Zeitschriftenartikel: „Interdependence of activities“

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Zhang, Xiaodan, Yanping Gong und Luluo Peng. „The impact of interdependence on behavioral engagement in online communities“. Marketing Intelligence & Planning 38, Nr. 4 (12.03.2020): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-05-2019-0285.

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PurposeOnline communities are increasingly important for organizations and marketers. However, the issue of how structural features of online communities affect consumers' behavioral engagement remains relatively unexplored. The purpose of this study is to examine how and why different types of interdependence within online communities (i.e. task/outcome interdependence) influence individual engagement in group activities, thereby providing insights regarding online community design.Design/methodology/approachTwo surveys were conducted with two online groups in China. One is a task-interdependent group from Douban Forum, and the other is an outcome-interdependent group from Sina Forum. A total of 159 valid responses from the task-interdependent group and 162 valid responses from the outcome-interdependent group were received. We analyzed the data using multivariate regression with Smart PLS and SPSS.FindingsThe results reveal that both task and outcome interdependence are positively related to individual behavioral engagement in online group behavior, and collective efficacy mediates the aforementioned effects. In addition, task complexity moderates the relationship between task interdependence and individual behavioral engagement; communication within group moderates the relationship between outcome interdependence and behavioral engagement, and the effect is mediated by collective efficacy.Originality/valueThis study is the first to investigate the role of an important factor of group structure, namely, interdependence, in fueling individual behavioral engagement in online communities. The results shed light on companies' design strategies to develop and retain online community members and also provide important insights for researchers interested in social network marketing.

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Sianca, Aniela Garay, Sarah G. Nurre, Carlos L. Castro Salas und Humberto R. Alvarez A. „Data Processing on Large Interdependent Networks: An Application for Infrastructure Preparedness, and Restoration“. KnE Engineering 3, Nr. 1 (11.02.2018): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v3i1.1450.

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This paper presents a method for validating and transforming data for use in interdependent infrastructure network analysis. Critical infrastructure are interdependent on each other for delivery of services and execution of restoration activities. These interdependencies make infrastructure systems vulnerable to extreme events and highlights the needs for preparedness and response plans. Optimization models have been used to create effective plans using interdependent infrastructure networks. These models require accurate input data. However, many data sources have inconsistencies or errors which inhibit the ability to use such optimization models. This work identifies common errors in input network data and provides a method for processing and correcting these errors. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method on data representing the transportation network in Juan Diaz town, in Panama. Keywords: Data processing, network, infrastructure, interdependence.

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Cavallari, Lilia. „Macroeconomic Interdependence with Trade and Multinational Activities“. Review of International Economics 16, Nr. 3 (August 2008): 537–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2008.00744.x.

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Rezende, Sérgio Fernando Loureiro. „Multinationals and interdependence in internationalisation processes“. Revista de Administração Contemporânea 10, spe (2006): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-65552006000500002.

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This article deals with interdependence and the internationalisation process of multinationals (MNCs); a topic that has received scarce attention in the literature (e.g. Bell & Young, 1998; Holm et al., 1995). By reviewing the literature on behavioural models of internationalisation, initially, the article suggests that MNCs should be regarded as loosely coupled systems in which independence and interdependence of operations shape how MNCs evolve and organise activities across borders. Subsequently, the article models the internationalisation process of MNCs by highlighting three dimensions that characterise their pattern of evolution - uniformity, direction and rhythm, and lays out three hypotheses on the relationship between these dimensions and interdependence. The direction of the relationship is suggested to be negative, i.e., other things being equal, interdependence is negatively related to uniformity, direction and the rhythm of the internationalisation processes. The article concludes by claiming that the internationalisation of MNCs results from an intricate combination of independent, yet interdependent, internationalisation processes that evolve in various spatial and temporal contexts within the MNC network.

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Negru, Ion, und Radu Negru. „The interdependence between production management and logistics“. Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Ekonomìka 10, Nr. 20 (2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2822-2020-10-20-25-30.

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Modern trends in production management have increased the importance of the time factor in both production and logistics. However, there is much less room for maneuver in production than in logistics. Therefore, to reduce the duration of the main production cycle, many companies are trying to improve intra-production logistics by introducing new technologies and logistics systems. Of decisive importance for production management is the activity of supplying the necessary materials, including logistics operations. In this context, it is worth mentioning that at the present stage the basic links between production management and logistics have been concentrated by specialists in a new field that has been defined as logistics management. According to the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, “Logistics management is an integration function that coordinates and optimizes all logistics activities, as well as integrates logistics activities with other functions, including marketing, sales production, finance and information technology”(Supply Chain Management Definitions and Glossary, 2020). We believe that the concept of logistics management best meets all the links between production management and logistics.

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Crystal, David S., Miki Kakinuma, Matthew DeBell, Hiroshi Azuma und Takahiro Miyashita. „Who helps you? Self and other sources of support among youth in Japan and the USA“. International Journal of Behavioral Development 32, Nr. 6 (November 2008): 496–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408095554.

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Japanese and U.S. sixth, eighth, and tenth graders ( N = 2141) responded to questionnaires asking whom they depended on in six contexts of need. These contexts were: morning awakening, physical illness, emotional upset, help with homework, causing a problem, and guidance in extracurricular activities. Findings indicated that, relative to culture, contextual effects exerted an equally if not more powerful effect on students' responses. In line with traditional cross-national theorizing, U.S. youth were, overall, more self-reliant than their Japanese peers. In contrast to such theorizing, U.S. students were more interdependent with family, and Japanese students were more interdependent with peers, than their counterparts in the other country. Furthermore, both Japanese and U.S. youth showed similar age-related decreases in interdependence with family and increases in interdependence with peers. Results are discussed in terms of active dyadic help-seeking versus conceptualized notions of social identity, and recent theories of development, culture, and the self.

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Gatti, Corrado, Loredana Volpe und Gianluca Vagnani. „Interdependence among productive activities: Implications for exploration and exploitation“. Journal of Business Research 68, Nr. 3 (März 2015): 711–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.07.011.

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Reber, Bernard. „Critique, participation et démocratie“. Eco-ethica 8 (2019): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ecoethica20206227.

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The problem of interdependence is crucial for understanding the climate, with its interactions between land, water, and atmosphere, as well as with human activities, past and future. The concept of interdependence expresses two types of relationship, that of causality and that of responsibility. For the problems of climate governance as understood as a statistical average in the Conferences of the parties (COP), causal dependence is impossible to reconstruct precisely, notably because of the complexity of these phenomena. However, dependence does not only concern the domain of being, falling within the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the human descriptive predictive. It also concerns the ought-to-be and therefore the normative sciences (ethics, political theory, law, and normative economy). Here interdependence is much more problematic since it is opposed to freedom. This article discusses the various interdependencies and political solutions that are offered to take care of this needs, architectures for discussing climate change politically: systems (N. Luhmann) and deliberation (J. Habermas). It then proposes another solution, that of moral and political consideration.

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Živkov, Dejan, Jovan Njegić und Marko Pećanac. „Multiscale interdependence between the major agricultural commodities“. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 2 (27.02.2019): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/147/2018-agricecon.

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This paper investigates multiscale dynamic interconnection between the five agricultural commodities – corn, wheat, soybean, rice and oats, covering more than 18 years period. For research purposes, two complementary methodologies were used – wavelet coherence and phase difference. Low coherence is present at shorter time-horizons, while at longer time-horizons high coherence areas are found, but they are not widespread in all wavelet coherence plots. These results speak in favour of diversification opportunities. Strong coherence in longer time-horizons indicates that common factors are likely to be the main determinants of the agricultural prices in the long-run. On the other hand, rare high coherence areas at lower scales suggest that monetary and financial activities are most likely the causes that have affected the comovements of the grain prices in the short-term horizons. Phase difference discloses a relatively stable pattern between corn-soybean, corn-wheat, rice-oats and oats-soybean in the longer time-horizons. Taking into account investors’ diversification benefits and the leading (lagging) connections in long-run, corn and oats are the most appropriate cereals to be combined in an n-asset portfolio, since these two cereals constantly and very steadily lag soybean, whereas strong coherence between corn and oats does not frequently occur in all wavelet scales.

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Malykhina, I. O. „Research of Interrelation and Interdependence of Innovative and Investment Activities“. Bulletin of Ural Federal University. Series Economics and Management 18, Nr. 6 (2019): 854–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2019.18.6.041.

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Ratajczak-Mrozek, Milena, und Magdalena Herbeć. „To be independent or balance interdependence?“ IMP Journal 10, Nr. 2 (13.06.2016): 260–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imp-08-2015-0048.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify in what way micro and small firms from low-technology industries which are dependent on foreign companies can ensure that they derive benefits from these relationships and what is more, in what way government policy should support this. Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal study of a furniture company has been used. The company’s relationship with its large foreign customer is analysed from the perspective of the market-oriented power dependence and the IMP interdependence concept. Additionally the secondary sources of information about Polish furniture industry have been used in order to present its international specificity. Findings – The analysis shows that micro and small firms may derive benefits from their relationships with foreign entities due to their flexibility and the creation of heavy resources based on the standards of cooperation. Policies supporting exports and internationalisation cannot be isolated activities which end with the creation of foreign contacts and initiating transactions. Policy makers should concentrate on the support of the knowledge and experience exchange in terms of maintaining contacts with foreign entities as well as creation of a favourable framework of conditions for companies. Practical implications – The recommendations may be applied to design a policy supporting micro and small enterprises representing low-technology industries from economies with a limited internal market. Originality/value – The paper compares the perspective of a market-orientated power-dependency concept with the IMP interdependency approach. This sheds a light by adding an analysis of how to best utilise interdependencies on both sides of the supplier-customer interface. Both opportunities and hindrances resulting from the relationship between small firms and larger foreign companies are highlighted. Thanks to this approach a discussion is conducted in order to illustrate the policy implications of supporting micro and small enterprises from low-technology industries.

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Lo, L. „Destination Interdependence and the Competing-Destinations Model“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, Nr. 8 (August 1992): 1191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a241191.

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There are two types of destination interdependence; one arises because of people's preferences towards destination activities, and the other because of the locational arrangement of space. Destination interdependence affects spatial behaviour. In a previous paper it was shown that the conventional gravity model can handle neither aspect of destination interdependence. In this paper it is shown that the competing-destinations model, as a reformulated gravity prototype, is at best able to describe only locational structure effects.

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Kozachenko, Ganna, Taina Zavora und Liudmyla Shapoval. „Lombard activities and social security of the country: interrelation and interdependence“. Independent Journal of Management & Production 11, Nr. 8 (01.05.2020): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v11i8.1219.

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The place and value of pawnshops in the financial market are considered in the article. The main indicators of activity of pawnshops are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of using the pawnshop services by the population are substantiated. The growth rate of pawnshop activity in Ukraine is determined on the basis of the method of estimating the integral indicator. The nature and specifics of the influence of social security indicators on the activity of pawnshops in Ukraine by means of correlation analysis are revealed. In the constructed econometric model, the factors that influence are the social security indicators of the country and the dependent values are indicators of pawnshop activity. The obtained results revealed a significant correlation between the social security indicators of the country and the indicators of pawnshop activity. The detail of the analysis showed the greatest correlation between the pawnshops' performance and the social security indicator – the ratio of the average monthly nominal wage to the subsistence level for one able-bodied person.

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de Faria, Pedro, und Francisco Lima. „Interdependence and spillovers: is firm performance affected by others’ innovation activities?“ Applied Economics 44, Nr. 36 (08.09.2011): 4765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.560108.

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Smith, Walter. „Understanding students’ global interdependence in science instruction“. Journal of Global Education and Research 5, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2021): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2577-509x.5.2.1108.

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Multiple American educational organizations such as the National Education Association, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, and the Council of Chief State School Officers have advocated for globalizing the K-12 curriculum. The National Science Teaching Association (NSTA) in a position statement on international education and the Next Generation Science Standards have produced goals and standards for internationalizing the science curriculum by addressing topics such as climate change, environment, and disease that cross borders. In contrast to those pronouncements on the curriculum, this article views global science education through an instructional lens that focuses on a students’ global interdependence in science continuum allowing researchers and casual observers to classify science classroom activities into one of five stages based on the interdependence during instruction of students in two or more countries. At the continuum’s lowest stage labeled isolated, instruction is contained within a classroom with students having no interaction with students in another country. At the highest end called collaborate, students in two or more countries are working jointly to co-create a solution to the task before them. This science education continuum can also be used to categorize technology and engineering activities and could be adapted for use in other curricular areas including mathematics, language arts, and social studies, used as a tool to complement scholarship about a range of education topics from social justice to curriculum to student motivation, or inform pre- and in-service teacher education.

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Harada, Tsutomu. „Managing Innovation Probabilities: Core-driven vs. Bottleneck-removing Innovations“. Business and Management Studies 1, Nr. 2 (11.06.2015): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v1i2.875.

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This paper provides a simplified framework of focusing devices that generate different patterns of innovation, i.e., core-driven and bottleneck-removing innovations, and discusses the managerial implications. We show that core-driven innovation should be undertaken when technology components are independent (independent technology system), while bottleneck-removing innovation should be pursued when they are interdependent (interdependent technology system). Different types of focusing device should therefore be adopted based primarily on the degree of interdependence among technology components, which in turn maximizes underlying innovation probabilities. One of the implications of the results is that the effective management of innovation is made possible when innovative activities and corresponding focusing devices are appropriately arranged and coordinated to maximize innovation probability. We discuss these managerial challenges in terms of incentives, governance, and competitive strategies.

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Miletic, Radmila. „Global interdependence and restructuring of industrial production“. Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 88, Nr. 2 (2008): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0802051m.

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The main objective of this paper is to emphasize particular aspects in connection with deindustrialization and globalization processes during transformation of the economic structure in postindustrial age. Conceptions and main features of globalization are presented, i.e. growing interdependence on the global level, then primary characteristics of industrial globalization as one of the forms of globalization process, and in general some brief considerations about the influence of the economic globalization on deindustrialization. In modern economic environment, transformation of production includes, besides other structural changes, modification of the geography of manufacturing and new industrial space - development of the newly industrializing countries, and new spatial forms of production allocation and possibilities for linking of various activities and services (technopolis, industrial, technology and science park, etc.).

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Sadgui, Rachid, und Mohamed Benchekara. „Cooperation in Incremental Innovation Activities“. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 9, Nr. 3 (Juli 2018): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2018070104.

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This paper analyses the impact of cooperation strategies on incremental innovation capacity, and the determinants of the cooperative arrangements for innovation. More precisely, the authors identify the cooperation strategies that should be preferred in the case of incremental innovation and the determinants of cooperation for innovation, depending on the partner with whom cooperation is established. The data they use come from the National Innovation Survey. The authors' results suggest, on the one hand, that incremental innovation is achieved through vertical and institutional cooperation (except universities). On the other hand, it has proved that there are complementarities between the various cooperation strategies for innovation and that the determinants of cooperation differ significantly between partners. Furthermore, the results confirm the interdependence of cooperation strategies revealing heterogeneity in the determinants of cooperation strategies. These findings and their implications are discussed.

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Van Gasse, Roos, Marije Lesterhuis, San Verhavert, Renske Bouwer, Jan Vanhoof, Peter Van Petegem und Sven De Maeyer. „Encouraging professional learning communities to increase the shared consensus in writing assessments“. Journal of Professional Capital and Community 4, Nr. 4 (21.10.2019): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpcc-08-2018-0021.

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Purpose The Flemish Examination Centre designed an intervention to establish a professional learning community on the topic of writing assessment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of this intervention and explain how this intervention succeeded in establishing a professional learning community. Design/methodology/approach A mixed method design was used to answer the research questions. Quantitative analysis of comparative judgement data provided insight into the effects of the intervention. More specifically was analysed whether examiners judged more in line after the intervention. Qualitative analysis of the conversations within the intervention served to examine how interdependent examiners behaved in the professionalisation exercises and to gain insight into how a professional learning community was established. Findings The analysis showed that the intervention of the Flemish Examination Centre facilitated the formation of a professional learning community. This was visible in the quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis showed that highly interdependent activities were helpful in establishing the professional learning community. Practical implications This study shows that interactions of high interdependence are beneficial to facilitate professional learning communities. Originality/value This study shows that the assessment data can guide a well-thought out design of interventions to establish professional learning communities among assessors. Assessment data can be a guidance for supportive group constellations and discussions to improve assessment practices. The key in this regard lies in the level of interdependence that is created among participants.

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Duarte, Filipe AP, Maria Jose Madeira, Dulcineia Catarina Moura, Joao Carvalho und Jacinta Raquel Miguel Moreira. „Barriers to innovation activities as determinants of ongoing activities or abandoned“. International Journal of Innovation Science 9, Nr. 3 (04.09.2017): 244–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-01-2017-0006.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyses barriers as a determinant of ongoing or abandoned innovation activities. The literature exploits barriers as the nature of innovation and its influence on firm’s. The main focus is the Portuguese SMEs and the impacts that act as barriers in the development of innovation activities. Design/methodology/approach The database was obtained through the Community Innovation Survey 2010 (CIS 2010) that was coordinated by EUROSTAT. In this sense, a logistic regression model is proposed, which makes it possible to analyse the relations between three or more variables, depending on whether the relationship is one of dependence or interdependence, thus allowing the application of distinct statistical techniques, using 6,160 firms Findings There are several sources of information that are associated with the development of innovation projects. Practical implications The importance of barriers to the development of innovation activities, as well as it being a decisive factor in the impediment to and abandon of the same, was noted. Originality/value This study also demonstrated that each case is different and that a barrier in one firm can at the same time be a window of opportunity for another firm.

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Chuang, Wen-Bin, und Hui-lin Lin. „Interdependence between Overseas and Domestic R&D Activities: Evidence from Taiwanese Multinationals“. Asian Economic Journal 24, Nr. 4 (30.11.2010): 305–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8381.2010.02041.x.

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Kim, Minyoung, Curba Morris Lampert und Raja Roy. „Regionalization of R&D activities: (Dis)economies of interdependence and inventive performance“. Journal of International Business Studies 51, Nr. 7 (12.03.2020): 1054–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00314-0.

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TREMPY, JANINE E., MONICA M. SKINNER und WILLIAM A. SIEBOLD. „Learning Microbiology Through Cooperation: Designing Cooperative Learning Activities that Promote Interdependence, Interaction, and Accountability“. Microbiology Education 3, Nr. 1 (Mai 2002): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/me.3.1.26-36.2002.

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A microbiology course and its corresponding learning activities have been structured according to the Cooperative Learning Model. This course, The World According to Microbes , integrates science, math, engineering, and technology (SMET) majors and non-SMET majors into teams of students charged with problem solving activities that are microbial in origin. In this study we describe development of learning activities that utilize key components of Cooperative Learning—positive interdependence, promotive interaction, individual accountability, teamwork skills, and group processing. Assessments and evaluations over an 8-year period demonstrate high retention of key concepts in microbiology and high student satisfaction with the course.

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Joglekar, Prafulla. „Industry Investment in Basic Research Assuming Interdependence of Benefits from Appropriable and Inappropriable Activities“. Management Science 36, Nr. 2 (Februar 1990): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.36.2.224.

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TREMPY, JANINE E., MONICA M. SKINNER und WILLIAM A. SIEBOLD. „Learning Microbiology Through Cooperation: Designing Cooperative Learning Activities that Promote Interdependence, Interaction, and Accountability“. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education 3, Nr. 1 (01.05.2002): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/154288102x14285807693547.

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Chatterjee, Abha, Sasanka Sekhar Chanda und Sougata Ray. „Administration of an organization undergoing change“. International Journal of Organizational Analysis 26, Nr. 4 (03.09.2018): 691–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-07-2017-1202.

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Purpose This paper aims to develop conceptual arguments questioning the efficacy of administration by the transaction cost economics (TCE) approach in an organization undergoing a major change. Design/methodology/approach The focus is on three distinct dimensions of organizational life where, as per prior research, TCE is likely to be inadequate: interdependence across transactions, high reliance on managerial foresight and inseparability of administrative decisions made at different points in time. Findings The climate of coercion and surveillance engendered by administration based on TCE approaches – that punishes deviation from goals, even when they are framed on inadequate knowledge – forestalls creative problem-solving that is necessary to address unforeseen developments that arise during change implementation. Fiat accomplishes within-group compliance in the change project sub-teams, but between-group interdependencies tend to be neglected, hampering organizational effectiveness. Moreover, attempts to create independent spheres of accountability for concurrent fiats regarding pre-existing and new commitments breed inefficiency and wastage. Research limitations/implications The malevolent aspects of TCE-based administration contribute to organizational dysfunctions like escalation of commitment and developing of silos in organizations. Practical implications To succeed in effecting a major organizational change, meaningful relaxation of demands for delivering on prior goals is required, along with forbearance of errors made during trial-and-error learning. Originality/value TCE-based administration is deleterious to an organization attempting a major change. Supremacy accorded to resolution of conflicts in distinct hierarchical relationships by the mechanism of fiat fails to address the needs of an organizational reality where multiple groups are engaged in a set of interdependent activities and where multiple, interdependent organizational imperatives need to be concurrently served.

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Ганьшина, Галина, Galina Ganshina, Надежда Чаус und Nadezhda Chaus. „National artistic trades in Russia“. Service & Tourism: Current Challenges 8, Nr. 1 (31.03.2014): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3412.

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National artistic trades as important element of culture and houshold activities are considered in the article. There is shown interdependence of natural and climatic, geographic, economical and social specifics of national artistic trades development in Russia. Maps of crafts in different federal regions are presented.

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Shulskyi, M. „Management functions: their unity and interdependence in the processes of activity“. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, Nr. 93 (16.11.2019): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9312.

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In the article the detailed functions of management are investigated both in the general interpretation and in the context of their classification into general and specific. The research process takes into account the achievements of well-known researchers in this field of public relations, one of which is, Hamilton Church is shown in the epigraph to this publication, and its fruitful activities are shown in Table 1. The research materials for the selected topic are presented in a logical sequence. Thus, in particular, information on management functions and their role in different spheres of activity is shown in Table 2 (materials on the essence of basic management functions are also presented here); Table 3 provides information on specific management functions and their classification. It focuses on the features that are most used in their classification. Studies of the dialectical interrelation of general and specific management functions, their results are presented in Table 4. The answers to the questions we have formed fully reveal these interrelations. The conclusions follow from the results of the conducted research. They have some theoretical and practical significance. Implementation of the presented proposals in production conditions will increase the efficiency of management activities.

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Ramdhani, Fajri Zulia, Busro Busro und Abdul Wasik. „The Hindu-Muslim Interdependence: A Study of Balinese Local Wisdom“. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 28, Nr. 2 (30.11.2020): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ws.28.2.6769.

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Muslim communities in the Hindu-majority area of Bali have existed since the 15th century. Since that period, the interdependence between the two religious communities has been something inevitable. This study aims to enrich the treasures of the interdependence discourse that exists between Muslims and Hindus in Bali. It tries to trace the history and early development of Islam in Bali, the relation pattern between Muslims and Hindus, and local wisdom influencing the interdependence in Bali. Data for this study were obtained through observations and interviews with key figures in Klungkung, Bali. After profound analysis, the writer concludes that the emergence of Islam in Bali occurred when Dalem Ketut Ngelesir (1380-1460) visited Majapahit during the vassal royal conference in early 1380 and brought 40 Muslim escorts. This period also marked the early Hindus-Muslim relationship in Bali with Klungkung as the first area with the Muslim community. Later, the relationship between Hindus and Muslims was maintained in the four consecutive periods: kingdom, colonization, post-independence, and the present. Among the local wisdom that has influenced the interdependence and integration between the two religious communities are megibung, ngejot, and religious activities such as the birth of Prophet Muhammad SAW., Nyepi, odalan, takbiran, and Eid al-Fitr.

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Mesjasz-Lech, Agata, und Pál Michelberger. „Sustainable Waste Logistics and the Development of Trade in Recyclable Raw Materials in Poland and Hungary“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 15 (01.08.2019): 4159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154159.

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This article aims to propose a methodological framework to determine the degree of the dynamic impact of the effect of activities in the field of sustainable waste logistics on the development of trade in recyclable raw materials in the chosen countries of the European Union, especially in Poland and Hungary. In order to determine the dynamic interdependence between the indicated phenomena, econometric tools associated with the vector autoregression model were used, namely: Granger causality tests, impulse response function and variance decomposition of forecast errors. The tools used will not only identify the direction of the causal interdependence between the effects of sustainable logistics activities and the development of trade in recyclable raw materials, but also allow to determine the strength of the interaction between these variables. The conducted research shows that changes in the environmental effects of waste logistics activities are the Granger cause of changes occurring in the trade of renewable raw materials, especially in Hungary. Considering adequately delayed values of the synthetic development measure of the environmental effects of waste logistics increases the accuracy of predictions for changes in the trade of recyclable raw materials.

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Croley, Steven P., und John H. Jackson. „WTO Dispute Procedures, Standard of Review, and Deference to National Governments“. American Journal of International Law 90, Nr. 2 (April 1996): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203683.

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Increasing international economic interdependence is obviously becoming a growing challenge to governments, which are frustrated by their limited capacities to regulate or control cross-border economic activities. Many subjects trigger this frustration, including interest rates, various fraudulent or criminal activities, product standards, consumer protection, environmental issues and prudential concerns for financial services. Although it has been said that “all politics is local,” it has also been said, with considerable justification, that “all economics is international.”

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Levytskyi, Viktor. „THE OPTIMIZATION OF SYSTEM FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISE BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENTS IN ITS MARKETING ACTIVITIES“. Economic journal of Lesia Ukrainka Eastern European National University 2, Nr. 18 (04.06.2019): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2411-4014-2019-02-101-108.

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The article describes the main issues of formation and optimization of the system of financial management of enterprise based on the analysis of investments in its marketing activities. Analyzed theoretical approaches to the financial management of the business and its interdependence with investment analysis and marketing activities of enterprises. Investigated basic indicators of efficiency of investments into marketing activities of the company. Developed scheme of optimization of system of financial management based on the analysis of investments in its marketing activities, consisting of three levels of indicators, namely: financial management, analysis of investments in marketing activities and other indicators. Revealed advantages and disadvantages of this optimization scheme.

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Sirageldin, Ismail. „Global Interdependence, Privatisation of Risk and Human Development (The Quaid-i-Azam Memorial Lecture)“. Pakistan Development Review 39, Nr. 4 (01.12.2000): 313–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v39i4pp.313-336.

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The paper focuses on how patterns and modes of global interdependence combined with the privatisation of risk, influence human development. International finance plays an important developmental role. However, the privatisation of risk, a result of increasingly unregulated and liberalised financial markets, tend to create speculative activities with major negative systemic effects that hinder positive human development, especially in the developing countries. However, sustainable human development requires more than financial stability. Internally oriented socioeconomic and political reforms (IOSR) are essential for the developing countries, especially in the present phase of their demographic transition. Such reforms could provide both resilience and adaptive capacity for societies to cope in an environment of increased interdependence, the article concludes.

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Padungsaksawasdi, Chaiyuth, Sirimon Treepongkaruna und Robert Brooks. „Investor Attention and Stock Market Activities: New Evidence from Panel Data“. International Journal of Financial Studies 7, Nr. 2 (12.06.2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs7020030.

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Using the panel vector autoregression (VAR) method, this paper documents relationships between investor attention and stock market activities; i.e., return, volatility, and trading volume, respectively. In sum, bidirectional dynamic interdependence of the SVI–stock market activities relationship exists, in which the SVI–trading volume relationship shows the strongest evidence. This is consistent with prior literature using trading volume as a proxy of investor attention. However, the relationships in the developed and developing markets are statistically significantly different. The stock markets in the developed markets over-react more to the search volume than those in the developing markets. We postulate that investor attention is one of the key elements in asset pricing in stock markets.

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Dellermann, Dominik, Alexander Fliaster und Michael Kolloch. „Innovation risk in digital business models: the German energy sector“. Journal of Business Strategy 38, Nr. 5 (18.09.2017): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-07-2016-0078.

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Purpose Past research demonstrated that novel IT-based business models generate tremendous returns for innovators. However, the risks associated with these innovations remain under-explored. This paper aims to address this critical gap analyzing risks and offering important insights particularly for practitioners. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted an exploratory multiple-case study research design. It draws on 22 semi-structured interviews with managers from leading energy utilities, as well as leading providers of virtual power plants technology within the German energy industry. Findings The research reveals that main risks in new digital business models in the energy sector are associated with three forms of interdependence between innovation actors: the regulatory, the technological and the collaborative. To deal with these interdependencies, the authors propose an original multi-step risk management framework. This framework considers the outreach as a critical dimension for risk assessment and offers a new risk response matrix to draw individual and collective mitigation activities for specific types of risks. Practical implications This paper offers a framework for the management of interdependence risks that are fundamental for business model innovations based on IT. Thus, it is applicable in companies both inside the energy sector and beyond. Originality/value This paper analyzes an important digital business model innovation that has not yet been explored in management literature – the virtual power plant (VPP). It is based on original and current empirical work and proposes a novel risk management framework for business organizations.

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Станіслав Пономаренко. „INTERDEPENDENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION“. Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Modern School, Nr. 2(4) (04.09.2020): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2706-6258.2(4).2020.223057.

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The article considers the main stages of the education system development, revealing the presence of an ecological component in it, reveals the relationship between environmental culture and environmental education. It is established that the education system still does not include as particularly important goals of personal knowledge and skills that shape its environmental culture, although the role of the latter in the formation of the value system of modern society is becoming increasingly important. The key to the formation of ecological culture is the education system, which, accumulating the achievements of science and practice, is able to change the way of life, human activity and society as a whole in accordance with the changes taking place in the biosphere. The effect of advancement in environmental education includes a number of basic characteristics, the implementation of which will result in an increase in the overall level of environmental culture. Environmental education is initiated by UNESCO (“Planet Survival Program”), the process of “landscaping” receives a theoretical basis and implementation in pedagogical practice, the credo of which is “to prepare people for dialogue with nature”. The public, concerned about the weakening of public attention to environmental education, is taking steps to change the situation to strengthen general environmental training in secondary and higher education, as an integral part of raising the level of environmental culture of the younger generation. It is proved that the family is the main center of society, the ecological component of which can be realized as parents, other family members are open to environmental problems. Preschools are designed to continue to perform the same function. With a favorable course of the process up to 5‒6 years, children form an idea of the relationship of natural phenomena with human activities. Underestimation of the role of this stage of the educational process distorts the perception of environmental problems in the future. New opportunities are concluded in the next stage of environmental education ‒ school and university. This is the main unit of the environmental education system.

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ROUT, SANJAY KUMAR, und HRUSHIKESH MALLICK. „INTERNATIONAL MACROECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND ITS INTERACTION: EVIDENCE FROM US, JAPAN, GERMANY, CHINA, INDIA AND RUSSIA“. Global Economy Journal 20, Nr. 02 (Juni 2020): 2050008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2194565920500086.

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Using the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) spillover method, this study attempts to evaluate the strength and direction of cross-country interactions of macroeconomic activity across US, Japan, Germany, China, India and Russia. Apart from a base model, it frames two alternative models; one is based on principal component analysis (PCA) incorporating important macroeconomic variables from each country and another model is based on industrial production index; both evaluate the robustness of our empirical findings. It finds that 62% of variations in growth rates of all six countries are due to their mutual interdependence among them and it also reflects that the emerging economies like China and Russia take the lead in influencing foreign economic activities. It suggests that the concrete policy action is required to diversify the international market interdependency of a domestic economy as it may jeopardise the macroeconomic stability when uncertainty is generated in foreign economies. The empirical analysis is found to be robust.

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Noruzoliaee, Mohamadhossein, und Bo Zou. „Airfield Infrastructure Management Using Network-Level Optimization and Stochastic Duration Modeling“. Infrastructures 4, Nr. 1 (02.01.2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4010002.

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This paper proposes a facility-specific modeling approach to plan maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) activities on a network of airport runway pavement facilities. The objective of the modeling approach is to minimize system M&R cost while recommending M&R activities for each runway pavement facility over a planning horizon. To do so, pavement condition forecast is derived from estimating stochastic duration models which capture the inherent uncertainty and dynamics in pavement deterioration and impacts of exogenous factors. Building on the pavement condition forecast, a network optimization-based M&R planning framework is developed which accounts for the interdependence of M&R activities among facilities as reflected in (1) the requirement for aggregate pavement performance and (2) simultaneous implementation of a major M&R action on connected facilities. The budget constraint is also respected. The M&R planning framework with the stochastic duration model-based pavement condition forecast is applied to Chicago O’Hare International Airport. It is found that the proposed approach leads to much reduced M&R cost compared to the state-of-the-practice which does not consider the interdependence of M&R activities among different pavement facilities. On the other hand, accounting for the simultaneous implementation of a major M&R action on connected facilities would substantially increase M&R cost.

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Peimann, C. J. „Modeling Hospital Information Systems with Petri Nets“. Methods of Information in Medicine 27, Nr. 01 (Januar 1988): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635515.

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SummaryIn the development of hospital information systems it is difficult to describe data and activities simultaneously and equivalently. Most of the methods used so far are only suitable for either data structures or functional modeling. In particular, it is not possible to comprehend the functional interdependence of hospital procedures.In this paper it is shown that Petri Nets are well suited for the development of complex software systems. Their exceptional properties are, on the one hand, the simulative capacities which allow to visualize interlinked and interdependent procedures of the real world. On the other hand, it is pointed out that Petri Nets comply with the demands of software engineering. In order to make these characteristics clear, two models from real developments are used: Firstly the organizational model of a small hospital and secondly the model of the data entry in the follow-up of tumor patients.

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Gruen, Thomas W., John O. Summers und Frank Acito. „Relationship Marketing Activities, Commitment, and Membership Behaviors in Professional Associations“. Journal of Marketing 64, Nr. 3 (Juli 2000): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.64.3.34.18030.

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The authors conceptualize and empirically examine professional associations’ relationship-building efforts (core services performance, rewards for contributions, dissemination of organizational knowledge, member interdependence enhancement activities, and reliance on external membership requirements) that are theorized to enhance their membership's commitment to the relationship as well as the membership's relationship behaviors. Three components of commitment—affective, continuance, and normative—are theorized to mediate differentially the correlation between the associations’ relationship-building efforts and their members’ relationship behaviors (membership retention, exchange-based participation, and cooperatively based coproduction). Confirmatory factor analysis validates the commitment measures, and structural equations analysis indicates that normative and affective commitment partially mediate the effects of selected relationship-building efforts on coproduction and member participation. Core services performance was the only construct in the model found to affect member retention.

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Rubesa, Rajko, Tin Matulja, Marko Hadjina und Niksa Fafandjel. „New Approach for Ship Drawing Planning Based on Their Reliability“. Journal of Ship Production and Design 36, Nr. 04 (13.11.2020): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.11180042.

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Integration of ship design and ship production is necessary for an efficient shipbuilding process, although it requires very complex documentation planning in particular regarding its level of information and the completion scheduling. Optimally organized documentation planning could largely influence the shipbuilding total cost and lead time. Drawings finished with higher level of unreliability are shortening design phase but could result with major repair and rework activities that could increase production time and cost. On the other hand, insisting on fully completed drawings will increase design-stage time and will minimize repair and rework activities, but not necessarily the shipbuilding cost and lead time. This study researches drawing designing sequence and its unreliability due to designing with unknown, incomplete, or unreliable information. Therefore, analysis of documentation planning is performed based on their interdependence, production requirements, production technology level, and labor costs. Finally, a new approach for ship's drawings planning based on the drawing's reliability is proposed with support of developed computer application. Such approach calculates unreliability of interdependent drawings and proposes optimal documentation package regarding its level of information and lunching sequence toward production process.

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Tomcho, Thomas J., und Rob Foels. „Meta-Analysis of Group Learning Activities: Empirically Based Teaching Recommendations“. Teaching of Psychology 39, Nr. 3 (21.06.2012): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098628312450414.

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Teaching researchers commonly employ group-based collaborative learning approaches in Teaching of Psychology teaching activities. However, the authors know relatively little about the effectiveness of group-based activities in relation to known psychological processes associated with group dynamics. Therefore, the authors conducted a meta-analytic examination of whether learning outcomes are moderated by aspects of group process and collaborative learning. Results indicated that (a) group duration of a brief period (one to three classes) was more effective than group duration lasting more than one-half semester, (b) high levels of participant interdependence were associated with greater learning outcomes, and (c) group activities incorporating a formal group project presentation evidenced significantly less robust learning outcomes than activities that did not include a formal group presentation. Based on the findings, the authors provide teaching suggestions that reflect how group processes may impact learning effectiveness.

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Khasawneh, Nermeen. „Interdependence of Museums and Tourism Industry in Jordan“. Journal of Management Research 11, Nr. 1 (13.01.2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v11i1.14201.

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Museums are educational, cultural and recreational centers; cares for objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical value and other artifacts linked to the cultural and popular heritage of particular people, exhibiting and preserving these collections for subsequent generations. Heritage is the basis of civilization as it represents the nation's memory and a bridge linking its authenticity with its present and future as well as the foundations of its representation and identity. The aims of this retrospective study are to review the consistence and historical development of the Jordanian museums and to evaluate its current status, its contribution in sustainable tourism industry and to adjoin a new contribution to the current knowledge in this field. This study based on two approaches; the first was conducted on the numbers of visitors to five selected museums in Jordan for the years 2016-2017, taking into account the residence variable. The second approach used a sort specially designed questionnaires, written in Arabic and English languages were given non- selectively to (120) visitors, designed to determine the role of museums in supporting tourism in Jordan. Data were collected and a descriptive analysis was performed. The findings of this study revealed that museums play a prominent role in supporting the tourism industry through its active educational and recreational activities (94.33%), supporting domestic tourism (92.67%), and promote loyalty and national identity (92.33%). Our study confirmed the vital role of museums in the tourism industry, which in turn provides a fundamental tributary to the Jordanian Gross Domestic Product. The diversified Jordanian museums with its authentic holdings, in addition to the unique tourist destinations call for immediate support to boost Jordanian tourism globally.

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Kentli, Fulya Damla. „CULTURAL HISTORICAL ACTIVITY THEORY: EXPLORING PRINCIPALS’ INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP“. CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (23.09.2016): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.770.

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Instructional leadership activities are significant for school development. Although many researchers in this field consider leadership activities relating to the work of school principals, in effect, leadership is a network activity that includes all school staff. This study aims to show this interdependence network activity within Cultural Historical Activity Theory. The research question is “what are the activities of an instructional leader?” in order to understand instructional leadership activities in school from perspectives of Turkish graduate students and Cultural Historical Activity Theory. The answers are conceptualized within the framework of an Activity Theory. The students were asked to write about the activities of an instructional leader in the first and last course of the semester. Eighteen graduate students participated in this study.

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Rai, Puspa Raj. „Functions of Nachhung (Shaman) in the Chamling Rai in Eastern Nepal“. Patan Pragya 7, Nr. 1 (31.12.2020): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v7i1.35247.

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Rai is an indigenous people and decedent of Kirati dynasty, inhabitant of eastern part of Nepal. It is known as Kirat Pradesh before the unification of Nepal. Now, Kirat Pradesh is became political word in Nepal for name of province number 1 but not endorse till present. The Chamling Rai society is comprised different interdependent parts and units as like religion, culture, economy, polity, educational etc. Kirat religion is a part of Rai community constituted by the different units and interdepended among different parts. The Chamling word Nachhung (shaman) is called priest of the Kirat religion. So, this article focuses on the Nachhung who is the Rai priest, shaman and healer as functional unit of theRai society. The main research questions if how the Nachhung plays function as the being part of Rai society and contribute to existence of Rai society as whole. It explores the interdependence of Nachhung on other parts like rite and ritual, marriage, feast and festival, community, health, social and religious activities.

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Kokubun, Keisuke, und Yoshinori Yamakawa. „The Impact of Work Characteristics on Social Distancing: Implications at the Time of COVID-19“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 10 (11.05.2021): 5074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105074.

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread globally. While social distancing has attracted attention as a measure to prevent the spread of infection, some occupations find it difficult to implement. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between work characteristics and social distancing using data available on O*NET, an occupational information site. A total of eight factors were extracted by performing an exploratory factor analysis: work conditions, supervisory work, information processing, response to aggression, specialization, autonomy, interaction outside the organization, and interdependence. A multiple regression analysis showed that interdependence, response to aggression, and interaction outside the organization, which are categorized as ”social characteristics,” and information processing and specialization, which are categorized as “knowledge characteristics,” were associated with physical proximity. Furthermore, we added customer, which represents contact with the customer, and remote working, which represents a small amount of outdoor activity, to our multiple regression model, and confirmed that they increased the explanatory power of the model. This suggests that those who work under interdependence, face aggression, and engage in outside activities, and/or have frequent contact with customers, little interaction outside the organization, and little information processing will have the most difficulty in maintaining social distancing.

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Knifsend, Casey A., Leigh A. Green und Kathryn L. Clifford. „Extracurricular Participation, Collective Self-Esteem, and Academic Outcomes Among College Students“. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 25, Nr. 4 (2020): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn25.4.318.

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Participating in extracurricular activities during college has been linked with positive peer relations and academic success (e.g., Astin, 1984; Stuart et al., 2011). Yet, less research has focused on identity development and collective self-esteem within extracurricular activities, or whether such positive attitudes about one’s activity membership are associated with academic outcomes. In the current study, analyses focused primarily on those who were in at least one activity (n = 109), who reported on friendships within their activity, perceptions of interdependence among members, and collective self-esteem within their activity, as well as their feelings of belonging on campus and grade point average. Regression analyses suggested that having friends in one’s activity (β = .33, p = .001) and higher interdependence (β = .51, p < .001) predicted higher collective self-esteem, with a total adjusted R2 = .44. In turn, greater collective self-esteem was associated marginally with higher feelings of belonging (β = .20, p = .07, adjusted R2 = .07) and grade point average for those in fraternities or sororities (interaction β = .34, p = .006; adjusted R2 = .17; simple slope for Greek organizations: β = .42, p = .07). These findings underscore the importance of considering different dimensions of extracurricular involvement (i.e., both whether one is involved, as well as positive feelings about one’s activity), and provide recommendations to student affairs professionals as to how activities may be structured to promote optimal outcomes during college.

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Bagadirova, Susanna K. „Interdependence of personal resources and activity requirements as a factor determining the possibility of professional self-realisation of personality in sports“. Vestnik Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics, Nr. 4 (2019): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2019-25-4-232-235.

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This article discusses the problem of the interdependence of personal resources and activity requirements, as a factor determining the possibility of personal self-realisation in sports. The article presents an analysis of the views of researchers on the problem of personal resources. The article also analyses the model of work requirements / resources (Arnold Bakker, Evangelia Demerouti). This model describes the specifics of the interaction of requirements and labour resources that affect the psychological well-being and productivity of the individual. The presented model is described in the article in relation to sports activities on the example of judo. In accordance with the requirements of the model, the article describes the activities of a judoka, the requirements of judo, as a type of activity, the resources that this sport has for a person, the personal qualities of judokas that determine the emergence of resource structures. The proposed approach in describing the interdependence of the athlete’s personal resources and the requirements of the activity (sport) will be of interest of sports specialists and athletes as a model for studying the possibility of self-realisation of a person in sports.

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Drach-Zahavy, Anat, und Anit Somech. „From an Intrateam to an Interteam Perspective of Effectiveness: The Role of Interdependence and Boundary Activities“. Small Group Research 41, Nr. 2 (17.02.2010): 143–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496409356479.

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Komori, Kayoko, und Yoshizumi Ishino. „Functional interdependence of DNA polymerizing and 3′→5′ exonucleolytic activities in Pyrococcus furiosus DNA polymerase I“. Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 13, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/13.1.41.

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