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1
Anderson, Mark T. Ground-water and surface-water interactions along Rapid Creek near Rapid City, South Dakota. Rapid City, S.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.
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2
Anderson, Mark T. Ground-water and surface-water interactions along Rapid Creek near Rapid City, South Dakota. Rapid City, S.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.
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3
Anderson, Mark T. Ground-water and surface-water interactions along Rapid Creek near Rapid City, South Dakota. Rapid City, S.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.
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4
Anderson, Mark T. Ground-water and surface-water interactions along Rapid Creek near Rapid City, South Dakota. Rapid City, S.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.
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5
Anderson, Mark T. Ground-water and surface-water interactions along Rapid Creek near Rapid City, South Dakota. Rapid City, S.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.
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6
Anderson, Mark T. Ground-water and surface-water interactions along Rapid Creek near Rapid City, South Dakota. Rapid City, S.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.
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7
Anderson, Mark T. Ground-water and surface-water interactions along Rapid Creek near Rapid City, South Dakota. Rapid City, S.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.
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8
Hartson, H. Rex. Rapid prototyping in human computer interface development. [Blacksburg, Va.]: Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989.
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9
Roche, Gerald, und Gwendolyn Hyslop. Bordering Tibetan Languages. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725040.
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Bordering Tibetan Languages: Making and Marking Languages in Transnational High Asia examines the complex interactions between state, ethnic, and linguistic borders in the Himalaya. These case studies from Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal show how people in the Himalaya talk borders into existence, and also how those borders speak to them and their identities. These ‘talking borders’ exist in a world where state borders are contested, and which is being irrevocably transformed by rapid social and economic change. This book offers a new perspective on this dynamic region by centring language, and in doing so, also offers new ways of thinking about how borders and language influence each other.
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Bek, Nadezhda. B2B Marketing. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816711.
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B2B marketing is a rapidly developing direction, the basis of which is the interaction of business organizations with organizations that purchase goods and services for use in their own production of goods and services that are in demand from other organizations, in the markets of end consumers or from society as a whole. Globalization, the increasing influence of digital technologies on competition, the growing awareness of consumers and the tightening of their requirements for purchased goods and services strengthen the strategic role of B2B marketing. Competitiveness in the B2B markets is increasingly determined by their participation and position in competitive and viable value creation networks.
For students, postgraduates of universities, researchers and teachers.
11
Vasterman, Peter, Hrsg. From Media Hype to Twitter Storm. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982178.
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The word media hype is often used as rhetorical argument to dismiss waves of media attention as overblown, disproportional and exaggerated. But these explosive news waves, as well as - nowadays - the twitter storms, are object of scientific research, because they are an important phenomenon in the public area. Sometimes it is indeed 'much ado about nothing' but in many cases these media storms have play an important role in political issues, scandals and crises. Twitter storms sometimes ruin reputations within hours. Although different concepts are used, such as media hypes, news waves, media storms, information cascades or risk amplification, all the studies in this book refer to the same process in which key events trigger a chain of reactions and interactions, building up huge news waves in the media or rapidly spreading social epidemics in the social media. This book offers the first comprehensive overview of this important topic. It is not only interesting for scholars and students in media and journalism, but also for professionals in PR and communication, crisis communication and reputation management.
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La Hera, Teresa, Jeroen Jansz, Joost Raessens und Ben Schouten, Hrsg. Persuasive Gaming in Context. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728805.
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The rapid developments in new communication technologies have facilitated the popularization of digital games, which has translated into an exponential growth of the game industry in recent decades. The ubiquitous presence of digital games has resulted in an expansion of the applications of these games from mere entertainment purposes to a great variety of serious purposes. In this edited volume, we narrow the scope of attention by focusing on what game theorist Ian Bogost has called 'persuasive games', that is, gaming practices that combine the dissemination of information with attempts to engage players in particular attitudes and behaviors. This volume offers a multifaceted reflection on persuasive gaming, that is, on the process of these particular games being played by players. The purpose is to better understand when and how digital games can be used for persuasion by further exploring persuasive games and some other kinds of persuasive playful interaction as well. The book critically integrates what has been accomplished in separate research traditions to offer a multidisciplinary approach to understanding persuasive gaming that is closely linked to developments in the industry by including the exploration of relevant case studies.
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Grunert, Marcel, Andreas Perrot und Silke Rickert-Sperling. Complex network interactions: cardiovascular systems biology. Herausgegeben von José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, José Luis de la Pompa, David Sedmera, Cristina Basso und Deborah Henderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0033.
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A large quantity of molecular information on heart development, function, and disease has been generated over recent decades. However, most recent studies have been dominated by reductionistic approaches, and thus many aspects remain unclear, particularly regarding the primary causes of complex cardiovascular diseases such as congenital heart malformations. With the advent of high-throughput technologies, systems-based approaches have developed rapidly in biology and medicine. In the biology of cardiovascular systems complex data within or across different molecular levels of biological systems or pathways can be integrated and combined to identify the causes underlying cardiac diseases, which might not be possible otherwise. This is in agreement with data suggesting that biological molecules in individual regulatory layers, such as transcripts, proteins, and metabolites, act within networksrather than independently of each other. Thus systems biology provides a promising approach to fully addressing the complexities of congenital heart disease.
14
Bier, Lisa. American Indian and African American People, Communities, and Interactions. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400610899.
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Interest in this topic is growing rapidly, both as a field of academic research and as people with African American and American Indian backgrounds voice interest in their heritage. Materials on this topic are often difficult to locate because of the ways that libraries and research databases organize information. This bibliography is the first of its kind and strives to make researching this understudied topic easier. This volume will serve as an important research tool in this area. This bibliography features books, articles, Web sites, and videos containing information on interactions between African American and Native American people and communities. These interactions reveal communication, alliances, and agency among the two groups, a neglected layer of North American history. The descriptive annotations are grouped into chapters that are organized either geographically or by tribe. The book concludes with a detailed index.
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Lissack, Michael R., Hrsg. The Interaction of Complexity and Management. www.quorumbooks.com, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400671005.
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What is complexity science? What is management? And how are the two linked? The potential of complexity science in the fields of management and organization studies has been explored before, yet there is little agreement on what complexity science truly is. Lissack and Rivkin, along with a panel of distinguished academics and executives, identify critical topics in the study of complexity science. They reveal complexity science to be a process, one seeking and understanding of the systems we inhabit, and ways of applying that understanding to the management of organizations. Complexity science is not a management fad, and the authors do not treat it as such. Instead, they offer useful and fascinating viewpoints on how work is managed in an age of business uncertainty, and how it can be more successfully managed with the aid of this rapidly evolving new field of science. Their multidisciplinary book combines systems theory, statistical modeling, and individual and organizational learning in an innovative new context. The volume takes a pragmatic approach: if it works, it's right. And complexity science, say the authors, work extremely well. This book is an important resource for upper level executives, specialists in organizational behavior, and their colleagues in the academic community.
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Volpi, Frédéric. Acts, Arenas and Actors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190642921.003.0002.
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This chapter considers the debates about authoritarianism and democratization, and political stability and change, in an “exceptional” Middle East. It outlines how accounts of Middle East politics presented stalled transition processes and authoritarian “upgrading” as structural features of regional stability. The chapter then introduces the notion of mobilization in relation to the construction of protest events, arenas and actors. A distinction is drawn between political causality and causal explanations during periods of rapid de-institutionalization, and during periods of routine (authoritarian) governance. Institutional and extra-institutional changes are presented in terms of the (re)production of specific set of social interactions. The chapter uses interactionist perspectives in social movement theory to counter-balance the more structural and rational-choice accounts of protests and revolutions. The framework proposed departs from conventional notions of political opportunity structures by proposing an explanatory narrative of protest episodes grounded on the interactions between acts, arenas, and agents of contention (in that specific order).
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Owen, Jennifer C., Dana M. Hawley und Kathryn P. Huyvaert, Hrsg. Infectious Disease Ecology of Wild Birds. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746249.001.0001.
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Disease ecology is an interdisciplinary field that recognizes that the host–parasite interaction is shaped by the environment and can affect and be affected by the processes that occur across all levels of ecological organization. This book focuses on the dynamics of infectious diseases for wild avian hosts across different scales of biological organization—from within-host processes to landscape-level patterns. Parasite–bird interactions are both influenced by and have consequences for every level of ecological hierarchy, from the physiology, behavior, and evolution of individual hosts up to the complex biotic and abiotic interactions occurring within biological communities and ecosystems. As the most diverse group of extant vertebrates, birds have evolved to utilize every ecological niche on earth, giving them the capacity to serve as a host of pathogens in every part of the world. The diversity of birds is outmatched only by the diversity of the parasite fauna infecting them. Given the overwhelming diversity of both avian hosts and their parasites, we have only scratched the surface regarding the role that pathogens play in avian biology and the role that birds play in the maintenance and spread of zoonotic pathogens. In addition to this understudied diversity, parasite–bird interactions are increasingly occurring in rapidly changing global environments—thus, their ecology is changing—and this shapes the complex ways by which parasites influence the interconnected health of birds, humans, and shared ecosystems. The chapters in this book illustrate that the understanding of these complex and multiscale interactions requires an inherently integrative approach.
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Spence, Robert, und Mark Witkowski. Rapid Serial Visual Presentation: Design for Cognition. Springer, 2013.
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Spence, Robert, und Mark Witkowski. Rapid Serial Visual Presentation: Design for Cognition. Springer, 2013.
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Spence, Robert, und Mark Witkowski. Rapid Serial Visual Presentation: Design for Cognition. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
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21
Ali, Ased. Pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. Herausgegeben von Rob Pickard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0001.
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The realization of the harms resulting from indiscriminate use of antibiotics for minor infection has added impetus to the need to understand better the interaction between urogenital tract epithelium and invading bacteria during the initial stages of urinary tract infection (UTI). It is thought that uropathogenic Escherichia coli clones develop in the gut and migrate across the perineum to the urethra and up into the bladder. The response of the epithelium to bacterial adherence and the evolution of the invading bacteria will then govern the clinical consequences. These can vary between rapid invasion and further migration to produce systemic sepsis to tolerance of the bacteria in a planktonic state in asymptomatic bacteriuria. The key to these differences is the activation of epithelial pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors by expressed proteins on the bacterial cell wall. Increased understanding of these interactions will lead to non-antibiotic-based strategies for clinical management of urinary infection.
22
Beard, Jack, und Dale Stephens, Hrsg. The Woomera Manual on the International Law of Military Space Operations. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192870667.001.0001.
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Abstract Military uses in space are rapidly changing and expanding, challenging both states and non-governmental agencies in identifying and applying the governing rules. In the midst of these challenges, states, policymakers, and practitioners must engage with new, real circumstances in space, not merely hypothetical threats or problems. As a contribution to the understudied but crucial field, this book is interdisciplinary in nature—drawing on space law, national security law, technology, international law, and diplomacy. The book serves as the first comprehensive examination of the field. In it, all three phases of military space interactions are analysed (during times of peace, tension or crisis, and armed conflict), with relevance to both the public and private space sectors. The book explores the interaction of different legal regimes, including space law, the UN Charter, other treaty-based regimes, as well as international humanitarian law. Through an extensive consultation process with state and NGO representatives from across the globe, the book serves as a practical and reliable resource in the emerging field of space law. It is a critical resource for any entity navigating the increasingly consequential subject of space operations by providing an outline for more predictable and peaceful cooperation.
23
Hughes, Aaron. Shared Identities. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190684464.001.0001.
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This controversial study breaks with received opinion that imagines two distinct religions, Judaism and Islam, interacting in the centuries immediately following the death of Muhammad in the early seventh century. Tradition describes these relations using the trope of “symbiosis.” This book instead argues that various porous groups—neither fully Muslim nor Jewish—exploited a shared terminology to make sense of their social worlds in response to the rapid process of Islamicization. What emerged as normative rabbinic Judaism, and Sunni and Shiʿi Islam were ultimately responses to such marginal groups. Even the development and spread of rabbinic Judaism, especially in the hands of Saadya Gaon (882–942 CE), was articulated Islamically. The emergence of the so-called golden age in places such as Muslim Spain and North Africa continued to see the articulation of this “Islamic” Judaism in the writings of luminaires such as Bahya ibn Paquda, Abraham ibn Ezra, Judah Halevi, and Moses Maimonides. Drawing on social theory, comparative religion, and original sources, this book presents a compelling case for rewriting our understanding of Jews and Muslims in their earliest centuries of interaction. Not content to remain solely in the past, however, it also examines the continued interaction of Muslims and Jews, now reimagined as Palestinians and Israelis, into the present.
24
Becker, Christopher Reid. Learn Human Computer Interaction: Solve Human Problems, and Focus on Rapid Prototyping and Validating Solutions Through User Testing. Packt Publishing, Limited, 2020.
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25
Zürich, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Hrsg. Electrocortical and peripheral physiological effects of smoking and interactions with mental performance in rapid information processing under different experimental conditions. 1989.
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26
Lireplus, Edition. Dan Saffer Saffer - Résumé de DESIGNING for INTERACTION: Une Synthèse Simple et Rapide à Lire Qui Vous Expose les Points Essentiels de Ce Livre. Independently Published, 2019.
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27
Isett, Philip. Basic Technical Outline. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691174822.003.0003.
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This chapter provides a more technical outline of the construction, starting with a solution to the Euler-Reynolds system and a correction v₁ = v + V, p₁ = p + P. The correction V is a divergence free vector field which oscillates rapidly compared to v. In the construction, there will always be a bounded number of waves Vsubscript I (at most 192) which are nonzero at any given time t. Each individual wave Vsubscript I composing V is a complex-valued, divergence free vector field that oscillates rapidly in only one direction. The chapter introduces several ways in which to represent each Vsubscript I. Finally, it presents five main error terms: the Transport term, the High–Low Interaction term, the High–High Interference terms, the Stress term, and the Mollification terms.
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Moayedi, Massieh, und Karen D. Davis. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0002.
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The chapter reviews brain imaging studies investigating the sensory, affective, cognitive, and motivational components of pain. It highlights the historical development and significant advancements in thinking about pain, its representation in the brain, its interactions with and impact on cognition, and how it motivates defensive behaviors. Modern imaging and electro-physiological approaches that are currently being applied to study pain are rapidly accumulating data pertaining to acute pain and its transition to chronic pain states in the context of individual psychological factors and behavioral responses so that in the coming era pain science can work toward a more precise and personalized approach to chronic pain treatment.
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Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant und Edward H. Snell. Distinct Instrumental Approaches to SAXS. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.003.0010.
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There are more specialized applications of SAXS and SANS which require specific experimental considerations. This chapter covers size exclusion chromatography which has proven to be useful to study both soluble and membrane bound proteins allowing the study of samples that show time and concentration dependent dynamics. It also describes iime-resolved techniques for SAXS and in a few cases, SANS. Finally, with improved X-ray sources, detectors, sample handling, and compute power, the ability to perform SAXS data in high-throughput is available. This is discussed in enabling the use of SAXS to study protein interactions, map macromolecular conformation, and rapidly characterize samples amongst other applications.
30
Miller, Michelle A. The genetics of sleep. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778240.003.0006.
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The genetic regulation of normal sleep and sleep disorders is complex and often shows strong environmental interactions. This is a relatively new, and rapidly expanding, area of research, and the number of sleep conditions with established, underlying genetic components is growing. The genetic basis regulating the sleep–wake cycle has identified the Period genes. Their polymorphisms appear to determine the morning/night preferences of individuals. At present, the public health benefits are limited, but will increase as the identification and understanding of genetic causes for sleep conditions improve. This may lead to new diagnostic and treatment options including genetic counselling, improved therapeutic regimes, and new drug treatments.
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Wiersinga, W. Joost, und Tom van der Poll. The host response to infection in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0303.
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Infection continues to be a leading cause of intensive care unit death. The host response to infection can be seen as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated dysregulation of the immune system following pathogen invasion in which a careful balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses is vital. A measured and rapid response to microbial invasion is essential to health. The same immunological and coagulation systems that protect against localized infection can act to our disadvantage when these systems are activated systemically during generalized microbial infection. Toll-like receptors (TLR), the inflammasomes and other PRRs initiate the host response after recognition of pathogen-associated-molecular-patterns (PAMPs) or endogenous danger-associated-molecular-patterns (DAMPs). The systemic host response to infection will result in activation of coagulation, downregulation of physiological anticoagulant mechanisms, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Further dissection of the role of host–pathogen interactions, the cytokine response, the coagulation cascade and their multidirectional interactions in sepsis should lead towards the development of new therapeutic approaches in the critically ill who are faced with infection.
32
Dieterle, David A. The Global Economy. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400657436.
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The global economy represents the combined economic output of all countries on Earth and is currently estimated at around $80 trillion. While globalization has made it possible for greater economic interaction between nations and rapid growth on a worldwide scale, many have argued that it has also helped to widen the gap between the richest and poorest nations. The movement of goods and services between countries also has major impacts on national politics and international diplomacy, as well as significant implications for human rights and welfare.
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Das-Munshi, Jayati, Tamsin Ford, Matthew Hotopf, Martin Prince und Robert Stewart, Hrsg. Practical Psychiatric Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198735564.001.0001.
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This long-awaited second edition of Practical Psychiatric Epidemiology covers all of the considerable new developments in psychiatric epidemiology that have occurred since the first edition was published in 2003. It includes new content on key topics such as life course epidemiology, gene–environment interactions, bioethics, patient and public involvement in research, mixed methods research, new statistical methods, case registers, policy, and implementation. Looking to the future of this rapidly evolving scientific discipline and how it will respond to the emerging opportunities and challenges posed by ‘big data’, new technologies, open science, and globalization, this new edition will serve as an invaluable reference for clinicians in practice and in training. It will also be of interest to researchers in mental health and people studying or teaching psychiatric epidemiology at undergraduate or postgraduate level.
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Fisher, John A. Environmental Aesthetics. Herausgegeben von Jerrold Levinson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.003.0039.
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The rapid growth of concern for the natural environment over the last third of the twentieth century has brought the welcome reintroduction of nature as a significant topic in aesthetics. In virtue of transforming previous attitudes towards nature, environmentalist thinking has posed questions about how we conceptualize our aesthetic interactions with nature, the aesthetic value of nature, and the status of art about nature. Although environmental concerns have undoubtedly motivated the new aesthetic interest in nature, the term ‘environmental aesthetics’ connotes two overlapping but distinct themes, one emphasizing the aesthetics of nature as understood by environmentalism, the second focusing on the notion of environments of all sorts as objects of appreciation.
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Schweitzer, Stuart O., und Z. John Lu. The Demand for Pharmaceuticals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623784.003.0006.
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Demand for pharmaceuticals is unique because it is determined by four parties: the patient, who is the direct consumer of drugs; the physician, often serving as the consumer’s agent, who considers drugs as an input in the production of health for the patient; insurers, who usually pay most of the cost of the drug that is purchased; and the pharmacist, who often decides which version of a drug to dispense, fills the prescription, and frequently provides the patient with health counseling and additional information on the drug’s action, administration, and side effects. This chapter looks at each party and their interaction in the determination of pharmaceutical demand in a rapidly changing environment in the United States.
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Green, Monica. Caring for Gendered Bodies. Herausgegeben von Judith Bennett und Ruth Karras. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.013.003.
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Given the comparatively slow pace of human evolution, the body, as a biological entity, may be taken more or less as a historical constant during the past 1500 years. But every interaction with that body was mediated by culture, and thus gender analysis is a driving force in the expanding field of the history of health. This essay looks at how changing expectations of gender and knowledge shaped medical and surgical interventions in three circumstances: pregnancy; childbirth emergencies; and the care of intersexed persons. The field of the history of health is still rapidly expanding, and the perspectives of gender analysis are a major part of what is driving that expansion forward.
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Clark Barrett, H. Dynamics of Culture Change and Cultural Stability among the Shuar of Ecuador. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0011.
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This chapter examines the dynamics of culture change and cultural stability among the Shuar, an indigenous Amazonian society in southeastern Ecuador. While the Shuar have always engaged in transactions with markets and global flows in Ecuador and beyond, rapid changes in technology and infrastructure in the Amazon region are leading to changes in economic and social practices, norms, ideologies, and modes of interaction within and across Shuar society. The conceptual tools of cultural evolutionary theory may help readers to understand which aspects of Shuar social and economic life remain relatively stable through these transitions and which aspects undergo rapid change and why. This chapter proposes a framework for theorizing domains of change and stasis in contemporary Shuar culture and suggests ways in which this framework can be applied to understanding broader questions about the dynamics of human cultural history.
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Steffen (Lead Author), Will. Australia's Biodiversity and Climate Change. CSIRO Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098190.
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Australia's unique biodiversity is under threat from a rapidly changing climate. The effects of climate change are already discernible at all levels of biodiversity – genes, species, communities and ecosystems. Many of Australia's most valued and iconic natural areas – the Great Barrier Reef, south-western Australia, the Kakadu wetlands and the Australian Alps – are among the most vulnerable. But much more is at stake than saving iconic species or ecosystems. Australia's biodiversity is fundamental to the country's national identity, economy and quality of life.
In the face of uncertainty about specific climate scenarios, ecological and management principles provide a sound basis for maximising opportunities for species to adapt, communities to reorganise and ecosystems to transform while maintaining basic functions critical to human society. This innovative approach to biodiversity conservation under a changing climate leads to new challenges for management, policy development and institutional design. This book explores these challenges, building on a detailed analysis of the interactions between a changing climate and Australia's rich but threatened biodiversity.
Australia's Biodiversity and Climate Change is an important reference for policy makers, researchers, educators, students, journalists, environmental and conservation NGOs, NRM managers, and private landholders with an interest in biodiversity conservation in a rapidly changing world.
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Barnett, Ben J., Lisa Armitige und Karen J. Vigil. Opportunistic Infections. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0032.
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The question of when to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the setting of an acute or ongoing opportunistic infection (OI) has been controversial. The immediate initiation of ART in the presence of an OI may provide better clinical outcomes as the immune system improves. However, rapidly decreasing HIV viral load has been associated with the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, which may lead to further complications in the setting of an OI. There are also questions of increasing pill burden, potential drug–drug interactions, additive toxicity and adverse events, and the more practical problem of continuity of care if ART is started in a hospital setting for a newly diagnosed patient with HIV without established outpatient care already in place. This problem could be particularly troublesome for patients who do not have health insurance or otherwise do not have affordable access to ART in the outpatient setting.
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Cavanna, Andrea E. Tiagabine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791577.003.0012.
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Tiagabine is a second-generation antiepileptic drug characterized by few antiepileptic indications, with an acceptable interaction profile in polytherapy. Tiagabine has an acceptable behavioural tolerability profile, although its use in the treatment of epileptic seizures has declined. Moreover, treatment with tiagabine has often been associated with depression and irritability (especially in patients with a personal history of affective disorders, or in case of rapid initial titration). Tiagabine has no approved indications or clinical uses in psychiatry. Although tiagabine has been occasionally prescribed off-label as adjunctive treatment for anxiety disorders and neuropathic pain, there is no conclusive evidence for its efficacy in the treatment of any behavioural problems.
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Cavanna, Andrea E. Topiramate. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791577.003.0013.
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Topiramate is a second-generation antiepileptic drug characterized by a good range of antiepileptic indications, with an acceptable interaction profile in polytherapy. Topiramate has an acceptable behavioural tolerability profile, although it has been associated with a number of negative behavioural effects in patients with epilepsy (in particular depression, irritability, and psychotic symptoms). Identified risk factors for the development of behavioural adverse effects include high starting doses and rapid titration schedules, as well as personal or family history of psychiatric disorders. Topiramate has a restricted range of psychiatric uses , although its clinically significant effect in promoting weight loss in patients with behavioural problems can increase its potential usefulness in psychiatric populations.
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Hill, Geoffrey E. Mitonuclear Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818250.001.0001.
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Eukaryotes were born of a chimeric union of two prokaryotes. The legacy of this fusion is organisms with both a nuclear and mitochondrial genome that must work in a coordinated fashion to enable cellular respiration. The coexistence of two genomes in a single organism requires tight coadaptation to enable function. The need for coadaptation, the challenge of co-transmission, and the possibility of genomic conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear genes have profound consequences for the ecology and evolution of eukaryotic life. This book defines mitonuclear ecology as an emerging field that reassesses core concepts in evolutionary ecology in light of the necessity of mitonuclear coadaptation. I discuss and summarize research that tests new mitonuclear-based theories for the evolution of sex, two sexes, senescence, a sequestered germ line, speciation, sexual selection, and adaptation. The ideas presented in this book represent a paradigm shift for evolutionary ecology. Through the twentieth century, mitochondrial genomes were dismissed as unimportant to the evolution of complex life because variation within mitochondrial genomes was proposed to be functionally neutral. These conceptions about mitochondrial genomes and mitonuclear genomic interactions have been changing rapidly, and a growing literature in top journals is making it increasingly clear that the interactions of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes over the past 2 billion years have played a major role in shaping the evolution of eukaryotes. These new hypotheses for the evolution of quintessential characteristics of complex life hold the potential to fundamentally reshape the field of evolutionary ecology and to inform the emerging fields of mitochondrial medicine and mitochondrial-based reproductive therapies.
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Oliver, Jon L., und Rhodri S. Lloyd. Speed and agility training. Herausgegeben von Neil Armstrong und Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0037.
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Speed and agility are fundamental locomotive skills that form the basis of many physical activities, and contribute to success in youth sport. Speed and agility represent unique qualities; speed is the ability to move quickly in a straight line, whereas agility is the ability to rapidly change direction in response to a stimulus. Agility can be further sub-divided into the physical component of change-of-direction-speed and a perceptual component related to the ability to respond to external stimuli. The natural development and trainability of speed has become relatively well understood in children and adolescents, whereas our understanding of agility is predominantly limited to a smaller body of research examining change-of-direction-speed. This chapter focuses on describing the natural development of maximal speed and agility throughout childhood and adolescence, as well as examining interactions between training and maturity in both the short- and long-term across a range of different modes of training.
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Rojas, Eduardo. Sustainable Conservation of Urban Heritage. Herausgegeben von Angela M. Labrador und Neil Asher Silberman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676315.013.25.
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Cities confront complex choices in managing rapid growth, including whether to protect their material heritage or let new development take its place. These topics are not well researched and call for a more systematic treatment. Governance-focused studies bring to the attention of conservators and city managers the institutional, regulatory, and financial underpinnings of the urban heritage conservation process that are not commonly discussed when listing monuments and heritage areas or when establishing rules and regulations for their conservation. This approach to the analysis of urban heritage conservation helps cultural institutions and city governments to identify the variety of social actors holding an interest in the urban heritage, better understand their interactions and conflicts, implement more effective institutional arrangements and regulations, and increase and better allocate financial resources to conserve the heritage.
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Stein, Barry E., Hrsg. The New Handbook of Multisensory Processing. The MIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8466.001.0001.
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The major reference work for a rapidly advancing field synthesizes central themes, reports on current findings, and offers a blueprint for future research. Scientists' attempts to understand the physiology underlying our apprehension of the physical world was long dominated by a focus on the individual senses. The 1980s saw the beginning of systematic efforts to examine interactions among different sensory modalities at the level of the single neuron. And by the end of the 1990s, a recognizable and multidisciplinary field of "multisensory processes" had emerged. More recently, studies involving both human and nonhuman subjects have focused on relationships among multisensory neuronal ensembles and their behavioral, perceptual, and cognitive correlates. The New Handbook of Multisensory Processing synthesizes the central themes in this rapidly developing area, reports on current findings, and offers a blueprint for future research. The contributions, all of them written for this volume by leading experts, reflect the evolution and current state of the field. This handbook does more than simply review the field. Each of the volume's eleven sections broadly surveys a major topic, and each begins with a substantive and thought-provoking commentary by the section editor that identifies the major issues being explored, describes their treatment in the chapters that follow, and sets these findings within the context of the existing body of knowledge. Together, the commentaries and chapters provide an invaluable guide to areas of general agreement, unresolved issues, and topics that remain to be explored in this fast-moving field.
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and, Bruno. Perceiving Your Own Body. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0002.
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The perception of our own body is a defining characteristic of our sense of self and a prerequisite for interacting with the environment and guiding movements. In the traditional view, the body is perceived mostly through somatosensation. However, experimental results are increasingly demonstrating that visual and vestibular signals also play an important role in body perception, that somatosensation in body perception is not limited to touch as traditionally conceived but may also include signals from the interior of the body (interoception), and, perhaps most surprisingly, that how we perceive and represent our body can be rapidly altered by novel combinations of multisensory stimuli. These findings have important implications for our understanding of neurological impairments of body representation and for their rehabilitation.
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James, Philip. Human biology and the urban environment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827238.003.0011.
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Climate change and the rapid movement of people and goods over great distances are changing global disease patterns. Human health and well-being are also being adversely affected by the absence of biodiverse, vegetation-rich green spaces. The human body adapts poorly to urban life. The result is ill health. A typology of interactions (intentional, incidental, and indirect) between people and nature is set out. Similarly, benefits of contact with nature in terms of physiological, psychological, cognitive, and social factors. The emergent central mechanism linking urban environments to ill health is studied. Urban environments cause chronic, low level stress resulting in the release of cortisone (a stress hormone), decreased physical activity, and increased calorie intake, all of which lead to chronic cellular inflammation and to the life-style diseases of the twenty-first century: depression, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dementia.
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Wikle, Christopher K. Spatial Statistics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.710.
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The climate system consists of interactions between physical, biological, chemical, and human processes across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Characterizing the behavior of components of this system is crucial for scientists and decision makers. There is substantial uncertainty associated with observations of this system as well as our understanding of various system components and their interaction. Thus, inference and prediction in climate science should accommodate uncertainty in order to facilitate the decision-making process. Statistical science is designed to provide the tools to perform inference and prediction in the presence of uncertainty. In particular, the field of spatial statistics considers inference and prediction for uncertain processes that exhibit dependence in space and/or time. Traditionally, this is done descriptively through the characterization of the first two moments of the process, one expressing the mean structure and one accounting for dependence through covariability.Historically, there are three primary areas of methodological development in spatial statistics: geostatistics, which considers processes that vary continuously over space; areal or lattice processes, which considers processes that are defined on a countable discrete domain (e.g., political units); and, spatial point patterns (or point processes), which consider the locations of events in space to be a random process. All of these methods have been used in the climate sciences, but the most prominent has been the geostatistical methodology. This methodology was simultaneously discovered in geology and in meteorology and provides a way to do optimal prediction (interpolation) in space and can facilitate parameter inference for spatial data. These methods rely strongly on Gaussian process theory, which is increasingly of interest in machine learning. These methods are common in the spatial statistics literature, but much development is still being done in the area to accommodate more complex processes and “big data” applications. Newer approaches are based on restricting models to neighbor-based representations or reformulating the random spatial process in terms of a basis expansion. There are many computational and flexibility advantages to these approaches, depending on the specific implementation. Complexity is also increasingly being accommodated through the use of the hierarchical modeling paradigm, which provides a probabilistically consistent way to decompose the data, process, and parameters corresponding to the spatial or spatio-temporal process.Perhaps the biggest challenge in modern applications of spatial and spatio-temporal statistics is to develop methods that are flexible yet can account for the complex dependencies between and across processes, account for uncertainty in all aspects of the problem, and still be computationally tractable. These are daunting challenges, yet it is a very active area of research, and new solutions are constantly being developed. New methods are also being rapidly developed in the machine learning community, and these methods are increasingly more applicable to dependent processes. The interaction and cross-fertilization between the machine learning and spatial statistics community is growing, which will likely lead to a new generation of spatial statistical methods that are applicable to climate science.
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Epstein, Pamela. Advertising for Love. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038051.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses how matrimonial ads give a new and unique insight into the way that rapid urban growth and capitalism of the nineteenth century affected people's intimate lives and their approach to experiencing love. Matrimonial advertisers provide an excellent window into how these upheavals in society were negotiated; they were ordinary men and women who wanted nothing more than to conform to a middle-class lifestyle but felt forced to find traditional relationships in an unconventional fashion. Matrimonial advertisements provided a space, for urban dwellers in particular, in which to experiment with a new kind of personal interaction. Matrimonials revealed individuals who were on the move—both geographically and socially—circulating themselves in public in an attempt to find intimacy.
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Gunther, Vanessa Ann. Chief Joseph. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400625022.
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This biography offers a chronological presentation of the major events in Nez Perce history and in the life of one of their greatest leaders, Joseph. Chief Joseph: A Biography explores the world of the Nez Perce Indians from their entrance into the Columbia Plateau through their relations with the expanding United States. It recounts their attempt to accommodate the rapidly changing world around them, and it follows the life of Chief Joseph, one of their greatest peace leaders. Readers will learn how interactions with Lewis and Clark at the beginning of the 19th century and the subsequent duplicity of white settlers and their government radically changed the Nez Perce way of life—and influenced Joseph's rise. Separating the real Chief Joseph from the myths that have grown around him, the book shows how he shepherded the Nez Perce people through the ordeals that confronted them, including the loss of their land and freedom and the persistent threats to the culture that had guided the Nez Perce for centuries.