Thematische Bibliographien / Interaction similarity

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Interaction similarity“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 16. November 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Interaction similarity"

Wade, R. C., R. R. Gabdoulline und F. De Rienzo. „Protein interaction property similarity analysis“. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 83, Nr. 3-4 (2001): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.1204.

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Trøjelsgaard, Kristian, Pedro Jordano, Daniel W. Carstensen und Jens M. Olesen. „Geographical variation in mutualistic networks: similarity, turnover and partner fidelity“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, Nr. 1802 (07.03.2015): 20142925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2925.

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Although species and their interactions in unison represent biodiversity and all the ecological and evolutionary processes associated with life, biotic interactions have, contrary to species, rarely been integrated into the concepts of spatial β-diversity. Here, we examine β-diversity of ecological networks by using pollination networks sampled across the Canary Islands. We show that adjacent and distant communities are more and less similar, respectively, in their composition of plants, pollinators and interactions than expected from random distributions. We further show that replacement of species is the major driver of interaction turnover and that this contribution increases with distance. Finally, we quantify that species-specific partner compositions (here called partner fidelity) deviate from random partner use, but vary as a result of ecological and geographical variables. In particular, breakdown of partner fidelity was facilitated by increasing geographical distance, changing abundances and changing linkage levels, but was not related to the geographical distribution of the species. This highlights the importance of space when comparing communities of interacting species and may stimulate a rethinking of the spatial interpretation of interaction networks. Moreover, geographical interaction dynamics and its causes are important in our efforts to anticipate effects of large-scale changes, such as anthropogenic disturbances.

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Islam, Sumaiya, und Robert J. Pantazes. „Developing similarity matrices for antibody-protein binding interactions“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 10 (26.10.2023): e0293606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293606.

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The inventions of AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold are revolutionizing computational protein science due to their abilities to reliably predict protein structures. Their unprecedented successes are due to the parallel consideration of several types of information, one of which is protein sequence similarity information. Sequence homology has been studied for many decades and depends on similarity matrices to define how similar or different protein sequences are to one another. A natural extension of predicting protein structures is predicting the interactions between proteins, but similarity matrices for protein-protein interactions do not exist. This study conducted a mutational analysis of 384 non-redundant antibody–protein antigen complexes to calculate antibody-protein interaction similarity matrices. Every important residue in each antibody and each antigen was mutated to each of the other 19 commonly occurring amino acids and the percentage changes in interaction energies were calculated using three force fields: CHARMM, Amber, and Rosetta. The data were used to construct six interaction similarity matrices, one for antibodies and another for antigens using each force field. The matrices exhibited both commonalities, such as mutations of aromatic and charged residues being the most detrimental, and differences, such as Rosetta predicting mutations of serines to be better tolerated than either Amber or CHARMM. A comparison to nine previously published similarity matrices for protein sequences revealed that the new interaction matrices are more similar to one another than they are to any of the previous matrices. The created similarity matrices can be used in force field specific applications to help guide decisions regarding mutations in protein-protein binding interfaces.

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TERASHIMA, Chieko, Yoshiaki TANIDA, Toshio MANABE und Hiroyuki SATO. „The Correlation between Similarity of Amino Acid Interaction Potentials and Structure Similarity“. Journal of Computer Chemistry, Japan 20, Nr. 4 (2021): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2477/jccj.2022-0003.

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Guéguen, Nicolas, Angélique Martin und Sébastien Meineri. „Similarity and Social Interaction: When Similarity Fosters Implicit Behavior Toward a Stranger“. Journal of Social Psychology 151, Nr. 6 (November 2011): 671–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2010.522627.

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Miquel de Caceres, J. Villa, J. J. Lozano und F. Sanz. „MIPSIM: similarity analysis of molecular interaction potentials“. Bioinformatics 16, Nr. 6 (01.06.2000): 568–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/16.6.568.

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Hamill, David N., und S. Joseph Wright. „Interspecific Interaction and Similarity in Species Composition“. American Naturalist 131, Nr. 3 (März 1988): 412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284798.

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Lukatsky, D. B., B. E. Shakhnovich, J. Mintseris und E. I. Shakhnovich. „Structural Similarity Enhances Interaction Propensity of Proteins“. Journal of Molecular Biology 365, Nr. 5 (Februar 2007): 1596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2006.11.020.

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López, Daniela N., Patricio A. Camus, Nelson Valdivia und Sergio A. Estay. „Integrating species and interactions into similarity metrics: a graph theory-based approach to understanding community similarity“. PeerJ 7 (31.05.2019): e7013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7013.

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Community similarity is often assessed through similarities in species occurrences and abundances (i.e., compositional similarity) or through the distribution of species interactions (i.e., interaction similarity). Unfortunately, the joint empirical evaluation of both is still a challenge. Here, we analyze community similarity in ecological systems in order to evaluate the extent to which indices based exclusively on species composition differ from those that incorporate species interactions. Borrowing tools from graph theory, we compared the classic Jaccard index with the graph edit distance (GED), a metric that allowed us to combine species composition and interactions. We found that similarity measures computed using only taxonomic composition could differ strongly from those that include composition and interactions. We conclude that new indices that incorporate community features beyond composition will be more robust for assessing similitude between natural systems than those purely based on species occurrences. Our results have therefore important conceptual and practical consequences for the analysis of ecological communities.

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Yan, Xiao-Ying, Shao-Wu Zhang und Song-Yao Zhang. „Prediction of drug–target interaction by label propagation with mutual interaction information derived from heterogeneous network“. Molecular BioSystems 12, Nr. 2 (2016): 520–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5mb00615e.

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By implementing label propagation on drug/target similarity network with mutual interaction information derived from drug–target heterogeneous network, LPMIHN algorithm identifies potential drug–target interactions.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Interaction similarity"

Jurgenson, Eric Donald. „Applications of the Similarity Renormalization Group to the Nuclear Interaction“. The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250105855.

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Shen, Bin. „Explicating para-social interaction how para-social interaction interact with identification, similarity, affinity/liking, and imitation /“. Thesis, [Tuscaloosa, Ala. : University of Alabama Libraries], 2009. http://purl.lib.ua.edu/60.

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Wang, Chao, und Han Pan. „Visualization of Text Duplicates in Documents“. Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5408.

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In this thesis, a tool to visualize duplicate parts in a series of given documents is developed.

Text duplicates are very common nowadays in all fields. This behavior severelyharms the rights of the original authors though it facilitates the work of those whocopy from them. Effective legal measures have been taken when it comes to copyrightissue. An increasing large number of people have paid serious attention to what theywrite when they refer to other people's works. Although references are properly madeby many who admire and respect others' achievements, plagiarism takes place all thetime. Therefore, an intuitive way of visualizing duplicate parts is needed so thatpeople can easily grasp the purpose and decide the legality of those duplicates. Whenit comes to computer science, software clone is very typical phenomenon amongdifferent development groups or even within one group. Since a piece of softwareusually have its hierarchy, it is also interesting to group members when they do aclone detection of their own or other software. For example, if a good overview of thehierarchies is provided in a tree representation, one can easily locate the clones of aparticular node in other trees. More interaction techniques can allow concrete codeaccesses through double clicking on a highlighted node.

To visualize duplicate parts in a nice and intuitive way, a visualization tool isdeveloped for this thesis project. By the time it is done, the following features shouldbe fulfilled. First, the tool can visualize similar or identical parts given a data set.Second, hierarchies of those files can be demonstrated with proper layout. Third, theuser can manipulate the data items on the screen in order to get a better insight of thedata set and help with analysis tasks. Forth, different levels of abstraction areprovided so that the user can either get an overview of all the files or specificallycheck the duplicate parts in the documents of interest.

Visualization of Text Duplicates in Documents

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Lei, Antonio. „Do hometown and gender similarity enahnce supportive peer relationship? The interaction effect of cooperative goal“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1950732.

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Aronson, Olov. „Likhetsteorin : En teoretisk utveckling av Collins interaktionsritualer“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33306.

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Uppsatsen utgår från upptäckten av ett mönster i Collins teori om interaktionsritualer. Mönstret består i att flera av idéerna och begreppen som används i Collins teori kan förstås som upplevelser av likhet mellan de samspelande individerna. Baserat på upptäckten av detta mönster formuleras uppsatsens syfte. Syftet är att utveckla grunddragen till en ny teori om interaktionsritualer som förklarar interaktionsritualer utifrån individers upplevelser av likhet. För att uppfylla syftet diskuteras fyra aspekter av interaktionsritualer. I anslutning till den första aspekten presenteras en förklaring till varför individer som upplever likhet ger varandra stöd i sina interaktionsritualer. I diskussionen kring den andra aspekten presenteras begreppet likhetens upprymdhet, som visar hur individers upplevelse av likhet är avgörande för interaktionsritualers genererande av emotionell energi. Genom den tredje aspekten framställs en komplett beskrivning av likhetsteorin, som förklarar interaktionsritualer utifrån individers upplevelse av likhet. Slutligen, i diskussionen kring den fjärde aspekten av interaktionsritualer, prövas likhetsteorin mot empiriska studier. I uppsatsens avslutande avsnitt framhävs hur likhetsteorin ger viktiga bidrag till förståelsen av interaktionsritualer och förslag på vidare forskning presenteras.
The subject of the thesis originates in the discovery of a pattern in Collins’ theory of interaction rituals. The pattern indicates that several important ideas and concepts in Collins’ theory can be conceived as individuals’ experiences of similarity. Based upon the discovery of this pattern, the aim of the thesis is to develop the basic features of a new theory that explains interaction rituals by centering upon individuals’ experiences of similarity. In order to accomplish the aim, the essay discusses four aspects of interaction rituals. In connection to the first aspect, an explanation is presented that reveals why individuals who experience similarity give each other support in their interaction rituals. Discussing the second aspect, the concept of effervescence of similarity is presented, which explains why experiences of similarity are crucial for generating emotional energy in interaction rituals. When developing the third aspect, a complete description of similarity theory is presented. Similarity theory explains interaction rituals by referring to individuals’ experiences of similarity. Finally, in the discussion of the fourth aspect, similarity theory is tested against empirical research. The concluding sections argue for ways in which similarity theory may contribute considerably to the understanding of interaction rituals. Also, suggestions for further research are presented.

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James, Brian M. „Ethnic identity among people of Mexican descent : a comparison of self reference, perception of similarity, and interaction preference /“. Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063347/.

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Muhammad, Fuad Muhammad Marwan. „Similarity Search in High-dimensional Spaces with Applications to Time Series Data Mining and Information Retrieval“. Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619953.

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Nous présentons l'un des principaux problèmes dans la recherche d'informations et de data mining, ce qui est le problème de recherche de similarité. Nous abordons ce problème dans une perspective essentiellement métrique. Nous nous concentrons sur des données de séries temporelles, mais notre objectif général est de développer des méthodes et des algorithmes qui peuvent être étendus aux autres types de données. Nous étudions de nouvelles méthodes pour traiter le problème de recherche de similarité dans des espaces haut-dimensionnels. Les nouvelles méthodes et algorithmes que nous introduisons sont largement testés et ils montrent une supériorité sur les autres méthodes et algorithmes dans la littérature.

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Rowley, James R. „Is long-term relationship satisfaction in couples correlated with similar partner self-schema or similarity of partner's self-schema to ideal-partner schema?“ CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1109.

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Hansson, Sofia, und Joanna Lövquist. „Samspelet mellan finansiella rådgivare och kunder“. Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Institutionen för ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8260.

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Background: Previous studies focused on customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. But no studies focused on the interaction between the financial advisor and their client. Therefore we have chosen to focus on this knowledge gap.Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate how the interaction between financial advisors and customers affect financial advisory in investment decision making.Method: The thesis philosophy was positivistic because patterns were found with help of a survey. Furthermore is the paper quantitative since the thesis is measurable and it try to explain the interaction between the financial advisors and the clients demographic characteristics and how it influence the financial advice Conclusion: The theories thin-slicing and similarity attraction paradigm may not apply to the interaction between financial advisor and client.
Bakgrund: Tidigare studier fokuserar på kundnöjdhet och kundlojalitet. Däremot saknas studier kring samspelet mellan finansiell rådgivare och kund. Därför har vi valt att fokusera på denna kunskapslucka Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa hur samspelet mellan finansiella rådgivare och kunder påverkar den finansiella rådgivningen vid ett investeringsbeslut. Metod: Uppsatsen har positivistisk undersökningsfilosofi då mönster hittades med hjälp av en undersökning. Vidare är uppsatsen kvantitativ eftersom den är mätbar och att den har undersökt om det finns några samband mellan den finansiella rådgivarens och kundens demografiska egenskaper samt om dessa påverkar rådgivningen. Slutsats: Teorierna thin-slicing och similarity attraction paradigm kan inte tillämpas i samspelet mellan finansiella rådgivare och kunder.

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Barbany, Puig Montserrat. „Three Dimensional Simulitary of Molecules with biological interest on the basis of molecular interaction potentials“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7146.

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Una de les àrees més prometedores en recerca biomèdica i farmacèutica és el disseny molecular computacional, que intenta establir relacions entre propietats físico-químiques i activitat biològica.
L'èxit d'aquestes tècniques depen críticament de la qualitat de la descripció molecular. En aquest sentit, metodologies basades en potencials d'interacció molecular (MIP) són eines útils per la comparació de compostos que presenten comportaments biològics semblants.
Aquest projecte desenvolupa eines per comparar molècules basades en la caracterització de llurs MIPs. El programa de similaritat molecular MIPsim ha estat desenvolupat i aplicat a diferents problemes biològics.
Aquesta tesi consisteix en quatre estudis científics que mostren l'ús del MIPSim en aliniament molecular, catalisi enzimàtica, en acoratge de molècules dins el lligand i en estudis 3D-QSAR.
One of the most promising areas in biomedical and pharmaceutical research is computer assisted molecular design, which tries to stablish relationships between physicochemical properties and biological activity.
The success of these techniques depends critically on the quality of the molecular description. In this sense, methodologies based on molecular interaction potentials (MIP) are useful tools for the comparison of compounds displaying related biological behaviours.
This project aims to develop tools to compare 'molecules based on the characterization 'of their MIPs. To this end, the molecular similarity program MIPSim has been further developed and applied to different biological problems.
This thesis consists on four scientific studies showing the use of MIPSim for molecular alignment, enzymatic catalysis, ligand-protein docking and 3D-QSAR analyses.

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Bücher zum Thema "Interaction similarity"

Language contact, inherited similarity and social difference: The story of linguistic interaction in the Maya Lowlands. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014.

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Bahrami, Bahador. Making the most of individual differences in joint decisions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.003.0004.

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Evidence for and against the idea that “two heads are better than one” is abundant. This chapter considers the contextual conditions and social norms that predict madness or wisdom of crowds to identify the adaptive value of collective decision-making beyond increased accuracy. Similarity of competence among members of a collective impacts collective accuracy, but interacting individuals often seem to operate under the assumption that they are equally competent even when direct evidence suggest the opposite and dyadic performance suffers. Cross-cultural data from Iran, China, and Denmark support this assumption of similarity (i.e., equality bias) as a sensible heuristic that works most of the time and simplifies social interaction. Crowds often trade off accuracy for other collective benefits such as diffusion of responsibility and reduction of regret. Consequently, two heads are sometimes better than one, but no-one holds the collective accountable, not even for the most disastrous of outcomes.

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Folkers, Gerd, Yvonne C. Martin und Hugo Kubinyi. 3D QSAR in Drug Design: Ligand-Protein Interactions and Molecular Similarity. Springer London, Limited, 2006.

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Kubinyi, Hugo. 3D QSAR in Drug Design: Ligand-Protein Interactions and Molecular Similarity. Springer, 2010.

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Guadagno, Rosanna E. Compliance. Herausgegeben von Stephen G. Harkins, Kipling D. Williams und Jerry Burger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859870.013.4.

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This chapter reviews the literature on compliance, a type of social influence that occurs when a person changes their behavior in response to a direct request. Specifically, I review research on compliance organized by the six classic principles of social influence (Cialdini, 2009)—reciprocity, commitment and consistency, authority, social validation or social proof, and liking and similarity, and examine how they are used to change peoples’ behaviors. Furthermore, this chapter reviews the mechanisms that underlie these principles, particularly mindlessness. Finally, this chapter concludes by examining whether this framework for understanding compliance applies to the new realm of social influence—social media—and calls for more research on the effectiveness of the principles of influence when the mode of interpersonal interaction is software based rather than in person.

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Cochrane, Ethan E. Ancient Fiji. Herausgegeben von Ethan E. Cochrane und Terry L. Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.016.

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Like the other archipelagos of Remote Oceania, Fiji was colonized by Lapita voyagers approximately 1000 b.c. Over the subsequent three millennia, Fijian populations underwent considerable change, resulting in the unique cultural, biological, and linguistic characteristics that differentiate Fiji from populations in both Polynesia to the east and Melanesia to the west. This essay summarizes the Lapita archaeology of the archipelago and later culture history including change in ceramic horizons, the spatial scale of interaction within the archipelago, and potential migrations into Fiji from other island groups. The rise of Fijian chiefdoms is also examined with these polities closely linked to increasing competition, fortifications, and defendable agricultural resources. Finally, artifactual, linguistic, and biological data characterizing Fijian populations are examined, and it is concluded that the generalization of Fiji as “not quite Melanesian, not quite Polynesian” can best be explained within a cultural transmission framework that separates analogous and homologous similarity.

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Norman, Alex. Tourism. Herausgegeben von Michael Stausberg und Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.34.

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Tourism is a characteristic component of modern global life, and is thus intertwined with religion, a similarly central component. Scholars of religion seeking to understand phenomena in which acts of travel and religions are combined need ways to think about the interactions of these two major social and historical forces. While historically the study of acts of travel and the practice of religions tended to focus on dichotomies of pilgrim/tourist and sacred/profane, contemporary scholars recognize the problematic nature of such concepts in analysis. With the rise of secularization, tourists interact with religions for their own purposes, rather than solely institutional ones. This chapter sets out the theoretical and methodological problems of the study of religions and tourism, and discusses how the prominence of leisure in Western societies drives interactions between tourists and religions, giving scholars important access points for the study of religions and cross-cultural interaction.

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Silliman, Brian R., Brent B. Hughes, Y. Stacy Zhang und Qiang He. Business as usual leads to underperformance in coastal restoration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0027.

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This chapter shows that coastal wetland projects are underperforming because of confirmation bias. Despite two decades of work showing that top-down control can be essential to marsh restoration, the potential role of top predators is typically ignored by those responsible for restoring or maintaining marshes. Similarly ignored are experiments that indicate positive interaction between marsh plants and can enhance the pace and success of restoration. By planting marsh plants at higher densities, marsh restoration success can double, and seagrass restoration can succeed in the face of increasing drought and eutrophication effects. Continued failure to integrate top-down control and facilitative species interactions into coastal restoration designs will result in widespread underperformance of wetland conservation projects and unrealized generation of important ecosystem services.

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Bindemann, Markus, Hrsg. Forensic Face Matching. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837749.001.0001.

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Person identification at passport control, at borders, in police investigations, and in criminal trials relies critically on the identity verification of people via image-to-image or person-to-image comparison. While this task is known as ‘facial image comparison’ in forensic settings, it has been studied as ‘unfamiliar face matching’ in cognitive science. This book brings together expertise from practitioners, and academics in psychology and law, to draw together what is currently known about these tasks. It explains the problem of identity impostors and how within-person variability and between-person similarity, due to factors such as image quality, lighting direction, and view, affect identification. A framework to develop a cognitive theory of face matching is offered. The face-matching abilities of untrained lay observers, facial reviewers, facial examiners, and super-recognizers are analysed and contrasted. Individual differences between observers, learning and training for face recognition and face matching, and personnel selection are reviewed. The admissibility criteria of evidence from face matching in legal settings are considered, focusing on aspects such as the requirement of relevance, the prohibition on evidence of opinion, and reliability. Key concepts relevant to automatic face recognition algorithms at airports and in police investigations are explained, such as deep convolutional neural networks, biometrics, and human–computer interaction. Finally, new security threats in the form of hyper-realistic mask disguises are considered, including the impact these have on person identification in applied and laboratory settings.

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Jacobsen, Dean, und Olivier Dangles. Energy flow and species interactions at the edge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 elucidates the relationships between the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems at high altitude through the description of material cycles and food webs. Following the landscape continuum model, material cycling is profoundly influenced by the physical structure of the waterscape (e.g. vegetation cover); as a result a great diversity of energetic pathways characterize high altitude waterscapes, along an autotrophy–heterotrophy gradient. Similarly, high altitude aquatic food webs embrace a great diversity of trophic compartments, feeding strategies, and processes (trophic cascades and terrestrial subsidiarity) that are profoundly shaped by environmental harshness. Harsh conditions also generate stress gradients along which the strength and direction of species interactions (from competition to facilitation) and their functional role (e.g. as ecosystem engineers) are modified. The resulting structural and functional changes affect in turn species coexistence and trigger potential ecosystem shifts.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Interaction similarity"

Colombo, Moreno. „Semantic Similarity Measures“. In Phenotropic Interaction, 49–69. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42819-7_4.

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Aerts, Sven, Kirsty Kitto und Laurianne Sitbon. „Similarity Metrics within a Point of View“. In Quantum Interaction, 13–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24971-6_3.

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Yearsley, James M., Emmanuel M. Pothos, James A. Hampton und Albert Barque Duran. „Towards a Quantum Probability Theory of Similarity Judgments“. In Quantum Interaction, 132–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15931-7_11.

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Cohen, Trevor, Dominic Widdows, Roger Schvaneveldt und Thomas C. Rindflesch. „Finding Schizophrenia’s Prozac Emergent Relational Similarity in Predication Space“. In Quantum Interaction, 48–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24971-6_6.

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Kalbaliyev, Emil, und Samir Rustamov. „Text Similarity Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithms with Character-Based Similarity Measures“. In Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence, 11–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74728-2_2.

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Knees, Peter, und Markus Schedl. „Listener-Centered Data Sources and Aspects: Traces of Music Interaction“. In Music Similarity and Retrieval, 161–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49722-7_7.

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Yang, Yifang, Yuping Wang und Yiu-ming Cheung. „Kernel Fuzzy Similarity Measure-Based Spectral Clustering for Image Segmentation“. In Human-Computer Interaction. Towards Intelligent and Implicit Interaction, 246–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39342-6_27.

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Nabeta, Keita, Akira Hatano, Hirotsugu Ishida, Masaomi Kimura, Michiko Ohkura und Fumito Tsuchiya. „The Similarity Index of Character Shape of Medicine Names Based on Character Shape Similarity (II)“. In Human-Computer Interaction. Design and Development Approaches, 628–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21602-2_68.

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Kimura, Masaomi, Yutaroh Furukawa, Akira Kojo, Hirotsugu Ishida, Keita Nabeta, Michiko Ohkura und Fumito Tsuchiya. „Appearance Similarity Index for Medicinal Ampoule Labels“. In Human-Computer Interaction. Design and Development Approaches, 588–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21602-2_64.

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Rai, Abhay Kumar, Rahul Kumar Yadav, Shashi Prakash Tripathi, Pawan Singh und Apurva Sharma. „A Novel Similarity-Based Method for Link Prediction in Complex Networks“. In Intelligent Human Computer Interaction, 309–18. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53830-8_32.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Interaction similarity"

Liu, Shengrui, und Wenrong Tan. „Multi-Scale and Similarity Interaction Modeling for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction Based on Graph Convolutional Neural Networks“. In 2024 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Blockchain (CCSB), 138–43. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccsb63463.2024.10735465.

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Spahn, Wolfgang. „Self-similarity“. In AfriCHI '18: 2nd African Conference for Human Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3283458.3283527.

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Hwang, Woochang, Taehyong Kim, Young-Rae Cho, Aidong Zhang und Murali Ramanathan. „SIGN: reliable protein interaction identification by integrating the Similarity In GO and the similarity in protein interaction Networks“. In 2007 IEEE 7th International Symposium on BioInformatics and BioEngineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibe.2007.4375752.

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Tirilly, Pierre, Xiangming Mu, Chunsheng Huang, Iris Xie, Wooseob Jeong und Jin Zhang. „On the consistency and features of image similarity“. In the 4th Information Interaction in Context Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2362724.2362754.

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Bernier, Emily P., und Brian Scassellati. „The similarity-attraction effect in human-robot interaction“. In 2010 IEEE 9th International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/devlrn.2010.5578828.

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Carnevale, Mauro, Feng Wang, Anthony B. Parry, Jeffrey S. Green und Luca di Mare. „Fan Similarity Model for the Fan-Intake Interaction Problem“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63868.

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Very high-bypass ratio turbofans with large fan tip diameter are an effective way of improving the propulsive efficiency of civil aero-engines. Such engines, however, require larger and heavier nacelles, which partially offset any gains in specific fuel consumptions. This drawback can be mitigated by adopting thinner walls for the nacelle and by shortening the intake section. This binds the success of very high-bypass ratio technologies to the problem of designing an intake with thin lips and short diffuser section which is well matched to a low speed fan. Consequently the prediction of the mutual influence between the fan and the intake flow represents a crucial step in the design process. Considerable effort has been devoted in recent years to the study of models for the effects of the fan on the lip stall characteristics and the operability of the whole installation. The study of such models is motivated by the wish to avoid the costs incurred by full, three-dimensional CFD computations. The present contribution documents a fan model for fan-intake computations based on the solution of the double linearization problem for unsteady, transonic flow past a cascade of aerofoils with finite mean load. The computation of the flow in the intake is reduced to a steady problem, whereas the computation of the flow in the fan is reduced to one steady problem and a set of solutions of the linearised model in the frequency domain. The nature of the approximations introduced in the fan representation is such that numerical solutions can be computed inexpensively, whilst the main feature of the flow in the fan passage, namely the shock system and an approximation of the unsteady flow encountered by the fan are retained. The model is applied to a well-documented test case and compares favourably with much more expensive three-dimensional, time domain computations.

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Mathews, Anurag, und S. M Taiabul Haque. „Exploring the Risks of Password Reuse across Websites of Different Importance“. In 12th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005468.

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This study attempts to simulate the different ways through which a malicious hacker may attempt to gain unauthorized access to user accounts by leveraging the similarities between multiple linked passwords of the same user. The issue of managing multiple password-protected accounts exemplifies the usability/security trade-off in cybersecurity. Users often reuse the same password, with little or no modifications, across websites of different importance, compromising the security of the high-value accounts. By combining syntactic similarity, dictionary attack, service-related keywords, and semantic similarity on a set of 62,213 linked passwords available from the leaked databases on the internet, 82.3% of the high-value passwords were cracked with an average of 1.82 seconds spent on each attempted password. Similarly, the syntactic method alone achieved an accuracy of 73.6% at 0.82 seconds spent per password attempted. We further connect our findings to the broader issues in cybersecurity and offer a few suggestions to protect the high-value accounts of the users.

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Choi, Hyunsoek, und Hyeyoung Park. „Measuring Similarity Between Matrix Objects for Pattern Recognition“. In HAI 2015: The Third International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2814940.2814967.

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Balatsoukas, Panos, und Ian Ruthven. „Graphical representation and similarity measurement of relevance judgments on the web“. In the 4th Information Interaction in Context Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2362724.2362771.

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Nishida, Hikaru, Yumi Wakita und Yotaro Iida. „The effect of topic-shift characteristics in daily conversation on identification of recognition errors“. In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002757.

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To support senior and reclusive citizens’ smooth conversations, we have developed a conversation support system named “associative board”. it recognizes their conversation and provides several suitable topics for speakers when their conversation progress not so smooth. However. If there are too many recognition errors the system will not be able to present suitable words. The misrecognized words identification function is necessary for our associative board system. In this study, we clarify the problems with conventional misrecognized words identification methods for recognizing daily casual conversation. As results of evaluation, the conventional misrecognized words identification is effective for the conversations with predefined topics, however for casual conversations without predefined topic, the identification is difficult. The distribution of semantic similarity values among words for casual conversation are broader than that with predefined topics. When the semantic similarity values are under 0.3, despite the correct recognition utterances, that semantic similarity values of the recognition results are often lower than that of the misrecognition results. The 21.7% to all topics are that case. That means when the casual conversations in which the topic-shifting occurs frequently, the misrecognized words identification is difficult. The semantic similarity among recognized words should be calculated constantly, and when the semantic similarity values are high continuously or are low rarely, the identification method could be used. When the semantic similarity values are low continuously, the error words extraction and correction process should be stopped.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Interaction similarity"

Tzfira, Tzvi, Michael Elbaum und Sharon Wolf. DNA transfer by Agrobacterium: a cooperative interaction of ssDNA, virulence proteins, and plant host factors. United States Department of Agriculture, Dezember 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695881.bard.

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Agrobacteriumtumefaciensmediates genetic transformation of plants. The possibility of exchanging the natural genes for other DNA has led to Agrobacterium’s emergence as the primary vector for genetic modification of plants. The similarity among eukaryotic mechanisms of nuclear import also suggests use of its active elements as media for non-viral genetic therapy in animals. These considerations motivate the present study of the process that carries DNA of bacterial origin into the host nucleus. The infective pathway of Agrobacterium involves excision of a single-stranded DNA molecule (T-strand) from the bacterial tumor-inducing plasmid. This transferred DNA (T-DNA) travels to the host cell cytoplasm along with two virulence proteins, VirD2 and VirE2, through a specific bacteriumplant channel(s). Little is known about the precise structure and composition of the resulting complex within the host cell and even less is known about the mechanism of its nuclear import and integration into the host cell genome. In the present proposal we combined the expertise of the US and Israeli labs and revealed many of the biophysical and biological properties of the genetic transformation process, thus enhancing our understanding of the processes leading to nuclear import and integration of the Agrobacterium T-DNA. Specifically, we sought to: I. Elucidate the interaction of the T-strand with its chaperones. II. Analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the T-complex and its chaperones in vitro. III. Analyze kinetics of T-complex formation and T-complex nuclear import. During the past three years we accomplished our goals and made the following major discoveries: (1) Resolved the VirE2-ssDNA three-dimensional structure. (2) Characterized VirE2-ssDNA assembly and aggregation, along with regulation by VirE1. (3) Studied VirE2-ssDNA nuclear import by electron tomography. (4) Showed that T-DNA integrates via double-stranded (ds) intermediates. (5) Identified that Arabidopsis Ku80 interacts with dsT-DNA intermediates and is essential for T-DNA integration. (6) Found a role of targeted proteolysis in T-DNA uncoating. Our research provide significant physical, molecular, and structural insights into the Tcomplex structure and composition, the effect of host receptors on its nuclear import, the mechanism of T-DNA nuclear import, proteolysis and integration in host cells. Understanding the mechanical and molecular basis for T-DNA nuclear import and integration is an essential key for the development of new strategies for genetic transformation of recalcitrant plant species. Thus, the knowledge gained in this study can potentially be applied to enhance the transformation process by interfering with key steps of the transformation process (i.e. nuclear import, proteolysis and integration). Finally, in addition to the study of Agrobacterium-host interaction, our research also revealed some fundamental insights into basic cellular mechanisms of nuclear import, targeted proteolysis, protein-DNA interactions and DNA repair.

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Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf und Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, Oktober 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phenomena relevant to them, which in turn has led to energy loss and poor quality products. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable prediction simulation tool for cohesive agricultural particle materials using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The specific objectives of this study were (1) to develop and verify a 3D cohesionless agricultural soil-tillage tool interaction model that enables the prediction of displacement and flow in the soil media, as well as forces acting on various tillage tools, using the discrete element method; (2) to develop a micro model for the DEM formulation by creating a cohesive contact model based on liquid bridge forces for various agriculture materials; (3) to extend the model to include both plastic and cohesive behavior of various materials, such as grain and soil structures (e.g., compaction level), textures (e.g., clay, loam, several grains), and moisture contents; (4) to develop a method to obtain the parameters for the cohesion contact model to represent specific materials. A DEM model was developed that can represent both plastic and cohesive behavior of soil. Soil cohesive behavior was achieved by considering tensile force between elements. The developed DEM model well represented the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force. Laboratory test results showed that wedge penetration resistance in highly compacted soil was two times greater than that in low compacted soil, whereas DEM simulation with parameters obtained from the test of low compacted soil could not simply be extended to that of high compacted soil. The modified model took into account soil failure strength that could be changed with soil compaction. A three dimensional representation composed of normal displacement, shear failure strength and tensile failure strength was proposed to design mechanical properties between elements. The model based on the liquid bridge theory. An inter particle tension force measurement tool was developed and calibrated A comprehensive study of the parameters of the contact model for the DEM taking into account the cohesive/water-bridge was performed on various agricultural grains using this measurement tool. The modified DEM model was compared and validated against the test results. With the newly developed model and procedure for determination of DEM parameters, we could reproduce the high compacted soil behavior and reaction forces both qualitatively and quantitatively for the soil conditions and wedge shapes used in this study. Moreover, the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force was well represented with the same parameters. During the research we made use of the commercial PFC3D to analyze soil tillage implements. An investigation was made of three different head drillers. A comparison of three commonly used soil tillage systems was completed, such as moldboard plow, disc plow and chisel plow. It can be concluded that the soil condition after plowing by the specific implement can be predicted by the DEM model. The chisel plow is the most economic tool for increasing soil porosity. The moldboard is the best tool for soil manipulation. It can be concluded that the discrete element simulation can be used as a reliable engineering tool for soil-implement interaction quantitatively and qualitatively.

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Tetzlaff, Sasha, Jinelle Sperry und Brett DeGregorio. You can go your own way : no evidence for social behavior based on kinship or familiarity in captive juvenile box turtles. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44923.

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Behavioral interactions between conspecific animals can be influenced by relatedness and familiarity. To test how kinship and familiarity influenced social behavior in juvenile Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina), 16 captive-born individuals were reared under semi-natural conditions in four equally sized groups, where each group comprised pairs of siblings and non-siblings. Using separation distance between pairs of turtles in rearing enclosures as a measure of gregariousness, we found no evidence suggesting siblings more frequently interacted with one another compared to non-relatives over the first five months of life. Average pair separation distance decreased during this time but may have been due to turtles aggregating around resources like heat and moist retreat areas as colder temperatures approached. At eight months old, we again measured repeated separation distances between unique pair combinations and similarly found no support for associations being influenced by kinship. Agonistic interactions between individuals were never observed. Based on our results, group housing and rearing of juvenile box turtles did not appear to negatively impact their welfare. Unlike findings for other taxa, our results suggest strategically housing groups of juvenile T. carolina to maintain social stability may not be an important husbandry consideration when planning releases of captive-reared individuals for conservation purposes.

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Tidd, Alexander N., Richard A. Ayers, Grant P. Course und Guy R. Pasco. Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package 6 final report development of a pilot relational data resource for the collation and interpretation of inshore fisheries data. Herausgegeben von Mark James und Hannah Ladd-Jones. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23452.

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[Extract from Executive Summary] The competition for space from competing sectors in the coastal waters of Scotland has never been greater and thus there is a growing a need for interactive seascape planning tools that encompass all marine activities. Similarly, the need to gather data to inform decision makers, especially in the fishing industry, has become essential to provide advice on the economic impact on fishing fleets both in terms of alternative conservation measures (e.g. effort limitations, temporal and spatial closures) as well as the overlap with other activities, thereby allowing stakeholders to derive a preferred option. The SIFIDS project was conceived to allow the different relevant data sources to be identified and to allow these data to be collated in one place, rather than as isolated data sets with multiple data owners. The online interactive tool developed as part of the project (Work Package 6) brought together relevant data sets and developed data storage facilities and a user interface to allow various types of user to view and interrogate the data. Some of these data sets were obtained as static layers which could sit as background data e.g. substrate type, UK fishing limits; whilst other data came directly from electronic monitoring systems developed as part of the SIFIDS project. The main non-static data source was Work Package 2, which was collecting data from a sample of volunteer inshore fishing vessels (<12m). This included data on location; time; vessel speed; count, time and position of deployment of strings of creels (or as fleets and pots as they are also known respectively); and a count of how many creels were hauled on these strings. The interactive online tool allowed all the above data to be collated in a specially designed database and displayed in near real time on the web-based application.

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Cahaner, Avigdor, Susan J. Lamont, E. Dan Heller und Jossi Hillel. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Complex Immunocompetence Traits in Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586461.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Evaluate Immunocompetence-OTL-containing Chromosomal Regions (ICRs), marked by microsatellites or candidate genes, for magnitude of direct effect and for contribution to relationships among multiple immunocompetence, disease-resistance, and growth traits, in order to estimate epistatic and pleiotropic effects and to predict the potential breeding applications of such markers. (2) Evaluate the interaction of the ICRs with genetic backgrounds from multiple sources and of multiple levels of genetic variation, in order to predict the general applicability of molecular genetic markers across widely varied populations. Background: Diseases cause substantial economic losses to animal producers. Emerging pathogens, vaccine failures and intense management systems increase the impact of diseases on animal production. Moreover, zoonotic pathogens are a threat to human food safety when microbiological contamination of animal products occurs. Consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues and antibiotic- resistant pathogens derived from animal products. The project used contemporary scientific technologies to investigate the genetics of chicken resistance to infectious disease. Genetic enhancement of the innate resistance of chicken populations provides a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to reduce microbial loads in agricultural populations. In turn, animals will be produced more efficiently with less need for drug treatment and will pose less of a potential food-safety hazard. Major achievements, conclusions and implications:. The PI and co-PIs had developed a refined research plan, aiming at the original but more focused objectives, that could be well-accomplished with the reduced awarded support. The successful conduct of that research over the past four years has yielded substantial new information about the genes and genetic markers that are associated with response to two important poultry pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (EC), about variation of immunocompetence genes in poultry, about relationships of traits of immune response and production, and about interaction of genes with environment and with other genes and genetic background. The current BARD work has generated a base of knowledge and expertise regarding the genetic variation underlying the traits of immunocompetence and disease resistance. In addition, unique genetic resource populations of chickens have been established in the course of the current project, and they are essential for continued projects. The US laboratory has made considerable progress in studies of the genetics of resistance to SE. Microsatellite-marked chromosomal regions and several specific genes were linked to SE vaccine response or bacterial burden and the important phenomenon of gene interaction was identified in this system. In total, these studies demonstrate the role of genetics in SE response, the utility of the existing resource population, and the expertise of the research group in conducting such experiments. The Israeli laboratories had showed that the lines developed by selection for high or low level of antibody (Ab) response to EC differ similarly in Ab response to several other viral and bacterial pathogens, indicating the existence of a genetic control of general capacity of Ab response in young broilers. It was also found that the 10w-Ab line has developed, possibly via compensatory "natural" selection, higher cellular immune response. At the DNA levels, markers supposedly linked to immune response were identified, as well as SNP in the MHC, a candidate gene responsible for genetic differences in immunocompetence of chickens.

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Lifschitz, Eliezer, und Elliot Meyerowitz. The Relations between Cell Division and Cell Type Specification in Floral and Vegetative Meristems of Tomato and Arabidopsis. United States Department of Agriculture, Februar 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613032.bard.

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Meristems were the central issue of our project. Genes that are required for cell division, cell elongation, cell proliferation and cell fate were studied in the tomato system. The analysis of the dUTPase and threonine deaminase genes, along with the dissection of their regulatory regions is completed, while that of the RNR2 and PPO genes is at an advanced stage. All these genes were isolated in our laboratory. In addition, 8 different MADS box genes were studied in transgenic plants and their genetic relevances discovered. We have also shown that a given MADS box gene can modify the polarity of cell division without affecting the fate of the organ. In vivo interaction between two MADS box genes was demonstrated and the functional dependency of the tomato agamous gene on the TM5 gene product established. We have exploited the Knotted1 meristematic gene in conjunction with tomato leaf meristematic genes to show that simple and compound leaves and, for that matter, sepals and compound leaves, are formed by two different developmental programs. In this context we have also isolated and characterized the tomato Knotted1 gene (TKnl) and studied its expression pattern. A new program in which eight different meristematic genes in tomato will be studied emerged as a result of these studies. In essence, we have shown that it is possible to study and manipulate plant developmental systems using reverse genetic techniques and have provided a wealth of new molecular tools to interested colleagues working with tomato. Similarly, genes responsible for cell division, cell proliferation and cell fate were studied in Arabidopsis floral meristems. Among these genes are the TSO1, TSO2, HANABA TARANU and UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS genes, each affecting in its own way the number of pattern of cell divisions, and cell fate, in developing Arabodopsis flowers. In addition, new methods have been established for the assessment of the function of regulatory gene action in the different clonal layers of developing floral meristems.

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Barefoot, Susan, Benjamin Juven, Thomas Hughes, Avraham Lalazar, A. B. Bodine, Yitzhak Ittah und Bonita Glatz. Characterization of Bacteriocins Produced by Food Bioprocessing Propionobacteria. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561061.bard.

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Objectives were to further characterize activity spectra of dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins, jenseniin G and propionicin PLG-1, purify them, examine the role of cell walls in resistance, examine their interactions with cytoplasmic membrane, explain producer immunity, and clone the responsible genes. Inhibitory spectra of both bacteriocins were further characterized. Propionicin was most effective in controlling Gram-positive, rather than Gram-negative organisms; it controlled growth of sensitive cells both in a culture medium and a model food system. Jenseniin inhibited yogurt cultures and may help prevent yogurt over-acidification. Both were active against botulinal spores; jenseniin was sporostatic; propionicin was sporicidal. Jenseniin was produced in broth culture, was stable to pH and temperature extremes, and was purified. Its molecular mass (3649 Da) and partial amino acid composition (74%) were determined. A blocked jenseniin N-terminus prevented sequencing. Methods to produce propionicin in liquid culture were improved, and large scale culture protocols to yield high titers were developed. Methods to detect and quantify propionicin activity were optimized and standardized. Stability of partially purified propionicin was demonstrated and an improved purification scheme was developed. Purified propionicin had a 9328-Da molecular mass, contained 99 amino acids, and was significantly hydrophobic; ten N-terminal amino acids were identified. Propionicin and Jenseniin interacted with cytoplasmic membranes; resistance of insensitive species was cell wall-related. Propionicin and jenseniin acted similarly; their mode of action appeared to differ from nisin. Spontaneous jenseniin-resistant mutants were resistant to propionicin but nisin-sensitive. The basis for producer immunity was not resolved. Although bacteriocin genes were not cloned, a jenseniin producer DNA clone bank and three possible vectors for cloning genes in propionibacteria were constructed. In addition, transposon Tn916 was conjugatively transferred to the propionicin producer from chromosomal and plasmid locations at transfer frequencies high enough to permit use of Tn916 for insertional mutagenesis or targeting genes in propionibacteria. The results provide information about the bacteriocins that further supports their usefulness as adjuncts to increase food safety and/or quality.

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Dudley, Lynn M., Uri Shani und Moshe Shenker. Modeling Plant Response to Deficit Irrigation with Saline Water: Separating the Effects of Water and Salt Stress in the Root Uptake Function. United States Department of Agriculture, März 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586468.bard.

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Standard salinity management theory, derived from blending thermodynamic and semi- empirical considerations leads to an erroneous perception regarding compensative interaction among salinity stress factors. The current approach treats matric and osmotic components of soil water potential separately and then combines their effects to compute overall response. With deficit water a severe yield decrease is expected under high salinity, yet little or no reduction is predicted for excess irrigation, irrespective of salinity level. Similarly, considerations of competition between chloride and nitrate ions have lead to compensation hypothesis and to application of excess nitrate under saline conditions. The premise of compensative interaction of growth factors behind present practices (that an increase in water application alleviates salinity stress) may result in collateral environmental damage. Over-irrigation resulting in salinization and elevated ground water threatens productivity on a global scale. Other repercussions include excessive application of nitrate to compensate for salinity, unwillingness to practice deficit irrigation with saline water, and under-utilization of marginal water. The objectives for the project were as follows: 1) To develop a database for model parameterization and validation by studying yield and transpiration response to water availability, excessive salinity and salt composition. 2) To modify the root sink terms of an existing mechanism-based model(s) of water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, and salt chemistry. 3) To develop conceptual and quantitative models of ion uptake that considers the soil solution concentration and composition. 4) To develop a conceptual and quantitative models of effects of NaCl and boron accumulation on yield and transpiration. 5) To add a user interface to the water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, chemistry model to make it easy for others to use. We conducted experiments in field plots and lysimeters to study biomass production and transpiration of com (Zeamays cv. Jubilee), melon (Cucumismelo subsp. melo cv. Galia), tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill. cv. 5656), onion (Alliumcepa L. cv. HA 944), and date palms (Phoenix Dactylifera L. cv. Medjool) under salinity combined with water or with nitrate (growth promoters) or with boron (growth inhibitor). All factors ranged from levels not limiting to plant function to severe inhibition. For cases of combined salinity with water stress, or excess boron, we observed neither additive nor compensative effects on plant yield and transpiration. In fact, yield and transpiration at each combination of the various factors were primarily controlled by one of them, the most limiting factor to plant activity. We proposed a crop production model of the form Yr = min{gi(xi), where Yr = Yi ym-1 is relative yield,Ym is the maximum yield obtained in each experiment, Xi is an environmental factor, gi is a piecewise-linear response function, Yi is yield of a particular treatment. We selected a piecewise-linear approach because it highlights the irrigation level where the response to one factor ceases and a second factor begins. The production functions generate response "envelopes" containing possible yields with diagonal lines represent response to Xi alone and the lines parallel to the X-axis represent response to salinity alone. A multiplicative model was also derived approximating the limiting behaviour for incorporation in a hydrochemical model. The multiplicative model was selected because the response function was required to be continuous. The hydrochemical model was a better predictor of field-measured water content and salt profiles than models based on an additive and compensative model of crop response to salinity and water stress.

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Duvvuri, Sarvani, und Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Researching Relationships between Truck Travel Time Performance Measures and On-Network and Off-Network Characteristics. Mineta Transportation Institute, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1946.

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Trucks serve significant amount of freight tonnage and are more susceptible to complex interactions with other vehicles in a traffic stream. While traffic congestion continues to be a significant ‘highway’ problem, delays in truck travel result in loss of revenue to the trucking companies. There is a significant research on the traffic congestion mitigation, but a very few studies focused on data exclusive to trucks. This research is aimed at a regional-level analysis of truck travel time data to identify roads for improving mobility and reducing congestion for truck traffic. The objectives of the research are to compute and evaluate the truck travel time performance measures (by time of the day and day of the week) and use selected truck travel time performance measures to examine their correlation with on-network and off-network characteristics. Truck travel time data for the year 2019 were obtained and processed at the link level for Mecklenburg County, Wake County, and Buncombe County, NC. Various truck travel time performance measures were computed by time of the day and day of the week. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to select the average travel time (ATT), planning time index (PTI), travel time index (TTI), and buffer time index (BTI) for further analysis. On-network characteristics such as the speed limit, reference speed, annual average daily traffic (AADT), and the number of through lanes were extracted for each link. Similarly, off-network characteristics such as land use and demographic data in the near vicinity of each selected link were captured using 0.25 miles and 0.50 miles as buffer widths. The relationships between the selected truck travel time performance measures and on-network and off-network characteristics were then analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The results indicate that urban areas, high-volume roads, and principal arterial roads are positively correlated with the truck travel time performance measures. Further, the presence of agricultural, light commercial, heavy commercial, light industrial, single-family residential, multi-family residential, office, transportation, and medical land uses increase the truck travel time performance measures (decrease the operational performance). The methodological approach and findings can be used in identifying potential areas to serve as truck priority zones and for planning decentralized delivery locations.

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Chalutz, Edo, Michael Wisniewski, Samir Droby, Yael Eilam und Ilan Chet. Mode of Action of Yeast Biocontrol Agents of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, Juni 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613025.bard.

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In a previous BARD-supported study, three of the investigators of this research were involved in a study on biological control of postharvest diseases of citrus and deciduous fruits. Several naturally occurring, non-antibiotic producing yeast antagonists were identified. Application of some of these antagonists resulted in very high levels of biocontrol under laboratory conditions but lower efficacy in semi-commercial tests. It was felt that the lack of knowledge on the mode of action of the biocontrol agents was limiting their efficient use. The current study was aimed at narrowing this gap in our knowledge. Two specific objectives were outlined: to study the mechanism by which calcium salts enhance biocontrol activity and to determine the role, if any, of the yeast extracellular materials and/or enzymes which degrade fungal cell walls during the interaction between the antagonists, the pathogen and the host. CaCl2 but not MgCl2, inhibited spore germination, and germ-tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and P. digitatum in culture. It also inhibited the pectinolytic activity of the pathogens. Biocontrol of apple decay by isolate 182 of Candida oleophila, an effective biocontrol agent, was enhanced by the addition of CaCl2 whereas there was no effect on the biocontrol activity of isolate 247 of this yeast. Similarly, CaCl2 enhanced efficacy of the US-7 isolate of Pichia guilliermondii in reducing infection of P. digitatum in citrus fruit. CaCl2 by itself also reduced the infection of peel wounds and stimulated ethylene production by grapefruit peel. This antagonist exhibited a very high ability to maintain cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis when exposed to high CaCl2 concentrations. It is postulated, therefore, that enhanced biocontrol activity by calcium is the result of direct inhibition of the pathogen by calcium ions on spore germination and metabolism and indirectly due to the ability of the biocontrol agent to maintain normal metabolism in the presence of high levels of calcium. The extracellular materials produced by P. guilliermondii in culture and on the fruit inhibited, at low concentrations, the pathogen in culture and reduced percent infection of the fruit. The direct inhibition of the pathogen by these materials may thus be involved in the mode of action of the antagonist. This study contributed to our knowledge on the action of calcium salts and the yeast antagonist extracellular materials on biocontrol activity and will contribute to a more efficient use of this technology in the control of postharvest diseases of fruits.

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