Dissertationen: „Interest (Law)“

1

Li, Lei. „Community interest in the European antidumping law“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637074.

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2

Huang, Jiefang. „The common interest principle in space law /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64496.

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3

Banišauskaitė, Aušra. „Viešojo intereso veiksnys administracinėje teisėje“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140603_110134-49962.

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Magistro baigiamajame darbe siekiama atskleisti su viešojo intereso gynimu susijusias problemas Lietuvos administracinės teisės kontekste. Aptariami tokie probleminiai aspektai, kaip viešojo intereso sąvoka, viešojo intereso struktūriniai požymiai, administracinių teismų praktika teisės subjektams ginanant viešąjį interesą teisme. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje aptariama viešojo intereso samprata, viešojo intereso ir teisės santykis. Pristatomos įvairių teisės specialistų nuomonės dėl viešojo intereso sąvokos, privataus ir viešo intereso atskyrimo. Antrojoje, apžvelgiame viešojo intereso struktūrinius požymius (objektą, subjektą, bei agentus, galinčius ginti viešąjį interesą). Šioje darbo dalyje taip pat pristatoma Lietuvos Konstitucinio Teismo ir Lietuvos vyriausiojo administracinio teismo praktika, iš kurios galima matyti, kokie objektai pripažįstami, kaip gintini, saugotini remiantis viešojo intereso svarba. Išskiriami bei analizuojami viešojo intereso subjektai, aptariami viešojo intereso agentai. Trečioje magistro baigiamojo darbo dalyje pristatomi atlikto Lietuvos vyriausiojo administracinio teismo praktikos tyrimo rezultatai, kuriais remiantis analizuojama fizinių asmenų, nevyriausybinių organizacijų, taip pat prokuroro bei valstybinių institucijų veikla ginant viešąjį interesą Lietuvos vyriausiame administraciniame teisme. Atsižvelgiant į tai, pateikiamas teisinis šios veiklos vertinimas, remiantis mokslininkų įžvalgomis, Europos Teisingumo Teismo praktiką bei oficialių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
SUMMARY The factor of the public interest in administrative law The main concepts: interest, private interest, public interest, administrative law. The main purpose of this master degree thesis is to reveal the problems which are related with the defense of the public interest in the context of Lithuanian administrative law. In this work problematic aspects such as concept of the public interest, the structural signs of the public interest and jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania are discussed. In the first part of this work the concept of public interest and relationship between interest and law are analyzed. Also variety of opinions of legal experts about the concept of public interest and the posibility of private and public interest separation are presented. In the second part of master degree thesis the structure of public interest (object, subject and agencies) is introduced. In this part of work jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania and the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania are introduced, which aims to identify the object of the public interest. Also subject and the agents of the public interest are distinguished and analyzed. In the third part of master degree thesis the results of the case study of jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania are presented. Based on the results of the case study the activity of individuals, non-governmental organizations, prosecutors and public... [to full text]

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Nakajima, Chizu Virginia. „Conflicts of interest in English and Japanese financial law“. Thesis, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265761.

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5

Senkus, Dovydas. „Ar lobizmo įteisinimas yra suderinamas su konstitucijoje įtvirtintu principu, jog įstatymų leidėjai turi vadovautis valstybės interesais?“ Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140614_152844-09872.

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Nors lobizmas Lietuvoje buvo įtvirtintas 2001 metais, priėmus Lietuvos Respublikos Lobistinės veiklos įstatymą, iki šiol lietuvių teisinėje literatūroje nebuvo skiriama daug dėmesio lobizmo kaip instituto suderinamumui su Konstitucijos 59 straipsnio 4 dalyje įtvirtintu principu, jog Seimo nariai savo darbe turi vadovautis valstybės interesu. Lobizmas dažniausiai yra nagrinėjamas politikos mokslų kontekste kaip grupių interesų perdavimo priemonė. Teisinėje literatūroje yra straipsnių analizuojančių Lobistinės veiklos įstatymą, jo veikimą ar neveikimą bei kitus lobizmo įtvirtinimo aspektus. Visgi lobizmo ir konstitucinio principo, jog Seimo nariai savo darbe turi vadovautis valstybės interesu suderinamumo problema kyla tada, kai interesų grupės, pasitelkdamos lobistus, siekia savo siaurų interesų, kurie prieštarauja valstybės interesui, patenkinimo. Taigi priėmus lobizmą įteisinančius įstatymus (leidus privačioms interesų grupėms tiesiogiai daryti įtaką leidžiamajai valdžiai) kyla reali grėsmė, kad bus pažeistas Konstitucijoje įtvirtintas principas, jog įstatymų leidėjai turi vadovautis valstybės, o ne privačiais interesais. Šis baigiamasis darbas ir yra skiriamas ištirti šių dviejų institutų suderinamumą, jų reglamentavimą ir interpretavimą, nurodyti ryškiausius probleminius aspektus ir pateikti samprotavimus, kurie galėtų būti pagalbine medžiaga kitiems, susidomėjusiems šios problemos sprendimu. Tyrimo objektas – Lobistinė veikla, kuria pagal galiojančius teisės aktus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
While lobbying in Lithuania was legitimised in 2001, after passing the Law on Lobbying Activities, up until this day legal scholars in Lithuania have not made any researches about compatibility of lobbying with the constitutional principle that legislators must act according to the state interests. Lobbying is usually examined in the context of political science as a vehicle for transmission of group interests. In legal literature some scholars analyse functionality of the Law on Lobbying Activities, but other problems of lobbying are not being analysed. This problem of compatibility lobbying and constitutional principle that legislators must act according to the state interests arise when interest groups, through lobbyists, try to satisfy their own selfish needs which are against state interests. So because the Law on Lobbying Activities was passed (private groups were allowed to influence government representatives) there is a real danger that constitutional principle which obliges legislators to act according to the state interests, not according to the private interest will be breached. This thesis is intended to investigate the compatibility of these two institutes, their regulation and to show some of the most problematic aspects which arises while trying to compare these two institutes. The object of this thesis is lobbying activities, which are in accordance with existing legislation and intended to affect the legislative decisions, and its compatibility with the... [to full text]

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Bavasso, Antonio. „Communications in EU law : antitrust, market power and public interest“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249286.

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7

Razzaque, Jona. „Public interest environmental litigation in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh“. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368702.

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8

Althabity, Mohammad M. „Enforceability of arbitral awards containing interest : a comparative study between Sharia law and positive laws“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23090.

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The dynamics of our globalised world open the way for international trade and transactions between different countries; this may lead to conflicts in laws where transactions and trade may be subject to different legal systems. One of the biggest issues in international commercial law is disputes over the charging of interest, for example with regard to late payment, interest-based loans, or compensation for damages. Interest disputes are considered to be a complex area of law and even more complex in the international field. At the international level, interest claims may be connected to many areas of commerce and thus governed by various laws, which are different from one country to another; moreover, each country has its own interest rate and such rates are changeable according to the nature of law and economics under some jurisdictions. Furthermore, the concept of interest itself is affected by influences such as religious beliefs and economic, political and cultural trends. Interest can be treated as a substantive or a procedural matter. The settlement of these disputes therefore faces difficulties. Arbitration, as a method for settlement of disputes, is characterised by special features that assist in resolving these issues; but it faces some obstructions, especially in international commercial arbitration. The practices of arbitral tribunals and national courts in this regard are different. The results of different interpretations, approaches, and theories with regard to arbitration, at the pre-arbitration, during arbitration and post-arbitration stages, may also differ widely due to the diversity of financial and legal systems such as Common Law, Civil Law and the Islamic legal system – Sharia Law – across different countries. Each legal system has a different methodology and theories, even within an individual country under one legal system, and a state within a federal system has its own laws, which may have different interpretations in this respect. The New York Convention of 1958 on enforcing foreign arbitral awards was established in favour of arbitral awards and for the purpose of unifying international rules of arbitration. This Convention provides some procedural and substantive rules for the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, but also provides some grounds for refusal. These rules have been affected by different interpretations under different jurisdictions and legal systems, which lead to different perspectives on the matter of charging interest and settlement by arbitration. The outcome of applying the NYC under these interpretations often has the opposite of its intended effect: the rejection of foreign arbitral awards. Due to such ambiguities, courts occasionally intervene in arbitration in all its stages. The interventions of national courts occur in three stages: enforcement of the arbitration agreement, enforcement of the contract under the applicable law to the agreement, and enforcement of the foreign arbitral award. The confusion between substantive and procedural laws also creates confusion with respect to public policy, non-arbitrability and enforceability. In addition, there may be a lack of clarity on the scope of arbitration with respect to the parties’ agreement, whether or not the parties have agreed to the interest rates and periods and whether or not they have agreed to the authority of the arbitrator. These issues affect the enforceability of an arbitration agreement, the law applicable to the disputed contract, the freedom of parties, the authority of the arbitrators and the enforceability of the awarded interest. The thesis studies how arbitral awards containing interest have been interpreted across the three aforementioned legal systems under the NYC 1958 in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UAE, England, France, and the US and the enforceability of such awards.

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Fredin, Malin, und Johanna Predal. „Revisorns roll - från client focus mot public interest“. Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3223.

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Syftet med vår uppsats har varit att utreda om revisorns roll har förskjutits från ”client focus” mot ”public interest”. Vi har också tagit reda på vad revisorerna tycker om sin nya roll. ”Client focus” innebär att revisorerna utför tjänstejobb, de måste vara måna om sina klienter, dessa har rätt att byta revisor vid missnöje. De huvudsakliga uppgifterna som vi anser ligga i begreppet ”public interest” är skyldigheten att anmäla vid misstanke om brott och uppgiften att i vissa fall skicka orena revisionsberättelser till Skatteverket. Det finns även en del uppgifter som vi varken kan placera under ”client focus” eller ”public interest” utan som vi anser ligger under båda begreppen, hit hör granskningen av miljöredovisningar och sociala redovisningar, eftersom den delvis är reglerad i lag och delvis är självvald.

Vi har gjort besöksintervjuer hos fyra revisorer, frågorna har varit identiska med öppna svarsalternativ. Svaren har använts för att utvärdera resultatet av undersökningen, analysera och dra slutsatser.

Resultatet av vår undersökning visar att ingen av de intervjuade revisorerna anser sig se mer till någon intressent än vad de ser till sin klient. Revisorerna anser att gränsen för när de ska anmäla brott bör vara tydligare och att de orena revisionsberättelserna som skickas till Skatteverket inte anses betungande. Av revisorernas svar så tolkar vi det som att granskningen av den lagstadgade miljöredovisningen och sociala redovisningen är viktigare för samhället än för revisorerna själva.

Revisorerna ser ingen förskjutning mot ”public interest” och anser därför inte att de har fått någon ny roll.

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Hicks, Bentley G. (Bentley Garth) Carleton University Dissertation Law. „Interests and the public interest in law and public policy: a case study in aboriginal policy in Canada“. Ottawa, 1995.

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Rodríguez-Arana, Muñoz Jaime. „Users and Services of General Energy Interest“. Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118152.

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Modern Administrative Law must be considered within the Social and Democratic Rule of Law. Citizens, as users of services of general interest, are at the centre of all the categories of Regulatory Law. They have a legal status that enables them to be present in the decisions that affect them and they can contest decisions that harm their rights.
El Derecho Administrativo moderno debe enmarcarse en el Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho. Los ciudadanos, usuarios de los servicios de interés general, ocupan un lugar central en todas las categorías del Derecho Regulatorio. Disponen de un estatuto jurídico que les permite estar presentes en las decisiones que le afectan y poder impugnar las decisiones que lesionen sus derechos.

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O'Callaghan, O. „Privacy and a free press : locating the public interest“. Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17858/.

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The term “the public interest” is oft-cited but seldom defined. It is in essence both an umbrella term and a short-hand for a concept (or concepts) that we know we need to understand but have difficulty explaining. However, given both the prevalence and the importance of the concept to the law in specific disputes, confronting its essential nature becomes imperative to resolving those clashes. One such instance comes in the form of the conflict of privacy and a free press. One of the foremost legal problems of our time, the clash of Article 8 and Article 10 rights does not lend itself to simple resolutions given the frequency of what might be described as ‘intractable’ or ‘zero-sum’ cases – where both rights cannot be simultaneously realised to the satisfaction of the parties involved. This thesis therefore seeks to understand where the elusive ‘public interest’ lies in such cases. To do so it firstly examines where the public interest is located in each of the respective rights, and then how those rights are to be balanced. This thesis contends that it is not enough simply to understand the nature of the two rights which are being balanced, but that it is crucial to understand how the act of balancing itself impacts upon the outcome. All of this cannot be divorced from the wider social and political context in which the contest between conflicting rights takes place. This thesis therefore systematically examines each of these pieces of the puzzle to garner an in depth understanding of them individually and how they react with each other. This is done in order to produce a set tools – definitions, understandings, and conclusions – which can be applied to factual situations in order to illuminate the location of the public interest in conflicts between privacy and a free press.

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Nordqvist, Evelina. „Surrogacy and the Best Interest of the Child : A European Perspective“. Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-76620.

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14

Teague, Ian Graeme. „The role of the public interest in competition law a consideration of the public interest in merger control and exemptions in South Africa and how the public interest plays a more important role in the competition laws of South Africa and of developi“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4568.

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Teague, Ian Graeme. „The role of the public interest in competition law: a consideration of the public interest in merger control and exemptions in South Africa and how the public interest plays a more important role in the competition laws of South Africa and of develop“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4569.

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This paper considers the role accorded to, and importance of, the public interest objectives of the South African Competition Act[1] (the Act). The aim of this paper is not to critique these objectives or to consider what role these objectives have played in South African competition jurisprudence in the eleven years since the enactment of the Act, but to accept such objectives and specifically consider what effect has been given to them in the other provisions of the Competition Act that expressly deal with the public interest, [2] and to argue that the competition authorities should not be too eager to diminish the importance of these sections, but that the public interest should play an important role in the competition law of South Africa and other developing nations, and as such, that the South African competition authorities should recognise this.

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Subhani, Azeemuddin. „Divine law of ribā and bay' : new critical theory“. Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102847.

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The notion of usury/interest, subsumed under the Arabic term riba and Hebraic neshekh/marbit, has been the center of human attention throughout recorded history, but only as an exclusive economic paradigm subject to toleration, limitation or prohibition. Yet, in a clearly disproportionate treatment, all pristine major world religions consider this "economic act" as the greatest of sins, which, in Islam, additionally attracts the most graphic other-worldly punishments at the extremes of the spectrum. Economic usurpation of greater severity, e.g., theft by stealth and robbery by force do not attract as severe a Scriptural punishment as does "interest-taking" by consent, clearly implying, both scripturally and linguistically, that this seemingly exclusive "economic act" is in fact a sin of greater theological proportions. Yet, casuistry and a non-philosophical approach have so far prevented the extant Judaic, Christian and Islamic scholarship from assessing the depth and breadth of the theology at stake here. Utilizing a semiotic methodology and a philosophical/theological approach, and drawing out the glaring deficiencies of the current scholarship, this work posits that the Arabic riba /Hebraic marbit (growth), by virtue of its intrinsic characteristic of intra-activity as against its binary opposite of inter-activity inherent in bay' (exchange), causes self-emanation, self-subsistence and ex-nihilo creation, which, being exclusive Divine attributes, not only render marbit/riba an act of idolatry/polytheism (Arabic: shirk), but also thereby extend it to all spheres of human action. This diagnosis not only harmonizes the severe ordained punishment with the gravity of the sin, it also bestows perfect hermeneutical calibration to the whole riba paradigm for all monotheist religions, identifying the universal divine law: intra-activity (riba) ---lack of dependence---for the Master (Rabb) and inter-activity (bay')---dependence---for the servant ('abd). This yields the new critical theory of normative human behavior prescribed by "Islam"---the din al-fiṭra, which calls for total human conformity to the design and purpose of human creation in pairs (tathniya: duality), reserving riba (tawḥid : singularity) for the One whose divine attribute it is.

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Affolder, Natasha. „Fiction, fear and fallacy : compound interest in national law and international arbitration“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322784.

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18

Badwaza, Yoseph Mulugeta. „Public interest litigation as practiced by South African human rights NGOs: any lessons for Ethiopia?“ Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8062_1181888302.

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This study explored the various forms public interest litigation takes in various legal systems, focusing on the practice in South Africa. An examination of the relevant legal regime in Ethiopia was made with a view to assessing its adequacy to cater for public interest actions and coming up with possible recommendations. Apart from the analysis of the adequacy of the legal framework, an attempt was made to identify other factors that may pose a challenge to the introduction of the system in Ethiopia.

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Jon, Woo-Jung. „Establishing an international registration system for the assignment and security interest of receivables“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:10758231-3aa0-4aaa-9394-8950930da22c.

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Legal systems around the world vary widely in how they deal with the assignment of receivables. This legal variety makes it difficult for financiers to conduct their international receivables financing business. This thesis suggests an International Registration System for the Assignment and Security Interest of Receivables (‘IRSAR’) and proposes a model international convention for the IRSAR (‘proposed IRSAR Convention’), which could help financiers to overcome the obstacles they currently encounter. Under the proposed IRSAR Convention, the international assignment of receivables would be regulated by a unified legal system with respect to priority and perfection. The IRSAR would facilitate international project financing. Furthermore, the IRSAR would enable companies to raise finance from greater ranges of investors around the world through international receivables financing and to dispose of non-performing loans more easily. The proposed IRSAR Convention would succeed the UN Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade in the attempt of establishing a registration system for international assignments of receivables. The proposed IRSAR Convention confines its scope of application by defining the assignor (or the security provider), inventing the concept of ‘Vehicle for the International Registration System’ (‘VIRS’). The proposed IRSAR Convention applies where the assignor or security provider is a VIRS. An assignment of a receivable where the assignor is a VIRS and a security interest in a receivable where the security provider is a VIRS could be registered in the IRSAR. Under the proposed IRSAR Convention, priority of assignments of and security interests in receivables is determined by the order of registration in the IRSAR. The proposed IRSAR Convention would be a receivables version of the Cape Town Convention. With respect to the contents and effect of registration, it would prescribe a notice-filing system along the lines of that adopted in the UCC Article 9. With respect to the operation of the registration, it would adopt an automatic online registration system operating 24 hours a day, 365 days a year like the International Registry under the Cape Town Convention.

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Potgieter, Bianca. „The prescription of interest-free loans and the tax implications thereof“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/72933.

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In Trinity Asset Management (Pty) Ltd v Grindstone Investments 132 (Pty) Ltd the court held that debt in terms of a contract would become due on the specified date in terms of the agreement; when there is no specified date, the debt will be due immediately upon conclusion of the contract. The applicable period for the prescription of a debt arising from a loan agreement is three years. In the normal course of business, an interest-free loan is perceived to have no tax consequences for the debtor or the creditor. The reason for this is that even though the debtor becomes the owner of the loan capital, he is under obligation to repay the creditor. When the loan prescribes, the tax implications will differ, resulting in either donations tax, capital gains tax or dividends tax. This dissertation considers the tax implications of prescribed debt in South Africa with specific focus on interest-free loans. In South Africa, interest-free loans form an important commercial part of the economy, commonly found between individuals, companies and trusts as they usually form part of a financing structure. These loans tend to be informal agreements between parties with no specified due date for debt. This can easily result in the extinction of debt, due to prescription, that may give rise to various tax implications.
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Mercantile Law
LLM Tax Law
Unrestricted

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Ding, Jian. „Research on insurable interest in English and Chinese law of marine insurance“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430530.

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Rowan, Solène. „The protection of the performance interest in English and French contract law“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611138.

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Monareng, Katlego Donavin. „Using Competition law to promote broader public interest issues in merger regulation“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45991.

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Lekhawatthanapong, Thattaporn. „Establishing statutory ground for the public interest defence under international copyright law“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50736/.

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Maintaining a fair balance between individuals’ interests and the public interest is arguably believed to be the most effective approach in serving the ultimate objective of copyright: to promote social, economic and cultural development for the benefit of both rightsholders and the public at large. Through this balanced approach, creativity can be maximised and thrive better than by tilting towards one or the other. In copyright law, such balance is reflected by the way in which the short-term grant of exclusive rights respects the long-term public interest represented by limitations and exceptions to copyright. Despite an unclear and non-uniform definition and scope, the importance of the public interest has been implicitly and explicitly recognised through disparate forms of safeguards in different jurisdictions. However, the last few decades have seen a rapid development of information technologies which, in turn, has contributed to an unparalleled legislative drive at international level towards overprotecting the interests of rightsholders. This has then left the public interest under-protected and now constitutes an imbalance of copyright. This thesis therefore examines legislative intervention into the international copyright regime in an attempt to ensure that the public interest is uniformly and mandatorily safeguarded at international level. In particular, it strives to establish an overarching public interest defence capable of protecting certain aspects of public values embedded in copyright works. In achieving this, the thesis examines the scope of the defence, what it should entail, and what aspects are to be taken into account in the course of formulating and giving effect to the defence. The substantive chapters investigate the public policy grounds, the right to freedom of expression and the international three-step test, i.e. the roles they play in shaping the latitude and operations of the defence, respectively. Finally, the thesis also evaluates different ways in which the defence can be incorporated into the international copyright regime in order to effectively counterbalance the rightsholder-centric tendency and restore the balance of copyright.

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Mosca, Matteo <1996&gt. „The New Foreign Investment Law of China: Implications for Variable Interest Entities“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18215.

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This thesis will focus on the analysis of the new Foreign Investment Law promulgated in China on March 15th, 2019 and entered into force on January 1st, 2020. This new law can be considered a symbol of China’s ongoing process of liberalization of its market towards the outside, since its main objective is to establish a level-playing field for both domestic and foreign enterprises. Along with its promulgation, the Foreign Investment Law has also repealed the old Three Foreign-Invested Enterprise Laws (Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Law, Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law and Sino-Foreign Contractual Joint Venture Law), marking an important step in the Chinese legal framework regulating foreign investments. The thesis will first start with a brief historical introduction, which will contextualize the promulgation of this new law, and then an analysis of the factors which pushed it will be provided. Secondly, the work will focus on the practical analysis of the Foreign Investment Law from a comparative perspective, studying the changes in different fields from the previous laws. Eventually, the focus will shift to the Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) structure, providing a case-study under the new regulation of the Foreign Investment Law, in order to demonstrate the trend of liberalization brought by this new law.

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Lee, Chi-ming Leo. „A study on protections of minority shareholders' interest in Hong Kong /“. [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498496.

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Rajashekaran, Dhruv. „Is Pursuing Nuclear Energy in India's Strategic Interest?“ Thesis, Webster University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526151.

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As a developing country with the second largest population in the world, India's energy needs will continue to grow steadily in the coming decades. A significant proportion of India's oil, coal and natural gas are imported because of a dearth of indigenous energy resources. This creates a situation of energy dependence and is a potential national security issue. As a result, the government is embarking on an ambitious plan to have nuclear power generate 25% of electricity in 2050 – up from 3.7% in 2012. The aim is to be running on thorium fast-breeder reactors, that are currently in development, by that time. India's vast reserves of thorium would mean that this would improve energy security, while also improving access to energy for the large part of its population that remains without it.

However, nuclear energy is controversial. Issues of safety and viability must be addressed adequately if nuclear energy is to be pursued. Civil-society concerns about the displacement of people and the degradation or changes in environment around plants and its consequences must also be appropriately addressed. The aim of this paper is to ascertain if it is indeed in India's strategic interest to invest in nuclear energy. Within a theoretical framework of energy security the paper will seek to identify what changes should be made in the sector to guide and manage the process of expanding nuclear-power generation is also important if prescribing this course of action.

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Berg, Julie. „Polycentric security governance : legitimacy, accountability, and the public interest“. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15493.

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This thesis examines how power is constituted in hybrid polycentric systems of security governance. In particular, the thesis explores how legitimacy - as one form of power - is configured in Improvement Districts in South Africa, with a specific focus on three ways by which it is gained: through promoting public participation in decision-making; through transparent and accountable policing nodes; and through the delivery of effective security for the public good. Polycentric systems of security governance are usually composed of a number of policing or security nodes that are independent of each other, but take account of each other in relationships of co-operation or conflict and where no single node dominates all the rest. In other words, some or all of these nodes, may co-ordinate around specific security problems or events in a sustained manner. The functioning of polycentric security governance was explored in Improvement Districts in Cape Town and Johannesburg, as they are an exemplar of polycentricity in the way that they operate. Qualitative field research was employed using a nodal analytical framework and a collective case study approach. In-depth interviewing, participant and direct observation as well as documentary analysis were the primary research methods employed. The findings of the research reveal that polycentricity impacts on legitimacy in a number of ways. Legitimacy may originate from multiple sources and state and non-state policing nodes within polycentric security governance systems may undermine, enhance and/or co-produce democratic participation, accountability and security for the public interest. There are a number of factors or conditions that shape whether polycentric systems of governance are legitimate and how they derive this legitimacy. The main finding of the thesis is that for a polycentric system to be aligned to the public interest, it needs to be motivated by public, peer and political expectations, amongst other things. The findings of the thesis both challenge the normative tendency to associate democratic legitimacy with the state and contribute to the pressing question of how to theoretically account for the empirical reality of polycentric security governance systems.

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Wang, Xi. „Importance of community interest in EU anti-dumping legislation and practice :lesson for China“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3525639.

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Lee, Chi-ming Leo, und 李志明. „A study on protections of minority shareholders' interest in HongKong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31265716.

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Meyer, Nicholas. „Competition law's inclusion of public interest considerations in mergers and beyond: a potential paradox?“ Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25461.

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The inclusion of public interest considerations in competition law legislation has been controversial, dividing policy makers and economists alike. Debate has focused on the practical application of these public interest concerns when a merger is proposed, or when prohibited conduct is implicated. The uncertainty involved has had to be addressed by the competition authorities in recent years when dealing with high profile mergers and excessive pricing cases. This has necessitated development in somewhat unchartered legal terrain: the incorporation into competition policy of traditionally non-competition objectives. The traditional purpose of competition law has primarily been protecting and enhancing consumer welfare. Attempting to reconcile this objective with public interest considerations, which are now statutorily enshrined, presents significant challenges. However, South Africa's pressing economic redistributive justice needs provided compelling motivation for the legislature including public interest considerations in competition law, and authorities must remain cognizant of this. This paper critically considers whether it is appropriate for competition authorities to address welfare and public interest concerns, by analysing significant merger and prohibited conduct cases involving public interest considerations. A comparison into international approaches and trends in including public interest factors in competition control serves to provide global context. Furthermore, this paper interrogates the legitimacy of intervening in the public interest, whilst examining the tension between efficiency and equity.

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Willing, Tim Maximilian. „Public interest influences in competition law : a comparative analysis of South Africa and Germany“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20798.

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The primary aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of the South African and German merger control regime with regard to public interest influences in order to compare the different approaches and conclude whether one system could learn anything from the other system and how it is implemented. In addition, it will investigate the casuistry on the legal terms and possible approaches to make a balancing of the competition and public interest effects more concrete. First, this paper will examine both merger regimes separately including a short introduction on the legislative background and an analysis of the merger cases before comparing the systems and coming to a conclusion. Emphasis is put on the investigation of the central public interest ground of employment. The casuistry in both countries falls short of more than some rules of thumb. Economic evaluations that become more detailed through the development of economic models should form the starting point for balancing deliberations, especially in Germany. Whereas the South African model promotes the evaluation of public interests intending to fight the inequalities of the past while also strengthening the economy, the German system gives preference to the independence of its Federal Cartel Office consequent to its focus on competition concerns allowing a ministerial authorisation only in exceptional circumstances. The paper will illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of both systems. The structural differences, in particular in terms of the competent decision making body, are justified on grounds of the different stages of development and the subsequently consistent goals aimed at in the respective country. The thesis therefore suggests that based on these circumstances, the systematic approaches which are tailored to the needs should not be changed. However, it is argued that the German Minister should exploit the full potential of § 42 ARC, especially through the use of appropriate remedies. Furthermore, it is recommended that South African competition authorities follow the objectives of the South African Competition Act with increased readiness and effort. The unique feature of the South African merger control with a mandatory public interest test which is included in the competition assessment has the potential to become a role model for other similarly situated countries with newly developing merger control systems in the future.

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Legnani, Nicole Delia. „Love Interest: Figures and Fictions of Venture Capital and the Law in Conquista“. Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11471.

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Inspired by the visual allegory ("Conquista, embarcáronse a las Indias" fol. 73 of the Nueva corónica), Legnani contends that the development of the laws of peoples (jus gentium) by 16th century Spanish jurists should be analyzed within the corpus of commercial law (lex mercatoria) employed by sea merchants, bankers and mercenaries throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. This dissertation explores the movement from figure to fiction in discourses of capital and violence.
Romance Languages and Literatures

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Havemann, Scott. „Is there a role for public interest provisions in South African competition law?“ Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12189.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
The recent Wal-Mart/Massmart merger decision by the Competition Tribunal has highlighted the delicate role that the South African Competition Authorities (the Competition Commission, Competition Tribunal and the Competition Appeal Court) play between balancing public interest provisions and competition issues in merger decisions. A competition policy has been identified as a key instrument in economic development. This begets the question: does the Competition Act (Act 89 of 1998 as amended) empower the Competition Authorities with adequate tools to address economic policy challenges of South Africa? And if it does not, should the Competition Act be amended to provide for such tools and what should these amendments be if any?

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Stevens, Leslie Anne. „A public interest approach to data protection law : the meaning, value and utility of the public interest for research uses of data“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25772.

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Due to legal uncertainty surrounding the application of key provisions of European and UK data protection law, the public interest in protecting individuals’ informational privacy is routinely neglected, as are the public interests in certain uses of data. Consent or anonymisation are often treated as the paradigmatic example of compliance with data protection law, even though both are unable to attend to the full range of rights and interests at stake in data processing. Currently, where data processing may serve a realisable public interest, and consent or anonymisation are impracticable (if not impossible to obtain) the public interest conditions to processing are the rational alternative justifications for processing. However, the public interest conditions are poorly defined in the legislation, and misunderstood and neglected in practice. This thesis offers a much-needed alternative to the predominant consent-or-anonymise paradigm by providing a new understanding of the public interest concept in data protection law and to suggest a new approach to deploying the concept in a way that is consistent with the protective and facilitative aims of the legislation. Through undertaking legislative analysis new insight is provided on the purpose of the public interest conditions in data protection law, revealing critical gaps in understanding. By engaging with public interest theory and discovering the conceptual contours of the public interest, these gaps are addressed. Combined with the insight obtained from the legislative history, we can determine the reasonable range of circumstances and types of processing where it may be justifiable to use personal data based on the public interest. On this basis, and to develop a new approach for deploying the concept, other legal uses of the public interest are examined. The lessons learned suggest legislative and procedural elements that are critical to successful deployment of the public interest concept in data protection. The thesis concludes with the identification of key components to allow a clearer understanding of the public interest in this field. Further, these insights enable recommendations to be made, to reform the law, procedure and guidance. In doing so, the concept of the public interest can be confidently deployed in line with the aims of data protection law, to both protect and facilitate the use of personal data.

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Subhani, Azeemuddin. „The Islamic doctrine of ribā prohibition : a modular hermeneutical examination“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33932.

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The Islamic prohibition of riba is unequivocal but textually not explicit. The traditional and liberal theological, juridical and philosophical hermeneutical effort has addressed it comprehensively but not conclusively. This inconclusiveness is due to the absence of the identification of the distinctive characteristic of riba, resulting from the use of limited scope pre-defined juridical and economic paradigms employing a contextual exoteric approach, excluding the broader esoteric content. This promotes an internal hermeneutical imbalance between the variables of meaning, application, rationale, underlying cause and consequence of riba, preventing the full convergence and congruence of these narrowly defined paradigms with the broadly implied paradigm in the Qur'an and the Sunna, and obstructing the promulgation of the prohibition. The resolution of this hermeneutical gridlock, predicated upon the discovery of the distinctive rationale and the derivation of the underlying cause of riba prohibition, has a direct bearing on the expansion of scope and unreserved acceptance of the prohibition.

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Valsan, Remus. „Understanding fiduciary duties: conflict of interest and proper exercise of judgment in private law“. Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110522.

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This dissertation analyses the content and justification of the notion of fiduciary duties in private law relations. The thesis promotes the following understanding of fiduciary duties: in a legal relation where one party undertakes to act in the interests of another, and acquires decision-making authority over the other's interests, such party undertakes a core duty to exercise his best judgement in the other's interests. The core judgement duty requires a fiduciary to exercise judgement based on relevant considerations. While what constitutes a relevant consideration can be determined objectively, the weight to be ascribed to each relevant factor is left at the fiduciary's subjective appreciation.Due to the existence of this core duty, the law imposes a set of proscriptive duties. The proscriptive duties require a fiduciary to manage situations of conflict of interest. Their purpose is prophylactic: they aim to prevent self-interest (or another duty to exercise proper judgement) from affecting the reliability of fiduciary's judgement in a conscious or subconscious way. The proscriptive duties protect the core duty to exercise judgement and, as a result, the beneficiary's right to a proper exercise of judgement by the fiduciary.
Cette thèse examine le contenu et la raison d'être des devoirs fiduciaires dans les relations de droit privé. La permise de l'existence des devoirs fiduciaires en droit privé est la suivante : dans une relation juridique où une partie s'engage à agir dans les intérêts d'autrui, et acquiert un pouvoir de décision sur les intérêts de celui-ci, cette partie assume un devoir principal d'employer son meilleur jugement dans les intérêts d'autrui. Le devoir principal exige de la part du fiduciaire d'adopter des décisions basées sur des considérations pertinentes. Alors que ce qui constitue une considération pertinente peut être déterminé de manière objective, la relevance de chaque considération pertinente est laissé à l'appréciation subjective du fiduciaire. En raison de l'existence de ce devoir principal, la personne devient également assujettie à un ensemble de devoirs restrictifs. Les devoirs restrictifs sont imposés par la loi. Ils exigent de la part du fiduciaire de gérer les situations de conflit d'intérêt. Leur but est prophylactique: ils visent à empêcher l'intérêt propre du fiduciaire (ou un autre devoir principal) d'affecter la fiabilité du jugement du fiduciaire d'une manière consciente ou sous consciente. Les devoirs restrictifs protégent le devoir principal, et, par conséquent, le droit du bénéficiaire au meilleur jugement du fiduciaire.

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Gasiūnaitė, Daiva. „Grupės ieškinys – viešojo ir privataus interesų gynimo priemonė“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080125_132033-92275.

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Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas grupės ieškinio teisinis institutas kaip priemonė ginti viešuosius ir privačius interesus. Pirmoje dalyje siekiama atskleisti teisinio intereso sąvoką, viešojo ir privataus interesų sampratas, bei analizuojame galimybes šiuos interesus apginti pasitelkus grupės ieškinio institutą. Antrojoje dalyje nagrinėjame klasikinio ir kontinentinio grupės ieškinio instituto pagrindinius požymius bei apžvelgiame grupės ieškinio instituto ypatumus Lietuvos Respublikos civiliniame procese. Trečiojoje dalyje apžvelgiami pagrindiniai grupės ieškinio turinio reikalavimai, jo priėmimo sąlygos bei priimamo teismo sprendimo ypatumai. Magistro darbo tikslas pateikti mokslinį grupės ieškinio instituto vertinimą ginant pažeistus viešuosius ir privačius interesus. Daugelis užsienio šalių, savo įstatymuose įtvirtindamos grupės ieškinio institutą, visada jį lygina su Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose egzistuojančiu modeliu, todėl darbe daugiausia remsimės šios šalies civilinio proceso įstatymais. Nagrinėdami teisės literatūrą sutiksime teisės mokslininkų poziciją, kad grupės ieškiniai Europoje neegzistuoja, nes, anot jų, grupės ieškiniais vadintini tik tokie ieškiniai, kuriuose reikalavimus reiškia grupės nariai. Magistro darbe analizuosime šią nuomonę. Grupės ieškinio paplitimui Europos šalyse didžiausią įtaką padarė viešojo intereso bei kolektyvinių vartotojų interesų gynimo paieška. Todėl išsamiau panagrinėsime pačią teisinio intereso sąvoką, viešojo ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Legal institute of group action, as a measure of protecting public and private interests, is tackled in this work. The first part includes the explanation of legal interest, the concepts of public and private interests, as well as the analysis of possibilities of protection of these interests, using the institute of group action. The second part explains the main features of classic and continental institute of group action, as well as the peculiarities of the institute of group action in the Lawsuit of the Republic of Lithuania. The third part comprises of the main content requirements to the group action, the conditions of its acceptation and the peculiarities of awarded judgment. The goal of this Master’s Thesis – to present scientific evaluation of the institute of group action, while protecting violated public and private interests. Various foreign countries consolidating the institute of group action in their Law, compare it to the model existing in the United States of America, therefore our thesis will mainly be based on the Lawsuit of the United States of America. While tackling the legal literature, we will meet the position of legal scientists, claiming the group action do not exist in Europe, as group actions may only be called the claims when the claims are represented by the group members. We will analyze this opinion in our Master’s Thesis. The search for protection of public interest and collective interests of the users had a major... [to full text]

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Nginase, Xolisa Human. „The meaning of public purpose and public interest in Section 25 of the Constitution“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2289.

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Thesis (LLM (Mercantile Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis discusses the meaning of public purpose and public interest in s 25 of the Final Constitution. The main question that is asked is: how does ‘public purpose’ differ from ‘public interest’, and what impact did the Final Constitution have on the interpretation and application of the public purpose requirement in expropriation law in South Africa? This question is investigated by looking at how the courts have dealt with the public purpose requirement, both before and during the first years of the constitutional era in South African law, and also with reference to foreign law. The thesis shows that the position has not changed that much yet because the interpretation of this requirement has not received much attention in constitutional case law. The main focus is to show that the reason for the interpretation problems surrounding this requirement is the apparent conflict between the formulation of the public purpose requirement in the Final Constitution and in the current Expropriation Act of 1975. It is pointed out that the efforts that were made to resolve the problem failed because the Expropriation Bill 2008 was withdrawn. Consequently, it is still unclear how the public purpose requirement has been changed by s 25(2) of the Constitution, which authorises expropriation for a public purpose or in the public interest. This apparent lack of clarity is discussed and analysed with specific reference to the different types of third party transfers that are possible in expropriation law. Comparative case law from Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the European Convention on Human Rights is considered to show how other jurisdictions deal with the public purpose requirement in their own constitutions or expropriation legislation, with particular emphasis on how they solve problems surrounding third party transfers. In the final chapter it is proposed that the Expropriation Bill should be reintroduced to bring the formulation of the public purpose requirement in the Act in line with s 25(2) and that expropriation for transfer to third parties could be in order if it serves a legitimate public purpose or the public interest (e g because the third party provides a public utility or for land reform), but that expropriation for economic development should be reviewed strictly to ensure that it serves a more direct and clear public interest than just stimulating the economy or creating jobs.
AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis bespreek die betekenis van openbare doel en openbare belang in a 25 van die Finale Grondwet. Die belangrikste vraag is: hoe verskil ‘openbare doel’ van ‘openbare belang’, en watter impak het die Finale Grondwet op die interpretasie en toepassing van die openbare doel-vereiste in die Suid-Afrikaanse onteieningsreg gehad? Die vraag word ondersoek met verwysing na die howe se hantering van die openbare doel-vereiste voor en gedurende die eerste jare van die nuwe grondwetlike bedeling, asook met verwysing na buitelandse reg. Die tesis toon aan dat die posisie nog min verander het omdat die interpretasie van die vereiste in die grondwetlike regspraak nog nie veel aandag gekry het nie. Daar word aangetoon dat interpretasieprobleme rondom hierdie vereiste ontstaan as gevolg van die oënskynlike teenstrydigheid tussen die formulering van die openbare doel-vereiste in die Finale Grondwet en in die huidige Onteieningswet van 1975. Daar word geargumenteer dat pogings om die probleem op te los gefaal het omdat die Onteieningswetsontwerp 2008 teruggetrek is. Dit is daarom steeds onduidelik hoe die openbare doel-vereiste deur a 25(2) van die Grondwet, wat onteiening vir ‘n openbare doel of in die openbare belang toelaat, verander is. Hierdie oënskynlike gebrek aan sekerheid word bespreek met verwysing na die verskillende gevalle waarin eiendom onteien en dan aan derde partye oorgedra word. Regsvergelykende regspraak van Australië, Duitsland, die Verenigde Koninkryk, die Verenigde State van Amerika en die Europese Konvensie op Mensregte word oorweeg om te wys hoe ander regstelsels die openbare doel-vereiste in hulle grondwette of onteieningswetgewing interpreteer, spesifiek ten aansien van die oordrag van eiendom aan derde partye. In die laaste hoofstuk word aan die hand gedoen dat die Onteieningswetsontwerp weer ter tafel geneem moet word om die bewoording van die openbare doel-vereiste in die Onteieningswet in ooreenstemming met a 25(2) te bring. Daar word ook aan die hand gedoen dat onteiening vir oordrag aan derde partye in orde kan wees as dit ‘n geldige openbare doel of die openbare belang dien (bv omdat die derde party ‘n openbare diens lewer of in belang van grondhervorming), maar dat onteiening vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling streng hersien moet word om te verseker dat dit ‘n meer direkte en duidelike openbare belang dien as bloot om die ekonomie te stimuleer of om werk te skep.

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Stewart, Danielle. „Considering Parental Alienation When Assessing Best Interest of the Child“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2100.

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As the divorce rate in the United States remains steady at 50%, the last few decades have shown an increase in child custody disputes. Within these litigations, interparental conflict can reach high levels and incite behaviors that wreak havoc on the children who are caught in the middle. When considering custody arrangements, judges and other evaluators use the Best Interest of the Child Standard (BICS), a jurisdictionally-specific framework that examines several factors that contribute to a child’s health and well-being. Parents who allow their resentments to get the better of them sometimes engage in behavior that encourages their child to become alienated from the other parent, known as Parental Alienation (PA) —a form of psychological abuse that can result in emotional and behavioral consequences for the child. While some states investigate components relevant to PA during a BICS evaluation, none include criteria that directly addresses this construct. Therefore, to achieve the intended outcome of BICS, which is to create a custody arrangement that will best meet a child’s needs, recognizing and addressing the presence of PA within a family system is required.

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Beham, Markus. „Doctrinal Illusion and State Interest : an Analysis of 'Non-Treaty' Law for 'Moral Concepts'“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100078.

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La question principale de la présente thèse est celle de l’existence de « concepts moraux » – concepts poursuivant des fins altruistes plutôt qu’intéressées – en tant que droit non conventionnel, c’est à dire en tant que droit international coutumier ou principes généraux du droit. La question sera examinée en particulier dans le contexte du discours doctrinal afin de questionner le phénomène du constat trop rapide de leur existence.Le raisonnement se décline en trois étapes. Une série de questions préliminaires relatives à la Charte de l’ONU seront tout d’abord énoncées, elles serviront de cadre à la discussion. Ensuite suivront les sources du droit international non conventionnelles. Et enfin sera discuté l’élément essentiel des relations internationales qui sous-tend la question principale de cette thèse : l’intérêt de l’État. Cette dernière discussion sera illustrée par les exemples des droits de l’homme et de l’usage de la force pour raisons humanitaires
The main question of the thesis is whether ‘non-treaty’ law – that is customary international law and general principles of law – may exist for ‘moral concepts’ – ideas that follow an altruistic as opposed to a self-interested motivation. In particular, this possibility is discussed against the background of doctrinal discourse on the issue, in order to confront the casual assessment that this is the case. The argument is advanced in three steps. First, a row of preliminary questions under the UN-CHARTER is set out for further discussion. Second follow the ‘non-treaty’ sources of international law. Third stands the essential element of international relations underlying the main question of this thesis: state interest. The latter discussion is complemented by two case studies, one on human rights and one on humanitarian use of force
Die Forschungsfrage bezieht sich auf die Existenz von „moralischen Konzepten“ – also solchen, die einer altruistischen anstelle einer eigennützigen Motivation folgen – als Völkergewohnheitsrecht oder allgemeine Rechtsgrundsätze. Dabei wird die Frage insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund des Diskurses betrachtet, um der beiläufigen Feststellung deren Existenz entgegenzutreten.Die Argumentation folgt drei Schritten. Zu Beginn steht eine Reihe von Vorfragen in Bezug auf die Satzung der Vereinten Nationen als Rahmen für die weitere Diskussion. Zweitens werden das Völkergewohnheitsrecht und die allgemeinen Rechtsgrundsätze erläutert. Drittens wird das Staatsinteresse als essentielles Element der internationalen Beziehungen, das der Forschungsfrage zugrunde liegt, diskutiert. Abgerundet wird die Analyse durch zwei Fallstudien, eine zu Menschenrechten und eine zu humanitären Ausnahmen zum Gewaltverbot

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Zingano, Chitsanzo Ivy. „Challenges of safeguarding national interest in negotiating private investment contracts in Africa: case study on Malawi“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13028.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation seeks to examine how factors like weak and incoherent mining laws, weak governance, transparency and accountability measures, political influence and negotiating power negatively contribute to the negotiation of EDAs in the mining extractive industry of countries that are rich in mineral resources like Malawi. The analysis of these factors is to provide a better understanding why countries like Malawi enter into EDAs on containing terms and conditions that are against their national interest, which in the cases of these contracts are their social and economic development goals. The conclusion of EDAs by countries that want to further their economic development is not reflected in the terms they agree to. Thus the conclusion of these contracts fails to serve the underlying goal, which is to advance social and economic development.

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Kovaleva, Nadejda V. „Restructuring of European Union agriculture : enforcement and recognition of environmental interest“. Thesis, De Montfort University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391081.

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Arcangeli, Marco Kalim. „The prevention of conflict of interest as a fiduciary duty in South African Company Law“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77487.

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First, the nature, ambit and effect of the director’s fiduciary duty to prevent conflict of interest (“the fiduciary duty”) as it is statutorily set out in the Companies Act 71 of 2008 (the “Companies Act” or “Act”) will be canvassed. Secondly, it will be demonstrated that a proper understanding of the common law concepts underpinning the Act is essential for both a proper understanding and effective application of the fiduciary duty as found in the Act. Thereafter, the paper will set out and consider the distinction between the “no profit” and the “corporate opportunity” rules. Further, the paper will examine whether and to what extent the distinction is applied and maintained by our courts. Also, this paper will explore the operation of the fiduciary duty post-resignation of directors and senior company officials. Next, consideration will be given to liability for breach of the fiduciary duty and the relevant remedies flowing therefrom. The research methodology employed throughout will be a non-empirical comparative analysis of existing case law, legislation, and academic writings on the topic to contextualize the fiduciary duty and attempt to capture its essential elements at the legislated and common law levels. The choice of English and Canadian Law for a comparative study is motivated by the fact that common law origins of the duty and subsequent approach to the continued application thereof by the aforementioned jurisdictions.
Mini Dissertation (LLM (Corporate Law))--University of Pretoria 2020.
Mercantile Law
LLM (Corporate Law)
Unrestricted

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Spill, Rorie Lynne. „Fighting with one hand tied behind their back : the constraints of environment and structure on interest group litigation /“. The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487948807586142.

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46

Heim, Aileen F. „Preventing Personal Conflicts of Interest for Contractor Employees Performing Acquisition Functions| What Lessons Can Be Learned From This First Effort to Address Government Contractors Employees' Personal Conflicts of Interest“. Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1537342.

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Personal conflicts of interest among contractor employees are an increasingly visible and controversial area of U.S. Government contracting, given the U.S. Government’s expanded reliance on contractor personnel. On November 2, 2011, the FAR Council issued a final rule on preventing personal conflicts of interest for contractor employees performing acquisition functions and issued a request for information regarding whether other privately contracted services in addition to acquisition support present sufficient risk to the integrity of the U.S. Government procurement process to warrant additional regulation.

This paper will review the defects in the new rule; will evaluate what lessons can be learned from the new rule to enhance future rules governing the personal conflicts of interest of U.S. Government contractors’ employees; and recommend better integration of U.S. Government compliance regulations to include conflicts of interest rules, protection of proprietary information, and the mandatory disclosure rule to reduce contractor compliance cost and promote implementation efficiencies through integration.

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Becker, Kane Jenna. „Lobbying Justice: Exploring the Influence of Interest Groups in State High Courts“. Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/310221.

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Political Science
Ph.D.
Despite well documented evidence that both the level and diversity of amicus participation in state high courts have been growing, we know little about whether or under what conditions amicus briefs have an impact on court outcomes. This dissertation investigates how interest groups attempt to influence state supreme courts through their participation as amicus curiae. Using an original dataset assembled from content analysis of more than 2300 state supreme court decisions handed down between 1995 and 2010 and spanning three distinct areas of law - products liability, environmental law, and free speech/expression - I find that amicus briefs submitted by interest groups have the most influence over judicial outcomes in areas of law where interest groups routinely make large-scale donations to judicial campaigns. These results raise serious concerns about the influence of big money in judicial elections. The second part of this dissertation tests two competing theories of amicus influence to determine how state high court judges utilize amicus brief information in judicial decision making. The informational theory assumes the influence of amicus brief information to be evenly distributed across judges. However, theories of confirmation bias and motivated reasoning suggest that the information in amicus briefs may be received and evaluated differently depending upon the ideological predispositions of individual judges. Using multi-level modeling, I analyze the votes of more than 12,000 individual state high court judges to determine whether judge ideology conditions the influence of amicus briefs such that judges are more receptive to pro-attitudinal information contained in briefs from interest groups that share their predispositions. Results suggest that method of judicial retention and area of case law structures the mechanism of amicus brief influence. Amicus briefs appear to play an informational role in complex areas of case law but the presence of competitive judicial elections appear to alter the mechanism of amicus brief influence such that judicial responsiveness to amicus briefs is more closely tied to the reelection and campaign fundraising considerations of individual judges. The final portion of this dissertation investigates the case-level and court-level factors that attract interest group participation as amicus curiae in state high courts in order to better our understanding of interest group strategies when engaging state judiciaries. This paper tests the hypothesis that groups strategically target cases that will best serve the policy and institutional interests of the group, while focusing group resources on cases and courts where they are most likely to be successful. Results indicate that both liberal and conservative groups target state high courts that are elected through competitive and retention election processes rather than those that are appointed, suggesting that interest groups believe their influence will be greater with judges who are accountable to the public. Results also show that both liberal and conservative groups target courts from states that are ideologically sympathetic, but not necessarily from courts that are ideologically similar.
Temple University--Theses

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Hausegger, Lori Joanne. „The impact of interest groups on judicial decision making : a comparison of women's groups in the U.S. and Canada /“. The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488191124571516.

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Núñez, Rivas Silvia Ysabel. „When to pay Tax Moratorium Interest?“ Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117672.

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The present article discusses when the tax moratorium interest as part of the tax debt is generated, and which judicial way to discuss its payment. For this purpose, the author starts developing the explicit constitutional principles that are limits to the taxing power of the State; and then she makes a compilation of the judgments of the Constitutional Court regarding the application of the tax moratorium interests.
El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar la naturaleza del interés moratorio, haciendo presente que la misma forma parte de la deuda tributaria. Dentro del artículo, también se hace referencia a la vía judicial para discutir el pago del mismo. Para tal propósito, inicia desarrollando los principios constitucionales explícitos que sirven de límites al poder tributario del Estado; y luego se centra en analizar la naturaleza restitutoria del mismo, teniendo como base tanto los dispositivos legales como las sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional respecto a la aplicación del interés moratorio tributario.

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Frey, Marcel. „The Swiss and the South African Public Interest Tests in Competition Law - Two Systems compared“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4616.

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This paper will illustrate the South African and Swiss Competition Acts with a specific focus on the public interest consideration common to both. It will investigate if and how political considerations enter into the weighting of the abstract term of public interest and whether South Africa as the less developed country can learn anything from the Swiss system. In order to arrive at a better understanding of the two countries' systems, this paper will include a short introduction to the historical development of competition law in both countries as well as a description of their respective legislative backgrounds. I will then analyse the various decisions, which have been handed down by the competition authorities, specifically with regard to the public interest grounds inherent in both systems. The thesis will deal mainly with South African merger control cases, where the South African Competition Act expressly requires a balancing of public interest with commercial and competition interests. Unlike the situation in Switzerland, there is an abundance of case law on these issues in South Africa. I will attempt to distil the relevant discernable rules or consistent approaches in both countries' decisions.

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