Zeitschriftenartikel: „Interfirm comparison“

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Vermeulen, EM, J. Spronk und D. van der Wijst. „Visualizing interfirm comparison“. Omega 22, Nr. 4 (Juli 1994): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(94)90059-0.

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Johansen, Kåre, und Bjarne Strøm. „Efficiency Wages, Interfirm Comparison, and Unemployment“. Southern Economic Journal 68, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2001): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2001.tb00425.x.

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3

Johansen, Kare, und Bjarne Strom. „Efficiency Wages, Interfirm Comparison, and Unemployment“. Southern Economic Journal 68, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2001): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1061600.

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4

Poh Koon, Helen Tan, und Meng-Hye Lee. „HELPING BUSINESSES IMPROVE IN PLANNING AND PERFORMANCE THROUGH INTERFIRM COMPARISON— THE EXPERIENCE OF THE SINGAPORE GARMENT INDUSTRY“. Journal of Enterprising Culture 01, Nr. 01 (Juni 1993): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495893000087.

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It is recognised that the overall success of a business depends very much on the quality of management planning, and management needs relevant information in order to plan effectively. However, most management information systems are centered on information obtained in-house. Very little emphasis is placed on external information, except some very general information published by Government bodies. If it is possible to incorporate information from other similar firms into the analysis, a firm will be able to plan and therefore compete more efficiently and improve its overall performance. The application of interfirm comparison studies as an analytical tool to aid management in planning and performance improvement has been well developed and widely accepted in many developed countries. This paper explains the first application of interfirm comparison studies on a wide and comprehensive scale in Singapore, with particular reference to the garment industry business.

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Matanda, Margaret Jekanyika, und Nelson Oly Ndubisi. „A comparison of interfirm relational capabilities in internationalising small-business enterprises (SBEs) and large firms in a developing country“. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 13, Nr. 3/4 (2011): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeim.2011.039824.

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Caron, Emiel, und Hennie Daniels. „Explanatory Business Analytics in OLAP“. International Journal of Business Intelligence Research 4, Nr. 3 (Juli 2013): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbir.2013070105.

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In this paper the authors describe a method to integrate explanatory business analytics in OLAP information systems. This method supports the discovery of exceptional values in OLAP data and the explanation of such values by giving their underlying causes. OLAP applications offer a support tool for business analysts and accountants in analyzing financial data because of the availability of different views and managerial reporting facilities. The purpose of the methods and algorithms presented here, is to extend OLAP applications with more powerful analysis and reporting functions. The authors describe how exceptional values at any level in the data, can be automatically detected by statistical models. Secondly, a generic model for diagnosis of atypical values is realized in the OLAP context. By applying it, a full explanation tree of causes at successive levels can be generated. If the tree is too large, the analyst can use appropriate filtering measures to prune the tree to a manageable size. This methodology has a wide range of applications such as interfirm comparison, analysis of sales data and the analysis of any other data that possess a multi-dimensional hierarchical structure. The method is demonstrated in a case study on financial data.

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van der Wijst, D. „Modelling interfirm comparisons in small business“. Omega 18, Nr. 2 (Januar 1990): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(90)90059-i.

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Almor, Amit. „Why Does Language Interfere with Vision-Based Tasks?“ Experimental Psychology 55, Nr. 4 (Januar 2008): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.4.260.

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Conversation with a remote person can interfere with performing vision-based tasks. Two experiments tested the role of general executive resources and spatial attentional resources in this interference. Both experiments assessed performance in vision-based tasks as participants engaged in a language task involving a virtual remote speaker. In both experiments, the language task interfered with the vision task more when participants were speaking or planning what to say next than when they were listening. In Experiment 1, speaking or planning what to say next were also associated with higher interference from a visual distractor than listening, indicating that preparing to speak and speaking pose higher executive requirements than listening. In both experiments, localizing the voice of the remote speaker to the front of participants slightly reduced interference in comparison to other directions. This suggests that remote conversation requires spatial attention resources for representing the position of the remote person.

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Fukuchi, Ilana, Dafne Patrícia Cerchiari, Eduardo Garcia, Carlos Eduardo Borges Rezende und Priscila Bogar Rapoport. „Tympanoplasty: Surgical results and a comparison of the factors that may interfere in their success“. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 72, Nr. 2 (März 2006): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1808-8694(15)30067-7.

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Gądek-Moszczak, Aneta, Leszek Wojnar und Adam Piwowarczyk. „Comparison of Selected Shading Correction Methods“. System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0105.

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AbstractShade effect is a defect of the images very often invisible for human vision perception but may cause difficulties in proper image processing and object detection especially if the aim of the task is to proceed detection and quantitative analysis of the objects. There are several methods in image processing systems or presented in the literature, however some of them introduce unexpected changes in the images, what may interfere the final quantitative analysis. In order to solve this problem, authors proposed a new method for shade correction, which is based on simulation of the image background based on analytical methods which return pixel values representing smooth grey level changes. Comparison of the effects of correction by applying standard methods and the method proposed are presented.

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Курбаналиев, Абдикерим Ырысбаевич, Бурулгул Рахманбердиевна Ойчуева, Анипа Ташбаевна Калмурзаева, Аманбек Жайнакович Жайнаков und Топчубай Чокоевич Култаев. „Critical comparison of the different versions of the OpenFOAM on the simulation of spillway“. Вычислительные технологии, Nr. 2 (22.06.2021): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/ict.2021.26.2.004.

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Приведены предварительные результаты численного моделирования двухфазного течения двух несжимаемых и несмешивающихся жидкостей через водослив трапециевидной формы. Целью работы была демонстрация возможностей решателя interFoam различных версий открытого пакета OpenFoam при моделировании рассматриваемого класса течений. Численные расчеты проведены с использованием входящего в состав OpenFoam руководства weirOverFlow. В пакете OpenFOAM6 коэффициент fvcDdtPhiCoeff для вычисления потоков массы на гранях ячеек изменен в целях улучшения устойчивости/точности и исключения осцилляций давления при высоких числах Куранта. Он вычисляется с использованием значений плотности и потока массы с предыдущего временн´ого шага. Результаты численных расчетов показывают, что такие изменения вызывают чрезмерно быстрый переход от нестационарного течения к стационарному. The results of numerical simulation for a two-phase flow of two incompressible and immiscible liquids through a trapezoidal spillway are presented. To simulate the free boundary, we used the method of fluid volume. The aim of the work was to demonstrate the capabilities of the various versions of interFoam solver of the OpenFOAM package for modelling the considered class of flows. Numerical calculations were performed using the OpenFOAM weirOverFlow tutorial. In order to improve the consistency, usability, flexibility and ease of modifying the interFoam solver, the existing interDyMFoam solver with the local dynamic mesh adaptation function was combined with the interFoam solver with a static computational mesh. In addition, in the OpenFOAM6 package, the fvcDdtPhiCoeff coefficient used for calculating the time derivative and taking into account the Rhie- Chow correction on the collocated grid for calculating mass fluxes on the cell faces was changed in order to improve stability/accuracy and eliminate pressure oscillations at high Courant numbers. The calculation of fvcDdtPhiCoeff coefficient in OpenFOAM5 requires the density value from the current time step along with the mass flow value from the previous time step, while in OpenFOAM6, both density and mass flow values are taken from the previous time step for calculation of the fvcDdtPhiCoeff coefficient. The results of numerical calculations of the OpenFOAM6 package show that such changes lead to an excessively fast transition of the transient flow to the stationary one in comparison with other versions of the OpenFOAM package.

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Antonietti, Alessandro, Paola Cerana und Laura Scafidi. „Mental Visualization before and after Problem Presentation: A Comparison“. Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, Nr. 1 (Februar 1994): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.1.179.

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Three experiments were carried out to study the effects on problem solving of visualization when subjects (secondary-school students and undergraduates) were instructed to generate mental images before the problem was presented and when they received such a hint after being given the problem. In each experiment an arithmetic, a geometric, and a practical problem were presented in three different conditions, a control condition, an “imagery-before” condition, and an “imagery-after” condition. Analysis showed that, in general, the “imagery-after” task helps subjects to overcome the misleading or fixating tendencies which interfere with problem solution; in contrast, the “imagery-before” task may enhance such tendencies.

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Khan, Asif Ullah, Muhammad Khalid Azam Khan, Abdul Latif Khattak, Shazia Naz, Syed Karamat Hussain Shah Bukhari und Muhammad Tahir Ibrahim. „COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF TOTAL LARYNGEAL ANESTHESIA AND SIMPLE LOCAL ANESTHESIA DURING AWAKE FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY“. PAFMJ 71, Nr. 6 (30.12.2021): 1911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.5476.

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Objective: To compare the efficacy of total laryngeal anesthesia and simple local anesthesia during awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pulmonology, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Jan to Jul 2020. Methodology: A total of 70 patients, who were undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy were divided into two groups. Group-I patients were given topical anesthesia with 2% Lignocaine while group-II patients, in addition to topical Lignocaine, had 2% Lignocaine injected into bilateral internal laryngeal nerves for total laryngeal anesthesia. Assessment of efficacy of anesthesia was evaluated by Reasoner scale. Results: In group-I, 26 (74.28%) patients showed mild or moderate cough and gagging during stage-1. Fifteen (42.85%) patients showed moderate cough and gagging that interfered with the procedure during stage-2 and 19 (54.28%) patients showed mild cough or gagging that did not interfere with the procedure in stage-3. In group-II, 17 (48.57%) patients exhibited mild cough or gagging during stage-1. Sixteen (45.71%) exhibited mild cough or gagging that did not interfere with the procedure during stage-2 with all the patients showing either no cough or mild cough and gagging that did not interfere with the procedure during stage-3. More patients of group-II 32 (91.42%) agreed to a repeat test if required medically as compared to group-I 28 (80%). Conclusion: Patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy who underwent total laryngeal anesthesia and sedation, in addition to topical anesthesia experienced less cough and gagging than those receiving only local anesthesia.

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Ritter, D., R. Stott, N. Grant und M. H. Nahm. „Endogenous antibodies that interfere with thyroxine fluorescence polarization assay but not with radioimmunoassay or EMIT“. Clinical Chemistry 39, Nr. 3 (01.03.1993): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.3.508.

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Abstract We have identified an individual whose thyroxine (T4) concentration was undetectable with Abbott's fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) but within the reference range by radioimmunoassay or EMIT (Syva). The patient's thyrotropin, triiodothyronine, and T-uptake values were within the normal range. The T4 concentration measured by FPIA increased to normal when the immunoglobulin fraction was selectively removed from the serum. When the patient's immunoglobulin fraction was added to normal serum, the T4 content of the normal serum measured by FPIA became falsely low. The patient's antibody interfered with the T4 FPIA by binding to the fluorescein-T4 conjugate. The T-uptake was less affected by the patient's serum because of the low affinity of the patient's antibody to fluorescein-T4 (K = 3.5 x 10(8) L/mol). The patient's immunoglobulin bound preferentially to fluorescein-T4, in comparison with binding to fluorescein or T4 alone. We conclude that the patient's immunoglobulin bound to an epitope unique to the fluorescein-conjugated T4.

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Scariot, Rafaela, Paola Corso, Briana Gonsar, Navenett Gill, Paula Cristina Trevillato, Anitha Potluri und Alexandre Rezende Vieira. „TMJ arthrosis: does the occlusal relationship really interfere? A comparison between cone beam computed tomography and dried skulls“. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 41, Nr. 4 (14.12.2018): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-018-2167-1.

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Alberti, Luiz Ronaldo, Márcia Rodrigues Daian und Andy Petroianu. „Does a previous surgical experience interfere on psychic stress in patients submitted to major surgery?“ Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 41, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): 043–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69912014000100009.

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OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the impact of stress in patients undergoing major surgeries under general anesthesia, relating their physical and psychic reactions to the different stages of stress. METHODS: we studied 100 adult patients of both genders, who were divided into two groups: Group 1 - 22 patients without experience with surgery; Group 2 - 78 patients previously submitted to medium and major surgery. To investigate the stress, we used the Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults, developed by Lipp, the day before the procedure and two days and seven days after the operation. The comparison of groups with respect to gender, pain, and percentage of stress were performed using the Chi-square test, and for the age variable the Student's t test was used. Differences were considered significant at p<0.05. RESULTS: the groups were not homogeneous as for the overall percentage of stress on the three measurements. G1 had decreased postoperative stress, whilst in G2 it increased. Psychological symptoms of stress prevailed in both groups. CONCLUSION: previous surgery reduced preoperative stress but did not affect postoperative emotional disorders.

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Mohapatra, R., M. R. Ranjit und A. P. Dash. „The effect of chitin synthesis inhibitors on the development of Brugia malayi in Aedes aegypti“. Journal of Helminthology 70, Nr. 3 (September 1996): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00015522.

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AbstractTwo chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) viz., triflumuron and hexaflumuron interfere with the development of Brugia malayi in Aedes aegypti (a black-eyed Liverpool strain). The development of B. malayi was slow in both the treated populations and the infection rate, infectivity rate and L3 load per mosquito decreased significantly (P< 0.001) in comparison with untreated controls. Hexaflumuron was found to be more inhibiting than triflumuron.

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Jelihovschi, Igor, Cristian Drochioi, Aida Corina Badescu, Raoul Vasile Lupusoru, Alexandra Elena Munteanu, Nicolae Baranov, Daniela Manuc et al. „Comparison of Sampling Techniques For qPCR Quantification of Periodontal Pathogens“. Revista de Chimie 68, Nr. 12 (15.01.2018): 2853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.12.5993.

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The diagnosis of periodontal disease is mainly based on use of clinical and radiographic evidence. In this study we employed a quantitative PCR analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Treponema denticola as species strongly involved in periodontal diseases, burden in periodontal pockets to detect the main sampling factors that interfere with qPCR results. From 22 patients with advanced periodontal disease, subgingival plaque was comparatively collected by paper points and periodontal Gracey curettes. Samples were collected from the same situs in presence of gingival bleeding and absence of bleeding. The concordance and agreement of results between samples were assessed. The present study demonstrates that subgingival plaque sampling with sterile absorbable paper points is often accompanied by gingival bleeding resulting in quantification biases of periodontal pathogens.

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Dean, Graham M., Stephen A. Dewhurst und Annalise Whittaker. „Dynamic Visual Noise Interferes with Storage in Visual Working Memory“. Experimental Psychology 55, Nr. 4 (Januar 2008): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.4.283.

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Several studies have demonstrated that dynamic visual noise (DVN) does not interfere with memory for random matrices. This has led to suggestions that (a) visual working memory is distinct from imagery, and (b) visual working memory is not a gateway between sensory input and long-term storage. A comparison of the interference effects of DVN with memory for matrices and colored textures shows that DVN can interfere with visual working memory, probably at a level of visual detail not easily supported by long-term memory structures or the recoding of the visual pattern elements. The results support a gateway model of visuospatial working memory and raise questions about the most appropriate ways to measure and model the different levels of representation of information that can be held in visual working memory.

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Soares Freitas Sampaio, Carlos Rodrigo, Felipe J. Aidar, Alexandre R. P. Ferreira, Jymmys Lopes dos Santos, Anderson Carlos Marçal, Dihogo Gama de Matos, Raphael Fabrício de Souza et al. „Can Creatine Supplementation Interfere with Muscle Strength and Fatigue in Brazilian National Level Paralympic Powerlifting?“ Nutrients 12, Nr. 9 (19.08.2020): 2492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092492.

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The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of creatine (Cr) supplementation on peak torque (PT) and fatigue rate in Paralympic weightlifting athletes. Eight Paralympic powerlifting athletes participated in the study, with 25.40 ± 3.30 years and 70.30 ± 12.15 kg. The measurements of muscle strength, fatigue index (FI), peak torque (PT), force (kgf), force (N), rate of force development (RFD), and time to maximum isometric force (time) were determined by a Musclelab load cell. The study was performed in a single-blind manner, with subjects conducting the experiments first with placebo supplementation and then, following a 7-day washout period, beginning the same protocol with creatine supplementation for 7 days. This sequence was chosen because of the lengthy washout of creatine. Regarding the comparison between conditions, Cr supplementation did not show effects on the variables of muscle force, peak torque, RFD, and time to maximum isometric force (p > 0.05). However, when comparing the results of the moments with the use of Cr and placebo, a difference was observed for the FI after seven days (U3: 1.12; 95% CI: (0.03, 2.27); p = 0.02); therefore, the FI was higher for placebo. Creatine supplementation has a positive effect on the performance of Paralympic powerlifting athletes, reducing fatigue index, and keeping the force levels as well as PT.

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Pressey, Alexander W., und Bernd Kersten. „Attention and the Müller-Lyer Illusion: Simulation of an Experiment by Larsen and Garn“. Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, Nr. 3_suppl (Juni 1989): 1323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.3c.1323.

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An assimilation theory of visual distortion which emphasizes the role of attention was used to explain results obtained by Larsen and Garn (1988). A computer simulation of their experiment showed a close relationship ( r = .81) between obtained and predicted patterns of results in Müller-Lyer configurations. It was deemed unnecessary to postulate a separate effect in which fins of Müller-Lyer figures interfere with the ability to make a veridical comparison between shafts.

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Hurtado, J. C., S. H. Kim, K. E. Pollok, Z. H. Lee und B. S. Kwon. „Potential role of 4-1BB in T cell activation. Comparison with the costimulatory molecule CD28.“ Journal of Immunology 155, Nr. 7 (01.10.1995): 3360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.155.7.3360.

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Abstract The expression of the murine T cell Ag 4-1BB, a member of the TNF-R family, is induced by T cell activation. Previously, we and others had shown that signaling through 4-1BB enhanced proliferative T cell responses. To investigate a potential role for the interaction of 4-1BB with its ligand (4-1BBL) in T cell activation, we studied the ability of a soluble chimera of 4-1BB (4-1BBFc) to interfere with proliferative responses and cytokine production in models of activation dependent in intercellular interactions. The potential blocking effect of 4-1BBFc was compared with that of the chimeric molecule CTLA-4Ig, a reagent known to interfere with the interaction of CD28 (and/or CTLA-4) with B7 costimulatory receptors. In this study, we report that 4-1BBFc partially blocked both the activation of unfractionated splenocytes triggered by soluble anti-CD3 (anti-CD3s), and the more physiologically relevant responses to alloantigen. In addition, we show that both chimeric molecules partially blocked proliferative responses and IL-2 secretion by highly purified resting T cells activated with anti-CD3s in the presence of fixed accessory cells that express B7 receptors and 4-1BBL. Furthermore, in this model system, the blocking capacity of 4-1BBFc and CTLA-4Ig appears to correlate with the relative expression of their respective cognate receptors (4-1BBL and B7) on the accessory cell. Simultaneous addition of both blocking reagents produced an additive effect in the model systems studied.

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Tripathi, Tripti, und Rakesh Kumar. „Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Dementia Progression Detection“. International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 14, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.312553.

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Dementia is a neurological disease that that encompasses a wide range of conditions like verbal communication, problem-solving, and other judgment abilities that are severely sufficient to interfere with daily life. It is among the leading causes of vulnerability among the elderly all over the world. A considerable amount of research has been conducted in this area so that we can perform early detection of the disease, yet further research into its betterment is still an emerging trend. This article compares the performance of multiple machine learning models for dementia detection and classification using brain MRI data, including support vector machine, random forest, AdaBoost, and XGBoost. Meanwhile, the research conducts a systematic assessment of papers for the clinical categorization of dementia using ML algorithms and neuroimaging data. The authors used 373 participants from the OASIS database. Among the tested models, RF model exhibited the best performance with 83.92% accuracy, 87.5% precision, 81.67% recall, 84.48% F1-score, 81.67% sensitivity, and 88.46% specificity.

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Rodriguez-Tudela, Juan Luis, Alicia Gomez-Lopez, Maiken C. Arendrup, Guillermo Garcia-Effron, David S. Perlin, Cornelia Lass-Flörl und Manuel Cuenca-Estrella. „Comparison of Caspofungin MICs by Means of EUCAST Method EDef 7.1 Using Two Different Concentrations of Glucose“. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, Nr. 7 (17.05.2010): 3056–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00597-10.

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ABSTRACT According to the product insert for Cancidas (caspofungin acetate), the drug must not be diluted in solutions containing glucose as this decreases caspofungin stability. The aim of this study was to compare caspofungin MICs for a collection of yeasts by means of EUCAST method EDef7.1 but using two different concentrations of glucose: 2% versus 0.2%. MICs were identical or within one 2-fold dilution for 93 out of 95 strains (97.9%), showing that glucose does not interfere with susceptibility.

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Recio, Sergio A., Adela F. Iliescu und Isabel de Brugada. „The role of stimulus comparison in animal perceptual learning: Effects of a distractor placement“. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, Nr. 12 (10.02.2018): 2488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818757101.

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Research on perceptual learning shows that the way stimuli are presented leads to different outcomes. The intermixed/blocked (I/B) effect is one of these outcomes, and different mechanisms have been proposed to explain it. In human research, it seems that comparison between stimuli is important, and the placement of a distractor between the pre-exposed stimuli interferes with the effect. Results from animal research are usually interpreted in different terms because the type of procedure normally used in animal perceptual learning does not favour comparison. In our experiments, we explore the possibility that a distractor placed between the to-be-discriminated stimuli may interfere with the perceptual learning process in rats. In Experiment 1, two flavoured solutions are presented in an I/B fashion, with a short time lapse between them to favour comparison, showing the typical I/B effect. In Experiment 2, we introduced a distractor in between the solutions, abolishing this effect. Experiment 3 further replicates this by comparing two intermixed groups with or without distractor. The results replicate the findings from human research, suggesting that comparison also plays an important role in animal perceptual learning.

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SMITH, C. F., und D. E. TOWNSEND. „A New Medium for Determining the Total Plate Count in Food“. Journal of Food Protection 62, Nr. 12 (01.12.1999): 1404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.12.1404.

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SimPlate for Total Plate Count–Color Indicator (TPC-CI, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, Me.) is a new medium that incorporates the redox dye resazurin to detect and quantify bacteria in food. Enumeration is achieved by the most probable number method using a SimPlate device. Viable bacteria are detected in each well of the SimPlate device by the biochemical reduction of resazurin, which is blue, to the pink resorufin or the clear dihydroresorufin indicators. Results after 24 h of incubation for TPC-CI are highly correlated with standard plate count agar after 48 h of incubation. Correlation coefficients from studies conducted at five laboratories ranged from 0.94 to 0.98 in side-by-side comparisons against standard plate count agar. Four additional test sites, using alternative methods for determining the aerobic plate count in food, reported similar results in comparison studies (r = 0.91 to 0.97). The slopes from linear regression analysis at all sites ranged from 0.91 to 0.98, with y intercepts ranging from 0.11 to 0.84. Samples used for the validation of TPC-CI included raw food products (i.e., liver and grains), which may contain natural enzymes that interfere with enzyme-based detection methods. No interference was seen from the foods tested. These results suggest that TPC-CI is a suitable alternative to existing plate count methods and has reduced incubation time.

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Matyus, Steven P., Justyna Wolak-Dinsmore, Erwin Garcia, Randolph M. Young und Margery A. Connelly. „Vantera Mediated Quantification of Urine Citrate and Creatinine: A New Technology to Assess Risk of Nephrolithiasis“. Diagnostics 12, Nr. 11 (27.10.2022): 2606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112606.

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Urine citrate is often used to identify patients at risk of recurrent nephrolithiasis or kidney stones. A high-throughput assay was developed to measure urine citrate and creatinine on the Vantera® Clinical Analyzer, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument designed for the clinical laboratory. Assay performance was evaluated and comparisons between the NMR and chemistry results were conducted. Linearity was demonstrated over a wide range of concentrations for citrate (6 and 2040 mg/L) and creatinine (2.8 and 1308 mg/dL). Intra-and inter-assay precision (%CV) ranged from 0.9 to 3.7% for citrate and 0.4 to 2.1% for creatinine. The correlation coefficients for the comparison between NMR and chemistry results were 0.98 (Y = 1.00X + 5.0) for citrate and 0.96 (Y = 0.968X + 0.97) for creatinine. The reference intervals for both analytes were confirmed. Ten endogenous and exogenous substances were tested and none were found to interfere with the assay results. In conclusion, the newly developed high-throughput NMR assay exhibited robust performance and generated results comparable to the currently utilized chemistry tests, thereby providing an alternative means to simultaneously quantify urine citrate and creatinine for clinical and research use. Furthermore, the NMR assay does not exhibit the same interference limitations as the chemistry tests and it enables multiplexing with other urine metabolite assays which saves time and costs.

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Comeau, Liane, Fred Genesee und Morton Mendelson. „A comparison of bilingual and monolingual children’s conversational repairs“. First Language 30, Nr. 3-4 (August 2010): 354–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723710370530.

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This study examined the conversational repair skills of 2- and 3-year-old French— English bilingual children and monolingual French-speaking children. While the ability to respond to requests for clarification has been well researched in monolingual children, it has not been investigated among bilingual children except to examine their ability to repair breakdowns due to the use of a language not spoken by their interlocutor. The present study provides a direct comparison of bilingual and monolingual children’s repairs of the types of breakdowns in conversations that are experienced by both populations, e.g., breakdowns due to ambiguity, choice of words, mispronunciations, inaudible utterances, and so on. A methodology of stacked requests for clarification was used to examine the range of response strategies and the overall response patterns of the children.The results reveal no differences between the bilingual and the monolingual children’s conversational repair skills. The present findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that bilingualism does not interfere with the language development of simultaneous bilinguals. As well, they extend our understanding of their ability to repair conversational breakdowns of the type that are experienced by all children.

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Garza, Juan F., Michelle Janania Martinez, Prathibha Surapaneni, Tyler W. Snedden, Snegha Ananth, David J. Gregorio, Sushanth Kakarla et al. „Does Insurance Status Interfere with Outcomes in Patients with Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?: The UT Health San Antonio Experience“. Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13.11.2019): 2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129085.

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Introduction: Historically, a lack of health insurance has been reported to correlate with decreased access to medical care, a delay in cancer treatment and poorer outcomes overall. Furthermore, access to preventive services for cancer screening also decrease with lack of medical insurance (1, 2). Also, studies report that an increase in Medicaid expansion help reduce racial disparities previously seen between African American and Caucasian patients (3). The aim of this study was to present and analyze vitality data based on insurance coverage among Hispanic (HI) and non-Hispanic (NH) population at the only NCI designated cancer center of South Texas primarily serving Hispanics. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of a cohort of patients seen with diagnosis of lymphoma by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes from 2008 to 2018 at UT Health San Antonio. Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) cases were not included. Variables included age of diagnosis, lymphoma subtype, stage at diagnosis, comorbidities, treatment received, lines of therapy, B symptoms present, death, and cause of death and current vitality status. Continuously distributed outcomes were summarized with the mean and standard deviation and categorical outcomes were summarized with frequencies and percentages. The significance of variation in the mean with disease category was assessed with one-way ANOVA and the significance of associations between categorical outcomes was assessed with Pearson's Chi Square or Fisher's Exact test as appropriate. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model binary outcomes in terms of covariates and indicators of disease. All statistical testing was two-sided with a significance level of 5%. R1 was used throughout. Primary end point was to characterize insurance status. Secondary end points - overall 3 and 5-year survival based on insurance and demographics. Results: A total of 477 patients with lymphoma were identified. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)( n = 116, 24%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (n = 308, 65%), T cell lymphoma (TCL) ( n = 53, 11%). Subtypes for all indolent lymphomas ( n = 217), of which included; Follicular lymphoma (FL) ( n = 123), Marginal Zone lymphoma (MZL) ( n = 53), Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL) (n = 8), Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) ( n = 28). Overall mean age of diagnosis for all lymphoma subtypes was 51, male patients (n = 244, 51%), female patients (n = 232, 49%), HI (n = 263, 56%) vs NH (n = 204, 44%), Mean BMI at diagnosis was 29 across all lymphoma groups. Most patients identified had Medicare (MC) (n = 115, 24%), or commercial insurance (CI) ( n = 222, 47%), others were approved for indigent care coverage (ICC) (n = 85, 18%), for Medicaid (MI) (n = 17, 4%), or unfunded (UF)( n = 35, 7%). Of those diagnosed with HL (n = 116); 60% (70) had MC or CI, 40% (46) had ICC, MI or were UF. Of those with Indolent Lymphomas (n = 217), 77% (166) had MC or CI and 23% (49) had ICC, MI or UF; and among patients with T cell lymphomas (n = 53), 63% (22) had MC or CI and 37% (13) ICC, MI or UF respectively. Overall number of HI patients alive at 3 years with MC or CI was 98 and 5 recorded deaths. Those with ICC or MI/UF were 52 and 11 respectively. Comparison of vitality data at 3 years follow up among both groups did not show a difference with a fisher p value of 0.056. Overall number of NH alive at 3 years with MC or CI was 90 and 11 recorded deaths. Those with ICC or MI/UF were 21 and 3 respectively. Comparison of vitality data at 3 years follow up among both groups did not show a difference with a fisher p value of 0.173. Overall number of HI alive at 5 years with MC or CI was 78 and 7 recorded deaths. Those with ICC or MI/UF were 36 and 11 respectively. Comparison of vitality data at 5 years follow up among both groups did not show a difference with a fisher p value of 0.064. Overall number of NH alive at 5 years with MC or CI was 70 and 14 recorded deaths and those with ICC or MI/UF were 16 and 4 respectively. Comparison of vitality data at 5 years follow up among both groups did not show a difference with a fisher p value of 0.169. Conclusion: Across all HI and NH, at the 3 and 5 year follow up mark, there was no significant vitality difference shown in our patient population between those with CI and or MC vs those with MI, ICC or UF. This study demonstrated that across all lymphoma subtypes, patients with access to healthcare had similar outcomes in vitality irrespective of demographics or insurance. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Zhang, Yong, Zhen Li, Zi-Long Wang, Li-Zhen Zhang und Zhi-Jiang Zeng. „A Comparison of RNA Interference via Injection and Feeding in Honey Bees“. Insects 13, Nr. 10 (13.10.2022): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13100928.

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RNA interference (RNAi) has been used successfully to reduce target gene expression and induce specific phenotypes in several species. It has proved useful as a tool to investigate gene function and has the potential to manage pest populations and reduce disease pathogens. However, it is not known whether different administration methods are equally effective at interfering with genes in bees. Therefore, we compared the effects of feeding and injection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH7A1), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Both feeding and injection of siRNA successfully knocked down the gene but feeding required more siRNA than the injection. Our results suggest that both feeding and injection of siRNA effectively interfere with brain genes in bees. The appropriateness of each method would depend on the situation.

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Behrend, Caleb J., Catherine P. Tarnowski und Michael D. Morris. „Identification of Outliers in Hyperspectral Raman Image Data by Nearest Neighbor Comparison“. Applied Spectroscopy 56, Nr. 11 (November 2002): 1458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/00037020260377760.

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A new algorithm for removal of cosmic spikes from hyperspectral Raman image data sets is presented. Spectra in a 3 × 3 pixel neighborhood are used to identify outlier-contaminated data points in the central pixel of that neighborhood. A preliminary despiking of the neighboring spectra is performed by median filtering. Correlations between the central pixel spectrum and its despiked neighbors are calculated, and the most highly correlated spectrum is used to identify outliers. Spike-contaminated data are replaced using results of polynomial interpolation. Because the neighborhood contains spectra obtained in three different frames, even large multi-pixel spikes are identified. Spatial, spectral, and temporal variation in signal is used to accurately identify outliers without the acquisition of any spectra other than those needed to generate the image itself. Sharp boundaries between regions of high chemical contrast do not interfere with outlier identification.

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Lopez-Ochoa, Luisa, Jorge Ramirez-Prado und Linda Hanley-Bowdoin. „Peptide Aptamers That Bind to a Geminivirus Replication Protein Interfere with Viral Replication in Plant Cells“. Journal of Virology 80, Nr. 12 (15.06.2006): 5841–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02698-05.

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ABSTRACT The AL1 protein of tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV), a member of the geminivirus family, is essential for viral replication in plants. Its N terminus contains three conserved motifs that mediate origin recognition and DNA cleavage during the initiation of rolling-circle replication. We used the N-terminal domain of TGMV AL1 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a random peptide aptamer library constrained in the active site of the thioredoxin A (TrxA) gene. The screen selected 88 TrxA peptides that also bind to the full-length TGMV AL1 protein. Plant expression cassettes corresponding to the TrxA peptides and a TGMV A replicon encoding AL1 were cotransfected into tobacco protoplasts, and viral DNA replication was monitored by semiquantitative PCR. In these assays, 31 TrxA peptides negatively impacted TGMV DNA accumulation, reducing viral DNA levels to 13 to 64% of those of the wild type. All of the interfering aptamers also bound to the AL1 protein of cabbage leaf curl virus. A comparison of the 20-mer peptides revealed that their sequences are not random. The alignments detected seven potential binding motifs, five of which are more highly represented among the interfering peptides. One motif was present in 18 peptides, suggesting that these peptides interact with a hot spot in the AL1 N terminus. The peptide aptamers characterized in these studies represent new tools for studying AL1 function and can serve as the basis for the development of crops with broad-based resistance to single-stranded DNA viruses.

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Mukherjee, Purba, Patrick Lyden, José A. Fernández, Thomas P. Davis, Kent E. Pryor, Berislav V. Zlokovic und John H. Griffin. „3K3A-Activated Protein C Variant Does Not Interfere With the Plasma Clot Lysis Activity of Tenecteplase“. Stroke 51, Nr. 7 (Juli 2020): 2236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.028793.

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Background and Purpose: A recombinant engineered variant of APC (activated protein C), 3K3A-APC, lacks anticoagulant properties (<10%) while preserving APCs anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective functions and is very promising in clinical trials for ischemic stroke. Therapeutic intervention with single bolus administration of the third-generation tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator), tenecteplase, is anticipated to be widely adopted for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. 3K3A-APC is well-tolerated in stroke patients dosed with alteplase, and in vitro studies show 3K3A-APC does not interfere with alteplase-induced clot lysis. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the influence of 3K3A-APC on tenecteplase-induced clot lysis. Methods: Tenecteplase-mediated lysis of thrombin generated plasma clots of human normal pooled plasma was monitored in the presence of varying doses of 3K3A-APC. The effects on fibrinolysis by tenecteplase and alteplase were compared. Results: The presence of 3K3A-APC shortened the time for clot lysis induced by tenecteplase at very low levels but not at higher therapeutic concentrations of tenecteplase. Comparisons of alteplase-mediated clot lysis to tenecteplase clot lysis showed that both thrombolytic agents behaved similarly in the presence of 3K3A-APC. Conclusions: These results indicate that 3K3A-APC does not interfere with tenecteplase’s clot lysis function.

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NOACK, NELLENE G., DANIEL L. COURY und LINDA BOYNE. „Growth of Children With Cerebral Palsy“. Pediatrics 84, Nr. 3 (01.09.1989): 588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.3.588a.

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Rempel et al, in their paper describing the growth of children with cerebral palsy who received a gastrostomy as part of their overall management, present important information concerning the management of children with these problems. Altered nutritional status in comparison to established norms is a common finding in this population. Its proper management is confusing, because there have been several theories as to the cause of poor growth in these children. As the authors point out, the presence of obesity does not facilitate care and can interfere with already limited motor skills.

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DEFINO, H. L. A., C. H. BARBIERI, R. P. GONCALVES und J. B. P. PAULIN. „Studies on Tendon Healing A Comparison Between Suturing Techniques“. Journal of Hand Surgery 11, Nr. 3 (Juni 1986): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681_86_90178-6.

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An experimental study comparing Kessler’s and Tsuge’s techniques for tendon suture was undertaken in dogs. Both second and fifth flexor digitorum profundi tendons of the left forepaw were divided in the segment corresponding to zone 2 of human hands. Following division, the tendons to the second digit were repaired by Kessler’s technique and those to the fifth digit by Tsuge’s method. Results were evaluated by means of standard and polarized – light microscopy, intravascular dye injections and tensile strength tests. Both ordinary and polarized – light microscopy showed that a microscopical gap develops between the tendon ends, being filled in with healing tissue which undergoes progressive maturation. The tensile strength tests showed that the deformation (elongation) progress directly with load, up to the point of rupture; the suture thread does not interfere with this. Furthermore, strength increases with time. Intravascular dye injection showed that a net of newly formed blood vessels develops at the site of section and suture, previously destitute of macroscopical vessels. The new vessels tended to redistribute them selves to resemble the pattern in normally vascularized regions. It was not possible to detect, by means of the methods employed, any important difference between Kessler’s and Tsuge’s techniques for tendon suture.

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Rodgers, Mark R., Cathy M. Bernardino und Walter Jakubowski. „A Comparison of Methods for Extracting Amplifiable Giardia DNA from Various Environmental Samples“. Water Science and Technology 27, Nr. 3-4 (01.02.1993): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0326.

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Human gastrointestinal illness due to Giardia duodenalis infection continues to be a public health problem. The ability to detect Giardia cysts is important in assessing the public health risk associated with environmental contamination. The low concentration of cysts in natural waters makes the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) desirable in DNA probe-based detection methods. To date, amplification of DNA in environmental samples has been difficult to achieve. Humic compounds and/or other PCR inhibitors co-extract with nucleic acids, interfering with the polymerase reaction and lowering sensitivity. All of our attempts to separate humic compounds from DNA were unsuccessful. A substantial increase in the magnesium concentration in the reaction alleviated some of the inhibition, indicating that humics interfere by chelation of magnesium. PCR inhibition with environmental samples is most likely caused by a variety of contaminants.

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Fernández-Bertólez, Natalia, Fátima Brandão, Carla Costa, Eduardo Pásaro, João Paulo Teixeira, Blanca Laffon und Vanessa Valdiglesias. „Suitability of the In Vitro Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Test for Genotoxicity Assessment of TiO2 Nanoparticles on SH-SY5Y Cells“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 16 (09.08.2021): 8558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168558.

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Standard toxicity tests might not be fully adequate for evaluating nanomaterials since their unique features are also responsible for unexpected interactions. The in vitro cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test is recommended for genotoxicity testing, but cytochalasin-B (Cyt-B) may interfere with nanoparticles (NP), leading to inaccurate results. Our objective was to determine whether Cyt-B could interfere with MN induction by TiO2 NP in human SH-SY5Y cells, as assessed by CBMN test. Cells were treated for 6 or 24 h, according to three treatment options: co-treatment with Cyt-B, post-treatment, and delayed co-treatment. Influence of Cyt-B on TiO2 NP cellular uptake and MN induction as evaluated by flow cytometry (FCMN) were also assessed. TiO2 NP were significantly internalized by cells, both in the absence and presence of Cyt-B, indicating that this chemical does not interfere with NP uptake. Dose-dependent increases in MN rates were observed in CBMN test after co-treatment. However, FCMN assay only showed a positive response when Cyt-B was added simultaneously with TiO2 NP, suggesting that Cyt-B might alter CBMN assay results. No differences were observed in the comparisons between the treatment options assessed, suggesting they are not adequate alternatives to avoid Cyt-B interference in the specific conditions tested.

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Mendonça, Steyner de Lima, Otávio José Praxedes Neto, Patricia Teixeira de Oliveira, Patricia Bittencourt Dutra dos Santos und Fábio Henrique de Sá Leitão Pinheiro. „Comparison of friction produced by two types of orthodontic bracket protectors“. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 19, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.1.086-091.oar.

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INTRODUCTION: Fixed orthodontic appliances have been regarded as a common causative factor of oral lesions. To manage soft tissue discomfort, most orthodontists recommend using a small amount of utility wax over the brackets in order to alleviate trauma. This in vitro study aimed at evaluating friction generated by two types of bracket protectors (customized acetate protector [CAP] and temporary resin protector [TRP]) during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment. METHODS: An experimental model (test unit) was used to assess friction. In order to measure the friction produced in each test, the model was attached to a mechanical testing machine which simulated maxillary canines alignment. Intergroup comparison was carried out by one-way ANOVA with level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: The friction presented by the TRP group was statistically higher than that of the control group at 6 mm. It was also higher than in the control and CAP groups in terms of maximum friction. CONCLUSION: The customized acetate protector (CAP) demonstrated not to interfere in friction between the wire and the orthodontic bracket slot.

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Damania, Blossom, Joseph H. Jeong, Brian S. Bowser, Scott M. DeWire, Michelle R. Staudt und Dirk P. Dittmer. „Comparison of the Rta/Orf50 Transactivator Proteins of Gamma-2-Herpesviruses“. Journal of Virology 78, Nr. 10 (15.05.2004): 5491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.10.5491-5499.2004.

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ABSTRACT The viral immediate-early transactivator Rta/Orf50 is necessary and sufficient to initiate Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV-8) reactivation from latently infected cells. Since Rta/Orf50 is conserved among all known gamma-2-herpesviruses, we investigated whether the murine gamma-68-herpesvirus (MHV-68) and rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) homologs can functionally substitute for KSHV Rta/Orf50. (i) Our comparison of 12 KSHV promoters showed that most responded to all three Rta/Orf50proteins, but three promoters (vGPCR, K8, and gB) responded only to the KSHV Rta/Orf50 transactivator. Overall, the activation of KSHV promoters was higher with KSHV Rta than with the RRV and MHV-68 Rta. (ii) Only the primate Rta/Orf50 homologs were able to interfere with human p53-depedent transcriptional activation. (iii) Transcriptional profiling showed that the KSHV Rta/Orf50 was more efficient than it's homologs in inducing KSHV lytic transcription from the latent state. These results suggest that the core functionality of Rta/Orf50 is conserved and independent of its host, but the human protein has evolved additional, human-specific capabilities.

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Roberts, W. L., und P. M. Rainey. „Interference in immunoassay measurements of total and free phenytoin in uremic patients: a reappraisal“. Clinical Chemistry 39, Nr. 9 (01.09.1993): 1872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.9.1872.

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Abstract Accumulation of phenytoin metabolites in uremia has been shown to interfere with some immunoassay methods for phenytoin measurement. We evaluated the effects of uremia (serum creatinine > 13 mg/L) on free and total phenytoin concentrations measured by the Abbott TDx fluorescence polarization immunoassay, and the DuPont aca and Syva EMIT homogeneous enzyme-multiplied immunoassay methods, using HPLC as the comparison method. In uremic patients, the TDx assay showed both fixed and proportional bias in comparison with the HPLC for both total phenytoin concentration (TDx = 1.24 x HPLC + 1.9 mg/L) and free phenytoin concentration (TDx = 1.52 x HPLC + 0.24 mg/L). The total bias was as great as 100% for both total and free phenytoin. Cross-reactive substances other than 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH) and HPPH-glucuronide appeared to be responsible. In contrast, there was minimal interference with aca and EMIT assays.

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Diamantopoulos, Adamantios, und Nikolaos Kakkos. „Managerial Assessments of Export Performance: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Illustration“. Journal of International Marketing 15, Nr. 3 (September 2007): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.15.3.1.

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Export performance has long been an issue of concern in the literature; however, there has been little research on managers’ evaluations of their firms’ performance in the presence of multiple export objectives. This study proposes a framework for understanding managerial assessments of export performance and illustrates its application using the analytic hierarchy process methodology. The framework explicitly acknowledges that the importance of different export objectives may differ both within and between firms and that the latter may also differ in terms of the frame of reference and/or time horizon used when assessing the attainment of objectives. Using this framework, the authors construct a composite index of assessed export performance that allows for valid interfirm comparisons. They use data from an online survey of 171 exporting firms to demonstrate the application of the framework and the assessed export performance index in an empirical setting.

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Bista, Soni, Khushbu Adhikari, Charanjeet Singh Saimbi und Bikash Agrahari. „Comparison of Patient Perceptions with Diode Laser and Scalpel Technique for Frenectomy“. Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology 2, Nr. 1 (04.06.2018): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnspoi.v2i1.23572.

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Background: Frenum that encroaches on the margin of the gingiva may interfere with plaque removal and can lead to gingival recession and midline diastema. Thus in order to facilitate maintenance of proper oral hygiene and prevention of gingival recession, frenectomy is done. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the diode laser and the scalpel technique on the degree of postoperative pain experienced by patients after frenectomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients requiring frenectomy were randomly assigned to two treatment groups, one with a diode laser and the other with a scalpel. The postoperative pain of each patient was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale and the number of analgesic used was recorded on postoperative days one and seven. Results: Patients treated with the diode laser had significantly less postoperative pain at day one and used less number of analgesic (2.30 ±0.94) as compared to scalpel surgery (4.40 ±1.07). Conclusion: This comparative study indicates that diode laser treatment for frenectomy provides better patient perception in terms of pain compared to scalpel technique.

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Benetti, Elisa, Rossella Tita, Ottavia Spiga, Andrea Ciolfi, Giovanni Birolo, Alessandro Bruselles, Gabriella Doddato et al. „ACE2 gene variants may underlie interindividual variability and susceptibility to COVID-19 in the Italian population“. European Journal of Human Genetics 28, Nr. 11 (17.07.2020): 1602–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-0691-z.

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Abstract In December 2019, an initial cluster of interstitial bilateral pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China. A human-to-human transmission was assumed and a previously unrecognized entity, termed coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) due to a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was described. The infection has rapidly spread out all over the world and Italy has been the first European country experiencing the endemic wave with unexpected clinical severity in comparison with Asian countries. It has been shown that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as host receptor and host proteases for cell surface binding and internalization. Thus, a predisposing genetic background can give reason for interindividual disease susceptibility and/or severity. Taking advantage of the Network of Italian Genomes (NIG), here we mined whole-exome sequencing data of 6930 Italian control individuals from five different centers looking for ACE2 variants. A number of variants with a potential impact on protein stability were identified. Among these, three more common missense changes, p.(Asn720Asp), p.(Lys26Arg), and p.(Gly211Arg) were predicted to interfere with protein structure and stabilization. Rare variants likely interfering with the internalization process, namely p.(Leu351Val) and p.(Pro389His), predicted to interfere with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding, were also observed. Comparison of ACE2 WES data between a cohort of 131 patients and 258 controls allowed identifying a statistically significant (P value < 0.029) higher allelic variability in controls compared with patients. These findings suggest that a predisposing genetic background may contribute to the observed interindividual clinical variability associated with COVID-19, allowing an evidence-based risk assessment leading to personalized preventive measures and therapeutic options.

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DUFFIN, JACALYN. „Census versus medical daybooks: a comparison of two sources on mortality in nineteenth-century Ontario“. Continuity and Change 12, Nr. 2 (August 1997): 199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416097002919.

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In nineteenth-century Canada, a Census was conducted every ten years, beginning in 1851. Historians have tried to use the information in the local, provincial, and national Censuses to determine the rate of mortality and causes of death. The mortality statistics are thought to be reliable after 1921, but practical as well as conceptual problems interfere with attempts to establish retrospective mortality patterns using the nineteenth-century Census. In this paper, I will review the problems with this source on mortality. I will then compare the Census data with that derived from a study of a physician's daybooks, focusing on four specific areas of discrepancy and the possible reasons for the differences. Finally, I will suggest that the combined use of both types of sources may challenge some durable assumptions and could help to establish more reliable estimates of mortality patterns.

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LUZ, ANNY CAROLYNE DA, IRANY RODRIGUES PRETTI und MARIA DO CARMO PIMENTEL BATITUCCI. „COMPARISON OF RNA EXTRACTION METHODS FOR Passiflora edulis SIMS LEAVES“. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 38, Nr. 1 (Februar 2016): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-278/15.

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ABSTRACT Functional genomic analyses require intact RNA; however, Passiflora edulis leaves are rich in secondary metabolites that interfere with RNA extraction primarily by promoting oxidative processes and by precipitating with nucleic acids. This study aimed to analyse three RNA extraction methods, Concert™ Plant RNA Reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), TRIzol® Reagent (Invitrogen) and TRIzol® Reagent (Invitrogen)/ice -commercial products specifically designed to extract RNA, and to determine which method is the most effective for extracting RNA from the leaves of passion fruit plants. In contrast to the RNA extracted using the other 2 methods, the RNA extracted using TRIzol® Reagent (Invitrogen) did not have acceptable A260/A280 and A260/A230 ratios and did not have ideal concentrations. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed a strong DNA band for all of the Concert™ method extractions but not for the TRIzol® and TRIzol®/ice methods. The TRIzol® method resulted in smears during electrophoresis. Due to its low levels of DNA contamination, ideal A260/A280 and A260/A230 ratios and superior sample integrity, RNA from the TRIzol®/ice method was used for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the resulting amplicons were highly similar. We conclude that TRIzol®/ice is the preferred method for RNA extraction for P. edulis leaves.

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Bojer, Manuel, Zixin Huang, Sebastian Karl, Stefan Richter, Pieter Kok und Joachim von Zanthier. „A quantitative comparison of amplitude versus intensity interferometry for astronomy“. New Journal of Physics 24, Nr. 4 (01.04.2022): 043026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac5f30.

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Abstract Astronomical imaging can be broadly classified into two types. The first type is amplitude interferometry, which includes conventional optical telescopes and very large baseline interferometry (VLBI). The second type is intensity interferometry, which relies on Hanbury Brown and Twiss-type measurements. At optical frequencies, where direct phase measurements are impossible, amplitude interferometry has an effective numerical aperture that is limited by the distance from which photons can coherently interfere. Intensity interferometry, on the other hand, correlates only photon fluxes and can thus support much larger numerical apertures, but suffers from a reduced signal due to the low average photon number per mode in thermal light. It has hitherto not been clear which method is superior under realistic conditions. Here, we give a comparative analysis of the performance of amplitude and intensity interferometry, and we relate this to the fundamental resolution limit that can be achieved in any physical measurement. Using the benchmark problem of determining the separation between two distant thermal point sources, e.g., two adjacent stars, we give a short tutorial on optimal estimation theory and apply it to stellar interferometry. We find that for very small angular separations the large baseline achievable in intensity interferometry can more than compensate for the reduced signal strength. We also explore options for practical implementations of very large baseline intensity interferometry (VLBII).

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Triastari, Stella Kristi, Dian Novita Chandra und Saptawati Bardosono. „Comparison of correlation between protein and iron intake with hemoglobin levels in children age 6-23 and 24-36 months during COVID-19 pandemic in east Jakarta“. World Nutrition Journal 6, S1 (31.10.2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25220/wnj.v06.s1.0022.

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Background and objectives : Anemia prevalence, especially iron deficiency anemia, among Indonesian toddlers is high. Iron deficiency may interfere nerve development and also cause immune problems. Protein malnutrition may also cause anemia. The prevalence is higher in 6-23 months age group due to the increase need. However, the correlations between iron and protein intake with hemoglobin levels are still showing different results and researches don’t compare the correlation between age groups.

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48

Lee, Ju Kyung, Sunil Kim, Sukjoon Lee, Hyeon-Cheol Kim und Euiseong Kim. „In Vitro Comparison of Biocompatibility of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers“. Materials 12, Nr. 15 (29.07.2019): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152411.

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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three calcium silicate-based sealers (EndoSeal MTA, Nano-ceramic Sealer, and Wellroot ST) and two epoxy resin-based sealers (AH-Plus, AD Seal) on various aspects, such as cell viability, inflammatory response, and osteogenic potential, of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). AH-Plus showed the lowest cell viability on hPDLSCs in all time periods in fresh media. In set media, hPDLSCs showed no significant differences in cell viability among all the tested materials. Wellroot ST showed the highest level of cell adhesion and the morphology of attached cells. AH-plus presented a significantly higher expression of IL-6 and IL-8 than the other sealers. AD Seal and three calcium silicate sealers showed high expression of the mesenchymal stem cell markers. ALP mRNA expression showed a significant increase in time-dependent manner on all of three calcium silicate-based sealers, which do not seem to interfere with the differentiation of hPDLSCs into osteoblasts. Based on the results from this study, calcium silicate-based sealers appear to be more biocompatible and less cytotoxic than epoxy resin-based sealers. Meanwhile, further and long-term clinical follow-up studies are required.

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Mao, Yu, Jing Zhou, Xuesheng Liu, Erwei Gu, Zhi Zhang und Wenjuan Tao. „Comparison of Different Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Attenuating Inflammatory Pain in Rats“. Pain Research and Management 2019 (27.01.2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1648919.

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Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), which interfere with the epigenetic process of histone acetylation, have shown analgesic effects in animal models of persistent pain. The HDAC family comprises 18 genes; however, the different effects of distinct classes of HDACIs on pain relief remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of these HDACIs on attenuating thermal hyperalgesia in persistent inflammatory pain. Persistent inflammatory pain was induced by injecting Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) into the left hind paw of rats. Then, HDACIs targeting class I (entinostat (MS-275)) and class IIa (sodium butyrate, valproic acid (VPA), and 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA)), or class II (suberoylanilide hydoxamic acid (SAHA), trichostatin A (TSA), and dacinostat (LAQ824)) were administered intraperitoneally once daily for 3 or 4 days. We found that the injection of SAHA once a day for 3 days significantly attenuated CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia from day 4 and lasted 7 days. In comparison with SAHA, suppression of hyperalgesia by 4-PBA peaked on day 2, whereas that by MS-275 occurred on days 5 and 6. Fatigue was a serious side effect seen with MS-275. These findings will be beneficial for optimizing the selection of specific HDACIs in medical fields such as pain medicine and neuropsychiatry.

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Schuier, F. J., S. C. Jones, T. Fedora und M. Reivich. „[14C]iodoantipyrine and microsphere blood flow estimates in cat brain“. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 253, Nr. 5 (01.11.1987): H1289—H1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.253.5.h1289.

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A comparison of local cerebral blood flow estimates with the microsphere and the 4-[N-methyl-14C]iodoantipyrine ([14C]IAP) techniques has been performed in cats. Good correlation of [14C]IAP with microsphere flow estimates in the gray matter was found. In the white matter, however, [14C]IAP flow estimates were consistently lower than microsphere flow estimates. Error analysis of both techniques and comparison with previous studies suggest that peculiarities of white matter arterial vasculature with preferential microsphere accumulation may lead to this discrepancy. Microspheres did not interfere with flow as shown by the normal appearance of subsequent [14C]IAP autoradiograms. The number of microspheres seen on autoradiograms was used for an estimate of microvessels blocked by spheres and found to be negligible. The study also demonstrates that [14C]IAP is not diffusion limited up to the observed flow values of 2 ml.g-1.min-1. Both techniques might be used together for a combination of their respective advantages, which are temporal and spatial resolution for microsphere and [14C]IAP, respectively.

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