Dissertationen zum Thema „Interférométrie à dérive de fréquence“
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Roubeau-Tissot, Amaël. „Interférométrie à dérive de fréquence pour la mesure de la lumière parasite sur l'instrument spatial LISA“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) is a space interferometer dedicated to the detection of gravitational waves in the frequency range [20 µHz-1 Hz], currently under development (phase B). This international project, managed by ESA, will comprise a constellation of three satellites in a triangular formation, each emitting two laser beams towards the other two. There are therefore a total of 6 laser links, and 6 units, called MOSA (Moving Optical Sub-Assembly) responsible for transmitting and receiving the beams, and for measuring inter-satellite distance variations. Each MOSA contains three heterodyne interferometers, and as with any optical device, stray light can compromise measurement accuracy, resolution and dynamics. It is therefore necessary to develop an instrumentation (called the SL-OGSE, Stray Light-Optical Ground Support Equipment) capable of detecting and identifying the contributions of coherent stray light interfering with the device's nominal beams. It will have to meet two requirements in particular: determine the optical path length of the stray light with a resolution better than 2 mm, giving an accuracy of 1 mm on the position of the faulty component, and achieve a measurement floor in fractional optical amplitude of 1,1.10-6 (or 2,2.10-6 in electrical fractional amplitude) in the range of optical paths to be covered.The chosen method is frequency-drift interferometry (FMCW, Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) by injecting a frequency-swept laser beam into the system under test. The outgoing optical and electrical signals are captured during the optical frequency sweep, and any modulation of these signals will be attributed to the existence of a stray light amplitude, which interferes with the nominal light amplitude. The optical path difference (OPD) between stray and nominal light is deduced from the frequency of these interference fringes. It is by exploiting the OPD value that we can identify the path followed by the stray light, and trace it back to the offending component.The aim of this thesis is to develop a prototype of this instrumentation, comprising a laser diode that can be scanned over 2 nm (to achieve the desired OPD resolution), a laser phase-locked loop, a precise frequency ramp measurement, a real-time ramp calibrator and a data acquisition and processing system.This prototype, tested first on a simplified set-up where we control the presence of stray light, then on a complex system close to the MOSA, has enabled various verifications. The method works for the detection of any type of stray light (stray beam or scattered light type), effectively resolving the contributions from the two sides of a 1mm glass plate and achieving a detection floor below 10-6 in fractional optical amplitude (below 10-12 in fractionnal optical power) in a range of OPD values from 15 mm to over 10 m, covering typical stray light paths in the MOSA. The prototype was finally used to measure stray light in an interferometric demonstrator whose complexity is close to that of a MOSA. This test enabled us to identify certain disturbances, such as changes in the polarization of the injected beam due to the frequency scanning, or imperfections in the frequency scanning, which affect the optical signals recorded. Strategies are proposed to reduce these disturbances, or to take them into account when processing the recorded signals
Ventalon, Catherine. „Ascension vibrationnelle dans les hémoprotéines à l' aide d' impulsions infrarouges intenses à dérive de fréquence“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPXX0059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVentalon, Catherine. „Ascension vibrationnelle dans les hémoprotéines à l'aide d'impulsions infrarouges à dérive de fréquence“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000964.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVentalon, Cathie. „Ascension vibrationnelle dans les hémoprotéines à l'aide d'impulsions infrarouges intenses à dérive de fréquence“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008323.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans ce travail, nous avons exploré une nouvelle voie d'excitation des molécules biologiques : nous avons utilisé des impulsions infrarouges, de manière à placer l'énergie directement dans les vibrations de la molécule. Cette technique permet théoriquement d'explorer la surface de potentiel de la protéine loin de sa région harmonique, et même d'approcher l'état de transition de la réaction catalysée par la protéine. Pour communiquer le plus d'énergie possible à la molécule, nous avons utilisé des impulsions infrarouges intenses et à dérive de fréquence qui permettent de gravir efficacement l'échelle vibrationnelle considérée.
Dans une première étape, nous avons engendré des impulsions infrarouges intenses dont l'énergie est de quelques microjoules et le spectre s'étend sur 170 cm-1 environ. Nous avons ensuite caractérisé ces impulsions par diverses méthodes : nous avons notamment mesuré leur phase spectrale au moyen d'une technique de HOT SPIDER temporel, ce qui constitue la première mesure de phase spectrale autoréférencée pour des impulsions centrées autour de 10 µm.
Dans une seconde étape, nous avons utilisé ces impulsions infrarouges pour exciter la vibration d'une molécule de CO liée à la myoglobine, puis à l'hémoglobine. Dans ce dernier cas, nous avons démontré l'ascension vibrationnelle de la molécule de CO jusqu'au 7ème niveau excité : nous avons ainsi réalisé la première expérience d'ascension vibrationnelle dans une molécule biologique ou plus généralement dans une macromolécule. Cette technique d'excitation nous a permis d'obtenir des données spectroscopiques nouvelles sur la carboxy-hémoglobine telles que la position et la largeur des raies d'absorption des différentes transitions vibrationnelles, les temps de vie des niveaux excités ainsi que la présence d'une anharmonicité électrique importante.
Chanteloup, Jean-Christophe. „Contrôle et mise en forme des fronts de phase et d'énergie“. Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003131/en/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa première partie est consacrée à la conception et la réalisation d'une boucle d'optique adaptative pour la correction des distorsions de surface d'onde sur la chaîne laser de puissance 100 Térawatts du Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses. Cette boucle repose sur l'utilisation d'un dispositif à cristaux liquides comme modulateur de phase et d'un interféromètre à décalage comme senseur de front d'onde. L'association de ces deux dispositifs a permis la construction d'un système innovant de mesure et mise en forme de la surface d'onde d'impulsions lasers ultra-intenses. Il est démontré qu'il permet de corriger une surface d'onde présentant d'importantes distorsions et ainsi améliorer grandement la qualité de focalisation de faisceaux lasers. Cette boucle d'optique adaptative a été testée avec succès sur la chaîne 100 Térawatts et une correction de la surface d'onde de l'ordre de 60% a ainsi pu être démontrée.
La seconde partie du mémoire traite de la mise en forme d'une impulsion laser inhomogène brève permettant le pompage du milieu à gain (un plasma) d'un laser à rayons X. L'idée consiste à jouer sur le parallélisme du système de compression d'impulsions utilisé en fin de chaîne 100 Térawatts. Un modèle expliquant la génération d'une impulsion inhomogène laser brève à l'aide de ce compresseur à réseaux de diffraction est développé. Une campagne expérimentale Laser X a notamment permis de valider les prédictions théoriques annoncées par ce modèle et a montré la nécessité d'utiliser une telle impulsion inhomogène afin d'obtenir une émission laser X lorsque le pompage s'effectue par impulsion brève.
Nelet, Ambre. „Le façonnage d'impulsions ultracourtes par amplification paramétrique optique à dérive de fréquence“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00411487.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePotvin, Simon. „Interférométrie à peignes de fréquence référencés : échantillonnage optique par variation de la longueur de cavité et doublage en fréquence“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25264.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenault, Amandine. „Étude et réalisation de la pré-amplification d'impulsions à dérive de fréquence par amplification paramétrique optique“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00603579.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBruno, Delmas. „Comment améliorer la dérive des résonateurs à quartz pour applications spatiales ?“ Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449571.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLarouche, Steeve. „Autocorrection en interférométrie à double peigne avec deux lasers à fibres indépendants“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66337.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBitard, Hugo. „Mesures de non réciprocités magnéto-électro-optiques par métrologie de fréquence“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is in the field of frequency metrology. It relates the observation of a bilinear magneto-electric effect in E and B in dilute media, not yet observed at the beginning of this thesis. We are particularly interested in cases where E and B are mutually orthogonal. To detect this effect, we use a high finesse Fabry-Perot ring cavity with 4 mirrors. A beam emitted by an infrared laser is split into two in order to circulate in two counterpropagating directions inside the optical cavity. This cavity contains rods delivering orthogonal electric and magnetic fields to each other and also orthogonal to the propagation vectors of the two intra-cavity beams. The application of E and B changes the resonant frequencies of the optical cavity for the two directions of propagation. This is called magneto-electric directional anisotropy. This effect was first observed in nitrogen gas at atmospheric pressure and in a followinf experiment in a crystal of Er: YAG. Next we modified the original experimental device, by putting it under vacuum in order to measure the effect of magneto-electric directional anisotropy in gases at sub-atmospheric pressures. Moreover, eigen polarization measurements of non-planar optical cavities have also been made to emphasize the importance of these for measuring the effect of magneto-electric directional anisotropy. It was made using bowtie cavities, highly non-planar with negligible birefringence in reflection, and ring cavities, slightly non-planar with a significant birefringence in reflection. These cavities are similar to the ones used for the detection of the magneto-electric effect studied in this thesis
Roy, Julien. „Correction et moyennage temps-réel pour mesures interférométriques par peignes de fréquence“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30065/30065.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTruong-Loï, My-Linh. „Potentiels d'un système RSO basse fréquence opérant en polarimétrie compacte“. Rennes 1, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00559529.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this dissertation is to assess the potential of a Synthetic Aperture Radar system operating in compact polarimetry mode at low frequency for polarimetric as well as polarimetry-interferometric applications. The compact polarimetry (CP) mode is a special case of dual polarimetry consisting in a unique polarization in transmission and two orthogonal polarizations in reception. Low frequencies allow applications such as vegetation parameters estimation and inversion of surface parameters. However, in a spatial context at low frequency, the propagation plane is rotated while crossing the ionosphere and this rotation is called the Faraday rotation (FR). A first objective is to deal with the estimation and correction of the FR which relies on the scattering properties of bare surfaces. The selection of the bare surfaces is based on a new parameter, the conformity coefficient, constructed from CP measurements. Once bare surfaces are selected, three methods to estimate the FR are suggested and applications are shown feasible, directly with CP data. Next, the calibration of such a system is suggested
Bourbeau, Hébert Nicolas, und Hébert Nicolas Bourbeau. „High-coherence dual-comb interferometry with free-running lasers“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36903.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa spectroscopie double-peigne est une technique qui consiste à faire interférer deux peignes de fréquences laser légèrement désynchronisés ayant sondé un échantillon afin de retrouver sa signature spectrale avec une haute résolution et à grande vitesse. Cependant, elle requiert deux lasers qui sont mutuellement cohérents, une contrainte qui est habituellement satisfaite par stabilisation active au prix d’une plus grande complexité matérielle. Cette thèse aborde ce problème en présentant des solutions qui permettent l’utilisation de peignes en opération libre, simplifiant ainsi la technique du double-peigne. On démontre d’abord une plateforme laser compacte capable de générer une paire de peignes de fréquences qui sont affectés de manière similaire par les perturbations environnementales. Elle est basée sur une puce de verre dopée à l’erbium contenant plusieurs guides d’ondes inscrits par laser et séparés de quelques centaines de microns. Deux guides adjacents sont pompés simultanément et opérés en régime de synchronisation modale à ∼ 1 GHz dans la bande de 1.5 μm pour fournir une paire de peignes corrélés. Le bruit de fréquence en opération libre de cette source est ensuite caractérisé et on estime un temps de cohérence mutuelle qui dépasse le temps de mesure requis pour obtenir un spectre à haute résolution. Ceci est rendu possible grâce à l’utilisation de lasers qui sont intrinsèquement peu bruités, à l’intégration mécanique de la source, et à l’utilisation d’une grande différence entre les cadences des peignes. On présente aussi deux algorithmes de correction qui, lorsque combinés avec notre source double-peigne, permettent d’étendre artificiellement son temps de cohérence afin d’augmenter le temps de moyennage utile sans sacrifier la résolution spectrale. Ces algorithmes estiment et compensent la phase et le temps d’arrivée des interférogrammes mesurés, et ce sans recourir à aucune mesure externe des fluctuations des peignes. Ils sont d’abord décrits en détail puis leurs limites sont déterminées de façon quantitative à partir des paramètres des peignes et de leur bruit de fréquence relatif, où une grande différence entre les cadences apparaît comme étant la clé d’une correction réussie. Finalement, les performances du spectromètre double-peigne assisté par la correction logicielle sont démontrées en mesurant le spectre de transmission de l’acétylène et du cyanure d’hydrogène avec un échantillonnage spectral de ∼1 GHz. La qualité des mesures est validée par comparaison avec des spectres simulés à partir de données connues.
Dual-comb spectroscopy is a technique where two slightly detuned laser frequency combs are interfered together after probing a sample under study in order to retrieve its spectral signature with a high resolution and at high speed. However, it requires two lasers that are mutually coherent, a constraint that is most often satisfied by active stabilization at the cost of an increased hardware complexity. This thesis tackles this issue by presenting solutions that allow the use of free-running combs, thus simplifying the dual-comb technique. First, we demonstrate a compact laser platform able to generate a pair of frequency combs that are similarly affected by environmental perturbations. It is based on an erbium-doped glass chip containing a number of ultrafast-laser-inscribed waveguides separated by a few hundred microns. Two adjacent waveguides are pumped simultaneously and passively mode-locked at ∼1 GHz in the 1.5 μm band to deliver a pair of correlated frequency combs. The free-running frequency noise of this source is characterized thoroughly and its mutual coherence time is found to exceed the measurement time required to retrieve a high-resolution spectrum. This is made possible by the use of intrinsically low-noise waveguide lasers, by the dual-comb source’s mechanical integration, and by the use of a large repetition rate difference between the combs. We also present two correction algorithms that, when combined with our dual-comb source, allow to artificially extend its coherence time in order to increase the useful averaging time without sacrificing the spectral resolution. These algorithms work by estimating and compensating the phase and timing of the measured interferograms without relying on any external measurement of the combs’ fluctuations. They are first described in detail and their limitations are determined quantitatively in terms of the combs’ parameters and relative frequency noise, where a large repetition rate difference appears to be the key to a successful correction. Finally, the performance of the dual-comb spectrometer assisted by a software correction is demonstrated by measuring the transmission spectrum of acetylene and hydrogen cyanide with a spectral sampling of ∼1 GHz. The quality of the measurements is validated by comparison to spectra simulated from known data.
Dual-comb spectroscopy is a technique where two slightly detuned laser frequency combs are interfered together after probing a sample under study in order to retrieve its spectral signature with a high resolution and at high speed. However, it requires two lasers that are mutually coherent, a constraint that is most often satisfied by active stabilization at the cost of an increased hardware complexity. This thesis tackles this issue by presenting solutions that allow the use of free-running combs, thus simplifying the dual-comb technique. First, we demonstrate a compact laser platform able to generate a pair of frequency combs that are similarly affected by environmental perturbations. It is based on an erbium-doped glass chip containing a number of ultrafast-laser-inscribed waveguides separated by a few hundred microns. Two adjacent waveguides are pumped simultaneously and passively mode-locked at ∼1 GHz in the 1.5 μm band to deliver a pair of correlated frequency combs. The free-running frequency noise of this source is characterized thoroughly and its mutual coherence time is found to exceed the measurement time required to retrieve a high-resolution spectrum. This is made possible by the use of intrinsically low-noise waveguide lasers, by the dual-comb source’s mechanical integration, and by the use of a large repetition rate difference between the combs. We also present two correction algorithms that, when combined with our dual-comb source, allow to artificially extend its coherence time in order to increase the useful averaging time without sacrificing the spectral resolution. These algorithms work by estimating and compensating the phase and timing of the measured interferograms without relying on any external measurement of the combs’ fluctuations. They are first described in detail and their limitations are determined quantitatively in terms of the combs’ parameters and relative frequency noise, where a large repetition rate difference appears to be the key to a successful correction. Finally, the performance of the dual-comb spectrometer assisted by a software correction is demonstrated by measuring the transmission spectrum of acetylene and hydrogen cyanide with a spectral sampling of ∼1 GHz. The quality of the measurements is validated by comparison to spectra simulated from known data.
Dherbecourt, Pascal. „Etude et réalisation d'un générateur d'onde optique modulée en amplitude à très haute fréquence“. Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe originality of this work is to build a source for the generation of an amplitude modulated optical wave up to 275 GHz using heterodyning of two 1550 nm DFB lasers. We carry out a study concerning the lasers spectral width influence on the spectral purity of the signal generated in a fast photodiode. The experimental setup is described, as well as characterization of the two lasers spectral width. Photodiode signal is controled by a radio-frequency spectrum analyser up to 60 GHz. Our laboratory has developed an experimental fusion setup by CO2 laser that enables the realization of numerous fiber optical components. We developed a new approach by characterizing their behavior under a fast variation of the input powwer, so as to get valuable information concerning their high rate bandwidth. Photodiode and optical components bandwidth measurements are presented and discussed
Berthillier, Frédéric. „Développement de la spectroscopie DRASC femtoseconde à sonde à dérive de fréquence pour la thermométrie haute cadence dans les milieux gazeux réactifs“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR24/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe experimental study of the physico-chemical processes of combustion requires the use of non-intrusive diagnostics. This manuscript reports the development of the CARS (Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering)) laser diagnostic in the femtosecond pulse regime for which the Chirped Pulse Probe (CPP) configuration enabled instantaneous measurements of temperature at 1kHz. A theoretical, numerical and experimental study allowed highlighting the possibility to measure temperature from the data processing of instantaneous DRASC spectra acquired in air/argon mixtures (300-600K) and in premixed flame CH4/Air with an accuracy of 1% at 2100 K. Validity of these results was obtained from numerical/experimental confrontations for different scalar parameters configurations. This study would enable in the near future the application of the CPP fs CARS diagnostic in turbulent flames representative of real flows observed in aeronautical combustion
Escalona, Rafaël. „Interférométrie par modulation continue de la fréquence optique d'une diode laser : Étude et réalisation d'un capteur télémétrique à haute résolution“. Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA2024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBondu, François. „L'interféromètre Virgo :propriétés optiques, stabilisation en fréquence du laser“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284986.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJ'ai réalisé l'asservissement en fréquence du laser pour mesurer ces variations de temps de vol. La stabilité relative de fréquence en boucle du laser est de 1e-21 sur 100 ms ; je montre que le système obtenu respecte les spécifications. J'étudie dans le mémoire les propriétés d'un système où les boucles d'asservissements sont imbriquées.
Les cavités optiques résonnantes de l'interféromètre Virgo sont les éléments essentiels de la conversion d'une onde gravitationnelle. J'étudie l'ensemble des propriétés d'un oscillateur Fabry-Perot. Je montre comment elles peuvent être évaluées in situ à partir de mesures des fonctions de transfert utilisées pour leur verrouillage. Les cavités Fabry-Perot sont les oscillateurs de référence. Je fais un état des lieux de l'ensemble des perturbations susceptibles de perturber la stabilité de phase.
Forget, Nicolas. „Des amplificateurs laser aux amplificateurs paramétriques : études de l'amplification paramétrique optique à dérive de fréquence et du blocage de modes dans les oscillateurs paramétriques optiques“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288940.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa première partie de ce mémoire est consacrée à un rappel de la physique du mélange à trois ondes dans les cristaux massifs, suivi d'une interprétation géométrique des solutions obtenues en ondes planes.
La seconde partie est consacrée à l'étude expérimentale des performances de l'amplification paramétrique optique à dérive de fréquence (OPCPA) à 1054 nm..
Deux préamplificateurs OPCPA présentant des gains supérieurs à 106, l'un à base de cristaux massifs de BBO, l'autre à base de PPLN, sont étudiés et comparés expérimentalement. La question du contraste temporel des impulsions amplifiées par OPCPA – question centrale pour les sources ultra-intenses – fait l'objet d'études théoriques et expérimentales spécifiques. Le contraste de plusieurs sources OPCPA sont comparés et ses diverses composantes (fluorescence paramétrique, bruit d'amplitude sur l'impulsion de pompe) sont identifiées et quantifiées.
La dernière partie du travail de thèse porte sur la possibilité de réaliser un oscillateur paramétrique optique à modes bloqués (ML-OPO) à partir d'une source de pompe continue. Ce travail comporte également un volet théorique et un volet expérimental : une étude théorique systématique des ML-OPO (simplement et doublement résonnants) et la première démonstration expérimentale d'un ML-OPO quasi-continu et doublement résonnant à 1 micron.
Mannino, Christian. „Architecture configurable d'une boucle à verrouillage de phase totalement numérique : application à la mesure de gigue et de la dérive en fréquence en télévision numérique“. Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0171_MANNINO.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn digital television, the information are transmitted in asynchronous mode within frames. Frequency dispersions or the jitter of the transmitted signal can have a significant effect on reception quality. The work of the thesis presented relates to the study and the characterization of an All-Digital Phase Locked Loop (ADPLL) associated to a set of measurement functions of dispersions and jitter. The designed ADPLL allows the clock recovery by synchronisation on time stamps. The implementation is made possible thanks to the use of an original frequency synthesizer based on a technique of delaying or advancing the phase. The solution is used in a measurement system of jitter, frequency error and drift parameters for the quality of service evaluation in digital terrestrial television (DVB-T). The system is optimised in term of resources to measure the parameters of each program of a DVB-T stream
Fayon, Lucile. „Instrumentation sismologique spatiale : Fonction de transfert du sismomètre 6 axes InSight et développement d'un capteur de déplacement picométrique par interférométrie“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC099/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe understanding of the Solar System formation and its evolution is deeply connected to the knowledge on the planet interior structures. In situ studies with seismometers are therefore crucial to probe the internal structure (distribution and thickness of layers) and composition of the telluric planets. Indeed, SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure) will land on Mars in 2018 (NASA InSight mission). Both types of sensors of the SEIS instrument, the VBB (Very Broad Band) and SP (Short Period), are mounted on the LVL (a mechanical levelling system) for which the purpose is twofold: ensure a level placement of the sensors on the Martian ground under yet unknown local conditions and provide the mechanical coupling of the seismometers to the ground. In this thesis, we developed a simplified analytical model of the LVL structure in order to reproduce its mechanical behaviour by predicting its resonances and transfer function. This model will allow to estimate the LVL effect on the VBB and SP data recorded on Mars. It is first implemented numerically and its validation is then guaranteed thanks to the observation of a lot of similarities between our results and those of the laboratory experiments with the LVL flight model. These comparisons prove the model fidelity with reality. After some simulations, we noticed a clear influence of the mechanical coupling between the LVL feet and the ground in the resonances found. For this reason, an inversion study has been realized in order to study if this model could allow to estimate the ground properties of the InSight site. Another work consists in modeling the 3 VBB sensors and the 3 SP sensors on the LVL and to observe the response of the global SEIS instrument in translation and rotation. Indeed, some rotation effects at short period can disturb the seismic measurements. This study can also allows to estimate the performances of SEIS, especially in rotation that can be one important information to recover the phase velocity of the surface seismic waves, highly dependent of the ground composition. This can be realized on Mars with an active seismic experiment thanks to the other main instrument of InSight mission: HP3. Today, new projects are also considered for a seismic return on the Moon. Indeed, the Apollo seismometers had a good resolution in ground displacement but were however unable to detect the Lunar ground seismic noise, named "meteoritic hum". This noise is possibly due to the continuous fall of micro-meteorites and its amplitude has been estimated to be about 1/100 of the resolution of the Apollo sensors at a certain frequency. Core seismic phases, although detected through stacking, have not also been individually recorded. A new generation of broadband seismometers, 100 to 1000 times more sensitive than the Apollo ones are therefore requested in order to reach the lunar seismic noise floor. This sensitivity will allow to take benefit of all the seismic waves generated by the Moon seismic activity. The core of such seismometer will be the proof mass displacement sensors, with extreme improvement in performances, linearity and noise level. During this thesis, we developed an optical readout prototype, based on the use of gravitational waves detectorsÕ technology which is the reference in term of interferometric measurements at low frequency and very low noise levels. This prototype is based on the "Pound-Drever-Hall" laser frequency stabilization technique. The objective is to improve the sensitivity by 2 orders of magnitude compared to the current seismometers performances
Marinier, Guillaume. „Contribution à l’étude de microstructures passives de type SiO2 –Au ,[Silicium-Or] : détermination de fréquences de résonance par caractérisation dynamique“. Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn spite of their reduced dimensions, microsystems generally play the main roles even sometimes critical within the devices which employ them : their design and their realisation imply the knowledge of the mechanical properties of materials used. Indeed, the intrinsic properties of these materials have a major influence on the realisation of MEMS, and the control of it mechanical constraints generated within these devices becomes thus essential. The work presented in this thesis develops and increases knowledge and reliability of microsystems by the study of mechanical and dynamic behavior of passive microstructures. To this aim, residual stresses focused our interest and particularly Young's modulus by the determination of resonant frequencies. In the first chapter, we present the principal techniques of microstructures manufacture and the defects they are dependent of. Then we propose the setting in inflection of SiO2-Au microcantilever, before determining their resonant frequencies with the theory. We propose in the second time and through distinct chapters, two contacless and optical techniques for dynamic characterization. The first is an original method which uses a Michelson interferometer and which offers interesting results : various frequency spectra from our samples of microcantilevers. The second characterization techniques uses the principle of the optical vibrometer. After a presentation of this instrument, we expose the components of this system under development within our laboratory. Our choices tend to improve this experimental device to a miniaturization, with the aim to carry out thereafter tests under controlled environments
Tria, Mohamed. „Imagerie Radar à Synthèse d'Ouverture (RSO) Par Analyse En Ondelettes Continues Multidimensionnelles“. Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis work was about the " Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging by using the multidimensional continuous wavelet analysis ". This work consisted in establishing time-frequency methods in the SAR domain. The principle of the SAR imaging consists in irradiating a ground zone with electromagnetic waves emitted by the radar antenna. This zone contains several reflectors belonging to one or several targets. While the airborne is moving on its flight path, the antenna emits periodically impulses which reach the whole targets located on the irradiated zone. A non-negligible part of each impulse is reflected by the target and received by the radar. The whole collected data will be used to form a high resolution image of the illuminated zone thanks to an algorithm of image reconstruction. The classical imaging methods assume that the reflectors are isotropic (they behaves the same way regardless the aspect under wich they are viewed) and white (they have the same properties within the emitted bandwidth). Unfortunately, new capacities in SAR imaging (large bandwidth, large angular excursions of analysis) makes these assumptions obsolete. The purpose of the thesis work consisted in developing a time-frequency method based on the use of continuous wavelets allowing to highlight the anisotropic and coloration effects of the irradiated points. This kind of analysis is based on the concept of hyperimage which allows to associate to each pixel an energetic response which is a function of the aspect and the frequency. The algorithm allowing to implant the continuous wavelet transform is based on the Fourier transform. Hence, this algorithm is not expensive in terms of time calculation by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). .
Quessada-Vial, Audrey. „Développement d'une horloge optique à atomes de strontium piégés : réalisation d'un laser ultra-stable et stabilité de fréquence“. Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLehmann, Lucien. „Apport des structures ridge pour la détection et l’interférométrie à conversion de fréquence MIR en régime de comptage de photons“. Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0069/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLow flux detection in the mid infrared (MIR) is strongly penalized by thermal radiation from the environment. The main solution to this problem is to cryogenize as much of the detection chain as possible.This method is reaching its limits for some applications, including high-resolution imaging in astronomy using interferometric methods. An alternative solution is to use the non-linear process of sum frequency generation to convert this mid infrared radiation to wave length domains where detectors are no longer limited by the radiation from environment and operate efficiently in photon counting regime.The work over these three years is part of more than a decade of research into up-conversion detection and interferometry. It is the expansion of the these works of L. Szemendera and P. Darré. The first one laid the fondation of the up-conversion interferometry in the MIR and the second one demonstrated the possibility of using this technique on the sky at 1550 nm by benefiting from the ridge waveguide technology.Thus, this thesis constitutes the fruitful junction of these earlier works, made possible by a collaboration with the Femto-ST Institute. The use of their PPLN ridge waveguides has enabled us to place ourselves at the state of the art for up-conversion detection in the MIR (3,5 μm) with experimental demonstrations both in the laboratory and on the sky (C2PU). Integrated into a up-conversion interferometer at these same wave lengths, it has also significantly improved the performance and repeatability of this technique,in particular in the case of a spectrally broadband source. At the same time, our collaboration with the CHARA telescope array gave us the opportunity to study the problems raised by a future implementation of the instrument on this site
Jan, Gwénaële. „Etude de la réponse des couches de la surface océanique aux forçages atmosphériques avec un modèle à haute résolution verticale“. Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066552.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTruong-Loi, My-Linh. „Potentiels d'un système RSO basse fréquence opérant en polarimétrie compacte“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559529.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElyaakoubi, Mustapha. „Diagnostics et modélisation d'un plasma basse pression gaz rares-fluor excité à 13.56 MHz“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420859.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuessada-Vial, Audrey. „Developpement d'une horloge à atomes de strontium piégés : Réalisation d'un laser ultra-stable et stabilité de fréquence“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSimon, Claire-Marie. „Contrôle optique de l'exciton dans des boîtes quantiques individuelles“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00707530.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYu, Wenhui. „Mesure de distance absolue utilisant l'interférométrie à balayage de longueur d'onde étalonnée par un peigne de fréquences“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we implemented a high-precision absolute distance measurement (ADM) system using frequency sweeping interferometry (FSI). The FSI technique requires the frequency tuning range of the swept laser to be measured with high accuracy and precision, which is challenging due to the lack of an easy way to measure the high frequency of a laser in real time. In this thesis, a frequency comb has been used as the light frequency ruler for measuring the frequency tuning range of the sweeping laser. A frequency comb formed by a femtosecond laser consists millions of evenly spaced comb lines so that can be regarded as a light frequency ruler. The frequency calibration was realized by filtering the heterodyne signal between the sweeping laser and the comb lines using a narrow bandpass filter. This approach allows us to detect the calibration signal when the frequency of the sweeping laser is in the vicinity of a comb line. As the frequency interval between the comb lines space can be precisely measured or actively phase-locked against a stable radio-frequency (RF) oscillator, the tuning range of the sweeping laser could be measured with high accuracy. Especially, each two calibration peaks can be used in the calculation of distance, which we call sub-measurements in a single sweeping. Combined with the large number of the comb lines, averaging of the sub-measurements improves greatly the measurement precision without multiple sweeping. In the thesis, the condition of detecting and the characteristics of the heterodyne signal between the sweeping laser and the comb line are presented. A filter design for filtering the heterodyne signal is performed. A modeling work concerning the effect of the phase noise of lasers on the envelope distortion of the calibration peak has been presented. Experimental works based on the measurement concepts have been carried out. It shows that using the proposed measurement scheme can greatly improve the distance measurement precision. In one of the measurements, a precision of 30 nm for a distance around 0.8 m, corresponding to 37 ppb (part-per-billion) relative uncertainty has been achieved. The result was obtained based on a fringe counting signal processing method. The high precision was obtained thanks to the large number of sub-measurements and the stability of the evenly spaced comb lines. We have found that vibration measurement of the target can be also performed taking the advantage of the dense comb lines. A high sensitivity, limited by 1.7 nm noise RMS, of vibration measurement has been achieved. This result allows us to monitor the vibration of the target, which is an important issue of FSI technique
Anghel, Andrei. „Analyse temps-frequence et traitement des signaux RSO à haute résolution spatiale pour la surveillance des grands ouvrages d'art“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT107/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis is composed of two research axis. The first one consists in proposing time-frequency signal processing tools for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars used for displacements measurements, while the second one consists in designing a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal processing methodology for infrastructure monitoring when an external point cloud of the envisaged structure is available. In the first part of the thesis, we propose our solutions to the nonlinearity problem of an X-band FMCW radar designed for millimetric displacement measurements of short-range targets. The nonlinear tuning curve of the voltage controlled oscillator from the transceiver can cause a dramatic resolution degradation for wideband sweeps. To mitigate this shortcoming, we have developed two time warping-based methods adapted to wideband nonlinearities: one estimates the nonlinear terms using the high order ambiguity function, while the other is an autofocus approach which exploits the spectral concentration of the beat signal. Onwards, as the core of the thesis, we propose a novel method for scattering centers detection and tracking in spaceborne SAR images adapted to infrastructure monitoring applications. The method is based on refocusing each SAR image on a provided 3D point cloud of the envisaged infrastructure and identifying the reliable scatterers to be monitored by means of four dimensional (4D) tomography. The refocusing algorithm is compatible with stripmap, spotlight and sliding spotlight SAR images and consists of an azimuth defocusing followed by a modified back-projection algorithm on the given set of points which exploits the time-frequency structure of the defocused azimuth signal. The scattering centers of the refocused image are detected in the 4D tomography framework by testing if the main response is at zero elevation in the local elevation-velocity spectral distribution. The mean displacement velocity is estimated from the peak response on the zero elevation axis, while the displacements time series for detected single scatterers is computed as double phase difference of complex amplitudes.Finally, we present the measurement campaigns carried out on the Puylaurent water-dam and the Chastel landslide using GPS measurements, topographic surveys and laser scans to generate the point clouds of the two structures. The comparison between in-situ data and the results obtained by combining TerraSAR-X data with the generated point clouds validate the developed SAR signal processing chain
Teza cuprinde două axe principale de cercetare. Prima axă abordează aspecte metodologice de prelucraretimp-frecvenţă a semnalelor furnizate de radare cu emisie continuă şi modulaţie de frecvenţă (FMCW)în contextul măsurării deplasărilor milimetrice. În cadrul celei de-a doua axe, este proiectată şi validatăo metodă de prelucrare a imaginilor satelitare SAR (radar cu apertură sintetică) ce este destinatămonitorizării infrastructurii critice şi care se bazează pe existenţa unui model 3D al structurii respective.În prima parte a tezei, sunt investigate soluţii de corecţie a neliniarităţii unui radar FMCW în bandaX destinat măsurării deplasărilor milimetrice. Caracteristica de comandă neliniară a oscilatorului debandă largă determină o degradare a rezoluţiei în distanţă. Pentru a rezolva acest inconvenient, au fostelaborate două metode de corecţie a neliniarităţii, adaptate pentru semnale de bandă largă, ce se bazeazăpe conceptul de reeşantionare neuniformă sau deformare a axei temporare. Prima abordare estimeazăparametrii neliniarităţii utilizând funcţii de ambiguitate de ordin superior, iar cea de-a doua exploateazăo măsură de concentraţie spectrală a semnalului de bătăi într-un algoritm de autofocalizare în distanţă.În a doua parte a lucrării, este propusă o metodologie generală de detecţie şi monitorizare a centrilorde împrăştiere în imagini SAR în scopul monitorizării elementelor de infrastructură critică. Metoda sebazează pe refocalizarea fiecărei imagini radar pe un model 3D al structurii investigate în scopul identificăriicentrilor de împrăştiere pertinenţi (ţinte fiabile ce pot fi monitorizate în timp) cu ajutorul tomografiei SAR4D (distanţă-azimut-elevaţie-viteză de deplasare). Algoritmul de refocalizare este compatibil cu imaginiSAR achiziţionate în moduri diferite (« stripmap », « spotlight » şi « sliding spotlight ») şi constă într-odefocalizare în azimut urmată de o retroproiecţie modificată (condiţionată de structura timp-frecvenţă asemnalului) pe modelul 3D al structurii. Ţintele sunt identificate în stiva de imagini refocalizate cu ajutorultomografiei 4D prin efectuarea unui test de conformitate cu ipoteza că centrii de împrăştiere pertinenţivor avea elevaţie zero în planul local elevaţie-viteză. Viteza medie de deformare corespunde maximuluide pe axa de elevaţie nulă, iar seria temporară a deplasărilor se obţine printr-o dublă diferenţă de fază aamplitudinilor complexe corespunzătoare ţintelor identificate.În final sunt prezentate campaniile de măsurători pe teren efectuate la un baraj şi o alunecare de terendin regiunea Puylaurent (Franţa) destinate obţinerii modelului 3D al celor două elemente de infrastructurăprin măsurători GPS, topografice şi LIDAR. Comparaţia între deformările măsurate pe teren şi rezultateleobţinute prin combinarea imaginilor SAR cu modelele 3D au permis validarea metodologiei propuse
Planchon, Thomas. „Modélisation des processus liés à l'amplification et à la propagation d'impulsions étirées dans des chaînes laser de très haute densité“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPXX0034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVieille, Thibault. „Applications des impulsions femtosecondes infrarouges : façonnage programmable et spectroscopie bidimensionnelle“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01077034/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMid-infrared femtosecond lasers have recently provided a new tool to study complex ultrafast dynamics, especially in biological systems such as hemeproteins. Using these lasers, two kind of powerful experiments can be planned. The first type contains optimal control experiments, in which the principle is to find the optimal shape of a pulse in order to reach one desired final state. This approach requires a way to produce an arbitrary shape of pulses, so in a first part we have worked on a new kind of linear programmable acousto-optic pulse-shaper called Mid-infrared Dazzler, which is produced by the company FASLITE. For this sake, we have implemented a new method to measure weak mid-infrared pulses with complex shapes, based on the homodyne detection of a replica of the mid-infrared field into the visible domain. Then, we have produced and measured shaped pulses which exhibit complex shapes like pi-steps in the spectral phase. This demonstrates the ability of the Dazzler to be used in optimal control experiments with hemeproteins. The second type of experiments contain the multidimensional coherent spectroscopy experiments, which are powerful tools to probe ultrafast dynamics since the principle is to measure the complete non-linear response function, which permits to disentangle the different microscopic informations. We have finalized the building of an innovative two-dimensional spectrometer, which exhibits a simple geometry, an excellent spectral resolution in both axes, an iterative and very precise self-calibration method, and a simple and efficient trick to remove the signal from scattering. Our first measurements of the Frequency-frequency correlation function of the CO vibration bound to Hemoglobin shows a promising agreement with recent progress in the modelization of ultrafast fluctuations
Alauze, Xavier. „Optimisation d'un capteur de force à atomes ultrafroids piégés dans un réseau optique“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS215.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of the ForCa-G project (for Casimir-Polder Force and Gravitation) is to measure short range forces between an atom and a macroscopic surface. Our force sensor involves 87Rb atoms trapped in a vertical optical lattice where two-photon Raman transitions allow to create a coherent superposition of spatially separated states and thus realize an atom interferometer to measure the variation of the potential in the vertical direction. Given the high position dependence of atom-surface interaction forces, a very high spatial resolution of the sensor is required. A micrometric spatial resolution of the force measurement is achieved by reducing the size of the atomic source using evaporative cooling. The relative sensitivity, obtained for the measurement of the gravitational force, of 5 x 10-6 at 1 s, which averages down to 8 x 10-8 in 1 h, is at the state of the art for such a spatial resolution. Improving this resolution implies an increase in atomic density. A study of atomic interactions is then carried out in the particular configuration of our trapped atom interferometer where we have a coherent control over the wavepackets overlap. In order to improve the spatial resolution further, we will select a single eigenstate of the system. For that, we lift the degeneracy of the energy increment between adjacent wells using a super-lattice
Pham, Toan Thang. „Advances in opto-electronic oscillator operation for sensing and component characterization“. Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) was first introduced in 1996 by S. Yao and L. Maleki as a very low phase noise microwave oscillator working in direct synthesis. The OEO developments concern applications in microwave photonics, optical telecommunication, radar and high speed signal processing systems but it should also be used in the sensing domain. In this thesis, we study several aspects to apply the OEO to liquid refractive index measurement. Because of its structure the OEO is very dependent on the ambient conditions. If the OEO is not optimized and controlled, it cannot operate well for long duration. We have analyzed the influences of temperature on the electrooptic modulator (EOM) and the global OEO behavior. Temperature control can significantly reduce the drift phenomena of the EOM. In order to totally remove this drift, we have developed a complete digital system, based on a DSP kit, to detect and compensate automatically the EOM optical bias point drift and to control simultaneously its temperature. The first technique is based on a dither signal at low frequency, injected to DC electrode of the EOM. The second one is based on the average optical output power of the EOM. A combination of these two techniques can take advantages from both of them. Using like that the OEO, we have tested several configurations to measure the refractive index of four classical chemical solutions leading to a standard deviation of 3 per thousand. The results are in rather good agreement with previous publications. Finally, we have introduced a new method to improve the long-term refractive index measurement by monitoring, with a vector network analyzer, the variations of the optical delay in the fiber loop of the OEO. Introducing by this way a correction to the long-term frequency measurement it is possible to reduce the oscillation frequency fluctuations to only 606 Hz, compared to the 8 GHz of the oscillator, for a duration of 62 hours. Therefore the signal-to-noise ratio in the refractive index measurement can be enhanced and so the detection resolution of the refractive index variations during time
Zambo, Abou'ou Marcelle Nina. „Instabilité modulationnelle et concept de réservoir de photons dans les fibres optiques à très forte non linéarité“. Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS045/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis considers modulational instability (MI) in optical fibers that have both a strong non-linearity and strong absorption coefficient. We carry out a comparative analysis of the performance of several major classes of silica- and non-silica glass fibers, on their ability to generate MI sidebands with a minimum of pump power, and over the shortest distance possible. Chalcogenide glass fibers appear at first sight as being the most competitive, but a careful examination reveals that their spectra are altered by a phenomenon of frequency drift of the MI sidebands, caused by a strong depletion of the pump. We have then developed a method which allows to suppress frequency drifts in MI processes in fibers having strong absorption parameters. The fundamental idea of this method, that we called "the photon reservoir method", is to create in the fiber, by an appropriate adjustment of the second-order and fourthorder dispersion coefficients, a photon reservoir which supplies (in situ) the MI process by continually providing the equivalent of the amount of photons destroyed by absorption during the propagation. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of the method of photon reservoir on MI processes, in scalarand vector configurations, using glass fibers endowed with extremely high nonlinear parameters. This method constitutes a decisive step forward in the development of highly competitive devices for optical frequency generation
Monmayrant, Antoine. „Façonnage et caractérisation d'impulsions ultracourtes : contrôle cohérent de systèmes simples“. Toulouse 3, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289515.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWeber, Sébastien. „Façonnage d'impulsions femtosecondes dans l'ultraviolet. Factorisation de grands nombres. Contrôle cohérent de systèmes atomiques et moléculaires“. Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511903.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaghraoui, Ahmed. „Génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé pour l'étude de la dynamique des charges et de l'aimantation de films de cobalt“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this thesis is to develop an harmonic source to cover the energy range of 50-70 eV of the electromagnetic spectrum by high harmonic generation in a rare gas. This source called "tabletop" is obtained from a femtosecond laser system based on the chirped pulse amplification technique. Such source allows probing the magnetization dynamics at the M-edges of transition metals. The interest to probe the magnetization dynamics with X-rays is the chemical selectivity on the elements. This, one can probe the spin dynamics of the chemical element which are responsible for magnetism. For example, in a system containing several elements, one can reach the magnetic properties of each one of its components by adjusting the photon energy to the absorption edge of the element
Tajalli, Ayhan. „Génération et caractérisation d'impulsions façonnées - Application au contrôle spatio-temporel de la lumière diffusée“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850165.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZamith, Sebastien. „Dynamique femtoseconde dans des atomes et molécules - PRÉCESSION DE SPIN ET DYNAMIQUE DE PHOTOÉLECTRONS - TRANSITOIRES COHÉRENTS - DYNAMIQUE DES ÉTATS EXCITÉS DE L'ACÉTYLÈNE“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001209.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVanderbruggen, Thomas. „Détection non-destructive pour l’interférométrie atomique et Condensation de Bose-Einstein dans une cavité optique de haute finesse“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we study several methods to improve atom interferometers. In the first part of the manuscript, we analyze how a nondestructive detection, that preserves the coherence between the internal degrees of freedom in an atomic ensemble, can be used to increase the sensitivity of interferometers. We first theoretically show how the projection of the wave-function induced by the measurement prepares spin-squeezed states. We then present the implementation of this method with a detection based on the frequency modulation spectroscopy. Finally, some first applications are described, more explicitly we show how to implement a quantum feedback that preserve the atomic state against the decoherence induced by a random collective flip, we also introduce a phase-locked loop where the atomic sample is used as the phase reference. In the second part of the manuscript, we present the all-optical realization of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a high-finesse cavity using a laser system based on standard telecoms technologies. We first describe the resonator and the frequency lock of the laser on the resonance, in particular, we introduce a new stabilization method based of the serrodyne modulation. Finally, we show how the condensate is obtained from the evaporation in the cavity mode
Vanderbruggen, Thomas. „Détection non-destructive pour l'interférométrie atomique et Condensation de Bose-Einstein dans une cavité optique de haute finesse“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702905.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMonmayrant, Antoine. „FAÇONNAGE ET CARACTÉRISATION D'IMPULSIONS ULTRACOURTES.CONTRÔLE COHÉRENT DE SYSTÈMES SIMPLES“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289515.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans un premier temps, nous présentons la conception et la fabrication d'un façonneur haute résolution pour des impulsions infrarouges. Nous détaillerons les étapes de réalisation de ce dernier ainsi que ses caractéristiques novatrices. Enfin, les limitations de ce dispositif ainsi que les résultats obtenus seront présentés et discutés. Dans un deuxième temps, nous utilisons ce façonneur dans des expériences de contrôle cohérent sur l'atome de rubidium. Ces expériences reposent sur le contrôle du comportement transitoire d'un atome lors de son interaction avec une impulsion résonnante. Nous rappellerons tout d'abord l'origine de ce comportement transitoire, appelé transitoire cohérent, ainsi que sa première mise en évidence expérimentale. Nous présenterons aussi différentes expériences visant à manipuler ce transitoire cohérent en modifiant la forme des impulsions interagissant avec l'atome. Puis, nous verrons comment manipuler différents transitoires cohérents pour reconstruire la fonction d'onde atomique transitoire. Cette technique dite de spirographe atomique a permis la reconstruction de la fonction d'onde de l'atome soumis à différentes impulsions de contrôle. Nous présenterons ces reconstructions et discuterons de leur domaine de validité ainsi que de leur lien avec d'autres techniques de mesure de fonctions d'onde. Nous présenterons ensuite une technique de caractérisation complète d'impulsions ultra-courtes directement dérivée du spirographe atomique. Cette caractérisation par transitoires cohérents permet de mesurer l'impulsion (les impulsions en fait) interagissant avec l'atome. Elle présente des caractéristiques assez inhabituelles que nous détaillerons. Nous présenterons les différentes mesures expérimentales réalisées et discuterons des perspectives qu'ouvre cette technique de mesure.
Delagnes, Jean-Christophe. „CONTROLE DE LA PROPAGATION D'IMPULSIONS ULTRACOURTES. EFFETS DE DELACEMENTS LUMINEUX“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00080477.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelledes phénomènes de propagation cohérente d'impulsions ultracourtes
dans un milieu résonant optiquement dense. Dans une première partie,
nous décrivons les phénomènes élémentaires des effets de
propagation. L'épaisseur optique caractérise l'importance de la
distorsion temporelle qui apparaît en général sur l'impulsion. A
l'image des compensateurs à prismes ou à réseaux utilisés pour
compenser la dispersion d'un milieu transparent, on montre que cette
dispersion résonante peut être compensée par l'utilisation d'un
façonneur d'impulsion haute résolution. Dans un second temps, nous
développons l'idée de contrôler par un champ fort, les propriétés
transitoires d'une autre impulsion faible et résonante qui se
propage simultanément dans le milieu. Le champ fort induit des
modifications transitoires dans le milieu, qui se répercutent et
modifient par rayonnement le champ de l'impulsion résonante qui se
propage. Dans un système à trois niveaux en échelle, des modulations
visibles sur le profil temporel, révèlent les déplacements lumineux
induits de manière non résonante sur les deux états excités. Leur
durée caractéristique est plus courte que celle de l'impulsion
initiale : il y a un enrichissement du spectre transmis. Ces
oscillations résultent du battement entre le champ incident et le
champ rayonné dont la fréquence varie sous l'effet des déplacements
lumineux. L'excitation "bichromatique" d'un système à deux niveaux,
présente deux configurations géométriques qui donnent accès à des
informations différentes. En plus des phénomènes précédents qui
apparaissent en configuration non colinéaire, les effets des
transitions non adiabatiques induites par le champ de contrôle se
manifestent également dans le cas colinéaire. Le champ faible est
alors une sonde particulièrement sensible à ces effets. Nous
étudions enfin une configuration où les deux impulsions, polarisées
orthogonalement, excitent de manière résonante un système à quatre
niveaux dégénérés deux à deux. Puisque le champ fort mélange les
états, les chemins d'émission et d'absorption du champ faible ont
des poids équivalents. Ces deux chemins interfèrent modulant ainsi
l'énergie de l'impulsion transmise. La combinaison des déplacements
lumineux et de ces interférences, permet de contrôler aussi bien le
gain que la forme temporelle de l'impulsion.
Planchon, Thomas. „Modélisation des processus liés à l'amplification et à la propagation d'impulsions étirées dans des chaînes laser de très haute intensité“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005388.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNous présentons les modèles utilisés, qui prennent en compte la propagation, les effets non linéaires et les effets thermiques se produisant dans les chaînes laser basées sur le principe de l'amplification à dérive de fréquence. Une validation expérimentale de ces modèles a permis de souligner l'importance des aspects spatiaux du laser pour modéliser finement le processus d'amplification.
Nous avons également étudié l'importance, durant la propagation, des aspects spatiaux avec des calculs de propagation après un miroir déformable et montré toutes les précautions nécessaires pour l'utilisation d'une boucle d'optique adaptative. Cette boucle d'optique adaptative est utilisée maintenant de manière journalière pour garantir la qualité de la tache focale du laser 100 TW du LOA.
Nous avons réalisé des études sur les effets spatio-temporels créés dans les systèmes de lentilles. Le retard local et l'élargissement de la durée globale, dus au temps de propagation (PTD) dans un système de lentilles, ont été mesurés. Cette mesure directe de l'élargissement global de la durée temporelle est la première à notre connaissance.
Enfin, le futur laser Pétawatt (LUIRE) du LOA a été dimensionné avec les modèles validés précédemment. Nous pouvons atteindre le régime Pétawatt (30 J, 30 fs) avec un amplificateur multipassage supplémentaire dont les caractéristiques sont présentées.
Labaye, François. „Amplification passive d'un laser à fibre optique dans une cavité Fabry-Perot : application à la production de rayonnement gamma par diffusion Compton inverse“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00837822.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHmima, Abdelhamid. „Dynamique non-linéaire dans les oscillateurs optoélectroniques micro-ondes“. Université de Franche-comté. UFR des sciences et techniques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is part of the effort undertaken in order to improve the performance of optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) with delay line optical _ber. This OEO was recently introduced and rapidly gained a great interest for several research laboratories in the world. This is due to its great spectral purity which is required for micro-wave radars and geolocalisation systems. We studied the standard architecture using optical _ber delay line in order to deal with the speci_cs of the OEO at time-frequency and optics domain interface. Frequency stability levels achieved by the OEO are interesting. Therefore we explored the potential of a new architecture of OEO that takes advantage on nonlinear dynamics. Indeed this architecture can deliver in addition of the microwave signal, optical pulses with very short duration and low time jitter. This is made possible by the spectral properties of the OEO and the by introducing temporal compression and optical regeneration techniques. These pulses operate at telecommunications wavelengths, particularly at 1:55 _m. This type of OEO with optical compression can be dedicated to Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) systems. We have experimentally determined a spectral purity, respectively, -60 and -140 dBc/Hz at 101 and 2_104 Hz from 10 GHz carrier. The optical pulses generated at 10 GHz repetition rate have 4. 1 ps durations with a time jitter of 2. 7 and 83 fs respectively in the ranges [1 to 10 kHz] and [10 Hz to 100 kHz]. This work opens the way to the use of other nonlinear phenomena to improve the spectral purity of microwave oscillators
Ramirez, Lourdes Patricia. „Few-cycle OPCPA laser chain“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806245.
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