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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Interférences de radiofréquence“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Interférences de radiofréquence"
Mhiri, Yassine. „Contributions aux méthodes de calibration et d'imagerie pour les radio-interféromètres en présence d'interférences“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRadio-interferometers enable the reconstruction of images of radio emissions originating from celestial sources. These images are of great interest to radio astronomers and astrophysicists as they provide information about the underlying physical phenomena in the universe. To achieve this, an initial calibration step is necessary to estimate and correct pertubating effects, particularly those related to the instrument and the propagation of the signal of interest through the atmosphere. Subsequently, imaging algorithms are implemented to reconstruct a sky image. However, the combination of the increasing use of radio frequencies in various human activities and the high sensitivity of the antennas requires the development of robust treatments to address the presence of radio frequency interference (RFI). Several methods exist to detect and filter these interfering signals. Nevertheless, detecting low and moderate power interference sources remains challenging using such methods. The objective of this research is to propose signal processing algorithms for radio astronomy that are resilient to the presence of interfering sources in the data. This work will be conducted with a constant focus on statistical performance and computational efficiency in high-dimensional settings.Firstly, in the context of calibration, we demonstrate that interferences can be modeled as a low-rank noise. This modeling approach has allowed us to develop an innovative multifrequency calibration algorithm based on a variant of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. By carefully selecting a latent data space, we obtained analytical expressions at each iteration to limit the required computational burden. The performed simulations have shown the superior precision of the proposed solutions compared to the state-of-the-art methods in the presence of RFI. Subsequently, we propose a statistical data model that accounts for the impact of interfering sources in the imaging context. To do so, we rely on the class of compound Gaussian distributions. Thus, we have been able to propose a regularized maximum likelihood algorithm (EM like) in the presence of interference. However, all the proposed algorithms for solving the maximization step of the EM algorithm involve a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), the computational load of which is linked to the expensive implementation of a DFT on a high-dimensional visibility vector. To accelerate this step by employing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), we introduced a synthetic noise to account for the approximation of a non-uniform grid DFT by an FFT. This led us to develop an original set of latent variables to improve its computational efficiency. As expected, the proposed imaging algorithms allow for improved reconstruction compared to state-of-the-art algorithms in the presence of RFI, while maintaining controlled computational complexity
Soldo, Yan. „Optimisation de la reconstruction d'image pour SMOS et SMOS-NEXT“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2120/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite was launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) in November 2009 to allow a better understanding of Earth's climate, the water cycle and the availability of water resources at the global scale, by providing global maps of soil moisture and ocean salinity. SMOS' payload, an interferometric radiometer, measures Earth's natural radiation in the protected 1400-1427 MHz band (microwave, L-band). However, since launch the presence of numerous Radio-Frequency Interferences (RFI) has been clearly observed, despite the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendations to preserve this band for scientific use. The pollution created by these artificial signals leads to a significant loss of data and a common effort of ESA and the national authorities is necessary in order to identify and switch off the emitters. From a scientific point of view we focus on the development of algorithms for the detection of RFI, their localization on the ground and the mitigation of the signals they introduce to the SMOS data. These objectives have led to different approaches that are proposed in this contribution. The ideal solution would consist in mitigating the interference signals by creating synthetic signals corresponding to the interferences and subtract them from the actual measurements. For this purpose, an algorithm was developed which makes use of a priori information on the natural scene provided by meteorological models. Accounting for this information, it is possible to retrieve an accurate description of the RFI from the visibilities between antennas, and therefore create the corresponding signal. Even though assessing the performances of a mitigation algorithm for SMOS is not straightforward as it has to be done indirectly, different methods are proposed and they all show a general improvement of the data for this particular algorithm. Nevertheless due to the complexity of assessing the performances at the global scale, and the uncertainty inevitably introduced along with the synthetic signal, and to avoid a naive use of the mitigated data by the end user, for the time being an operational implementation of mitigation algorithms is not foreseen. Instead, an intermediate solution is proposed which consists of estimating the RFI contamination for a given snapshot, and then creating a map of the regions that are contaminated to less than a certain (or several) threshold(s). Another goal has been to allow the characterization of RFI (location on the ground, power emitted, position in the field of view) within a specified geographic zone in a short time. This approach uses the Fourier components of the observed scene to evaluate the brightness temperature spatial distribution in which the RFIs are represented as "hot spots". This algorithm has proven reliable, robust and precise, so that it can be used for the creation of RFI databases and monitoring of the RFI contamination at the local and global scale. Such databases were in fact created and used to highlight systematic errors of the instrument and seasonal variation of the localization results. The second main research topic has been to investigate the principle of SMOS-NEXT, a prospective mission that aims at assuring the continuity of space-borne soil moisture and ocean salinity measurements in the future with significantly improved spatial resolution of the retrievals. In order to achieve the latter this project intends to implement a groundbreaking interferometric approach called the spatio-temporal aperture synthesis. This technique consists in correlating the signals received at antennas in different places at different times, within the coherence limits imposed by the bandwidth. To prove the feasibility of this technique, a measurement campaign was carried out at the radio-telescope in Nançay, France. Even though the analysis of the experimental data has not allowed concluding on the validity of the measurement principle, a series of difficulties have been highlighted and the thus gained knowledge constitutes a valuable base for the foreseen second measurement campaign
Bernier, Carolynn. „Etude et modélisation des interférences radiofréquences dans les réseaux ad hoc d'objets communicants : une approche probabiliste“. Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMillot, Anthony. „Etude d'un réseau de capteurs environnementaux en bande ISM“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573695.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSissokho, Bamba. „Gestion des interférences dans les systèmes MIMO massifs“. Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis made it possible to work on the efficiency of a channel of massive MIMO systems for which it is necessary to determine the throughput at the Uplink of the terminals present in their respective cells. As an assumption, the frequency band in TDD mode is reused in each cell. All symbols are propagated asynchronously by the terminals present in the cells, not effectively preventing intra- and inter-symbol interactions at the base stations. These signals encounter many obstacles on their path that lead to delays, signal losses (destructive), signal regenerations (constructive) with various types of modulation (amplitude, frequency, phase), etc. The path loss in the channel is highlighted with the different values taken by the attenuation coefficient chosen during the simulations. Faced with this situation, it was necessary to look for the best and most robust channel estimator at a given consistency time. The MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) method is used, compared to others. For the performance of massive MIMO systems, we have focused on antenna diversity methods (N-order diversity), coding methods, OFDMA access methods and equalization methods to show that effectively using multiple antennas at base stations improves and contributes to the desired rate gains. With massive MIMO systems, we have shown that antennar contribution is well recognized in interference management. An algorithm for calculating the flow rate at the Uplink was developed using three conventional receivers: the MRC (Maximum Ratio Combiner), the ZF (Zero-Forcing) and the MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error). The simulations made it possible to compare the different approaches. By varying the contamination power of the pilot symbols, we observe the convergence of the ZF and MMSE curves. If the number of L cells increases, we find that the higher the contamination power of the pilot symbols (pp), the lower the capacity in the channel. After several iterations, our algorithm converges to an asymptote (stationary and linear regime) where the samples at the detector output approach the transmitted data sequence. The SINR obtained with conventional detectors allows the calculation of the respective flows in the channel with the SHANNON theorem
Oudji, Salma. „Analyse de la robustesse et des améliorations potentielles du protocole RadioFréquences Sub-GHz KNX utilisé pour l’IoT domotique“. Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0121/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis addresses the performance of the KNX-RF protocol used for home automation applications in terms of radiofrequency robustness in a multi-protocol environment that is potentially subject to interferences. In this work, the aim is to assess the interference problems encountered by KNX-RF using simulation models that would increase its RF reliability. Thus, a first model was developed on MATLAB / Simulink and allowed to investigate the performance and limitations of this protocol at its physical layer in an interference scenario occurring inside a multiprotocol home and building automation box/gateway. These simulations were followed by field experimental tests in an indoor environment (house) to verify the results. A second model was developed to evaluate the MAC layer mechanisms of KNX-RF through the discrete event simulator OMNeT ++/Mixim. This model includes all the mechanisms of channel access and frequency agility specified by KNX-RF standard. A frame collision scenario was simulated and several improvement proposals are discussed in this manuscript. The developed models can be used to analyze and predict in advance phase the behavior of KNX-RF in a radio-constrained environment
Ait, Allal Dalal. „Détection d’évènements impulsionnels en environnement radioélectrique perturbé : application à l’observation des pulsars intermittents avec un système temps réel de traitement du signal“. Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2056/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work presented in this thesis is in the context of the intermittent impulsive event detection at Nançay Observatory. The pulsars are highly magnetized neutron stars in rapid rotation, which emit a radio beam scanning the space like a lighthouse. They are detectable with a specific instrumentation. In recent years, new classes of such pulsars were discovered. These pulsars with extreme features, especially with individual pulses more intense and irregular compared to the average, must be detected in real time in a disrupted radio environment because of telecommunication signals. This study presents some radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation algorithms adapted to this context. Several methods are presented and compared. Among them, two were selected and compared using Monte Carlo simulations with a set of parameters to simulate the pulsar and a BPSK signal with power and different durations. In the case of researching new pulsars, an alternative method is proposed (SIPSFAR), combining research capacity in real time and robustness against RFI. It is based on 2D Fourier transform and the Radon transform. A theoretical comparative study has confronted and compared the sensitivity of this new method and the commonly method used by radio astronomers. SIPSFAR was implemented on a GPU GTX285 and tested on a large survey of the sky made at Nançay radio telescope. The results have led to a further statistical comparison from the actual data
Gondran, Alexandre. „Modélisation et optimisation de la planification des réseaux locaux sans fil“. Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00416060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNotre modélisation est basée sur le calcul du débit réel offert en chaque point de demande de service du réseau. Nous montrons que ce critère de débit réel permet une modélisation complète de la qualité de service car il unifie les critères habituels de couverture, de gestion des interférences et de capacité.
Notre optimisation traite simultanément le problème de placement des points d'accès et le problème d'affectation de fréquences par un algorithme à Voisinages Variables Aléatoires VVA : à chaque itération de cette recherche locale le type de voisinage est tiré au hasard. Cet algorithme est très modulaire et permet facilement de combiner les deux sous problèmes (placement et affection).
Ces travaux ont donné lieu à des collaborations et partenariats industriels : logiciel de planification globale des WLAN avec Orange Labs et solutions de planification séquentielle avec la start-up Trinaps.
Enfin nous approfondissons la modélisation du problème en explicitant les liens entre le calcul du débit réel et les SINR. Dans une première étape, nous montrons que les contraintes de seuil sur les SINR induisent un problème de T-coloration de graphe (condition nécessaire). Pour obtenir une équivalence rendant compte des interférences multiples, une généralisation du problème de T-coloration pour les hypergraphes est introduite. Dans une seconde étape, nous définissons un algorithme déduisant les seuils de SINR à partir des contraintes sur les débits réels. Cette nouvelle modélisation est la base de nos développements futurs.
Kouassi, Kouakou. „Modélisation et optimisation des transmissions ultra-large bande à impulsions radio dans les réseaux ad hoc“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10197/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on impulse radio Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) transmissions in ad hoc sensor network. Such networks are able to generate strong enough multiple access interference to be less reliable. The method used to distinguish data is the Pulse Position Modulation where different delay is assign to each data type. The purpose of this study is to suggest proposals to mitigate this issue while fitting with the radio waves regulations in the countries where these networks will operate. As a rough guide, this thesis only refers to the American UWB regulation. However, the obtained results are relevant to any kind of mask. The masks are highly restrictive, we therefore interested to the transmitted signals spectrum shapes, first, in order to guarantee an optimal use of the available power. The proposal we made for this purpose reveals highly interesting. Then an analytical model taking into account the last suggestion is built to numerically evaluate the performances. These performances are compared to the ones obtained with Monte-Carlo simulations. It appears that the model is accurate enough to be used in an optimisation process. This process aims to find data signals that give the best performances and the optimal spectral occupancies, at the same time. The obtained results show that our proposal allows to make more reliable transmissions in dense ad hoc sensor networks
Salazar, Gutierrez Camilo Andrés. „Récepteurs de réveil très faible consommation utilisant des techniques de filtrage de type N-Path“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10031/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe continuous development of performant systems intended for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) sets an exciting motivation to bring “intelligence” to our environment. Multiple researches have been addressed to the development of advanced methodologies enabling the possibility of providing objects with individual wireless sensing devices. Set as sensor networks, these emerging WSN enables autonomous monitoring of diverse environments for applications such as medical care, environmental monitoring, system security and smart structures. To guaranty dense node deployment and long lifetime, each sensor node must be small, low-cost and low-power. In order to fulfill the WSN low-energy requirements, asynchronous rendez-vous schemes based on Wake-Up Receivers (WuRx) may be implemented. This thesis research focuses on the development of a compact and low-cost ultra-low power wake-up receiver providing high sensitivity and strong interference rejection. The proposed architecture overcomes the need of high-Q time-base references by combining a low-Q resonator-referred local oscillator and distributed multi-stage signal-path high-Q filtering obtained by means of integrated ULP electronic means. Based on a Dual-IF architecture, this WuRx takes creative advantage of the N-path passive-mixers (N-PPM) impedance frequency translation principle to enhance the sensitivity and provide strong interferer immunity. Implemented in a 65nm CMOS technology from STMicroelectronics, this thesis work pushes the state-of-the-art boundary, proposing a 2.4GHz On-Off Keying (OOK) dual-IF WuRx with -97dBm sensitivity and -27dB carrier-to-interferer ratio at 5MHz carrier frequency offset, while consuming 99μW