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1
Zultan M, Achmad, und Eko Sariyanto. „Analisis Pengaruh Aksesibilitas Ruas Jalan Yos Sudarso, Jalan Jendral Sudirman, dan Jalan Mulawarman Terhadap Nilai Jual Lahan di Kota Tarakan“. Borneo Engineering : Jurnal Teknik Sipil 1, Nr. 2 (25.12.2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35334/be.v1i2.598.
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One of the steps that taken by the Government of Tarakan City in supporting the development of the city is by the way of developing transportation of infrastructure in the form of a road network that aims to provide accessibility, for making it easier for people to do the movement. This study aims to find out the sale value of land for connection with the accessibility of the road and to know the accessibility factor of the road that has the most influence on the sale value of land in the city of Tarakan. Sampling was conducted on three streets namely, Yos Sudarso road, Mulawarman road, and Sudirman road as the location of this research. From the data that obtained were analyzed by using statistical analysis that using by multiple regression. For this analysis shows that the results of 70.6% of the variable sale value of land can be explained by the intensity variable of city transportation. The most influential accessibility factor of the sale value of land is the intensity of city transportation, which every addition of public transportation 8 vehicle / hour will increase the sale value of land amounted to Rp. 394,527.40 per m².
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Pelgrim, J. P., und A. Meulemans. „Piqûres d'hyménoptères en salle d'urgence“. Réanimation Urgences 8, Nr. 8 (Dezember 1999): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1164-6756(00)87578-7.
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Yurtseven, Ömer, und Burak Günalp. „A panel data analysis of the determinants of advertising intensity in the Turkish manufacturing sector“. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 11, Nr. 3 (24.09.2023): 1026–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v11i3.2278.
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This study investigates the determinants of advertising intensity using panel data on 66 four-digit Turkish manufacturing industries from 1993–1999. The results from pooled OLS and fixed-effects regressions support a quadratic relationship between advertising intensity and concentration: Advertising intensity first increases with the concentration ratio, and when the concentration ratio rises above a certain threshold, increases in the concentration ratio decrease the advertising intensity. The results also indicate that more profitable and faster-growing industries advertise more intensively. Product durability, exporting intensity, and the sale of consumer goods appear to be additional factors influencing advertising intensity. However, the evidence regarding these factors is not very strong.
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Martaleni, Martaleni, Ferdian Hendrasto, Noor Hidayat, Amin Alfandy Dzikri und Ni Nyoman Kerti Yasa. „Flash sale and online impulse buying: Mediation effect of emotions“. Innovative Marketing 18, Nr. 2 (15.04.2022): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.18(2).2022.05.
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Flash sale (FS) is a marketing strategy that is widely used and developed in sales through e-commerce. The implementation of the FS strategy is to provide discounts or special propositions on products offered within a certain time limit. Time restrictions aim to encourage consumers’ emotions to make impulse buying (IB). This study examines the effect of consumer emotions as a mediating variable on IB among Shoppee consumers in Indonesia caused by FS activities that are not carried out on certain important days. The required data were collected through the distribution of online questionnaires to respondents who, in the last three months, had made transactions through Shoppee e-commerce platform. A total of 150 questionnaires are analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results of the analysis show that the flash sale strategy carried out by the Shoppee e-commerce platform in Indonesia has a direct effect on increasing consumer emotions. This means that the higher the intensity of the FS promotion, the stronger the influence on consumer emotions. Emotions increase IB. FS has no significant effect on increasing IB. Subsequent findings show that FS indirectly has a positive and significant effect on IB through emotions. In other words, this study proves that the emotions are a mediating variable in online IB. This study is helpful for companies in developing appropriate strategies for their promotions in utilizing consumers’ impulse buying behavior by using strategies that trigger consumers’ emotions.
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Afanasiev, Yevhen, und Nadjib Fertas. „DIAGNOSTICS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF THE RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE CONTEXT OF INNOVATIVE NEEDS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DYNAMICS OF INTENSITY OF MARKETS FOR SALE OF COMMODITY PRODUCTS“. Economic Analysis, Nr. 32(1) (2022): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2022.01.136.
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The article is based on the idea of forming conceptual foundations for diagnostics of the competitiveness of the resource potential of the enterprise based on the study of relevant innovation needs taking into account the dynamics of the intensity of markets for sale of commodity products. The relevance and importance of this study is emphasized by modern globalization and transformation processes in commodity markets, especially in markets of raw materials. Fluctuations in prices and rapid dynamics of change in both supply and demand require to ensure the stable development of the study of enterprises and analysis of competitiveness of their resource potential in order to form a further strategy for their successful development. The article develops tools for assessing the level of competitiveness of the resource potential of the enterprise in the context of innovation needs taking into account the dynamics of the intensity of markets for sale of commodity products based on the criterion of profit maximization «marginal revenue marginal costs». On the basis of the conducted research the diagnostics of the level of competitiveness of the resource potential of the enterprise in the context of innovation needs taking into account the dynamics of intensity of markets for sale of commodity products, on which basis it is proposed to build an evaluation matrix. It is offered to apply a methodical approach of construction of a range of diagnostics of dynamics of change of a ratio of the net income and prime costs of the sold production of the enterprise. Using the data of financial statements, the calculation of quantitative values of the multiplicative integrated indicator of competitiveness of the resource potential of the enterprise in the context of the dynamics of markets for sale of commodity products (pellets) of PJSC «Poltava GZK» by the criterion «marginal revenue marginal costs» in 2014, the integrated assessments of the level of competitiveness of the resource potential were built depending on the trends of its state in the context of the relevance of innovation needs, and taking into account the dynamics of the intensity of markets for sale of commodity products. According to the diagnostics of the dynamics of changes in the ratio of net income and cost of sales of the enterprise based on the criterion of profit maximization «marginal revenue marginal costs» it was concluded that there is no special need for innovative changes at the moment at PJSC «Poltava GZK».
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Eliseeva, L. G., P. I. Tokarev, N. O. Rakov, P. G. Molodkina und D. S. Timofeeva. „Quality management in the import and sale of tropical and subtropical fruits“. Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), Nr. 11 (22.10.2023): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2311-02.
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An analysis of the dynamics of the market for fruits imported to Russia has been carried out. The market volume, exporters, and sales volume of tropical fruits in Russia have been studied. The factors shaping the quality of tropical fruits are considered. When ensuring logistics, customs clearance, and storage in distribution centers, it is necessary to take into account the actual degree of maturity of climacteric fruits and manage technological regimes at all stages of product distribution, with regard to the physiological state of the product. The work studies the influence of temperature conditions of storage and ripening of avocado fruits on the duration of storage of fruits and the intensity of the processes responsible for their ripening. The values of respiration intensity and ethylene concentration during storage of avocado fruits, which make it possible to determine the degree of ripeness of the fruit and control the duration of their storage, have been established.
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Huang, Yasheng, Yue Ma, Zhi Yang und Yifan Zhang. „A fire sale without fire: An explanation of labor-intensive FDI in China“. Journal of Comparative Economics 44, Nr. 4 (November 2016): 884–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2016.04.007.
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Bossard, J., P. Bernard-Mattray, J. Karch, V. Signoud, A. Michelet, C. Guyenon, I. Ciocan und D. Tavernier. „Optimisation de la salle d’accueil des urgences vitales“. Journal Européen des Urgences 22 (Juni 2009): A177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeur.2009.03.192.
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Antczak, Tomasz, und Rafał Weron. „Point of Sale (POS) Data from a Supermarket: Transactions and Cashier Operations“. Data 4, Nr. 2 (11.05.2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4020067.
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As queues in supermarkets seem to be inevitable, researchers try to find solutions that can improve and speed up the checkout process. This, however, requires access to real-world data for developing and validating models. With this objective in mind, we have prepared and made publicly available high-frequency datasets containing nearly six weeks of actual transactions and cashier operations from a grocery supermarket belonging to one of the major European retail chains. This dataset can provide insights on how the intensity and duration of checkout operations changes throughout the day and week.
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PRATIWI, Sang Ayu Kompyang Dian, I. Ketut DARMA und Anak Agung Sri PURNAMI. „Characteristics Of The Informal Sector In Denpasar City“. Journal of Tourism Economics and Policy 2, Nr. 1 (30.04.2022): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/jtep.v2i1.205.
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This research aim to determine the characteristics of the informal sector in the city Denpasar. The sample of this study was 50 respondents who were taken based on non probability sampling and data collection instruments use are questionnaire. The result of this study indicates that the characteristics of informal sector workers when viewed from the social side which is dominated by workers with education last high school (56%), meried status (72%), type of main job (56%), morning working hours (07.00-finished) (64%), daily sales intensity (80%), with fixed place of sale (56%), the average length of sale is less than 5 years (50%), with their own workers (68%). Characteristics when viewed from the demographic side which is dominated by women (58%), with an age range of 27 to more than 40 years (28%), from Karangasem regency (34%), where they live contracting/leasing (58% ), the type of merchandise sold is in the from of goods mixed (34%), with holiday intensity never having a day off (70%). Characteristics of the informal sector when viewed from the economic side, namely strating with initial capital an average or more than Rp. 400,000 (40%), and average monthly income an average of more than Rp. 1,100,000. from Karangasem regency (34%), where they live contracting/leasing (58%), the type of merchandise sold is in the from of goods mixed (34%), with holiday intensity never having a day off (70%).
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Fataron, Zuhdan Ady. „The Impact of Shopee's Youtube Ads Shopee Version 4.4 Mega Elektronik Sale on Purchase Intention“. Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry 3, Nr. 1 (30.04.2021): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jdmhi.2021.3.1.7442.
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Shopee's e-commerce in recent years has dominated the Indonesian online market because it offers a variety of attractive features. The support for Youtube Ads makes it easier for businesses to offer their products online. Shopee ads are packaged in Youtube Ads with a tagline that can spark consumer interest. One of the Shopee Ad taglines is Shopee 4.4 Mega Elektronik Sale. This tagline is quite booming considering that electronics is a part of modernization which is the basic need of generation Z. This study aims to measure how far the exposure of Shopee's 4.4 version of Shopee's advertisement is. Mega Elektronik Sale: New Refrigerator, Price Slams 50% on student buying interest. The novelty in this study refers to Youtube's capacity as an advertising medium to influence student purchase intentions as the largest market share of electronic products. The research is structured with a quantitative approach with a survey method. The results showed that 44% of students' buying interest was influenced by the Shopee advertisement version of the Shopee 4.4 Mega Elektronik Sale. The Shopee ad version of Shopee 4.4 Mega Elektronik Sale has a positive and significant effect on buying interest with a fairly strong correlation value, namely 0.663 which indicates that the stronger the advertising intensity can directly increase student buying interest.
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DEACONU, Adela, Dorina LAZAR, Anuta BUIGA und Gheorghe FATACEAN. „MARGINAL PRICES OF IMPROVEMENTS MADE TO BLOCKS OF FLATS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM ROMANIA“. International Journal of Strategic Property Management 20, Nr. 2 (13.06.2016): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2015.1121415.
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This paper examines a specific segment of the housing markets from Central and Eastern European countries, namely the stock of flats in the urban area. With focus on Romania, we emphasize the improvements made by owners and authorities, aimed to enhance the quality of life and the maintenance of old blocks of flats; are highlighted some aspects regarding the cost of these improvements. In addition, the empirical section investigates whether and to what extent the improvements made to the flats and buildings have a significant effect on sale prices and rental prices. The marginal prices of these attributes are provided by hedonic pricing models, estimated in a generalized linear model framework; gamma and log-linear regression models perform in a similar way in terms of fit and prediction accuracy. The physical condition of the building and finishing works inside the flats, as variables of interest in our models, have a significant effect on sale and rental prices, but with different intensity. A common set of significant attributes, in the hedonic models for both sale and rental price, is suggested.
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Shoobridge, Diego, Zoila Aurora Cruz-Burga, Waldemar Mercado, Ademar Romeiro, Raymundo Mogollon, Jaime Porras Cerrón und Thomas Valqui. „Caza y comercio de carne de origen silvestre: Estudio de caso en tres comunidades nativas amazónicas de Ucayali, Perú“. Manglar 21, Nr. 1 (02.04.2024): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.007.
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Little is known about how bushmeat markets operate in the Peruvian Amazon and the influence they have on levels of extraction for food and commercial purposes. The research analyzes how the price of wildmeat is related to the intensity of hunting in native communities near the city of Pucallpa. The study confirms that the extraction, trade and use of bushmeat in these native communities are related to the trade of the resource in the city. The amount of meat shared, meat sold, and the average price influence the total amount of meat hunted. If prices vary, the quantities of meat hunted for sale also vary. It is recommended to promote local self-regulation, through which the communities organize themselves to guarantee the permanence of healthy populations of wildlife and benefit without harming the ecosystem. It is suggested to promote the legal sale of bushmeat in formal markets of Pucallpa for managed species so that it can be subject to greater control, allowing prices to achieve a sustainable level of equilibrium in the extraction and sale of bushmeat.
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Dzhabborov, Nozim I., Anton M. Zakharov und Andrey V. Zykov. „Method to Determine the Efficiency Assessment Indicators of Potato Treatment by the Aerodynamic Method“. Engineering Technologies and Systems, Nr. 1 (29.03.2019): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.029.201901.077-090.
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Introduction. Current practices to prepare potatoes for sale have significant drawbacks. The aerodynamic method of potato treatment eliminates them owing to its design features. IEEP – branch of FSAC VIM has manufactured an experimental model of the installation POKAS-1 IEEP to test this method. The required power, energy inputs and productivity of the installation were determined and optimized with the aim to achieve highly efficient treatment of potato tubers. Materials and Methods.Various operating modes of the installation were studied in the experiments according to the developed program and methodology with the use of theoretical modeling methods based on the insight of the processes occurring during the potato treatment. Results. The experimental studies revealed the patterns how the required power, productivity and energy intensity of potato treatment process varied with the nozzle outlet air temperature. The empirical relationship was found to determine the mass of soil particles removed from the potato surface depending on the air temperature. Discussion and Сonclusion. The most efficient pre-sale potato treatment by the aerodynamic method was found at the drum rotation frequency of 20 min–1 and the nozzle output temperature of 40 °C, with the optimal required power of the installation being 5.68 kW. When the installation productivity increased from 0.025 t/h to 0.030 t/h, the energy intensity of the technological process was also going up; with the further increase in the productivity from 0.030 t/h to 0.036 t/h the energy intensity of the process dropped drastically. The energy intensity of the process varied from 794.5 to 1124.3 MJ/t depending upon the temperature regime and high power consumption of the installation. The developed method allowed calculating the required power and productivity of the aerodynamic installation and the energy inputs for the process under consideration.
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Verschuren, F., E. Heinonen, D. Clause, G. Liistro, F. Thys, F. Zech, J. Roeseler und M. S. Reynaert. „267 Capnographie Volumétrique en salle d’urgence : validation de la méthode“. Journal Européen des Urgences 17 (März 2004): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0993-9857(04)97269-x.
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Guérit, JM. „Le neuromonitorage en salle d’opération et en unité de soins intensifs: une technique neurophysiologique pour non-neurophysiologistes?“ Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 28, Nr. 4 (September 1998): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0987-7053(98)80001-4.
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Rajaonera, Andriambelo Tovohery, Narindra Njarasoa Mihaja Razafimanjato, Lantonisaina Harivony Raoelijaona, Andriamihaja Jean Claude Rakotoarisoa, Agnès Marie Lydia Ravalisoa und Hanitrala Jean Louis Rakotovao. „Chest injury: a challenge of management in intensive care“. Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 3, Nr. 2 (31.12.2016): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmsoa.2016.3211.
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Objectifs : Nos objectifs sont de décrire le profil épidémio-clinique des traumatismes thoraciques afin de déterminer ses critères de gravité et de proposer un algorithme de prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique de cette pathologie dans notre centre. Patients et méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective descriptive et analytique à propos de 175 cas de patients traumatisés thoraciques graves admis en service de réanimation chirurgicale du CHU/JRA, Tananarive, Madagascar sur une période de 4 ans allant de Janvier 2009 à Décembre 2012. Résultats : Une prédominance masculine à 82,29% était observée. La tranche d’âge entre 21 et 30 ans était la plus touchée (29,71%). L’accident de la voie publique représente la principale étiologie (46,86% des cas). L’hémothorax était la lésion thoracique la plus fréquente (60%). Les patients traumatisés thoraciques dans notre étude ont présenté des lésions associées dans 53,71% des cas. Le taux de mortalité est de 15,43%. Conclusion : L’âge supérieur à 60 ans, le score de Glasgow initial ≤ 8, l’existence de comorbidité (cardio-vasculaire, pulmonaire et hépatique) et la présence d’une ou plusieurs lésion(s) associée(s) constituent les facteurs de risque de mortalité importants dans la prise en charge de ces traumatismes. L’acquisition des matériels d’équipement nécessaire en salle de réanimation peut améliorer le pronostic vital des traumatisés thoraciques graves.
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Li, Zhiwen, Baojiao Wang und Yeting Wu. „Simultaneous or Sequential? Supplier Product Launch Strategy through E-Commerce Channels with Different Models“. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 19, Nr. 3 (18.07.2024): 1848–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer19030091.
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As the e-commerce landscape diversifies, suppliers are faced with the critical decision of how to effectively launch their products through e-commerce channels with varying business models. This study aims to explore the strategic considerations for a supplier launching products through two distinct e-commerce channels: one based on a direct sale model and the other on a reselling model. It builds a theoretical model to examine the supplier’s decision-making across three strategic options: a simultaneous launch through both channels, a sequential launch starting with the direct sale model followed by the reselling model, and vice versa. The equilibria of those options are derived through game analysis and further compared. The results reveal that for suppliers under a non-alliance pricing contract, a simultaneous product launch across both channels is the most advantageous approach. Conversely, in scenarios where an alliance pricing contract is in place, the optimal strategy shifts towards a sequential launch. The decision of which channel to ally with—whether the direct sale or the reselling model—hinges critically on the difference in service efficiency and the intensity of competition between the channels. This nuanced analysis highlights the importance of strategic flexibility and alignment with channel dynamics in maximizing product launch success in the evolving e-commerce environment.
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Voznyak, Orest, Khrystyna Myroniuk, Iryna Sukholova, Oleksandr Dovbush und Mariana Kasynets. „Increase of ventilation systems procurement and installation works efficiency“. Theory and Building Practice 2020, Nr. 2 (20.11.2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.077.
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The article presents the results of theoretical research on obtaining of the maximum profit by the installation and procurement company in the manufacture and sale of pipe billets for the installation of ventilation systems in the production premise. Graphical and analytical dependences are given. The results of research substantiate the receipt of the maximum profit in the manufacture and sale of the ventilation pipe billets of the different diameters by the installation and procurement enterprise. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of ventilation system installationin production facilities, to determine the maximum profit for the installation and procurement company in the manufacture and sale of pipe billets of the different diameters of ventilation system in the presence of several restrictions on materials and manpower, identify ways to improve installation of ventilation system in production facilities of small volume and justification of the calculation method. Quantitative characteristics of the objective function under given initial conditions are established. The calculated dependences for determining the parameters of the objective function are obtained. The obtained results allow to determine the optimal parameters of the values at the given restrictions on materials and labor intensity of production. The maximum profit in the manufacture and sale of ventilation pipe billets of different diameters by the procurement and installation company is determined. Using of the graphical method and the simplex method to determine the required parameters can significantly increase the efficiency criteria for procurement and installation work and thus reduce the amount of labor and material consumption for the manufacture and installation of ventilation systems.
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Harrison, Matthew T., Karen M. Christie, Richard P. Rawnsley und Richard J. Eckard. „Modelling pasture management and livestock genotype interventions to improve whole-farm productivity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensities“. Animal Production Science 54, Nr. 12 (2014): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14421.
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Livestock greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions form the largest proportion of emissions from agriculture. Here we seek intervention strategies for sustainably intensifying the productivity of prime lamb enterprises without increasing net farm emissions. We apply a biophysical model and an emissions calculator to determine the implications of several interventions to a prime lamb farm in south-eastern Australia. We examine the effects of lamb liveweight or age at sale, weaning rate, maiden ewe joining age, genetic feed-use efficiency, supplementary grain feeding according to green pasture availability, soil fertility and botanical composition. For each intervention, stocking rates were optimised to the lesser of a minimum ground cover threshold or a maximum supplementary grain feeding threshold. Total animal production of the baseline farm was 478 kg clean fleece weight plus liveweight (CFW+LWT)/ha.annum and ranged from 166 to 609 kg CFW+LWT/ha.annum for interventions that replaced existing pastures with annual ryegrass or increased soil fertility respectively. Annual GHG emissions intensity of the baseline farm was 8.7 kg CO2-e/kg CFW+LWT and varied between 7.7 and 9.2 kg CO2-e/kg CFW+LWT for interventions that reduced maiden ewe joining age or increased sale liveweight, respectively. Stocking rate primarily governed total animal production, and in many cases production drove emissions, so interventions that increased production did not always reduce emissions intensity. Indeed, replacing existing perennial ryegrass/subterranean clover mixed pastures with perennial legume swards caused large reductions in both production and emissions, and interventions that increased soil fertility via phosphate addition caused large increases in production and emissions; as a consequence, both strategies had little effect on emissions intensity. Implementing several beneficial interventions simultaneously further increased production and reduced emissions intensity relative to implementing individual interventions alone. Baseline production increased by 61% by increasing soil fertility, improving feed-use efficiency and reducing the joining age of maiden ewes, while baseline emissions intensity was reduced by 17% by improving feed use efficiency, reducing the joining age of maiden ewes and supplementary grain feeding. We demonstrate that imposing several strategies on existing sheep farming systems simultaneously is more conducive to sustainable agricultural intensification than is imposing any single intervention alone, provided individual strategies were beneficial in their own right. The best strategies for both sustainably increasing production and reducing emissions intensity are those that decouple the linkage between production and emissions such as interventions that shift the balance of the flock away from adults and towards juveniles while holding average annual stocking rates constant.
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GIRZHEVA, Olga, und Anatolii MEKHOVSKYI. „MARKET ASPECTS OF EFFECTIVE SALE FOR AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES“. Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 5, Nr. 3 (07.09.2020): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2020-3-26.
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Introduction. The formation of a full-fledged market of agri-food products provides a comprehensive justification of the theoretical and methodological foundations of its operation, ensuring adequate to the task of expanded reproduction of economic efficiency level in the main activities of its subjects. Such justification should be based on the generalization, clarification and systematization of basic economic categories and concepts that reveal the essence that occurs in the formation and functioning of the market in socio-economic processes, the genesis of relations with participants. At the same time, the deepening of the functional disconnection of the latter against the background of the need to intensify exchange processes in the economy become the main reason for market development. The issues of identifying the economic essence of the market and determining the principles of its development are considered in detail in the works of classic and contemporary economists, but the study of the agricultural market remains relevant, particularly in the context of improving sales of its subjects. The purpose of the article is to identify the essential characteristics of the agri-food market, determine its functions and principles of development, as well as their impact on the effective implementation of marketing activities at agricultural enterprises. Results. In the research, the generalized functional load of the agrarian market and its influence on economic behavior of the enterprises – commodity producers is offered. The functional structure of the products market in agricultural enterprises is determined. It is established that the target product markets of agricultural enterprises can be classified by competitive structure as markets of oligopsony and monopsony at the level of the enterprise-producer. The economic prerequisites and structural tendencies for competitive development of target object markets of agricultural enterprises products were identified. Conclusions. In order to implement rational competitive behavior, each agricultural enterprise must identify the target market as a system, assess the factors of competitiveness, as well as timely mobilize the levers to manage the competitiveness of their products at different stages of the reproduction process. Key words: agrarian market, market functions, competitive market structure, sale of agrarian enterprises.
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Beverly, R. B., Sonni George und G. O. Gaye. „MARKET GARDENING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE GAMBIA“. HortScience 26, Nr. 6 (Juni 1991): 724A—724. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.724a.
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Vegetable gardening in The Gambia provides an important supplemental income for women farmers who grow tomato, onion, cabbage and other vegetables for sale on the local market, to restaurants and for export to Europe. Government and international agencies provide research and technical support, while non-governmental organizations (NGO's) provide production capital (such as wells) and marketing support. Production problems include pest management and the labor intensity of hand irrigation and harvesting. Growers cite low prices as their greatest constraint. Small local canning facilities may help alleviate market gluts and extend marketing and consumption opportunities beyond the fresh market production season.
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Yan, Bingwen, Chunqiong Wu und Rongrui Yu. „A Study on the Validity of Commodity Evaluation of E-commerce Platform Based on Dynamic Transaction Events“. MATEC Web of Conferences 267 (2019): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926704013.
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Commodity evaluation on e-commerce platforms affects the sale of goods and the behavior of buyers. Although the observation point of static event theory is stable, it emphasizes one-sided data too much. It ignores the interconnections in the development of events and makes it difficult to effectively analyze the validity of commodity evaluation behaviors. Under the concept of dynamic transaction events based on dynamic development, the validity of commodity evaluation is calculated from time, space and intensity factors. This can consider the influence of individual evaluator and overall evaluator to evaluate the validity of commodity evaluation systematically and objectively.
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Yaropud, Vitalii, und Petro Lavreniuk. „WAYS OF IMPROVING THE DESIGN OF THE WALNUT CONVECTIVE DRYER“. ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, Nr. 1(120) (01.05.2023): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2023-1-14.
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Walnuts belong to the products most exposed to the risk of oxidative deterioration at the stages of storage, transportation and sale. At the same time, it should be taken into account that specific botanical varieties grown in different geographical regions have an individual chemical composition that determines the intensity of the ongoing oxidation processes, therefore nuts of different batches have different potential for storage. The lack of a system of traceability of purchased nut batches at the stages of production, logistics and sale, as well as the lack of objective methods for assessing the potential level of preservation, which leads to the incorrect establishment of the expiration dates of walnuts, and as a result, more than 30% are sold in trade networks walnuts with signs of bitterness. The quality of nuts during storage depends mainly on the moisture content, storage temperature, relative humidity, oxygen content level, commercial type of nuts, packaging materials, storage form and type of technological processing of nuts (without shell, in shell, fried, etc.). Nuts are products of long-term storage. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the operation of modern convective dryers of agricultural raw materials and the determination of ways to improve them to ensure high-quality and uniform drying. According to the results of the analysis of the existing drying units, their disadvantages and advantages were determined. The peculiarities of the application of hopper dryers in various production lines among industrial goods, food products, and construction materials that require mixing of bulk products are analyzed. The use of these dryers has shown high reliability in operation when drying significant volumes of raw materials, absence of stagnant zones, high efficiency of the process and automation of the entire technological process of drying. In order to intensify the process of convective drying, it is necessary to improve the heat and mass transfer both inside and outside the raw material, an increase in the drying temperature will inevitably lead to overheating of the product and loss of biologically useful substances, so one of the ways to increase the drying speed can be the use of mixing devices and devices , installed inside the drying chamber.
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Badgery, W. B., G. D. Millar, D. L. Michalk, P. Cranney und K. Broadfoot. „The intensity of grazing management influences lamb production from native grassland“. Animal Production Science 57, Nr. 9 (2017): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15866.
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The intensity of grazing management required for optimal pasture and animal production from heterogeneous native grasslands has received little research in the high-rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. The aim of this experiment was to determine how the intensity of grazing management, from continuous grazing (P01) to flexible 4- and 20-paddock rotational systems (P04 and P20), influenced the productivity and sustainability of a Merino ewe, terminal sire lamb production system run on a native grassland dominated by Microlaena stipoides and Rytidosperma spp. The present paper focuses on the animal production and feed-quality results from this experiment. There was a higher per head animal production for the P01 than the P20, with the P04 being intermediate. The differences were found for ewe liveweight and fat score, lamb growth rates and lamb liveweight at weaning. The P20 was able to run higher ewe numbers, in response to greater feed on offer than for P04 and P01, which enabled lamb production per hectare at weaning to be similar and greasy wool production per hectare to be greater than for P01. The organic matter digestibility of the ewe diet estimated from faecal analysis was lower for P20 and P04 systems than for P01 over a 7-month period and explained differences measured in sheep performance at that time. When lambs were retained after weaning, they could be kept for longer on the P20 and grown to a greater weight than for the P01 and P04, but the criteria for setting stocking rates and selling lambs from systems influenced the production from the systems. Further work is needed to investigate the interaction between stocking rate (ewe numbers and lamb sale time) and grazing management and examine different options for managing rotational grazing systems.
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Istanti, Enny. „The Role of the Consistency Principle in Recognition of Income Method on the Income Statement at PT. Indo Zinc Diecasting in Gresik“. IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development) 5, Nr. 3 (31.05.2022): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v5i3.1848.
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Purpose: to determine the role of the principle of consistency in the method of revenue recognition on the income statement.
Design/methodology/approach: This research approach uses a descriptive method, which describes the actual situation that occurs in the company for analysis using the applicable theory. While in this study the method used by the author is to use a qualitative method
Findings: This result affects the net profit obtained by the company because of the unrecorded income and expenses. From the evidence above, it can be seen that with the method of recognizing revenues and expenses at the time of sale and adjustments to revenues and expenses that have not been recognized, they can be presented fairly in the financial statements.
Practical implications: intensify the recognition of revenues and expenses at the time of sale and adjustments for unrecognized revenues and expenses
Originality/values: This paper is original
Paper types: research sense
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LEUNG, TIM, und PENG LIU. „RISK PREMIA AND OPTIMAL LIQUIDATION OF CREDIT DERIVATIVES“. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 15, Nr. 08 (Dezember 2012): 1250059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024912500598.
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This paper studies the optimal timing to liquidate credit derivatives in a general intensity-based credit risk model under stochastic interest rate. We incorporate the potential price discrepancy between the market and investors, which is characterized by risk-neutral valuation under different default risk premia specifications. We quantify the value of optimally timing to sell through the concept of delayed liquidation premium, and analyze the associated probabilistic representation and variational inequality. We illustrate the optimal liquidation policy for both single-name and multi-name credit derivatives. Our model is extended to study the sequential buying and selling problem with and without short-sale constraint.
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Hutagalung, Josep Irvan Gilang, Dewi Kania Sugiharti und Zainal Muttaqin. „Tax Law Certainty on The Sale of Food and Beverages after The Enactment of Law Number 1 of 2022“. Journal of Sosial Science 3, Nr. 4 (25.07.2022): 767–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jss.v3i4.385.
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Taxes on Certain Goods and Services (TCGS) is a concept of integrating consumption-based taxes contained in Law Number 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between the Central Government and Regional Governments. The provisions for tax collection in this new law also change local taxation policies, particularly on tax collection on the sale of food and beverages. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the arrangement for collecting TCGS for the sale of food and/or beverages based on the principle of legal certainty and reviewing the implications of the concept of collecting TCGS on the sale of food and/or beverages in terms of local tax intensification efforts. This study uses a normative juridical method using secondary data sources. The data that has been obtained is then described descriptively with qualitative analysis methods. The results of this study indicate that the concept of collecting PBJT for food and beverage sales is in accordance with the principle of legal certainty because it limits the authority to collect VAT by the Central Government and TCGS by the Regional Government for business actors engaged in the culinary industry. To make efforts to optimize regional revenues after the enactment of Law No. 1 of 2022 is to intensify taxes by expanding the revenue base, optimizing the collection process, and increasing supervision.
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Herlinda und Gita Putri Lestari. „PENGARUH INTENSITAS MENGAKSES SHOPEE TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMTIF MAHASISWA FAKULTAS ILMU KOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA“. BroadComm 2, Nr. 2 (01.10.2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53856/bcomm.v2i2.210.
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Shopee adalah platform yang dirancang khusus untuk memberikan pengalaman belanja online yang mudah, aman, dan cepat. Melalui fitur live chat dan fitur favorit memudahkan pembeli untuk mendapatkan informasi terbaru dari penjual, selain itu Shopee juga sering mengadakan promo-promo menarik bertemakan Harbolnas 11:11, 12:12, flash sale dan gratis ongkos kirim seluruh Indonesia dengan kondisi tertentu, hal ini dapat memicu perilaku konsumtif penggunanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intensitas mengakses Shopee terhadap perilaku konsumtif mahasiswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Gunadarma angkatan 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma positivistik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori media shock. Kemudian data yang terkumpul diolah dengan menggunakan software SPSS versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara intensitas mengakses Shopee (frekuensi, durasi, perhatian) terhadap perilaku konsumtif (pembelian impulsif, pembelian irasional, pemborosan). Saran bagi mahasiswa fakultas ilmu komunikasi Universitas Gunadarma, agar lebih bijak dalam menggunakan waktu dalam mengakses Shopee dan lebih mengontrol diri dalam hal berbelanja.
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Mazurenko, O. „Criminology analysis and improvement of the system of prevention of drug trafficking in the black sea region of mainland Ukraine“. Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, Nr. 5 (30.12.2022): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.05.62.
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The article examines the criminological features of illegal drug sales and, on this basis, provides suggestions for improving the system of combating drug crime in the Black Sea region of mainland Ukraine.
The author revealed that the rapid pace of drug addiction, the expansion of the range of drug supply, the increase in the volume of their supply, the involvement of a large number of the population in the criminal sale, the involvement of Ukraine in the world drug business industry are only a small list of threats that determine the increased degree of danger of activities related to illegal sale of drugs. It is proven that due to the specific economic, social, demographic situation; advantageous geographical location; due to the presence of an extensive network of sea, rail and road transport, the Black Sea region turned out to be one of the most attractive areas for the illegal enrichment of criminals through the sale of drugs. It is substantiated that this puts the problem of analyzing drug crime in the Black Sea region of mainland Ukraine into an extremely urgent scientific problem and determines the need to find new forms and means of improving the regional system of drug crime prevention.
The author established high indicators of the intensity of drug sales in the Black Sea region. So, if in Ukraine the intensity of the illegal sale of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues is an average of 14 crimes per 100,000 population, then in the Black Sea region of Ukraine these indicators exceed the Ukrainian average.
It is argued that criminals use the most diverse ways to move drugs from the illicit producer to the end user.
It is justified that the prevention of drug sales is a set of interrelated measures that should cover a number of spheres of social relations. The activities of state and law enforcement agencies, whose tasks include countering drug crime, should influence the sphere of supply and demand of drugs.
The paper states that law enforcement agencies in the Black Sea region of Ukraine should respond with adequate measures to prevent crimes: improve information and analytical support for crime prevention work; training of highly qualified personnel who would use modern knowledge, the latest forms and means to prevent crime; regulatory and legal support for the practice of combating drug addiction needs improvement, especially its organized forms; an important role is played by the establishment of cooperation (at the national, regional and local levels) between the practical units of the National Police, the Prosecutor's Office, the Court, the State Border Service, etc. in matters of exchanging information about criminals, conducting joint operations to stop crimes, preventing smuggling and their movement through the territory of the country to points of sale; an important direction is counteraction to "contactless" forms of domestic anesthesia - through the Internet, various messengers, etc.; not the last role is assigned to the prevention of drug crime: promotion of a healthy lifestyle among the population; prevention of recidivism and other measures.
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Idabouk, L., A. Villacèque, X. Alacoque, F. Vallée, R. Jean, R. Fuzier, D. Lauque und M. Olivier. „090 Analyse critique de l’activité de la salle d’accueil des urgences vitales d’un C.H.U“. Journal Européen des Urgences 17 (März 2004): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0993-9857(04)97107-5.
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Barberis, C., J. Leyral, X. Billères, J. Marchi, D. Meyran und P. Le Dreff. „Infarctus du myocarde : combien de temps pour reperfuser une coronaire en salle de cathétérisme ?“ Journal Européen des Urgences 21 (März 2008): A2—A3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeur.2008.03.201.
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Herlinda, Herlinda, und Gita Putri Lestari. „PENGARUH INTENSITAS MENGAKSES SHOPEE TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMTIF MAHASISWA FAKULTAS ILMU KOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA“. Jurnal Broadcasting Communication 2, Nr. 2 (01.10.2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53856/bcomm.v2i2.133.
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Shopee adalah platform yang dirancang khusus untuk memberikan pengalaman belanja online yang mudah, aman, dan cepat. Melalui fitur live chat dan fitur favorit memudahkan pembeli untuk mendapatkan informasi terbaru dari penjual, selain itu Shopee juga sering mengadakan promo-promo menarik bertemakan Harbolnas 11:11, 12:12, flash sale dan gratis ongkos kirim seluruh Indonesia dengan kondisi tertentu, hal ini dapat memicu perilaku konsumtif penggunanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intensitas mengakses Shopee terhadap perilaku konsumtif mahasiswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Gunadarma angkatan 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma positivistik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori media shock. Kemudian data yang terkumpul diolah dengan menggunakan software SPSS versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara intensitas mengakses Shopee (frekuensi, durasi, perhatian) terhadap perilaku konsumtif (pembelian impulsif, pembelian irasional, pemborosan). Saran bagi mahasiswa fakultas ilmu komunikasi Universitas Gunadarma, agar lebih bijak dalam menggunakan waktu dalam mengakses Shopee dan lebih mengontrol diri dalam hal berbelanja. Kata Kunci : Intensitas, Shopee, Perilaku, Konsumtif, Paparan Media
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Wibowo, Aris, Triono Eddy und Alpi Sahari. „Tindak Pidana Korporasi Bagi Perusahaan Yang Terlibat Dalam Pencucian Uang Hasil Penjualan Narkotika“. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 3, Nr. 1 (08.08.2020): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i1.193.
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The National Agency was formed to further intensify the eradication of narcotics crime is one of the extra ordinary crimes. It turns out that narcotics crime also provides a fact that to track the proceeds of the sale of narcotics, the money is diverted, on behalf of, or formed by another corporation as a camouflage so that it is not tracked by the police. Initially, corporations cannot be convicted for various reasons, but later corporations can be convicted. This study aims to analyze the criminal policy of corporate criminal acts for companies involved in money laundering from the sale of narcotics as well as obstacles and solutions carried out by BNN of North Sumatra province in the handling of corporate criminal cases for companies involved in money laundering from narcotics sales. The results of this study indicate the criminal policy of corporate criminal acts for companies involved in money laundering from the sale of narcotics with the existence of money laundering laws that were not previously explicitly regulated, including that the subject of criminal acts for corporations for companies. The obstacle faced by the North Sumatra National Narcotics Agency is the difficulty of obtaining information related to searches regarding objects resulting from money laundering crimes. Another obstacle is the confiscation of the assets of the suspect who must cooperate with the bank, the lack of facilities and infrastructure and the low professionalism of law enforcement.
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PILCHINA, DAMIRA. „FEATURES OF BANKRUPTCY IN SIMPLIFIED BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURES“. Economic Problems and Legal Practice 18, Nr. 4 (28.08.2022): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2022-18-4-100-104.
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In this article, the author sets the goal of studying the specific characteristics of simplified bankruptcy procedures, within the framework of which the features of the legal regulation of bankruptcy proceedings in simplified bankruptcy procedures of special debtors are considered: a liquidated debtor, an absent debtor, as well as a specialized company and a mortgage agent. The Bankruptcy Law excludes the application of monitoring, financial rehabilitation and external management procedures in relation to these special debtors, aimed at assessing the debtor's financial condition and implementing rehabilitation measures to restore his solvency, which corresponds to the task of reducing the duration and resource intensity of simplified bankruptcy procedures. The specifics of bankruptcy proceedings in respect of absent and liquidated debtors are insignificant, which do not allow to separate simplified bankruptcy proceedings as a special procedure. Bankruptcy proceedings carried out in relation to a specialized company and a mortgage agent do not have a wide practical application due to the organizational «protection» of these legal entities from bankruptcy. The author concludes that the current legislative regulation of simplified bankruptcy procedures does not contain significant differences between simplified bankruptcy proceedings and ordinary competition, which is a significant drawback of the legal regulation of simplified bankruptcy. The author presents proposals to simplify the procedure for bankruptcy proceedings of absent and liquidated debtors, including the rejection of mandatory quarterly meetings of creditors and the transition to simplified reporting of the bankruptcy trustee, proposals related to reforming the procedure for the sale of the debtor's property, including by developing a separate procedure for the sale of property in simplified bankruptcy procedures, as well as simplification of the procedure for the sale of receivables arrears.
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Lemire, Beverly. „Consumerism in Preindustrial and Early Industrial England: The Trade in Secondhand Clothes“. Journal of British Studies 27, Nr. 1 (Januar 1988): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385902.
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The secondhand clothes trade was a vital reflection of consumer demand in preindustrial and early industrial England, one that has gone unrecognized because of the nature of the trade. It did not involve the manufacture, finishing, or refining of raw materials or the sale of new commodities. It was largely invisible trade, leaving few records and generating no legislation. Yet the trade in secondhand clothing was a common feature of English life and met the needs of much of the English population in a way that other manufacturing trades and industries did not. Historians considering the characteristics of the domestic market in this era have naturally focused on the new manufactures and the widening range of goods produced in response to domestic demand both in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries—everything from caps, stockings, and pottery to the products of the British cotton industry. The growth of these industries has been seen as a testament to a strong demand among consumers for varied, attractive, and inexpensive goods. But the extent of demand among the various ranks of people and the intensity of this demand cannot accurately be determined solely from the development of new industries and the sale of new commodities.The demand for clothing, textiles, and other consumer goods was not the sum total of the consumer impulse. An equally powerful drive was manifested not through the purchase of new commodities but through the sale, trade, and purchase of secondhand merchandise. Joan Thirsk has noted that “the labouring classes found cash to spare for consumer goods in 1700 that had no place in their budgets in 1550.”
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Pokhodnya, G. S., N. I. Obernikhina, N. S. Khokhlova, S. N. Kotlyarova und Y. P. Breslavets. „Growth intensity of young rabbits on the background of use of complete mixed fodders“. BIO Web of Conferences 108 (2024): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410801009.
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The development of each individual is influenced by many factors: from genetic to environmental conditions. Therefore, the goal of our research was to establish the characteristics of the growth rate of rabbits from birth to sale when using complete feed in a controlled microclimate. Research was carried out on complex crossbreeds in the rabbit breeding laboratory of the Belgorod State Agrarian University. At birth, the average live weight is 53±2 g. In the first three days, the rabbits were fed colostrum and their average daily gain was 8±1 g, when switching to milk in the next 4 days it increased to 13±1 g, and in the next week - 19±2 g. In the third week of life, the rabbits were introduced to the feed; during this period, the average daily gain did not increase significantly and amounted to 21±3 g. From the next week, the feed began to prevail in the diet of the young animals, and their average daily gain increased to 39±4 g, and the live weight reached 796±43 g. Starting from the 30th day, the rabbits were exposed to stress factors such as branding and weaning. At the same time, the average daily increase in live weight continued to increase, reaching a maximum in the interval between 50 and 60 days with values of 40-42 g, regardless of the method of preventing eimeriosis. It is worth noting that live weight when using a coccidiostat based on essential oils (Ent-Oil Eimecon Dry) is higher than when using a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against eimeria (Cycocin) and amounted to 3078±38 and 3305±62 g, respectively (p < 0.01).
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Lopez, S., D. Pic, C. Pourrat und J. Schmidt. „129 - Évaluation du fonctionnement d’une salle d’admission des urgences vitales au CHRU de clermont-ferrand“. Journal Européen des Urgences 17 (März 2004): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0993-9857(04)97139-7.
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Crevoisier, J., M. Gouesbier, B. Vallée und P. Leroy. „022 Enquête sur la formation des infirmières à la salle d’accueil des urgences vitales (sauv)“. Journal Européen des Urgences 17 (März 2004): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0993-9857(04)97338-4.
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Decelle, L., C. Boulouffe, J. B. Gillet, J. Jamart, T. Vander Borght und D. Vanpee. „Évaluation de la fonction rénale (FR) chez le patient âgé (PA) en salle d’urgence (SU)“. Journal Européen des Urgences 21 (März 2008): A150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeur.2008.03.059.
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Souissi, S., M. Chekir, M. Mougaida, M. Ajmi, L. Derbel, O. Haouidhek, N. Hafsi und B. Bouhajja. „Facteurs de risque de mortalité précoce des patients admis en salle d’accueil des urgences vitales“. Journal Européen des Urgences 21 (März 2008): A14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeur.2008.03.090.
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Oke, Kalu Ngwobia. „Carbon Intensity During Oil and Gas Production Process“. International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering Research 7, Nr. 1 (15.01.2024): 33–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijpger.17/vol7n13379.
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This report focuses on reviewing the types of carbon intensity metrics, and the use of such metrics across the oil and gas sector, to monitor progress towards transitioning away from fossil fuel production. Producers are under pressure to respond to challenging conditions resulting from increasing climate policy, tightening markets and a move away by investors. A number of commentators are suggesting that production may have peaked, given these emerging trends, and the post Covid-19 pandemic. From a combination of review and modeling, this report provides some key insights on carbon intensity metrics and the impact of different carbon intensities on future production, which are pertinent to the future strategies of the oil and gas sector – Narrow-scoped metrics that only include upstream emissions are insufficient for producers reporting on progress towards climate goals. The carbon intensity of the final product also needs to be considered, given that it is increasingly subject to increased demand-side policy e.g. in relation to carbon pricing, bans on the sale of internal combustion engines (ICEs) etc. Given that climate targets are expressed in absolute terms, the relative measure of progress provided by carbon intensity metrics is insufficient to guide progress towards net-zero emissions. As shown by the modelling, there is a significant decline in the levels of production permitted under climate targets by 2050. Given the need for diversification, metrics that account for scope 3 emissions will be important, to help monitor the transformation away from oil and gas. As discussed in this report, a number of IOCs appear to be making small steps in this direction, although their key business focus very much remains on oil & gas. As the IEA (2020a) has reported, less than 1% of capital expenditure is being spent outside of core business areas. However, cleaner operations are also important. Therefore, scope 1&2 metrics are still useful for minimising upstream emissions. The modelling highlights the impact for example of high carbon intensity gas resources (due to methane emissions) on their production levels. Unconventional resources, which tend to require more energy input per unit of extraction, and are more costly, appear unlikely to be exploited in our Paris-aligned case. Any assertion that higher carbon intensity production upstream can be offset by lower emissions downstream (e.g. via higher vehicle efficiency standards) is not supported by the modelling. This is particularly the case where these oil products areexported abroad to regions with low efficiency forms of transportation/limited environmental regulation. National oil companies (NOCs) have more potential to achieve emission reduction from operational emissions, although the incentives to do so might be lower (with far less scrutiny and reporting). Diversification is also likely to be more of a challenge for NOCs, due to the reliance of public budgets on revenues gained. However, a number of high-producing countries are vigorously exploring diversification strategies. Such strategies could include massively increasing support for renewable industries, and focusing on areas such as hydrogen production and CCS applications. For the large NOC producers, with the lowest-cost conventional reserves, it is likely that they may be able to continue producing for the longest time, as climate policy stringency increases. However, given that NOCs hold the largest reserves, risks of stranding will be greater in absolute terms.
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Gu, Feng, und Baruch Lev. „The Information Content of Royalty Income“. Accounting Horizons 18, Nr. 1 (01.03.2004): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2004.18.1.1.
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The rise of intangible assets in size and contribution to corporate growth over the past quarter century was accompanied by a steep increase in the rate and scope of patenting. Consequently, many patent-rich companies, particularly in the science-based and high-tech industries, are extensively engaged in the licensing and sale of patents. We examine various valuation and disclosure aspects of the outcome of patent licensing—royalty income. Our findings indicate the following: (1) royalty income is highly relevant to securities valuation, (2) the intensity of royalty income provides investors with an important signal about the quality and prospects of firms' R&D expenditures, and (3) a substantial number of companies engaged in patent licensing do not disclose royalty income in financial reports.
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Anand, Ankit, Rajveer Singh, Abhishek Kumar Gupta, Ajay Kumar, Hritika, Priyanka Kumari, Shiwani Shukla und Yuvika Kataria. „Sheehan’s syndrome of a 50 years old female with bipolar disorder: a case report“. International Journal of Scientific Reports 10, Nr. 5 (24.04.2024): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20240981.
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Empty Sella syndrome (ESS) pertains to a phenomenon in which the Turkish sale seems through radiography to be larger and perhaps partially or entirely filled with brain fluids. It can be major illness/ develop as a result of pituitary medical procedures, radiation therapy cerebral infarction/bleeding process. A 50 years old female patient was admitted in emergency medicine ward with chief complaint of pain in abdomen, weakness and vomiting. MRI scan of pituitary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal intensity is seen in Sella with no visible anterior pituitary gland tissue noted-likely suggestive of secondary empty Sella (SES). Long-term steroid use is principal therapy for adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency (IAD). In this instance, ESS, which can be primary/secondary, also noticed.
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Shelemetieva, T. V. „Assessment of the State of Competition in the Tourist Market of Ukraine“. HERALD OF THE ECONOMIC SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, Nr. 1(42) (2022): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/1729-7206.2022.1(42).101-105.
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The article evaluates the intensity of competition and the level of monopolization in the tourism market of Ukraine. It is noted that the most important feature of the tourist market of Ukraine is the intensity of competition – the struggle between tourist organizations for the most favorable conditions of production and sale in order to achieve better business results and business development. In such conditions, the assessment of the intensity of competition and the level of monopolization of the tourism market will allow companies to develop their pricing, product, sales and communication policies, to shape their strategy and tactics of behavior in the market. It is noted that among the indicators most often used to assess the intensity of competition in the industry: market concentration index, Rosenbluth index (Hall-Tydman), Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the relative concentration ratio. It is possible to assess the efficiency of a tourist enterprise, as well as to predict the prospects of its development with the help of a traditional tool – market share. It demonstrates the place of a travel company in the relevant market segment among competitors. It is proved that the information base for the analysis of competition in the market of tourist services of Ukraine is statistical and accounting of enterprises of various types for which tourism is the main, statistics of the Main Department of Statistics of Ukraine, State Agency for Tourism Development of Ukraine, State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The rating of tour operators of Ukraine by the number of served tourists was assessed. It is determined that the leaders in the tourist market and the largest share in the number of tourists served are tour operators “Join UP!”, Travel Company “Anex Tour”, “TEZ Tour”, “Coral Travel”. Indicators of intensity of competition in the tourist market of Ukraine for 2018-2019 are calculated. According to the indicators for assessing the intensity of competition in the market, it was noted that the market is non-monopolized, low-concentrated (moderately concentrated) and high-intensity competition. The results of the assessment of the intensity of competition can be used in the formation of competitive strategies of tour operators in Ukraine, in deciding on the entry of new enterprises in the industry or on the feasibility of continuing to operate effectively in existing firms. Keywords estimation, tourist market, competition, intensity, monopolization, indicators, index, coefficient.
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Samuelson, Michael L., und Stanley B. McCormell. „X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of High-Density Brines Using a Compton Scattering Ratio Technique“. Advances in X-ray Analysis 34 (1990): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800014579.
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AbstractHigh-density brines are used to control high pressure during oil and gas well operations. These dense brines (15 to 20 lb/gal) are solutions prepared from sale such as calcium chloride, calcium bromide, zinc bromide and/or combinations. During stages of completion, excessive losses of these expensive brines to the production zone can occur. Before the brine is reused in other oil and/or gas well operations, the brine may need to be reweighted. An analysis of the brine composition must be obtained to properly add the correct amount of salts.Standard addition or internal standardization methods are commonly used in X-ray fluorescence (XRF) applications but negate one of the advantages of XRF-elimination of tedious sample preparation. Scattered X-ray intensity has been used successfully to correct matrix effects in XRF applications. A Compton scatter ratio method is very advantageous for samples having a low atomic number, for which the scattered intensity is high. This paper describes an XRF method for determining Ca, CI, and Zn in high-density brines as well as the matrix correction for Br using a scattered X-ray ratio technique.
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Southgate, J. R., A. R. Peters, S. Dean und J. Everett. „The effects on daily gain and carcases of implants containing testosterone and oestradiol on heifers and implants containing zeranol on intensive cereal bulls“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1987 (März 1987): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600035534.
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Trials were undertaken with 320 heifers in 13 groups on nine farms. Within each group heifers were allocated within matched weight pairs to treatment sub-groups at yarding. One sub-group was treated with an implant containing 200 mg Testosterone Propionate and 20 mg Oestradiol Benzoate (Synovex-H, Syntex). The two sub-groups were then reared together until slaughter or disbandonment of the group. Seven groups were sold deadweight, five of which had liveweights just prior to slaughter. Four farms sold to live auctions and weighed cattle on the day of sale. Two groups were grass finished but were weighed at turnout (Table 1).
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Oravec, Milan, und Marián Slamka. „The energy intensity of the production of energy chips from dendromass stands on long-term uncultivated agricultural land“. Central European Forestry Journal 64, Nr. 2 (01.06.2018): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2017-0033.
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Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate the energy intensity of the fuel wood chips production on unused agricultural land. The unused agricultural land, overgrown with forest trees, also called white areas, is the result of the end of the traditional intensive management of agricultural land by the natural succession of forest stands and pioneers’ wood species on the borders of forest and non-forest land. These stands are advantageously localized due to previous method of the land utilization, accessible and therefore very interesting from the point of view of obtaining fuel dendromass. The logging and subsequent dendromass processing was carried out for the purpose of further land use as pasture land and also for the production of fuel wood chips and their subsequent sale to the end user. With the utilization of technology chain saw-forwarder-chipper, the energy intensity of each operation, expressed in terms of the amount of fuel consumed per unit of produced wood fuel, was determined. The share of energy consumed in the energy value of the harvested tree dendromass in the evaluated sites ranged from 0.43 to 0.62%, approximately 0.64 to 0.88% and the chipping 0.42 to 0.54%. The total amount of energy consumed after calculation the chipper transfers to an average distance of 180 km was within 1.46 to 2.11%. The average weight of the harvested trees caused the biggest impact on the energy intensity of the production process.
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I.J Agabi und J.S Ibrahim. „Energy Evaluation and Processing Cost Reduction in Agudu Maize Processing Industry“. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 11, Nr. 1 (27.02.2021): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.1.20.
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This study evaluated energy consumption by Agudu Farms Limited (AFL) that processes maize and cassava into flour for human consumption. The objectives of study included to determine energy contribution to processing cost, to minimize the processing cost and to propose a new selling price per unit of sale of the product. The study materials included; a multi-meter, stopwatch, electrical appliances’ nameplates and bills, fuel purchased receipts, and production records. Data was collected through detailed energy audits and measurements of present electricity consumption. This data was converted into energy intensities, rates and costs, and analyzed. The monthly energy intensity plotted on bar charts using Microsoft excel and the results showed that diesel had the highest consumption variation of 3500 kWh/t, electricity 200kWh/t and labor 110 kWh/t. The percentage of energy contribution to processing cost was 33%. In monetary terms, the processing cost per hour of operation showed average value of ₦830. Whereas, the minimum production cost per hour using Tora software showed ₦767. The new product price per ten-kilogram (10kg) unit of sale of maize flour, using break-even analysis, showed ₦2864. The study observed that diesel contributed more to production cost than electricity and labor and therefore, recommended the setting up of an energy monitoring team to monitor procurement and control utilization of diesel to reduce production cost.
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Jeon, Seungho, Minyoung Roh, Almas Heshmati und Suduk Kim. „An Assessment of Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards for Passenger Cars in South Korea“. Energies 13, Nr. 17 (01.09.2020): 4533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174533.
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The shift in consumer preferences for large-sized cars has increased the energy intensity (EI) of passenger cars, while growth in battery electric vehicle (BEV) sales has decreased EI in recent years in South Korea. In order to lower passenger cars’ EI, the South Korean government has implemented the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards with a credit system, in which the sale of one energy-efficient car (for example, a BEV) can get multiple credits. This study analyzes CAFE standards in terms of both the EI improvement sensitivity scenarios and the degree of credits for BEVs and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) by using the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM). In this study, passenger cars include small, medium, and large sedans, sport utility vehicles (SUVs) of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), BEVs, and FCEVs. The findings of this study are as follows: First, from the policy design perspective, a proper setting of the credit system for BEVs and FCEVs is a very important variable for automakers to achieve CAFE standards. Second, from the technology promotion perspective, active promotion of fuel efficiency improvements through CAFE standards are important since Better-EI and Best-EI scenarios are found to achieve CAFE standards even when a BEV or a FCEV receives a credit of one car sale in 2030.