burial in Świbie, grave 102, is connected. It belonged to a woman furnished with a local button diadem and the largest set of imports in the cemetery, comprising of a glass bead necklace with a unique ‘star’ shaped bead, a bronze harp fibula decorated with chains, a bronze necklace, and perhaps also bracelets (Garbacz-Klempka et al., Chapter 15). Another noteworthy burial from the early phase is grave 125, in which a dyed fabric of dense yarn, undoubtedly imported from eastern Alpine region, was found (Słomska-Bolonek, Antosik, Chapter 12). A phenomenon typical of the early phase is emphasising the status of some women (but from many families) by furnishing their burials not only with prestigious imports but also with sumptuous local ornaments. Among the latter, the most important markers of status and local identity (of traditional dress?) were headbands with sewn-on bronze (less often lead) buttons. In the burial ritual, the primacy of inhumation is evident. This means that an exclusively local population substrate, cultivating traditions derived from previous eras, continued to play significant role, while the role of exogamy was perhaps still limited. Most likely before the end of the early phase, and certainly in the middle phase (Ha C2), we observe a gradual disappearance of northern stylistic inspiration in ornament making. Meanwhile, permanent contacts with the strongly Hallstattized communities from the right-bank Upper Silesia and Central Silesia continued, noticeable mainly in the spectrum of ornaments. Some references to the necropolis at Domasław are evident (decorated necklaces, painted pottery), but there are also clear differences, including the lack of adoption of costume fastened with a brooch or brooches (Fibeltracht) and the absence of aristocratic burials furnished with swords. There are also no direct parallels in Świbie for sumptuous tomb constructions (chambered graves), although this may be due to the well- established local traditions of lining the bottoms of graves with wood, building grave boxes, or using coffins. The increasing occurrence of cremation, sometimes as burials added to earlier inhumation graves (resulting in ‘biritual graves’), may be seen as an expression of the increasing openness of the local population to external influences or as a move away from endogamy. All these phenomena become more pronounced in the late phase, which we synchronise with the developed Ha C2 and Ha D1. From this stage come most of the glass beads found in Świbie. This applies to both complete necklaces and beads placed to graves in smaller numbers, and the number of burials furnished with such beads is higher than in the early phase. Silesian painted vessels, essentially absent in the early phase, now appear in more than a dozen graves, both with and without indicators of high status (Chapter 5). Most of the graves with amber come from this phase. The growing frequency of these middle-class imports is indicative of increasing egalitarianism, which is also reflected by the insignificant proportion of late phase assemblages among the richest grave furnishings in the ranking developed for the cemetery as a whole (Fig. 5.2). This was not due to the disappearance of local ways of prestige signalling – traditional headbands (diadems), for example, are still present, and are even richer (up to 140 buttons). At the same time, from the late phase onwards, all locally manufactured types of ornaments (necklaces, pins, bracelets, ankle-rings) are basically made of iron. Morphologically, these are familiar types, but the raw material from which they are made gradually changes during the middle phase. The change in raw material is often accompanied by a simplification of the original patterns. Given all the evidence for long-distance networks becoming increasingly accessible for a growing proportion of the local community, the rise in popularity of cremation, evident in the late phase and especially towards the end of cemetery’s lifespan, should come as no surprise (Fig. 6.1), as this phenomenon remains, in our view, linked to the growing role of exogamy in marital exchange. The natural and increasingly important partners in this exchange were the Silesian populations, who were also the providers of the above-mentioned goods, and who had for centuries been traditionally following cremation as their burial rite. The most recent burials deposited at Świbie are cremation burials in large pots as urns, such as grave 486 with an iron belt clasp, dated to the turn of the Ha D1/D2 period, deposited on the northern edge of the necropolis.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Interlocking assemblies"
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Tessmann, Oliver. „Topological Interlocking Assemblies“. In eCAADe 2012 : Digital Physicality. eCAADe, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2.211.
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Li, DeQuan, Xiaoguang Yang und Duncan McBranch. „Molecular Architectural Approaches to Nonlinear Optical Materials“. In Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1996.nthe.12.
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The design and construction of artificial supramolecular architectures on surfaces is of great current interest and represents an important aspect of molecular self-assembly, because self-assembly offers highly ordered mesoscale structures with desired chemical functionalities and physical properties. The fabrication of polar molecular superstructures proves particularly challenging since polar molecular materials are essential to second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) technologies. Several approaches such as the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and liquid crystals have been reported to generate molecular-based materials with organized polar structures. However, the orientation in these materials is maintained by weak bonding or steric hindrance, which lose the polar alignment over time. Recent developments in self-assembly and host-guest chemistry offer a novel route to ordered materials through the design and synthesis of new molecular building blocks that can be organized into supramolecular assemblies. The synthetic approach here is to fix dipole orientation by structural interlocking of NLO chromophores into cone conformation, and then to utilize them to build polar self-assembled monolayers. In this report, we discuss the molecular design of calixarene-based, NLO molecular "pyramids", their monolayer self-assemblies on oxide surfaces, and their spectroscopic second order NLO properties.
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Sinha, K., D. Farley, T. Kahnert, S. Solares, A. Dasgupta, J. F. J. Caers und X. J. Zhao. „Cold Welding Phenomenon in Adhesively Bonded Flip-Chip Interconnects“. In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12650.
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In the conversion to Pb-free electronics, there has been increasing interest in conductive adhesive interconnects, as they combine Pb-free materials with the added benefit of low temperature processing. This work explores the degradation mechanisms and kinetics in adhesively bonded Au-bumped flip chip interconnects. Earlier researchers have suggested that electrical contact is by mechanical interfacial compression caused cure-induced shrinkage of the adhesive and degradation is by stress relaxation of the adhesive material during temperature and moisture cycling throughout the life cycle. However, temperature cycling conducted here raises questions about the validity of this hypothesis since no such progressive degradation is found under temperature cycling. Instead, overstress failures were found at cold temperatures. The alternate interconnection mechanism between the Au bumps, suggested by this study, is metallurgical bonding by cold welding or mechanical interlocking. Experimental and modeling results showing evidence of this cold welding phenomenon are presented here. First, the surface roughness of unmated and mated Au bumps are characterized on flip-chip dies, since the amount of surface flattening provides insights into both mechanical interlocking as well as propensity for cold-welding. A corresponding elastic-plastic, large-deformation finite element modeling with nonlinear contact surfaces is used to further understand and quantify this surface-flattening phenomenon. Next, pull tests for flip-chip to flip-chip assemblies were designed to measure the bond strength and observe the temperature & time dependence of the strength at the interface. The results clearly showed strong evidence that the bonding mechanism may be either diffusionassisted metallurgical bonding or increase in contact area over time due to new bond formation. This work is somewhat novel, as prior examples of low-temperature cold welding are mostly for very thin gold films.
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Kedward, Keith T. „Design Approaches for Optical Structures in Space Communication Systems“. In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0388.
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Abstract In a wide variety of space communication systems advanced composites applications have favorably impacted the performance of optical surfaces and structures. However, there is presently a thrust to advance the state-of-the-art of primary mirrors assemblies for diffraction-limited, visible systems. Such mirror assemblies typically provide areal densities (the index used to convey weight efficiency) ranging from 25 to 30 kg/m2. But composite reflectors have also established their effectiveness by achieving areal densities as low as a few kg/m2 in recent years. As a consequence, opportunities and incentives that embrace composite technology advancements with concomitant benefits to optical performance (enabled by the proven thermal stability advantages) have drawn the attention of the space optics community. In this paper the feasibility of isogrid concepts being used currently for lightweight, precision membrane reflectors is presented and evaluated with respect to future exploitation in the higher precision, mirror applications. We begin with a review of one form of isogrid concept in which the backup structure is comprised of interlocking continuous ribs in the isogrid configuration. Consideration with respect to fiber, matrix, and laminate configuration are presented in the body of the paper. Further, critical design detail treatment is presented with respect to intersections in the backup structure and the attachment of backup structure to the reflector face sheet. Results of a thermal distortion analysis also serve to emphasize the importance of attention to detail in composite design due to the high degree of anisotropy in stiffness, strength and thermal expansion properties. Finally, the translation of the surface precision from that of the original mold surface to the as-fabricated reflector surface as well as to environmental influences will be addressed.
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Emami, Niloufar. „Cast Stereotomy: A Material-Based Investigation of Stereotomic Modules“. In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.46.
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Stereotomy is a traditional construction technique that allows for building architectural structures from discrete stone elements. Stereotomy in this sense is understood as the shaping of solid structural materials to form unique parts that integrally comprise an assembled whole. With the advancement of computational design methods, material properties, and fabrication techniques, the discipline has been “reborn.” In particular, stereotomy can be reinvestigated using materials other than stone such as concrete, or the liquid stone. Concrete has many advantages over stone. Fiber-reinforced concrete can perform in both compression and tension, as opposed to stone which only performs in compression. In addition, the weight of concrete modules can be reduced by using optimized mixes, as well as by designing molds that create hollow spaces in the modules. Concrete is less expensive than stone, and the equipment for its fabrication is widely accessible. Other advantages include the lower cost of concrete compared to stone, and the general economy of material use. In this paper, we present research developed at the LSU School of Architecture investigating the design of stereotomic modules and assemblies made of concrete that comprise a topological, interlocking structural catenary arch wherein variability of form is controlled. Digital tools such as Rhino and Grasshopper were employed to push the boundaries of form generation in the design of the arch, while the Karamba plug-in for Grasshopper was used for structural performance assessment. 3D printing was utilized to make formwork for creating the complex voussoirs. In particular, stereolithography (SLA) 3D printers were employed where elastic resin was used. A small-scale assembly of the arch was 3D-printed, followed by the primary experiments of 3D printing formwork for the modules. This research demonstrates the growing potential of 3D printing for creating stereotomic formwork.
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BISWAL, AGNI K., ANKUSH NANDI, HUNG WANG und ANIRUDDH VASHISTH. „ULTRASONIC WELDING OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED VITRIMER COMPOSITES“. In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Eighth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc38/36527.
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The welding of composites has become a crucial step in the production of complex composite parts. Typically, various welding and joining techniques are used to manufacture composite assemblies. However, ultrasonic welding is one of the most popular methods for welding thermoplastic composites and cannot be used for composites with a thermosetting matrix. This study employed ultrasonic welding process for fiber-reinforced polymer composites with a dynamic covalent adaptive network (CAN). We used a thermosetting polymeric network with an associative dynamic CAN, commonly known as vitrimers; the dynamic nature of these polymers makes them reprocessable, recyclable, and reusable. These polymers can be crosslinked like thermosets but flow as thermoplastics at elevated temperatures. Thin composites were fabricated by reinforcing glass fibers into the vitrimer polymeric matrix and then welded together using ultrasonic welding. This work represents the first demonstration of welding vitrimer glass fiber-reinforced composites (vGFRC). The vGFRC matrix employed transesterification molecular exchange reactions to initiate chain mobility, leading to interlocking and rearrangement reactions on the bondline during the welding process. We evaluated the mechanical, chemical, and morphological properties of welded lap joints before and after mechanical testing. Shear strengths of 10 MPa were observed for vGFRC, indicating good weldability properties of vitrimer surfaces. The reprocessable nature of these composites was evaluated by repeated testing of lap shear strength followed by ultrasonic welding over five cycles. Additionally, we evaluated the surface functionality and atomic percentage on the fractured surface using FTIR and XPS, respectively. This exciting discovery shows that high frequency and pressure can be used to weld and reprocess polymers with dynamic molecular networks by exploiting molecular fusion and rearrangement reactions at the bondline.
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Han, Wenbin, Lieyun Ding, Cheng Zhou, Yan Zhou und Hanbin Luo. „AN ASSEMBLED AND INTERLOCKING LUNAR BASE AND ITS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS“. In Creative Construction e-Conference 2023. Online: Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ccc2023-013.
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Ermolai, Vasile, Alexandru Sover und Gheorghe Nagît. „Design and testing of multi-material flexure hinges for Fused Filament Fabrication“. In 4th International Conference. Business Meets Technology. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/bmt2022.2022.15332.
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Flexure hinges are non-assemble flexible joints that allow the relative rotation of two adjacent rigid parts through bending. Traditionally thermoplastic material hinges are made through injection moulding. 3D printing technologies such as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) introduced new possibilities regarding hinges development due to design freedom and the availability of multiple materials. However, the current state of the art focuses mainly on single materials hinges with non-symmetrical design for one-way folding. For this reason, this paper aimed to identify and test multiple design solutions for two-way folding hinges made of compatible and low-compatible thermoplastic materials using design thinking methods. The design process considered the materials' bond formation, resulting in overlapping designs for compatible materials and interlocking designs for the others. The considered materials were acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) with thermoplastic co-polyesters (TPC) for the hinge. The resulting designs of multi-material two-way folding hinges were tested using a tensile test to evaluate the performance of the interlocking mechanism. The results show that macroscopic interlocking provides the best results.
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Casapulla, Claudia, und Elham Mousavian. „A HEURISTIC METHOD FOR MODELLING THE SLIDING RESISTANCE OF MASONRY ASSEMBLAGES OF INTERLOCKING BLOCKS“. In 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120119.6952.19547.
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Casapulla, C., E. Mousavian, L. Argiento und C. Ceraldi. „Experimental Investigation on the Torsion-Shear Behaviour at the Interfaces of Interlocking Masonry Block Assemblages“. In 12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.103.
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Ali, Usman, Mamoru Kikumoto, Matteo Ciantia und Ying Cui. Direct observation of particle kinematics in biaxial shearing test. University of Dundee, Dezember 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001233.
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Biaxial shearing tests on dual-sized, 2d particle assemblies are conducted at several confining pressures. The effect of particle angularity, an important mesoscale shape descriptor, is investigated at the macro and micro levels. Macroscopically, it is observed that assemblies composed of angular particles exhibit higher strengths and dilations. The difference observed in bulk behavior due to particle angularity can be explained reasonably by considering particle-level mechanisms. A novel 2D image analysis technique is employed to estimate particle kinematics. Particle rotation results to be a key mechanism strongly influenced by particle shape determining the overall granular behavior. Unlike circular particles, angular ones are more resistant to rotations due to stronger interlocking and consequently exhibit higher strengths.
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Kinser, Ryan, Mark Barkey, Timothy Rushing, Abby Cisko, Lyan Garcia, Paul Allison und J. Jordon. Computationally efficient modeling of lightweight expeditionary airfield surfacing systems at large length scales. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Februar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48266.
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Expeditionary airfield matting systems are lightweight, portable surfaces that enable the rapid deployment of infrastructure to support aircraft operations. Individual matting components are assembled via interlocking joints to construct arrays that serve as temporary aircraft operating surfaces. The paper outlines the homogenization of the AM2 portable airfield matting system and its interlocking mechanisms to permit computationally efficient analyses toward understanding mechanisms that influence the global behavior of these arrays and underlying subgrade during aircraft maneuvers. An equivalent orthotropic two-dimensional continuum was developed from finite element analysis of a detailed three-dimensional model and its flexural behavior was validated against experimental data and solid finite element models. Interlocking joints were characterized using node-to-node connector elements based on subscale finite element studies. Both components were implemented into a full-scale model representative of a typical test section, and responses to static high tire pressure aircraft loads were analyzed over a soil foundation representing a California bearing ratio of 6%, yielding promising agreement with experimental data. Results of this study reveal an inherent coupling between load transfer, mat deflection, and near-surface subgrade stress with dependence on tire location, mat core shear flexibility, and joint stiffness.
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Willey, Trevor M. Characterization of Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayers and Surface-Attached Interlocking Molecules Using Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15014054.
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