Dissertationen zum Thema „Interféron Typer I“
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Tang, Chongfa. „The inflammatory response of primary epithelial cells of the female genital tract to Chlamydia trachomatis infection, and its exacerbation by type-I interferon“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS121.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium, which grows mainly in epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the genital tract. Asymptomatic in most cases, infections with this pathogen can lead to pelvic inflammations. The inflammation itself can lead to fibrosis and tubal infertility in women. To better understand the pathological manifestations in the female genital tract (FGT), it is important to study the response of epithelial cells, which constitute the first line of host defense against C. trachomatis infection. To this end, we developed a simplified protocol to isolate a very pure fraction of primary epithelial cells from the FGT of patients undergoing hysterectomy. We observed that these primary epithelial cells were less permissive to C. trachomatis infection than the cell line classically used in laboratories, i.e. HeLa cells. We have shown that the difference in culture medium and the addition of serum in HeLa cell cultures explain a large part of these differences. However, when tested in an identical culture medium, primary ectocervical epithelial cells were found to be less permissive than HeLa cells towards C. trachomatis infection. Finally, primary epithelial cells expressed overall more pro-inflammatory cytokines, both basally and after C. trachomatis infection, than HeLa cells, suggesting a strong capacity of primary epithelial cells to mount an inflammatory response. We then focused on understanding why type I interferon (IFN-I) acts synergistically with C. trachomatis infection towards the pro-inflammatory response of epithelial cells. We demonstrated that IFN-I, but not C. trachomatis, increased the expression of several bacterial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Expression silencing of TLR3 receptor, or deletion of this gene, prevented synergetic effect between IFN-I and C. trachomatis. We also identified the intermediate signaling pathway between IFN-I receptor activation and TLR3 expression, as well as the signaling downstream of TLR3 activation, which results in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and 8. Based on these data, we conclude that IFN-I exacerbates the host inflammatory response triggered by C. trachomatis infection via increased TLR3 expression, and that this synergetic effect between IFN-I and bacteria on pro-inflammatory signaling in epithelial cells may play a role in the tissue damage that results from infection in some of the patients
Claudinon, Julie. „Identification de mécanismes de régulation des fonctions des interférons: Rôle de la palmitoylation du récepteur de l'interféron de type I“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354695.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChehadeh, Wassim. „Infection à virus Coxsackie B, interféron alpha et diabète insulino-dépendant“. Lille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL2MT18.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMetidji, Amina. „Type I interferons and T regulatory cells : effects on development, homeostasis and function“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066058/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleType I Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. While the antiviral effects of IFNs are well characterized, their immunomodulatory properties are less clear. We examined the effects of type I IFN on development, homeostasis, and function of Treg cells. We used mixed bone marrow (BM) chimeras between WT and IFNαβ receptor (IFNAR) KO mice, and heterozygous female mice expressing a Treg-specific deletion of the IFNAR. IFNAR signaling promoted the development of the Treg lineage in the thymus and their survival in the periphery. IFNAR KO Treg from chimeric mice displayed a more naïve phenotype. In mixed chimeras with Scurfy fetal liver, Treg derived from IFNAR KO BM were unable to control T effector cell activation and tissue inflammation. We also examined the potential effects during Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus infection. We demonstrated that the percentage of Vβ5+ Treg was significantly reduced in IFNAR KO mice, and that the IFNAR functions in a Treg cell intrinsic manner. We also studied the effect during Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Following induction of EAE, WT / IFNAR KO chimeras develop more severe disease than the WT/WT chimeras. Mice with a conditional deletion of the IFNAR in Treg rapidly developed a very severe form of EAE. These results demonstrate that signaling via the IFNAR is required for Treg suppressor function in EAE. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that under certain condition including stress, chronic infection, and autoimmune disease, IFNAR signaling is essential to maintain Treg development, homeostasis, and function
Mbika-Binzangi, Jean-Pierre. „Etude du rôle de la sarcolectine dans le développement tissulaire et le système immunitaire“. Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05S008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSarcolectin (SOL) is a 55 kDa protein with 469 aminoacids, isolated in the first time in 1968. Abnormally elevated in most tumors, SCL is a cell growth factor which activates cell DNA, induces cell proliferation, and antagonises antiviral effect of interferon. In this issue, we explored the SCL effects on the human immune system. The SCL treatment cf 30 peripheral blood mononuclear samples (PBMC) showed two types of celI stimulation: a low and a hight one. This cell stimulation picked up after 6 or 7 days of culture in the presence of monocytes/macrophages, because in the absence of these cells, no effect was observed. The SCL-stimulated PBMC exhibited CD3+CD4+CD45RO+ memory T4 lymphocytes proliferation with CD25 and CD28 celI surface receptor over-expression, and with pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-α/β and TLR-3 and TLR-9 mRNA over-expression. TLR-3 recognises viral double-stranded RNA and TLR-9 senses un-methylated CpG DNA
Hubert, Margaux. „Caractérisation des cellules dendritiques cDC1 et de leur synthèse d'Interféron de type III dans l’immunité antitumorale“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1350/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDendritic cells (DCs) represent a promising target for the development of new immunotherapies because of their central role in the initiation and the control of immunity. The rare cDC1 population is under considerable scrutiny because their murine counterparts called CD8α+ DCs are essential for cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells, antitumor immunity and response to immunotherapies. In contrast, the role of human cDC1 in cancer has not been investigated as extensively as in mice. They were identified in several tumors and transcriptomic analyses revealed their association with a favorable patient outcome. They also represent a major source of type III interferon (IFN-III), also called IFN-λ, playing a crucial role in viral infections, similarly to IFN-I that share the same signaling pathway. Its antitumor activity was also reported in mouse models, therefore raising questions regarding the use of IFN-IIl in clinical oncology. We believe that understanding the underlying mechanisms of cDC1 favorable prognostic impact and the role of IFN-III in antitumor immunity will be central to design new therapeutic approaches. Here, we demonstrated the infiltration of human primary breast and ovarian tumors by several DC populations and the enrichment of cDC1 compared with patient blood. We also showed for the first time close contacts between cDC1 and T cells in breast tumors. An in silico approach using MCPcouter on the TCGA data sets revealed that cDC1 represented the only DC subset associated with a prolonged overall survival in the majority of solid tumors. Interestingly, type I/III signature was strongly enriched in tumors highly infiltrated only with cDC1. Furthermore, we observed by feature intracytoplasmic flow cytometry analysis a spontaneous production of IFN-λ1 that is restricted to cDC1 in the absence of any ex vivo stimulation in one third of tumors. This result clearly indicates that IFN-λ1 production is a distinct of cDC1 compared with other DC subsets, even in a human tumor context. Notably, a high expression level of genes coding for IFN-III or its receptor was correlated with an increased relapse-free survival in breast cancer. We confirmed the presence of the IFN-λ1 protein in more than 50% of tumors and observed its abundancy compared with other IFN subtypes. IFN-λ1 was strongly correlated with IL-12p40, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CX3CL1 and TNF-α. These results raised the hypothesis that IFN-λ1, produced by cDC1 in the TME, could be associated with the production of cytokines and chemokines involved in the recruitment and activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes (NK cells and CD8+ T cells). Our study provides detailed information about the DC compartment infiltrating human breast and ovarian tumors, revealing their potential implication in the antitumor immunity. By focusing on the pathways associated with each DC subset, our findings shed new light on the link between DC population called cDC1 and IFN-I/III signature in tumors. Our clear demonstration of IFN-III production by cDC1 and of its positive impact on the prognosis of cancer patients provides valuable evidences to support the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting cDC1 to amplify the response to immunotherapies, especially in breast cancer
Alexandre, Yannick. „Etude des fonctions des cellules dendritiques dans l'activation des lymphocytes cytotoxiques au cours d'infections in vivo“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDendritic cells (DC) sense danger, microbial and cytokine signals that drive DC maturation which in turn allows proper activation of T lymphocytes. We characterized the gene expression program of splenic DC in vivo during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. We identified a core set of genes commonly regulated in all subsets of mouse spleen DC. This set of genes was regulated upon DC maturation irrespective of the stimuli used and of the responding DC subsets and it was conserved between mouse and human. We identified type I interferon (IFN) as a major cytokine driving the expression of this core gene set in DC subsets. The loss of type I IFN responsiveness selectively in DC resulted in an increased mortality of mice after MCMV infection, unraveling a crucial role of cell-intrinsic responses to type I IFN in DC during a viral infection in vivo.We also developed and studied a new mouse model to target the XCR1+ DC subset in vivo. We found for the first time that XCR1+ DC promote recall of memory CD8 T cells upon secondary Listeria monocytogenes infection in vivo, and we identified the underlying mechanism. XCR1+ DC attract memory CD8 T cells through the secretion of the chemokine CXCL9. This attraction leads to an increase in the IFN-γ production by memory CD8 T cells. XCR1+ DC also induce the proliferation of memory CD8 T cells. This work significantly advanced our understanding of the in vivo functions of DC during infections
Druelle, Johan. „Le virus de la rougeole, un système complexe : adaptation, atténuation et modélisation“. Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00294057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'analyse génétique d'une souche sauvage, G954-PBL, et d'une souche adaptée par 13 passages en cellules Vero, G954-V13, a mis en évidence uniquement 5 substitutions d'acides aminés. Ces mutations ont affecté la athogénicité de la souche qui est devenue atténuée dans un modèle de souris transgéniques pour l'un des récepteurs du VR. L'adaptation à un contexte cellulaire au cours de la propagation limite la croissance d'une souche dans un autre environnement, sauf dans le cas des souches vaccinales, robustes. Contrairement au dogme établi, les IFN de type I ne semblent pas jouer un rôle majeur dans cette atténuation.
En parallèle, nous avons développé deux approches mathématiques du cycle viral permettant de mieux interpréter les interrelations virus/cellule. A l'échelle moléculaire, nous proposons plusieurs hypothèses du fonctionnement de la polymérase virale, permettant d'établir le gradient d'ARNm critique pour le développement du virus. Dans une optique multi-échelle, nous avons également modélisé l'ensemble du cycle infectieux du VR. Ces travaux constituent les bases d'une approche inédite de la pathogénie de ce virus.
A travers plusieurs approches expérimentales, ces travaux mettent en avant l'aspect complexe du virus de la rougeole et permettent d'envisager de nouvelles pistes thérapeutiques.
Vanwalscappel, Bénédicte. „Caractérisation de la résistance du VIH-1 à l'effet antiviral des interférons de type I“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC155.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleType-I interferon (IFN) induces the expression of hundreds of cellular genes, some of which have direct antiviral activity IFN-induced effectors can restrict numerous steps in the HIV replicative cycle, resulting in potent inhibition of HIV replication in tissue culture and transient reduction of viremia in IFN-treated patients. Overall our project aimed at analyzing the evolution of HIV in the presence of IFN in two situations: i) in tissue culture of T lymphocytes treated by IFN, where the virus is passages to select for resistant variants; and ii)HIV-infected patients, treated by IFN because of a concurrent HCV infection. Concerning the study in vitro, by forcing the HIV to replicate in culture in the presence of IFN, we aimed to select variants with decrease susceptibility to IFN and characterize them genotypically, in order to determine possible escape strategies. For this purpose, initially, culture conditions were optimized to force HIV to replicate in a T-cell line (MT4R5) in the presence of IFNa2. The data collected from these experiments were fitted in a mathematical model of virus replication. This approach allowed to determine several viral and cellular parameters of HIV replication and inhibition by IFN. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization showed the emergence of mutations in env gene, which improves the efficiency viral entry associated with an increased infectivity. This represents an evolutionary strategy that allows the virus to overcome antiviral aetivities induced by IFN, including those act post-entry. Concerning the study in patients, we analyzed the evolution of HIV populations under treatment by IFN, in 7 HIV-HCV co-infected patients who were not treated for HIV. The aim was to identify HIV genomic regions that could be under selective pressure by IFN in vivo. The gene in which we saw more frequently a replacement of the dominant population over time was vpu, for which in 5 of 7 patients the population present during IFN-treatment carried changes in the N-terminal half of the protein. Changes were seen also for vpr and vif, but concerned fewer patients. We thus explore whether Vpu present during IFN-treatment conferred a replication advantage to the virus in IFN-treated cultures. For 2 of the 5 patients, we described that Vpu present during IFN-treatment confer to the virus a better fitness in presence of IFN associated with a better virions release efficiency, allowing the virus to overcome the antiviral activities induced by IFN
Cordeil, Stéphanie. „Etude de la différence de susceptibilité des lentivirus de primates aux interférons de type I“. Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0781.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleType I Interferons (IFN-α/β, herein IFNs) provide an important mechanism of defense against pathogens and regulate in a paracrine and autocrine manner both intrinsic and adaptive immune responses. In the case of HIV-1 however, the relationship between IFNs and viral replication appears more complex. Indeed, if IFNs have been described to interfere with HIV-1 at basically all phases of its life cycle ex vivo, an IFN-induced state is linked to AIDS progression and to high viral loads in HIV-1 infected individuals. Similarly, a deregulated and prolonged IFN production/state seems one of the main distinguishing features between pathogenic and non-pathogenic SIV infection in primate animal models, suggesting that a deregulated IFN-state may be more detrimental to the host than to the virus itself in vivo.If this hypothesis is correct and if HIV-1 plays an active role in the perpetration of this antiviral state, it is possible that HIV-1 may have overall evolved to cope with this environment, remaining able to replicate despite it.To determine whether HIV-1 was better armed to replicate in the presence of an IFN-state environment than other primate lentiviruses, we compared HIV-1 to SIVmac and more importantly to HIV-2 that albeit capable of inducing AIDS in humans does so in a much less aggressive manner. In agreement with the initial hypothesis, our results indicate that HIV-1 is better fit to replicate in primary cells in the presence of amounts of IFN comparable to the ones measured in vivo, while the replication of HIV-2/SIVmac viruses is completely blocked even in the presence of low levels of IFN. By decorticating the effects of IFNs on the early and late phases of the viral life cycle in primary macrophages, we show here that the main target of the differential action of IFNs are the early phases of infection. More specifically, with time kinetics that we determine herein, IFNs induce cellular factor/s that differentially affect the stability of pre-reverse transcription complexes of HIV-2, but not of HIV-1. Our results could underlie a different evolutionary adaptation of primate lentiviruses to interferons that might be responsible for their different pathogenicity in vivo
Obeid, Dalia. „Expression et régulation de l'angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) et la TNF alpha converting enzyme (TACE) des cellules monocytaires humaines“. Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077228.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMorel, Victoria. „Rôle chromatinien de SUMO dans l’immunité innée et ses implications dans l’immunothérapie des cancers“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS434.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImmunotherapy has recently emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment but it only benefits to a limited number of patients. Since loss of SUMOylation in immune cells induces a massive type I interferon (IFN-I) response and IFN-I-based innate responses were found to synergize with checkpoint blockade for the rejection of tumors, we investigated the effect of manipulating the SUMO pathway on anti-tumor immune responses. My results revealed that hypoSUMOylated mice show a significant delay in tumor growth upon PD-1 blockade as compared to the WT and that this anti-tumor response partly depends on IFN-I signaling and involved both myeloid and lymphocytic populations. We then identify the repertoire of endogenous SUMO substrates in macrophages either unstimulated or upon pathogenic stimuli. In total, 1232 substrates of SUMO were identified, 30 of which were differentially SUMOylated upon immune stimuli. Validation and functional characterization of these substrates give some insight into the mechanism by which SUMO regulates immunity. Moreover, it is known that SUMO acts at the chromatin and functions as a general safeguard of cell identity. In this context, another part of my project seeks to assess the function of SUMOylation in a patho-physiological process associated with cell fate changes. More precisely, we studied the role of SUMO in the skeletal muscle system and have shown that hypoSUMOylation improve muscle regeneration. We anticipate these studies to provide new insight into SUMO functions involved in the tissue regeneration as well as to allow the identification of new potential strategies to manipulate inflammation for cancer therapeutic purposes
François-Newton, Véronique. „Etude de la réponse cellulaire aux interférons de type I : rôle de la cystéine protéase USP18“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829540.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDabo, Stéphanie. „Régulation de l’induction des interférons de type I et de type III au cours de l’infection par le VHC : rôle des proteines kinases IKKε/TBK1“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066665.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn estimated 3% of the world population is infected with Hepatatis C Virus (HCV). In most patients, the virus establishes a chronic infection leading to a progressive deterioration of the liver from fibrosis to hepatocarcinoma. The establishment of chronic infection is due ability of the virus to interfere with the host immune system, more specifically with the induction and function of the interferons (IFNs). Acute HCV infection can induce the type III IFN IL-29 in hepatocytes by a yet uncharacterized mechanism. Here, we show that IL-29 is produced and secreted during infection and is able to activate the JAK/STAT-mediated induction of ISGs, while IFNß is either absent or produced at low levels. The involvement of the RIG-I/MAVS signalling in IL-29 induction is strongly inhibited since MAVS is cleaved by HCV NS3/4A. Nonetheless, IRF3 and IRF7 are activated during infection. We also found that JFH1 infection triggers the induction of IRF7, the IKK-related kinase IKKε and IL8. A specific inhibitor of the IKKε/TBK1 kinases, the MRT67307 compound, was previously used to demonstrate the ability of these kinases to impair NF-κB activation by the canonical IKKα/ß. The use of MRT67307 in the context of JFH1 infection was found to inhibit strongly the induction of IL-29 while that of IFNß is increased. Taken together, these results may suggest that NF-κB activation and consequent inflammation are able to modulate the balance between type I and type III IFN induction during HCV infection, and pinpoint a role for the IKK-related kinases, such as IKKε, in this process
Payet, Cloé. „Study of Interferon type I in Myasthenia Gravis“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS517.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMyasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The thymus of patients is the effector organ and is characterized by chronic overexpression of interferon (IFN)-β. My PhD aimed to understand the implication of IFN-I in MG. First, I demonstrated that no IFN-I signature is detected in serum and PBMC of patients. IFN-I signature is specific to the thymus and I investigated the cause of this overexpression. IFN-I is produced in response to pathogen infection but also in response to endogenous nucleic acids (eNA) in diseases, such as interferonopathies. I demonstrated that molecules mimicking eNA, such as double-stranded DNA or RNA induced the overexpression of IFN-β and of AChR in human thymic epithelial cells (TEC) or in the thymus of mice. As I was suspecting eNA to be released by necrotic cells, I induced thymocyte necrosis in in vitro or in vivo models. I then showed an increased IFN-I signature and the expression of AChR in TEC and in the thymus of mice treated with dexamethasone. In addition, I observed in the MG thymus a decrease in thymic macrophages, cells responsible for the clearance of apoptotic cells. In mice, depletion of thymic macrophages led to an increase in necrotic thymocytes associated with IFN-I and AChR expression. Consequently, I hypothesize that in the MG thymus, a decrease in the number of macrophages may alter the processing of apoptotic cells leading to the release of eNA from necrotic thymocytes. These eNA would activate innate immunity signaling pathways leading to the IFN-β signature which would induce thymic changes self-sensitization against AChR
Pelinski, Yanís. „Chromatin Disorganization as a Regulator of Irradiation-Induced L1Md Expression and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function Thrombopoietin Protects Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Retrotransposon-Mediated Damage by Promoting an Antiviral Response“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExposure to ionizing radiations (IR), like in radiotherapy, affects hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) integrity and function. As a consequence, IR is associated with the development of therapy-related myeloid malignancies such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and secondary acute myeloid leukemias. Therefore, studying the molecular mechanisms that contribute towards stress-induced HSC loss of function, could help identify patients at risk and eventually find new strategies to prevent these diseases.Our team has recently uncovered a new mechanism responsible for murine HSC loss of function upon IR that involves L1Md, the young and active subfamilies of Long Interspersed Elements LINE-1. We showed that L1Md expression is increased following IR and that this leads to an accumulation of DNA damage and HSC defects. We have also shown that thrombopoietin (TPO), a niche HSC cytokine involved in self-renewal, prevents IR-induced HSC loss of function, accumulation of DNA damage and L1Md derepression.Microarray analysis had shown that TPO induced an enrichment of IFN-I signaling genes in HSCs, many of which are viral restriction factors. At the beginning of my PhD I was involved in a study that showed that TPO controlled L1Md expression via this signaling pathway. These results were published in J Exp Med in 2018, in an article in which I am co-first author.L1Md are recognized as major contributors of gene regulatory networks. Their expression is tightly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, such as the repressive histone mark H3K9me3.The main objectives of my PhD project are thus to:1. Understand the mechanisms by which IR affects HSC epigenetics, and in particular heterochromatin.2. Determine if TPO, via its IFN-like signaling, may regulate L1Md repression through epigenetic mechanisms.3. Determine if, and how, L1md expression may impact HSC gene expression.We perfomed ChIP-qPCR experiments on HSCs one month post IR, and found that L1Md derepression is linked to a decreased H3K9me3 enrichment at their promoters, which is prevented by TPO. These results where further confirmed by ChIPseq experiments that showed that a vast majority of L1Md loci showed a reduced H3K9me3 enrichment upon IR compared to the non-irradiated condition, and that this was prevented by TPO. This was not the case for older retroelement subfamilies, such as the Lx5, or for endogenous retroviruses (ERV). RNA-seq data showed that IR strongly deregulates the HSC transcriptome. These effects are prevented by TPO injection 1h prior to IR. We also show that genes repressed upon IR, and not in the IR+TPO condition, are significantly more prone to contain an L1Md in their introns than by chance (p<0.05). This is specific for the L1Md family and for genes that are downregulated upon IR. Some of these genes are involved in oncogenesis or HSC function. IR induces a loss of the HSC signature. Interestingly, 55% of the genes belonging to the HSC signature and that are repressed upon IR contain an L1Md in their introns. The human orthologous of 75% of the genes repressed upon IR and hosting an L1Md, also host young human and primate L1, suggesting a conserved functional role of young L1 in regulating hematopoietic gene expression.We have analyzed in more details several target genes, and validated a decreased expression upon IR that is accompanied by a loss of H3K9me3 at their respective intronic L1Md.These results show for the first time a link between IR and HSC epigenetics, and suggest a role for L1Md in regulating hematopoietic gene expression
Delale, Thomas. „Implication des récepteurs de type Toll dans la production d'interférons et l'initiation des réponses immunitaires antivirales“. Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelaunay, Tiphaine. „Etude de différents virus oncolytique pour l'immunothérapie du cancer : mécanisme de la sensibilité tumorale et effets sur la réponse immunitaire“. Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOncolytic immunotherapy exploits the lytic and immunogenic properties of oncolytic viruses (OV). These viruses selectively replicate in and lyze tumor cells without harming healthy tissues. During my thesis, I first identified the bi-allelic deletion of genes encoding type I interferons (IFN I, IFN-α et -β) as the most frequent defect in the IFN I antiviral response in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). These alterations make the tumor cells permissive to attenuated oncolytic measles virus that subsequently provokes their lysis. I also showed that this loss of IFN I genes is common to cancers for which the deletion of the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A is critical (glioblastoma, esophageal cancer). This is the first report showing a link between the deletion of IFN I genes and the sensitivity of tumor cells to OV. This link could be used as a predictive marker of the efficacy of oncolytic immunotherapy. I then demonstrated in vitro and in vivo a strong oncolytic activity against MPM of the VVTK-RR- modified vaccinia virus deleted from the genes encoding the thymidine kinase and the ribonucleotide reductase. This OV is thus of particular interest for oncolytic immunotherapy of MPM. Finally, I demonstrated a new mechanism by which different OV favor the human anti-tumor immune response. By lyzing tumor cells, OV allow the intercellular transfer of tumorassociated antigens such as NY-ESO-1 and induce or reinforce the presentation of these antigens to specific cytotoxic CD4+ T cells. Overall, my PhD work provides a better understanding of both the oncolytic activity of different viruses and their effects on the antitumor immune response
Pradezynski, Fabrine. „Modulation du système interféron de type I par les virus : en particulier par le virus de l'hépatite C et le virus influenza“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10252.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo replicate and propagate efficiently, viruses have developed multiple strategies allowing them to escape the innatedefense system: the type I IFN system, This work of thesis then consisted in studying the interactions between viralproteins and proteins of this defence system in order to understand better the mechanisms of viral subversion andidentifY possible therapeutic cellular tatgets. The reconstruction of a network of interacting proteins involved in the typeI IFN system allowed us to identifY differentiai subversion strategies for 4 viral families and to show a massive andsignificant targeting of proteins of the type I IFN system by viruses. Proteins directly interacting with the type Iinterferon system network are also strongly targeted by viruses and are potential modulators of the type I IFN system.Among these modulators, the most tatgeted function conesponds to the transport of NLS-bearing substrates to thenucleus and the KPNAI protein involved in this process held our attention. The functional study of the interactionbetween KPNA1 and NS3 protein of the HCV showed that NS3 protein associated with its cofactor NS4A inhibitsprutially the type I IFN response by preventing the nuclear translocation of ST A Tl. This phenotype could result fromthe degradation of KPNAI by NS3/4A. Besides, the identification of new cellular prutners ofNS 1 prote in of influenzavirus by yeast two-hybrid screens revealed ADARI, an interferon-stimulated prote in, as partner of NS 1 of ali testedvirus strains and we showed that ADARI is an essential host factor for viral replication and its editing function isactivated by NS 1 protein
Martinet, Valérie. „Rôle des Interférons de type I dans la régulation de l'expression d'Eomes et l'acquisition d'un phénotype mémoire par les lymphocytes T CD8+“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/277112.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gautier, Grégory. „Activation des cellules dendritiques par les récepteurs de la famille Toll : implication d'une boucle autocrine/paracrine d'interféron de type I dans la production d'interleukine-12“. Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10204.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoisvert, Marc. „Régulation de l'expression et de la production de l'interféron-γ par les intégrines liant le collagène chez les lymphocytes T“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19260.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlculumbre, Solana. „Division of Labor Between Distinct Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Subsets Following Viral Activation“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnder microbial stimulation plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells (pDC) secrete large amounts of type I interferon (IFN) and differentiate into mature dendritic cells capable of activating T cells. These innate and adaptive functions are thought to be induced sequentially in pDC through triggering of the IRF-7 and NFkB pathways, respectively. We found that viral activation of pDC induced their differentiation into three phenotypically distinct subsets: PD-L1+CD80- (P1), PD-L1+CD80+ (P2) and PD-L1-CD80+ (P3). P1 specifically produced IFN-α, indicating a specialization in innate immunity, while promoting weak activation and high IL-10 expression in CD4 T cells. Conversely, P3 showed increased expression of surface costimulatory molecules, improved migratory capacity, strong naïve CD4 T cell activation, and induction of Th2 differentiation. P2 had an intermediate functional profile. No conversion could be induced between subsets. We identified P1 in psoriatic skin, and blood from active lupus patients. Our results indicate reciprocal exclusion, rather than sequential link, of innate and adaptive pDC functions, with important implications in immune regulation and immunopathology
Pampin, Mathieu Pierre Raoûl. „Implication de PML et des corps nucléaires PML dans la réponse antivirale des IFN de type I contre les picornavirus“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePML (Promyelocytic Leukemia), protéine induite par l'interféron, est impliquée dans la régulation de nombreux processus cellulaires tels que l'inhibition de la croissance, l'apoptose et la défense antivirale. PML est localisée dans le nucléoplasme et sur une structure appelée corps nucléaires (CN) dont PML est l’organisatrice. Le poliovirus réorganise les CN et induit le recrutement de PML sur ces structures. Ce transfert fait intervenir la phosphorylation par ERK de PML et ensuite sa SUMOylation. Ces événements ont comme conséquence le recrutement de p53 sur les CN et à l’activation de p53 menant à l'induction de l'apoptose et à l'inhibition de la réplication virale. Le poliovirus contrecarre cette réponse cellulaire en induisant la dégradation de p53 via le proteasome sur les CN
Lepelley, Alice. „Mécanismes de reconnaissance des cellules infectées par le VIH-1par l'immunité innée“. Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInappropriate activation of host immune responses to pathogens often defines the severity of an infection. Detection of pathogens by innate immunity receptors leads to antiviral cytokines production, including type I interferons (IFN). Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the main type I IFN producer cells. In Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HlV-l)-infected patients, circulating pDC numbers are strongly decreased. In vitro, incubation of pDCs with HIV-1 virions triggers their maturation. PDCs and other cell types are able to produce type I IFN when exposed to HIV-1, in part through the detection of viral RNA by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in endosomes. The role of other récognition pathways in HIV-1 sensing by the innate immunity is still poorly known. We studied the recognition of HIV-1-infected cells by pDCs and other cell types. We show that infected lymphocytes are much more potent in pDCs stimulation than cell-free viral particles. We looked for viral proteins and activities required for innate immunity triggering. We also characterized cellular receptors involved in the detection of infected cells. In primary pDCs and a pDC cell line, TLR7 is mainly responsible for the recognition. Cells producing non-replicative HIV-1, mutated in the reverse transcriptase, the integrase or the nucleocapsid, induce as much IFN as wild type virus. On the contrary, mutants with no envelope or a non-fusogenic envelope activate less target cells. This suggests that, in addition to TLR7, cellular cytosolic proteins could take part in the detection. We also show that mechanisms of infected cells recognition vary depending on the target cell. TLR7 negative cells are able to sense infected cells. This process requires access of viral material to the cytoplasm of target cells. It involves the cytosolic recognition pathway of viruses through IRF3 activation. We want to pursue the study of HIV-1 recognition mechanisms by TLR7 negative cells by the precise characterization of cellular receptors and viral components involved. The identification of HIV-1 detection mechanisms will allow a better understanding of the immunologic events associated with the early and chronic phases of the infection
Baychelier, Florence. „Mise en évidence de l'implication de protéine adaptatrice Gab2 dans les voies de signalisation induites par les interférons de type 1“. Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDutrieux, Jacques. „Modification de l'homéostasie lymphocytaire T lors de l'infection aiguë par SIVmac251 chez le macaque rhésus : implication des interférons de type 1“. Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077188.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMajor modifications of T-cell homoeostasis and type I interferon (IFN) response occurring during the acute phase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are key elements of the evolution of physiopathology. Indeed, these phenomena are poorly understood due to the difficulty to study this phase in humans. This thesis work contributes to a better definition of these modifications in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaques, an animal model of infection presenting a similar physiopathology as HIV infection in humans. First, in Humans, I showed that recent thymic emigrants significantly participate to HIV reservoir. In our animal model, early infection of thymocytes is observed. This infection induces, by 3 days post-infection, an acceleration of thymopoiesis that leads to a massive cell release in blood. Furthermore, this phenomenon is dependent on diversification of local IFN-α secrétion. The study of antiviral and anti-proliferative effects of the different simian IFN-α subtypes demonstrates that these cytokines have 4 different profiles of antiviral activity against SIVmac₂₅₁. Within the 12 simian IFN-a subtypes, 3 strongly inhibit viral replication in the cultures, 7 allow late viral escape after an initial inhibition of viral replication and the last 2 show no activity. Finally, I demonstrated that the observed diversification of IFN-α subtypes secretion is also found in lymph nodes and in various parts of the intestine by day 3 post-infection. This IFN-α secretion coincides with chemokines production in these organs probably leading to a modification of cellular migration within these organs. Thus, naive and central memory T-cells are recruited into lymph nodes while effector memory and effector T-cells are preferentially recruited in the gut
Baronti, Cécile. „Etude de Flavivirus : epidémiologie moléculaire en Bolivie et Analyse de leur interaction sur la réponse interféron dépendante du TLR3“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20664/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Flavivirus genus consists of sevevral human pathogens responsible for hemorragic syndrome or encephalitis. The absence of specific antiviral treatment and an increase in Flavivirus incidence has led to a greater research effort in fighting these diseases. The study takes an epidemiological and a fundamental approach in its analysis of the innate immune response to flavivirus infection as well as flaviviral adaptation to evade this response. The analysis of circulating strains in Bolivia has led to a better understanding of dengue and yellow fever and also an awareness of their genetic variability. Given the limited information available in Bolivia, our studies could be used as a reference to understand future epidemics, improve diagnostic methods and allow the development of prevention strategies to fight against yellow fever in south Africa. The relationship between virus and host results from a subtle balance between viral replication and immunity clearance allowing the survival of both species. Each one as developed defence mechanisms against the other. We also examined the role of the non structural protein NS1 in the interferon respons to Flaviviral infection. Knowledge on viral escape strategies from host immunity could help to develop antiviral treatment for these arbovirus diseases
Carthagena, Laetitia. „Rôle des protéines de la famille TRIM dans l'immunité innée : étude de leur implication dans l'activité anti-rétrovirale des interférons“. Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077192.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTRIMSa is a restriction factor that interferes with retroviral infections in a species specific manner in primate cells. A particular case exists in owl monkey cells, which express a fusion protein between TRIM5 and cyclophilin A, TRIMCyp, interfering with HIV-1 infection. TRIMSα expression has been shown to be induced by IFN. We evaluated the implication of TRIMSα or TRIMCyp in IFN-induced anti-retroviral activities. We show that IFN enhances TRIMSa expression in human, African green monkey and macaque cells, as well as TRIMCyp expression in owl monkey cells. We show that IFN potentates restriction activity against N-MLV in human and African green monkey cells, and that TRIMSa is the mediator of this IFN-induced activity. IFN treatment of owl monkey cells induces a TRIMCyp-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 restriction, as well as a strain-tropism independent restriction of MLV independent of TRIMCyp expression. Our results indicate that TRIMSα and TRIMCyp are implicated in IFN-induced anti-retroviral responses in primate cells, and suggest the existence of an IFN-induced anti-MLV activity in owl monkey cells, which involves a factor that remains to be identified, We next examined whether the entire TRIM protein family was involved in innate immunity. We performed a systematic analysis of TRIM gene expression in human primary cells (lymphocytes, macrophages) in response to IFN. We found that 27 of the 72 human TRIM genes are either up or down-regulated after IFN treatment, and identified novel TRIM proteins that are up-regulated by ÎFN. Our results suggest the involvement of additional TRIM proteins in regulating host antiviral activities
Detilleux, Dylane. „Functional characterization of the TRRAP pseudokinase and its chaperone TTT during transcriptional regulation in colorectal cancer“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT092/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGene expression regulation is critical for cells to adapt to external changes and maintain their homeostasis. Transcription is an essential step in gene expression and is controlled by numerous factors and cofactors. One such cofactor is TRRAP, the largest subunit of two distinct chromatin-modifying complexes, SAGA and TIP60. TRRAP interacts with a diverse range of transcription factors including c-MYC and E2Fs, and mediates the recruitment of SAGA and TIP60 to gene promoters. TRRAP is a member of the PIKK family of atypical kinases. Prior studies defined the TTT co-chaperone as an essential regulator of PIKK stability and activity. In contrast to its cognate kinases, TRRAP lacks catalytic residues and is the sole pseudokinase among PIKKs. Although TTT has been shown to stabilize and interact with TRRAP, the role of TTT on TRRAP function remains unknown. Using an inducible degron system that allows the rapid and acute depletion of endogenous proteins, we demonstrated that TTT is required to assemble TRRAP within its functional complexes prior its nuclear import. Additionally, through transcriptomic analyses we determined that TTT regulates a large number of TRRAP-dependent genes in colorectal cancer cells. Profiling of the genome-wide binding of TRRAP via CUT&RUN-seq identified the direct targets of TRRAP, of which only a small fraction overlaps with MYC targets. We also uncovered a direct inhibitory role of TRRAP on a subset of the interferon-stimulated genes, which mediate the interferon response in the innate immune system. Altogether, our data suggest that TRRAP and its chaperone TTT are involved in tumorigenesis through the maintenance of a specific transcriptional program
Martin, Amaury. „Développement de nouvelles approches antivirales du virus de l'hépatite C basées sur l'utilisation d'interférons alpha variants et d'antisens de type Peptide Nucleic Acids“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKhoryati, Liliane. „Propriétés immuno-modulatrices des IgE dans le lupus érythémateux systémique : impact sur la sécrétion d’interféron de type I par les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0159/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are characterized by their unique ability to produce large amounts of type I interferon (IFN-I) upon Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 9 triggering. A fundamental role for pDCs has been shown in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through IFN-I production. pDCs express the high affinity Fc receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE), FcεRI, involved in the negative regulation of IFN-I secretion. The objective of our study is to investigate, in the context of SLE, the effects of IgE treatment on pDCs functions, especially on IFN-I production. In vitro, monoclonal IgE treatment of pDCs upregulate their surface expression of FcεRI and decrease transcripts levels of TLR7/9 and IRF7. IgE-treated pDCs decrease IFN-α secretion and downregulate maturation markers expression induced by TLR7/9 and immune complexes triggering. Moreover, the coculture of IgE pretreated pDCs with allogeneic naive LT4 promotes their differentiation into IL-10-secreting cells. In vivo, patients with quiescent SLE have higher IgE levels than patients with active disease (independently of allergy or parasitic infection). In SLE patients, IgE levels are inversely correlated to anti-DNA antibodies and disease activity (SLEDAI). All together, our data suggest a protective role for IgE in SLE through the modulation of the inflammatory response by pDC
Frémond, Marie-Louise. „Clinical and molecular characterisation of the type I interferonopathies and approaches to therapy Efficacy of the Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in the treatment of vasculopathy associated with TMEM173-activating mutations in three children Blockade of TANK-binding kinase 1/IKKε mutant stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated inflammatory responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe term 'type I interferonopathies', first coined in 2011, refers to a set of Mendelian disorders associated with constitutive up-regulation of type I interferon (IFN) signalling. All of the genes associated with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), the first Mendelian type I interferonopathy described, have been implicated in either the processing or sensing of nucleic acids. Beyond AGS, the other mutated proteins associated with type I interferonopathies have a direct, indirect, or currently undefined action on nucleic acid signalling. Type I IFNs drive the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) through the engagement of a common receptor and the subsequent activation of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and tyrosine kinase 2, and phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. Our team has developed diagnostic tools to identify type I interferonopathies, comprising a so-called IFN signature, involving the assessment of mRNA expression of 6 ISGs and, more recently, a high sensitivity assay of IFN alpha protein using single molecule array technology. Monogenic mutations so far recognised as type I interferonopathies are associated with a wide spectrum of phenotype. The hallmark of these diseases is their significant morbidity and mortality, associated with an apparent absence of response to conventional immunosuppressive therapies. Activating mutations in TMEM173, encoding stimulator of IFN genes (STING), cause a severe inflammatory condition referred to as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI), characterised by skin vasculopathy and interstitial lung disease leading to end-stage respiratory failure. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein STING is a central component of DNA sensing that induces type I IFNs through phosphorylation of IRF3. An international cohort of 20 STING patients is reported in this thesis, emphasising the clinical heterogeneity of this condition. We also investigated the link between heterozygous mutations in COPA and type I IFN signalling. COPA encodes the alpha subunit of the 7 member coatomer complex I, involved in retrograde transport from the golgi to the ER. Heterozygous mutations in COPA cause a phenotype showing some overlap with SAVI, and are associated with increased ER stress and priming of a Th17 response. However, the precise pathophysiology of this disease is so far undefined. We have studied a group of 8 patients illustrating the phenotypic variability of this emerging disease. We observed commonalities in the lung pathology in COPA and SAVI, as well as an IFN signature, raised levels of IFN alpha in the serum and phosphorylation of STAT1 in patient T cells. In a cellular model, phosphorylation of IRF3 and increased ISG expression were observed in cells co-transfected with wild type STING and mutant COPA plasmids, suggesting that mutations in COPA lead to constitutive activation of type IFN signalling through STING. We reported, for the first time, the successful use of a JAK1 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, in the context of SAVI. We observed a marked clinical effect, which was mirrored by the results of in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Because of the severity of SAVI, we also aimed to evaluate alternative therapeutic approaches to block type I IFN signalling and showed that IKK inhibition efficiently abrogated in vitro constitutive activation of type I IFN production and signalling in cells from STING patients. Considering the promising results of JAK1 blockade in SAVI, we then trialled ruxolitinib in other monogenic type I interferonopathies (TREX1, COPA) and in a child with severe dermatomyositis, a disease where type I IFN has been suggested to play a key pathogenic role
Rialland, Pascale. „Mécanismes moléculaires de régulation de la durée de vie des cellules dentritiques spléniques murines“. Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRegulation of dendritic cell (DC) lifespan contributes to the maintenance of tolerance and to the regulation of immune responses amplitude. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this control are not fully elucidated. Bid-/- cells are resistant to apoptosis induced by different cytotoxic pathways. I show that antigen cross-presentation to T lymphocytes is improved in Bid-/- mice in absence of inflammatory signals. We postulated that this increased cross- presentation could be due to a defect of immature DC elimination by T lymphocytes, hypothesis we couldn't confirm. We also show that poly(LC) injection induces splenic conventional DC apoptosis in vivo. Apoptosis relies partially on recognition of poly(I:C) by the cytosolic receptor MDA-5. CD8α+ DCs respond to poly(I:C) by producing type I interferons, that control their lifespan. Our results highlight a new pro-apoptotic pathway in DCs induced by poly(I:C) and identify a new feedback regulatory role for the type I IFN response
Futsch, Nicolas. „Caractérisation de l’activation des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes par les virus HTLV-1 et HTLV-2 et de son importance dans la symptomatologie viro-induite“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHTLV-1 (Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1) is the etiological agent of two main diseases: the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and the HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, which are characterized by different immune phenotypes. While the ATLL is linked to an immunosuppressive state, the HAM/TSP is linked to a pro-inflammatory state in patients. The mechanisms contributing to the development of these two diseases in the HTLV-1 infected individuals are poorly understood. Type I interferon (IFN-I) has ambivalent functions in the organism. While this cytokine is an effector of early immune responses, several studies have reported a negative impact of this cytokine during chronic infections. The plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the main producers of IFN-I in vivo, and can produce high amounts of this cytokine after the recognition of virally infected cells. We have shown that pDCs are able to recognize HTLV-1-infected cells, thus leading to the production of IFN-I. pDCs’ triggering is mediated by the accumulated viral particles at the surface of the infected cells, within a carbohydrate-rich structure, previously described as the viral biofilm. The nature of the extracellular matrix itself seems to regulate IFN-I production by pDCs, since the exposition of an asialylated Galβ(1-3)GalNAc glycan at the surface of the HTLV-infected cells reduces the IFN-I production. We also observed that HTLV-2 (a close relative of HTLV-1)-infected cells, in contrast to HTLV-1-infected cells, tend to induce a lower production of IFN-I after being recognized by the pDCs but a greater maturation of the latter. Finally, we have shown that pDCs’ frequency in the blood and their ability to produce IFN-α after an ex vivo stimulation is equivalent in healthy donors, asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers and HAM/TSP patients. This result contrasts with previous studies which demonstrated that blood circulating pDCs’ frequency is reduced in ATLL patients and that pDCs from HTLV-1 infected individuals have a reduced ability to produce IFN-α after stimulation. Thus, dysregulation of the frequency and functionality of pDCs could contribute to the development of one disease or the other
Cloutier, Nathalie. „Rôle des protéines de latence du virus humain herpès-8 sur la synthèse d'interféron de type 1“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27219/27219.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMattiuz, Raphaël. „Rôle des cellules dendritiques conventionnelles de type 1 dans l'immunosurveillance des cancers“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0437.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe have generated and validated unique and specific mouse models to study the type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1), including the Xcr1-DTA, Karma and Xcr1-hDTR mice to eliminate cDC1 constitutively or conditionally, and the Xcr1Cre and KarmaCre mice to selectively inactivate candidate genes in these cells (Mattiuz et al., Frontiers in Immunology 2018). We took advantage of these different models to better understand the role of cDC1 in natural immunity to cancer. To do this, we used a model of breast adenocarcinoma (NOP23), which is spontaneously rejected after orthotopic implantation in syngeneic C57BL/6 female mice.We have shown that cDC1, interferons, conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and later NK/NKT cells are instrumental in breast cancer immunosurveillance. However, surprisingly, neither cDC1 cell-intrinsic response to type I interferons nor CXCL9, IL-12, IL-15 and XCR1 were necessary for tumor rejection. cDC1-intrinsic IFN-γ and STAT1 signaling pathways were nevertheless instrumental in breast cancer immunosurveillance. We have established that cDC1 interact with tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells together in the tumor stroma. Accordingly, cDC1 and interferons shape the tumor immune landscape and notably promote CD4+ and CD8+ T cell effector phenotypes, terminal differentiation and functions. In accordance with our experimental results in mice, high expression in the tumor microenvironment of genes specific to cDC1, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), helper T cells or interferon responses (ISGs) are associated with a better prognosis in human breast cancer patients
Bruel, Timothée. „Étude des mécanismes de la réponse interféron de type I précoce et du contrôle à long terme de la virémie dans le modèle d’infection du macaque cynomolgus par le SIV : implications dans la physiopathologie du VIH“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114819.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHIV infection induces a chronic immune activation, which is suspected to be a driving force in the pathogenesis of AIDS. Identifying control mechanisms of this immune activation, and a better understanding of the spontaneous control observed in some patients, are essential steps towards the development of innovative therapies. We used the model of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) infected by the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) to study these two fundamental fields of HIV pathogenesis.It is proposed that early induction of chronic immune activation is a consequence of an interferon-induced genes (ISG) overexpression in response to type I interferons (IFN-I). These I IFN (α and β) are preferentially produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in response to the virus. Our first objective was to study the dynamics of pDC and IFN-I production during infection, together with chronic immune activation and viremia analysis. Our results indicate that pDCs are activated in tissues and are responsible for the transient IFN-I production observed during primary infection. The dynamics of pDCs (apoptosis, activation, renewal) induces an impaired IFN-I production by pDC, which could account both the functional defect of pDCs and the arrest of IFN-I production. Surprisingly, control of IFN-I production is not followed by down-regulation of ISG, which suggests the existence of other mechanisms that induce ISG and emphasizes the multifactorial origin of chronic immune activation.In a second study, we analyzed the impact of a in vivo CD8 T cells depletion in animals which spontaneously control viral replication in the long term. Importantly, four of the five animals in the study do not express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) previously associated with control, and none of them display strong CD8 response. The transient depletion of CD8 cells results in four controllers in a transient increase in viremia, which then stabilizes at values similar to pre-depletion levels when CD8+ cells come back. One of these animals controls their viremia before the restoration of CD8. In the fifth animal, CD8 depletion was not followed by a rise in viremia. Overall, the control of viremia after the transient increase was not associated to an increase of the antiviral function of CD8 T cells. In contrast, CD4 T cells expansion and activation were noticed and positively correlated to plasma viremia. These results suggest that CD8 responses are not the main cause of long-term control of viremia in these animals. In our model, other mechanisms, such as smaller reservoir or better control of immune activation, seem to be involved in this controller phenotype.In conclusion, these results shed light on the contribution of pDCs, IFN-I and CD8 T cells in the pathogenesis of HIV, and allow us to propose a new model for studying early immunological mechanisms in HIV controllers
Garcia-Cattaneo, Alejandra. „Régulation du transport, de la maturation et de la signalisation du TLR3“. Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTLR3 is an endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) that mediates immune responses against viral infections upon activation by its ligand double stranded RNA, a replication intermediate of most viruses. TLR3 is expressed widely in the body and activates both the innate and adaptive immune Systems. However, little is known about how TLR3 intracellular trafficking and maturation are regulated. Here we show that newly synthesized endogenous TLR3 is transported through the ER and Colgi apparatus to endosomes, where it is rapidly cleaved. TLR3 protein expression is up-regulated by its own ligand leading to the accumulation of its cleaved form. Furthermore, TLR3 signaling and cleavage are sensitive to a cathepsin inhibitor. Screening of the human cathepsin family by RNA interference identified cathepsins B and H as key mediators of TLR3 processing. Cleavage occurs between aa 252 and 346, and results in a functional receptor that signals upon activation. A truncated form of TLR3 lacking the N-terminal 345 amino acids does also signal from acidic compartments in response to ligand activation. Taken together our data indicate that TLR3 proteolytic processing is essential for its function and suggests a mechanism of tight control of TLR3 signaling and thus inflammation
Touzot, Maxime. „Interactions cytokiniques dans le microenvironnement inflammatoire : Analyse à large échelle de la réponse aux Interférons de Type I lors la de polarisation des Lymphocytes T auxiliaires“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869744.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSmith, Nikaïa. „Étude moléculaire du TNF-Related Apoptosis Induced Ligand (TRAIL) et de l’activation du Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) dans les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes lors de la réponse antivirale“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB145/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePDC are the first line of defense of our organism against pathogens and establish the essential link between the innate and adaptive immunity. pDC endocyte and destroy the viral particles and thus, detect the genetic material with their antiviral sensors from the Toll-Like Family (TLR). The activation of TLR7/9 induces massive production of type I interferon (IFN-I), a powerful antiviral molecule, essential to control viral propagation during the acute phases of the infection. However, type I IFN can have deleterious effects in a large number of chronic infections and autoimmune diseases. Thus, it seems essential to discover the regulatory mechanism of pDC as well as pDC activation modulators. We showed that monoamines (histamine, dopamine and serotonin) and polyamines (spermine and spermidine) inhibit completely the activation of virus-stimulated pDC. Thus, we showed that amines regulated pDC activation through CXCR4 engagement and that this receptor was a potential switch "on-off" for pDC during viral infections. To better understand the mechanism of action by which amines inhibit pDC activation, we developed a new technology: siRNA transfection in human primary pDC. Furthermore, we detected multinuclear giant cells bearing the shape of a bicycle wheel when pDC are cultured in vitro with high quantities of HIV virus. Thus, on top of monocytes and macrophages, pDC can form in vitro multinuclear giant cells with high levels of p24 viral protein of HIV-1. However, pDC barely get infected (less than 5%). We then wondered if the receptors and co-receptors of the virus were important for the viral recognition during HIV-activation of pDC
Zucchini, Nicolas. „Etude in vivo des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes murines à l'infection par le cytomégalovirus murin“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22090.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlasmacytoid dentritic cells (pDC) are characterized by their ability to rapidly produce high levels of type I interferon (IFN-I) in response to many viruses, especially during in vivo infection by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). PDC also contribute to the production of other cytokines. However, their relativecontribution to these functions compared to other cells in unclear. In addtition, the overall role of pDC in the host resistance to viral infection is difficult to study rigorously, partly beacause of the lack beacause of a method for the effective and specific depletion of these cells in vivo. The expressions of IFN-I, IL-2 and TNF-a were examined by multiparameter flow cytometry identify the cellular souces and molecular mechanisms involved in the production if innate cytokines in various tissues early after infection by MCMV. Splenic pDC are the main source of innate cytokines early after infection been identified to regulate these functions. In order to obtain different mouse models designed for the rigorous study of pDC functions, we are about to generate mice that express CRE recombinase specifically in pDC
Vourc'h, Mickaël. „Immunosubversion du Lymphocyte Natural Killer par Pseudomonas aeruginosa“. Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1042/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes lung infections in immunosuppressed patients. Among its virulence factor PA expresses the type III secretion system (T3SS) and effector Exoenzymes (ExoS, T and Y). Natural killer (NK) cell plays a key role in anti-bacterial immunity especially after PA infection. Their activation is highly dependent on their microenvironment especially on myeloid cells. NK cell exhibits two main functions: Cytokines production and cytotoxicity toward stressed or abnormal cells. We studied PA influence on these two main functions. We used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), sorted human NK cells and two human NK cell lines (NK92, NK3.3) for in vitro experiments and a PA-pneumonia mouse model to validate our hypothesis in vivo. Degranulation was assessed by cytotoxicity assay, exposing NK cells to 721.221 targets lacking HLA-A, B and C class I antigens. NK cells required IL-12 priming to produce IFN-g in response to the infection and PA increased IFN-g activity as compared to IL-12 stimulation in noninfected conditions. The modulation of IFN-g production after PA infection required bacteria-to-cell contact. Among T3SS and its effector, ExoT is the key regulator of IFN-g activity through a ERK dependant signalisation. Our hypotheses were confirmed in vivo. Alongside with cytokine function, CD107a activity, a surrogate marker of degranulation (Cytotoxic function), dramatically decreased after NK cells infection with PA. Cytotoxicity impairment could be explained by the modification of NK cells receptor expression after infection (notably NKG2D) or accessory cells, especially T cells
Troegeler, Anthony. „Analyse de la fonction de deux nouvelles lectines de type C, DCIR et CL-LK, dans l'immunité anti-tuberculeuse“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30116/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTuberculosis (TB) is a wide-spread disease which causes the death of more than one million of people around the world each year. This represents a really harmfull healthcare and new drugs and treatments are always in development to better fight this destructive illness. In this context, it is crucial to understand the relation between the etiological agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the immune system. Mycobacteria are recovered by some glycolipid structure which could be recognized by specific receptor called C-Type Lectin. Here we investigated the role of two recently highlights C-type lectins which haven't been studied in a tuberculosis context, CL-LK (Collectin Liver Kidney) and DCIR (Dendritic Cell (DC) ImmunoReceptor). In the recent years, novel soluble lectins were identified and belong these; CL-K1 (Collectin Kidney 1) was identified by a glycan array as a potential receptor in the sugar complex recognition of M.tb. In blood, CL-K1 is linked with another soluble lectin called CL-L1 (Collectin Liver 1) and form a complex CL-LK molecule. With some in vitro experiment, notably with biochemistry approach and cytometer analysis, we were able to confirm that CL-LK can bind Mtb and more particularly the mannose residue presents on the Lipoarabinomannan, a major constituent of the mycomembrane. Mice deficient in CL-K1, one of the CL-LK subunits, do not display altered susceptibility to Mtb. However, we found that the amount of CL-LK in the serum of patients with active TB is reduced, compared to that in controls, and correlates inversely to the magnitude of the immune response to the pathogen. These findings indicate that CL-LK might be of interest for future diagnostic and treatment monitoring purposes. In a second part of this thesis, we have focused our interest on the C-Type lectin DCIR in immunity to the tuberculosis agent, Mtb. DCIR is expressed in pulmonary lesions in Mtb-infected non-human primates during both symptomless infection and active TB disease. In vitro, global gene expression profiling coupled to RT-qPCR validation revealed that upon Mtb infection, the expression of a number of interferon (IFN)-responsive genes was impaired in DCIR-deficient murine bone marrow-derived DCs, compared to in wild-type cells. This inhibition correlated with an excessive phosphorylation of Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)2 in DCIR-KO cells, followed by a subsequent dephosphorylation of Signal transducer and activator of transcription1(STAT1) which is crucially involved in the regulation of the type I IFN.Type I IFNs are known to inhibit interleukin (IL)-12 production in DCs, and indeed, we found that impaired IFN signaling in DCIR-deficient DCs was associated with an increased production of IL-12p70 and an increased ability of Mtb-infected cells to stimulate IFN?-producing Th1 lymphocyte proliferation. DCIR-deficient mice controlled Mtb infection better than wild-type animals, which correlated with an increased production of IL-12p70, an increased proliferation of Th1 lymphocytes, and an increased inflammation and cell infiltration in the lungs of DCIR-KO animals. This excessive inflammation is characterized by an increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the lungs. Taken together, our results reveal a novel pathway by which a C-Type lectin modulates the equilibrium between infection-driven inflammation and pathogen's control through sustaining type I IFN signaling in DCs
Vendrame, Daniela. „La transmission du VIH-1de cellule à cellule, une stratégie d'échappement viral“. Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHIV-1, as many other enveloped viruses, can be transmitted both via cell-free virus particles and by direct cell-to-cell transfer. Cell-to-cell transfer is the principal means of virus propagation in tissue culture and may participate to virus spread in vivo. We describe here two situations in which this mode o transmission favoured HIV spread. We measured the impact of IFN on HIV replication. We confirm the potent effect of IFN on Gag p24 production in supernatants. Interestingly, IFN had a more limited effect on HIV spread, (appearance of Gag+ cells). Cell-to-cell HIV transfer was less sensitive to IFN than infection by cell-free virions. These result: suggest that IFN are less active in cell cultures than initially thought. They may help explain the incomplete protection by naturally secreted IFN and the unsatisfactory outcome of IFN-treatment in HIV-infected patients. Later, we report the emergence of a primary HIV-1 variant carrying a 20-amino acid truncation of the Env gp 41 cytoplasmic tail (CT) in vivo. We demonstrated that this truncation was deleterious for viral replication in cell culture. We then identified a compensatory substitutions in the matrix protein that reversed the negative effects of CT truncation. The loss and rescue of infectivity depended on the level of Env incorporation into virus particles. Interestingly, this deleted virus was able to spread by cell-to-cell transfer Direct spread from cell-to cell may have participated to the replication of the mutant virus in vivo, for the time required to select compensatory mutations in the matrix protein
Ogor, Thomas. „Ciblage cellulaire spécifique de l'interféron α pour le contrôle des défenses immunitaires antitumorales“. Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONT001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt is widely accepted that a cancer develops when cancer cells escape from the control of the immune system and that harnessing the immune defences in order to reactivate endogenous anti-tumor T cells could be a therapeutic option for full and durable responses.Type I interferon is known for its potent antitumor activity in experimental mouse tumors. Furthermore, it has been shown to be a key cytokine necessary for the efficacy of many anticancer agents targeting not only cancer cells (ionising radiations, cytostatic chemicals, mAbs…) but also the immune system (vaccination, CAR-T cells…). However, its use is no longer considered by the clinician owing to the side effects experienced by the patients. To address this concern, a highly promising technology allowing the design of cell-specific targeted interferon molecules has been developed and the objective of our present work is to generate and pre-clinically evaluate lead compounds. For this, a number of research frontiers must be tackled, these include to answer to the fundamental questions 'where' and 'when' interferon must act in order to exert its antitumor activity either alone or in combination with the above-mentioned therapeutic strategies.The question 'when' is important because it is highly suspected that the relative timing of interferon action and TCR stimulation determines whether the effect of interferon is immunostimulant or immunosuppressive. The question 'where' is evident since it determines the choice of the targeting moiety of the engineered interferons. We know that the action of interferon on dendritic cells is necessary for its antitumor activity but is it sufficient? Is an action on T cells also mandatory? Is an interferon action on tumor cells or stroma cells necessary for attracting effector immune cells?
Glenet, Marie. „Impact des ARN génomiques des Entérovirus-B tronqués en région 5'non-codante sur l'activation de la réponse interféron de type I dans les cardiomyocytes humains Major 5′terminally deleted enterovirus populations modulate type I IFN response in acute myocarditis patients and in human cultured cardiomyocytes Structures and functions of viral 5′ non-coding genomic RNA domain-I in group-B enterovirus infections Impact of 5 terminally deleted Enterovirus-B genome on type I IFN response in human cardiomyocytes | [Impact des Entérovirus-B tronqués en région 5 NC sur la réponse IFN de type I dans les cardiomyocytes humains]“. Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMM204.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGroup-B Enterovirus (EV-B) genomic RNA forms with deletions in 5' non-coding region (5'NC) have been associated with the development of acute or chronic human cardiomyopathies. The impact of 5’terminally deleted (5’TD) viral genomic RNA populations on type I interferon response activation in target cells remains unknown. In human and murine cardiac biopsies collected during EV-B myocarditis, we identified by a RACE-PCR approach different natural 5’NC deleted RNA forms whose proportions were correlated positively or negatively to IFN-β levels in cardiac tissues. Through transfection of synthetic full-length (FL) or 5’TD CVB-3/28 RNA forms alone or in similar proportions to those observed in blood, we demonstrated that stem-loop "d" structure of EV-B RNA domain I possesses an immunomodulatory five nucleotide motif responsible for IFN-β pathway induction. Using STING-37 knockdown cells for each RLRs (RIG-I or MDA5), we evidenced that the sensing of 5’TD RNA forms characterized by the loss of this nucleotide motif was RIG-I-dependent and associated with an LGP2 negative feedback, resulting in IFN-β response decrease in infected cells. By contrast, the innate immune sensing of FL or 5’TD forms with conserved stem-loop “d” structure was MDA5-dependent sensing and associated with higher IFN-β levels. Natural nucleotide deletions affecting domain I of 5'NC region of EV-B genome modulate the immune sensing of viral RNA by RLRs. These data should stimulate the development of target immunotherapies to restore an efficient antiviral innate immune response and potentially to achieve a viral clearance of human EV-B infected heart tissues
Farez, Tarik. „Impact de l'interféron gamma sur la production de la kératine 15 dans les kératinocytes isolés de la peau de patients atteints d'épidermolyse bulleuse simplex“. Thèse, Université Laval, 2013. http://constellation.uqac.ca/2646/1/030585499.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHamie, Maguy. „Pistes pour une meilleure compréhension et de nouvelles modalités de traitement de la toxoplasmose“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToxoplasma gondii is a prevalent parasite of medical and veterinary impact. In intermediate hosts, tachyzoïtes and bradyzoïtes are responsible for acute and chronic toxoplasmosis (AT and CT), respectively. In immunocompetent patients, AT evolves, due to the host immunity, into a persistent CT, which manifests as latent tissue cysts in the brain and skeletal muscles. CT correlates with several neuro-pathologies and cancers. In immunocompromised patients, CT may reactivate and poses a life threatening condition. Current treatments primarily target AT, are limited to general anti-parasitic/anti-bacterial drugs, and associate with several limitations. Here, we focused on targeting CT and understanding its molecular mechanisms. First, we explored the efficacy of Imiquimod against AT and CT. During AT, Imiquimod led to recruitment of T cells to peritoneum and spleen of treated mice and significantly decreased the number of brain cysts upon establishment of CT. Remarkably, gavage of mice with the remaining brain cysts from Imiquimod treated mice, failed to induce CT. Post-establishment of CT, we demonstrated that Imiquimod sharply reduced the number of brain cysts in chronically infected mice, and significantly increased Toll-Like Receptors 11 and 12. These TLRs are usually expressed by dendritic cells and monocytes, and bind a tachyzoïte actin-binding protein, profilin. Concomitantly, TLR-7 was upregulated, likely by its agonist Imiquimod. Imiquimod induced interconversion as documented by the decreased protein levels of P21, and increased protein levels of P30, exclusively expressed in bradyzoïtes and tachyzoïtes respectively. Pathways downstream from TLR-11/12 were activated, through MyD88 dependent TLR signaling, which resulted in subsequent immune response induction. In vitro, Toxoplasma strain lacking profilin, does not respond to Imiquimod, suggesting a role through Profilin/TLR-11/12. Finally, Imiquimod treatment upregulated the transcript expression levels of Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) and 10 (CXCL10), known to induce T cell recruitment to reactivated Toxoplasma foci to clear the infection.Then, we focused on molecular mechanisms involved in AT and notably CT. We characterized P18, a Surface-Antigen 1 (SAG-1) Related Sequence (SRS) superfamily member. When we deleted P18, the virulence was attenuated during AT. Indeed, P18 depletion led to a faster clearance of the parasites from the peritoneum of mice, paralleled by a substantial recruitment of dendritic cells, presumably a vehicle for tachyzoïte dissemination. Concomitantly, a lower number of tachyzoïtes was detected in the spleens while a higher number of parasites reached the brains of infected mice. P18 depletion increased the number of bradyzoïte cysts, in vitro and in the brains of infected mice. An induced expression of cytokines/chemokines, including CXCL9 and 10 was also observed. Immunosuppression of infected mice with KO P18, delayed reactivation. Oral infection of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) (with IFN-g secreting macrophages), and NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rgnull (NSG) mice (lacking IFN-g), showed a significant prolonged survival in infected SCID but not NSG mice. This underlines a role for IFN-g in the conversion from bradyzoïtes to tachyzoïtes. Collectively, these data support a role of P18 in orchestrating the immune response, which ultimately facilitates tachyzoïte trafficking to the brain and favors cyst formation. P18 plays also a central role in parasite reactivation and dissemination in an IFN-g dependent fashion.Altogether, we showed the promising therapeutic potential of Imiquimod against toxoplasmosis and characterized P18 role in immunomodulation to control dissemination and interconversion. Our study paves the path towards new therapeutic approaches against toxoplasmosis. It tackled key questions pertaining to establishment, maintenance and reactivation of CT and should result in a comprehensive solution to this endemic disease
Govender, Umeshree. „Study of transcription factors involved in the upregulation of IL-10 expression in human CD4 T cells costimulated by T cell receptor and type I interferon“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn CD4 T cells several transcription factors (TFs) regulate expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. I investigated how type I interferon (IFN) cytokines and T cell receptor (TCR) pathways cooperate toward early upregulation of IL-10 in human CD45RA+ CD4+ T cells. I interrogated the role of the STAT and BATF family by transciptomics and RNAi-mediated gene-silencing. IFN and TCR induced STAT2 and STAT3 expression, respectively, while the BATFs were induced early by IFN and further enhanced by TCR/IFN together. STAT3 was the major regulator of TCR- and TCR/IFN-mediated IL-10 while STAT2 contributed to the latter. STAT3 was recruited adjacent to a BATF-binding site at the IL-10 locus early in response to TCR/IFN. Co-silencing of the three BATFs led to a marked decrease in TCR- and TCR/IFN-mediated IL-10. We propose that the BATFs control the magnitude of the IFN response as pioneer factors. Additional results of transcriptional profiling of ± 200 genes, including TFs downstream of TCR and IFN and TFs involved in IL-10 regulation, revealed that TCR and IFN provide unique and combined contributions to the early CD45RA+CD4+ T cell gene activation program and identified other potential TFs involved in TCR/IFN-mediated IL-10 transcription. This study may provide broad mechanistic bases for crosstalk between the TCR- and IFN-pathways