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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Interaction radiation-Matière“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Interaction radiation-Matière"
Lomonaco, Julien. „Modeling of total ionizing dose effects for multiscale simulation : from SOI devices to integrated circuit“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of the thesis is to develop a multiscale simulation chain of the ionizing dose effects in SOI technologies to assess integrated circuit degradations. This phenomenon originates from the permanent degradation of dielectrics, inducing a drift in time of the electrical characteristics of transistors and thus of the performances of the circuit that they constitute. This simulation chain, which is validated experimentally, is intended to assist designers of radiation-hardened circuits, in order to guide them towards the optimal hardening solutions. Firstly, TCAD simulations are performed, at device scale, to relate current-voltage curves degradations to the origin of charge build-up and how PDSOI and FDSOI behaviors influence the device response. Secondly, models for quantifying the charge build-up in the oxides are developped in order to be used in standard models. Thirdly, a case study on a voltage reference is presented in order to validate the relevance of the simulation chain
Offret, Julien-Pierre. „Détermination des champs de température et de concentration dans un jet gazeux par mesures couplées LIDAR et spectrométriques“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100144/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe knowledge and control of the temperature and concentration of combustion products are key parameters to understand and improve engine efficiency. The measurement of temperature and concentration will improve combustion machines and quantify the pollutant emissions in the air (such as CO, CO2, NO, NO2, SO2, aerosols, soot and volatile organic compounds) which are important environmental issues. Combustion processes are inhomogeneous. Current methods are substantially methods for the detection and not for quantification. We propose an original method based on the characterization of temperature and concentration profiles coupling the benefits of an active backscattering method (Rayleigh LIDAR, Light Detection And Ranging) of a laser pulse with passive spectroscopic measurements. The first method is based on Rayleigh scattering and is sensitive to spatial temperature profiles and the second is particularly sensitive to the maximum temperature and to gas concentration. This study was supported by REI (Exploratory Research and Innovation): " Flows thrusters characterization by emission and LIDAR " in collaboration with the FEMTO-ST laboratory located in Belfort, ONERA and the MBDA company
Lobet, Mathieu. „Effets radiatifs et d'électrodynamique quantique dans l'interaction laser-matière ultra-relativiste“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0361/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis is concerned with the regime of extreme-intensity laser-matter interaction that should be accessed on upcoming multi-petawatt facilities (e.g. CILEX-Apollon, ELI, IZEST). At intensities IL > 1022 Wcm-2, the relativistic dynamics of the laser-driven electrons becomes significantly modified by high-energy radiation emission through nonlinear inverse Compton scattering. For IL > 1023 Wcm-2, the emitted-ray photons can, in turn, interact with the laser field and decay into electron-positron pairs via the nonlinear Breit-Wheeler process. These quantum electrodynamic processes, which until recently could only be explored on large-scale particle accelerators, can greatly alter the "standard" mechanisms of laser-plasma interaction, and therefore its overall energy budget. In order to model their intricate interplay with the laser-induced plasma processes, they have been implemented within the particle-in-cell code calder developed at CEA. In a first part, we study these QED processes in the interaction of an ultra-intense laser with a micrometric overdense target. It is found that the laser-to--ray energy conversion efficiency can by far exceed 10% for intensities IL > 1023 Wcm-2, while copious pair production (through pair cascading) kicks in for IL > 1024 Wcm-2. In a second part, we consider positron generation in the collision between a GeV electron bunch issued from a laser-wake eld accelerator and a counterpropagating laser pulse. In a third part, we analyze a prospective scheme of astrophysical interest, consisting in the collision between two dense pair plasmas produced from solid targets irradiated at 1024 Wcm-2 showing a fast-growing magnetic lamentation instability amplified by intense synchrotron emission
Kistler, Marc. „Dimensionnement d'un tomographe à haute énergie pour le contrôle non-destructif d'objets massifs“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs part of its research and development activities on non-destructive characterisation, CEA utilizes a high-energy photonic imaging system. This instrument, unique in France, allows radiographic and tomographic analyses on large objects (e.g., nuclear waste drums). The "Laboratoire de Mesures Nucléaires", responsible for running research projects in the facility, has launched a major upgrade of the system by providing a new higher energy X-ray source and a new mechanical bench possessing a 5 t load, which allows the characterisation of thick objects (up to 140 cm concrete thickness). This PhD thesis concerns the characterisation and commissioning of the new computed tomography (CT) system and introduces new examination modalities, such as dual-energy CT.The first part of the thesis is a comprehensive study of the performance of the upgraded CT system, specifically regarding penetration capacity and spatial resolution and concerning both the X-ray source and the detection system. The X-ray source is a linear accelerator called Saturne, which has been repackaged to reach energies between 15 and 20 MeV with dose rates greater than 100 Gy/min. Simulation is used to assess the expected features of this source: spectra, focal spots and dose rates. Parallel comparison among three detectors -a series of non-abutting CdTe semiconductor sensors, a linear camera with segmented CdWO4 scintillators and horizontal screens of CsI filmed by low noise cameras - assessed the most suitable detection system. All three detection systems are studied using a quantum accounting analysis that highlights potentials and limitations of each system and enables measurement of complementary indicators of their performance: detector quantum efficiency, signal to noise ratio, spatial resolution and dynamic range. This theoretical study is completed, corrected and validated by experimental measurement campaigns. This extensive study predicts the expected performance when combined with the Saturne accelerator, allowing selection of the most appropriate detector for the imaging of large objects.The second part of the thesis concerns the development of a new method for the characterisation of materials by dual-energy CT, allowing a better assessment of the effective atomic number and the density of the material. The state of the art of current techniques highlights the potential interesting method for the characterising nuclear waste: the double effect decomposition. Initially developed for lower energy X-ray imaging, it has been adapted to match the energy range of the CT system by adapting the photon/matter interactions taken into account in the process. The method has been tested and validated on tomographic simulations obtained with the simulation code MODHERATO.This PhD work has shown that the new CT system of the CEA Cadarache has the potential to characterise massive objects with a satisfactory image quality and milli-scale spatial resolution. It also opens opportunities for the execution of dual-energy CT evaluations allowing the assessment of the atomic number and density of materials composing the examined objects
Marthe, Jimmy. „Élaboration par projection plasma d'un revêtement bicouche d'alumine réfléchissant et diffusant. Contribution à la compréhension des phénomènes interaction rayonnement/matière“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0258/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study deals with the manufacturing of reflecting and scattering coatings by plasma spraying process. By the selection of operating parameters and the control of the coatings microstructure, the first part of this work presents the elaboration of a micro/nanostructured bilayer material in alumina with a reflectance up to 90 % in the near UV-Visible range of wavelength. The feasibility of larger pieces (0.25m2) is demonstrated and the different characterizations for inserting the material in the Laser MegaJoule are performed. In a second part, from characterizations of the microstructure (by SEM, Hg Porosimetry, USAXS) and the chemical composition (DRX, X fluorescence), the improvement of the reflectance in the near-UV thanks to the nanostructured layer is explained, on the one hand, by the less absorbing crystallographic phase and, on the other hand, by the smaller and numerous pores. Moreover, the characterization of the radiation properties by the Radiation Transfer Equation inversion brings new elements for understanding the phenomena during radiation/porous media interaction and to determine the spatial repartition of the scattering radiation. The aim of the last part is to set up the different tools which are necessary to compute simulations of plasma-sprayed coatings optical behavior. From the microstructure analysis, a tridimensional numerical representation of each layer is suggested. The resolution of Maxwell equations is performed by FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) method. The model is validated and some first simulations are realized
Carrier-Vallieres, Simon. „Towards reliable, intense and high repetition-rate laser-driven ion beamlines“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0224.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParticle accelerators attract a lot of attention in the scientific and non-scientific community as a result of their wide applicability in fields ranging from fundamental sciences, medicine to industrial applications. This doctoral work stands at the forefront of laser-based ion accelerators, and pushes forward their development to make them more competitive ion sources compared to conventional particle accelerators. For achieving higher competitiveness, laser-driven ion sources must be compact, cost-effective, reliable, intense and operated at high repetition-rates, which all together yield ion beam characteristics that cannot be realistically matched by any other kind of ion accelerator. To do so, the general effort of this doctoral work tackled three different aspects of laser-based ion acceleration, namely precise target alignment, improved targetry using nanostructures and the development of efficient particle diagnostics. The endeavor required to perform equivalent amounts of numerical work, through simulations using High Performance Computing, as well as experimental work, by implementing a cutting-edge ion beamline at the Advanced Laser Light Source (ALLS) 100 TW facility and to carry out several experimental campaigns abroad.The first part of the work aims at improving the reliability of ion beams through the precise positioning of solid targets used in laser-driven ion acceleration. For this purpose, a Target Positioning Interferometer (TPI) that reaches subwavelength positioning precision was developed. The TPI’s novel design is a modified Michelson interferometer that incorporates an aspherical converging lens in the target arm to transform it from a relative to an absolute positioning device, having a single unambiguity point in space. The high positioning accuracy is also achieved by a numerical fringe analysis algorithm that maximizes the extraction of signals with high signal-to-noise ratio, in an optimized timeframe. The development of a fast algorithm is crucial to make the TPI a viable solution for its implementation in a laser-based ion accelerator.The second part of the work is focused on enhancing the acceleration mechanism to generate higher ion numbers and kinetic energies, leading to more intense ion bunches. The solid targets used are typically flat metallic targets which allow for less than 10% of laser energy absorption, thereby limiting the laser-to-ion conversion efficiency to a few percent. A way to increase this conversion efficiency is by using target surface nanostructuration to trap the incoming laser pulse, ultimately leading to a greater energy transfer to the ions. We have shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that a careful optimization of a nanostructure’s geometrical parameters, in particular for nanospheres and nanowires, leads to multiple-fold enhancements of ion numbers and kinetic energies, compared to the use of the same laser pulse incident on flat targets of the same material.The final part of the work is dedicated to the development of efficient particle diagnostics suitable for being implemented on high repetition-rate laser-based ion beamlines. We first performed the absolute number calibration of the new EBT-XD type of radiochromic films (RCF). The EBT-XD exhibit larger dose detection range and higher minimum energy threshold compared to their EBT3 counterpart, hence more suitable for intense ion beamlines. A severe response quenching was remarked when the Bragg peak of the measured particle falls directly within the active layer of the RCF, causing significant particle number misestimation errors. Finally, we have developed a Thomson Parabola (TP) and Time-of-Flight cross-calibrated set of particle diagnostics that were incorporated on the ALLS 100 TW ion beamline. The TP spectrometer uses a microchannel plate (MCP) detector that was calibrated from single proton impacts to reconstruct the response function of the MCP detection system
Giesen, Gaelle. „Dark Matter Indirect Detection with charged cosmic rays“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112160/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOverwhelming evidence for the existence of Dark Matter (DM), in the form of an unknownparticle filling the galactic halos, originates from many observations in astrophysics and cosmology: its gravitational effects are apparent on galactic rotations, in galaxy clusters and in shaping the large scale structure of the Universe. On the other hand, a non-gravitational manifestation of its presence is yet to be unveiled. One of the most promising techniques is the one of indirect detection, aimed at identifying excesses in cosmic ray fluxes which could possibly be produced by DM annihilations or decays in the Milky Way halo. The current experimental efforts mainly focus in the GeV to TeV energy range, which is also where signals from WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are expected. Focussing on charged cosmic rays, in particular antiprotons, electrons and positrons, as well as their secondary emissions, an analysis of current and forseen cosmic ray measurements and improvements on astrophysical models are presented. Antiproton data from PAMELA imposes contraints on annihilating and decaying DM which are similar to (or even slightly stronger than) the most stringent bounds from gamma ray experiments, even when kinetic energies below 10 GeV are discarded. However, choosing different sets of astrophysical parameters, in the form of propagation models and halo profiles, allows the contraints to span over one or two orders of magnitude. In order to exploit fully the power of antiprotons to constrain or discover DM, effects which were previously perceived as subleading turn out to be relevant especially for the analysis of the newly released AMS-02 data. In fact, including energy losses, diffusive reaccelleration and solar modulation can somewhat modify the current bounds, even at large DM masses. A wrong interpretation of the data may arise if they are not taken into account. Finally, using the updated proton and helium fluxes just released by the AMS-02 experiment, the astrophysical antiproton to proton ratio and its uncertainties are reevaluated and compared to the preliminarly reported AMS-02 measurements. No unambiguous evidence for a significant excess with respect to expectations is found. Yet, some preference for thicker halos and a flatter energy dependence of the diffusion coefficient starts to emerge. New stringed constraints on DM annihilation and decay are derived. Secondary emissions from electrons and positrons can also be used to constrain DM annihilation or decay in the galactic halo. The radio signal due to synchrotron radiation of electrons and positrons on the galactic magnetic field, gamma rays from bremsstrahlung processes on the galactic gas densities and from Inverse Compton scattering processes on the interstellar radiation field are considered. With several magnetic field configurations, propagation scenarios and improved gas density maps and interstellar radiation field, state-of-art tools allowing the computaion of synchrotron and bremssttrahlung radiation for any WIMP DM model are provided. All numerical results for DM are incorporated in the release of the Poor Particle Physicist Coookbook for DM Indirect Detection (PPPC4DMID). Finally, the possible GeV gamma-ray excess identified in the Fermi-LAT data from the Galactic Center in terms of DM annihilation, either in hadronic or leptonic channels is studied. In order to test this tantalizing interprestation, a multi-messenger approach is used: first, the computation of secondary emisison from DM with respect to previous works confirms it to be relevant for determining the DM spectrum in leptonic channels. Second, limits from antiprotons severely constrain the DM interpretation of the excess in the hadronic channel, for standard assumptions on the Galactic propagation parameters and solar modulation. However, they considerably relax if more conservative choices are adopted
Moreau, Thomas. „Etude numérique et développement de spectromètres embarquables de particules chargées“. Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJu, Jinchuan. „Electron acceleration and betatron radiation driven by laser wakefield inside dielectric capillary tubes“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861267.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Interaction radiation-Matière"
1939-, Hatano Y., Katsumura Yosuke und Mozumder A, Hrsg. Charged particle and photon interactions with matter: Recent advances, applications, and interfaces. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2010.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenA, Mozumder, und Hatano Y. 1939-, Hrsg. Charged particle and photon interactions with matter: Chemical, physiochemical, and biological consequences with applications. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2004.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenMozumder, A., Yosuke Katsumura und Yoshihiko Hatano. Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter. Taylor & Francis Group, 2010.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenCharged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenMozumder, A., Yosuke Katsumura und Yoshihiko Hatano. Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter: Recent Advances, Applications, and Interfaces. Taylor & Francis Group, 2010.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden